Abstract Objective: To evaluate and compare peripheral, pelvic floor, respiratory muscle strength, and functionality in the immediate puerperium of normal delivery and cesarean section. Methods: This is a cross-sectional study that verified respiratory, pelvic floor, peripheral, and functional muscle strength through manovacuometry, pelvic floor functional assessment (PFF), dynamometry, and the Time Up and Go (TUG) test, respectively. The groups were divided according to the type of delivery, into a cesarean section group and a normal parturition group. Results: The sample was composed of 72 postpartum puerperae, 36 of normal parturition, and 36 of cesarean section, evaluated before hospital discharge, mean age ranged from 25.56 ± 6.28 and 28.57 ± 6.47 years in puerperae of normal parturition and cesarean section respectively. Cesarean showed higher pelvic floor strength (PFF) compared to normal parturition (p < 0.002), but puerperae from normal delivery showed better functionality (p < 0.001). As for peripheral muscle strength and respiratory muscle strength, there was no significance when comparing the types of parturirion. Conclusion: There is a reduction in pelvic muscle strength in puerperae of normal delivery and a decrease in functionality in puerperae of cesarean section.

Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar e comparar o pavimento pélvico periférico, a força muscular respiratória e a funcionalidade no puerpério imediato do parto normal e da cesariana. Métodos: Este é um estudo transversal que verificou a força muscular respiratória, pavimento pélvico, periférico e funcional através da manovacuometria, avaliação funcional do pavimento pélvico (PFF), dinamometria, e o teste Time Up e Go (TUG), respectivamente. Os grupos foram divididos de acordo com o tipo de parto, num grupo de cesariana e num grupo de parto normal. Resultados: A amostra foi composta por 72 puérperas pós-parto, 36 de parto normal e 36 de cesariana, avaliados antes da alta hospitalar, a idade média variou entre 25,56 ± 6,28 e 28,57 ± 6,47 anos em puérperas de parto normal e cesariana, respectivamente. A cesariana mostrou maior resistência do pavimento pélvico (TFP) em comparação com o parto normal (p < 0,002), mas as puérperas de parto normal mostraram melhor funcionalidade (p < 0,001). Quanto à força muscular periférica e à força muscular respiratória, não houve significado ao comparar os tipos de parto. Conclusão: Há uma redução da força muscular pélvica em puérperas de parto normal e uma diminuição da funcionalidade em puérperas de cesarianas.

Abstract Introduction Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery is associated with a decline in ventilatory muscle strength and lung function. Inspiratory muscle training (IMT) based on anaerobic threshold (AT) has been used to minimize the impact of CABG on these parameters, but the long-term impact is unknown. Objective To test the hypothesis that AT-based IMT improves inspiratory muscle strength and lung function even six months after CABG. Methods This is a randomized controlled clinical trial. In the preoperative period, maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP), maximum expiratory pressure (MEP), vital capacity (VC) and peak expiratory flow (PEF) rate were assessed. On the first postoperative day, patients were randomized into two groups: AT-based IMT (IMT-AT) (n=21) where the load was prescribed based on glycemic threshold and conventional IMT (IMT-C) (n=21), with load of 40% of MIP. Patients were trained during hospitalization until the day of discharge and were assessed at discharge and six months later. For within-group comparison, paired Student's t-test or Wilcoxon test was used, and independent Student's t-test or the Mann-Whitney test was used to analyze the different time points. A p<0.05 was considered significant. Results At six months after CABG surgery, statistical difference was found between the IMT-AT and the IMT-C groups in MIP (difference between the means of -5cmH2; 95% CI=- 8.21to-1.79) and VC (difference between the means of -2ml/kg;95%CI=-3.87to-0.13). No difference was found between groups in the other variables analyzed. Conclusion IMT-AT promoted greater recovery of inspiratory muscle strength and VC after six months of CABG when compared to conventional training.

RESUMO Objetivo: Realizar a tradução, a adaptação transcultural e a avaliação das propriedades clinimétricas da Critical Care Functional Rehabilitation Outcome Measure para avaliação da funcionalidade de pacientes internados em unidades de terapia intensiva no Brasil. Métodos: O processo de tradução e adaptação transcultural seguiu as seguintes etapas: tradução inicial, síntese, retrotradução, revisão por comitê de especialistas e pré-teste. Foram analisadas a confiabilidade intra e interavaliador e a concordância, com dados gerados a partir da avaliação de dois fisioterapeutas no mesmo grupo de pacientes (n = 35). As avaliações foram feitas de forma independente e cega quanto ao escore atribuído pelo outro profissional. A análise qualitativa foi realizada pelo comitê de revisão, e os especialistas adaptaram e sintetizaram a tradução da escala Critical Care Functional Rehabilitation Outcome Measure na língua portuguesa. Resultados: Observou-se concordância entre as traduções da escala Critical Care Functional Rehabilitation Outcome Measure para versão brasileira. As equivalências conceitual, idiomática, semântica e experimental entre a versão original e a traduzida foram obtidas, resultando na versão brasileira, denominada Medida de Resultado da Reabilitação Funcional em Cuidados Intensivos. A avaliação das propriedades clinimétricas demonstrou evidências de alto grau de concordância e de confiabilidade, visto que todos tiveram Coeficiente de Correlação Intraclasse acima de 0,75. O Coeficiente de Correlação Intraclasse total foi de 0,89. Conclusão: A versão da escala Critical Care Functional Rehabilitation Outcome Measure para avaliação da funcionalidade de pacientes internados em unidade de terapia intensiva pode ser utilizada de forma confiável no Brasil, pois foi traduzida e adaptada transculturamente para o português brasileiro e apresenta evidências de excelentes propriedades

ABSTRACT Objective: To translate, crossculturally adapt and evaluate the clinimetric properties of the Critical Care Functional Rehabilitation Outcome Measure for evaluating the functionality of patients admitted to intensive care units in Brazil. Methods: The process of translation and cross-cultural adaptation involved the following steps: initial translation, synthesis, back-translation, expert committee review and pretesting. The intra- and interrater reliability and agreement were analyzed between two physical therapists who evaluated the same group of patients (n = 35). The evaluations were performed by each therapist independently and blinded to the score assigned by the other professional. The qualitative analysis was performed by the review committee, and the experts adapted and synthesized the Portuguese translation of the Critical Care Functional Rehabilitation Outcome Measure. Results: There was agreement between the initial Brazilian translations of the Critical Care Functional Rehabilitation Outcome Measure scale. The conceptual, idiomatic, semantic and experimental equivalences between the original and translated versions were assessed, resulting in the final Brazilian version of the scale, called the Medida de Resultado da Reabilitação Funcional em Cuidados Intensivos. The evaluation of the clinimetric properties showed evidence of a high degree of agreement and reliability, as all had an intraclass correlation coefficient above 0.75. The overall intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.89. Conclusion: The translated version of the Critical Care Functional Rehabilitation Outcome Measure scale for assessing the functionality of patients admitted to an intensive care unit can be used reliably in Brazil following translation and cross-cultural adaptation to Brazilian Portuguese and presents evidence of excellent interrater reliability.

Introdução. Pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca (IC) portadores de apneia obstrutiva do sono (AOS) tem taxas de morbi mortalidade elevados e o tratamento com a pressão positiva contínua nas vias aéreas (CPAP) pode reduzir estes riscos. Objetivo geral. Realizar uma revisão sistemática de ensaios clínicos randomizados sobre os efeitos da terapia por CPAP em pacientes com IC portadores de AOS. Fontes de informação. Pesquisamos as bases de dados eletrônicas PubMed, Embase, Web of Science e Lilacs nos últimos 10 anos, sem limites de linguagem. Critérios de elegibilidade. Ensaios clínicos randomizados, estudos de pacientes com IC apresentando fração de ejeção do ventrículo esquerdo (FEVE) reduzida (<50%) portadores de apneia obstrutiva do sono e que fossem tratados com CPAP. Resultados. A FEVE aumentou consideravelmente nos grupos que receberam a terapia por CPAP (média basal: 30,6%; média pós CPAP: 36,7%), assim como a saturação de oxigênio (SaO2) (média basal: 94%; média pós CPAP: 95,3%) e houve redução no índice de apneia/hipopneia (média basal: 39,6; média pós CPAP: 12,3). Conclusões. Nossa revisão sistemática de ensaios clínicos randomizados confirma que a terapia por CPAP em pacientes com IC portadores de AOS melhora variáveis preditoras de morbi mortalidade.

Background. Heart failure (HF) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients have high morbidity and mortality rates, and treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) may reduce these risks. Objective. Carry out a systematic review of randomized clinical trials on the effects of CPAP therapy in patients with HF and OSA. Sources of information. We searched the electronic databases PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Lilacs in the last 10 years, without limits of language. Eligibility criteria. Randomized clinical trials, studies of patients with heart failure presenting reduced left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) (<50%) with OSA and who were treated with CPAP. Results. LVEF increased significantly in the groups that received CPAP therapy (baseline mean: 30.6%, post CPAP mean: 36.7%), as well as oxygen saturation (SaO2) (baseline mean: 94%; post CPAP mean: 95.3%) and there was a decrease in apnea/hypopnea index (baseline mean: 39.6; post CPAP mean: 12.3). Conclusion. Our systematic review of randomized clinical trials confirms that CPAP therapy in patients with HF and OSA improves predictors of morbidity and mortality.

Introducción. Los pacientes con insuficiencia cardíaca (IC) portadores de apnea obstructiva del sueño (AOS) tienen tasas altas de morbilidad y mortalidad, y el tratamiento con presión positiva continua en la vía aérea (CPAP) puede reducir estos riesgos. Objetivo general. Llevar a cabo una revisión sistemática de ensayos clínicos aleatorios sobre los efectos de la terapia con CPAP en pacientes con portadores de AOS. Fuentes de información. Hemos investigado las bases de datos electrónicas de PubMed, Embase, Web of Science y Lilacs en los últimos 10 años sin limitaciones de idioma. Criterios de elegibilidad. Ensayos clínicos aleatorios, estudios de pacientes con IC con fracción de eyección del ventrículo izquierdo (FEVI) <50% que tenían AOS y que fueron tratados con CPAP. Resultados. La FEVI aumentó significativamente en los grupos que recibieron terapia con CPAP (media de referencia: 30,6%, media posterior a la CPAP: 36,7%), así como saturación de oxígeno (SaO2) (media de referencia: 94%, media posterior CPAP: 95,3%) y hubo una reducción en el índice de apnea/hipopnea (media de referencia: 39,6; media post CPAP: 12,3). Conclusiones. Los estudios clínicos muestran que las manifestaciones clínicas de la cardiopatía coronaria se confirman con el tratamiento con CPAP en pacientes con IC con predictores positivos de morbilidad y mortalidad.

RESUMO Acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) frequentemente leva a anormalidades no tônus muscular, postura e controle motor que podem comprometer a função motora voluntária, afetando o controle motor necessário para manter a sinergia dos músculos periféricos e respiratórios. Objetivo Avaliar a força muscular respiratória, a função pulmonar, o controle do tronco e a independência funcional em pacientes com AVC e correlacionar o controle do tronco com as demais variáveis. Métodos Este foi um estudo transversal, incluindo pacientes diagnosticados com AVC. Avaliamos a força muscular respiratória, o controle do tronco avaliado pela escala de comprometimento de tronco, as variáveis espirométricas e a medida de independência funcional. Resultados Quarenta e quatro pacientes foram incluídos. A função pulmonar e a força muscular respiratória foram significativamente menores do que o previsto para a população estudada, e o escore médio do escala de comprometimento de tronco foi de 14,3 pontos. As seguintes correlações significativas foram encontradas entre as variáveis: controle do tronco vs. pressão inspiratória máxima (r = 0,26, p <0,05); controle do tronco vs capacidade vital forçada (r = 0,28, p <0,05); controle do tronco versus volume expiratório forçado no primeiro segundo (r = 0,29, p <0,05) e controle do tronco vs. medida de independência funcional (r = 0,77, p <0,05). Conclusão O presente estudo demonstrou que a força muscular respiratória, a função pulmonar, a independência funcional e o controle do tronco estão diminuídos em pacientes diagnosticados com AVC.

ABSTRACT Stroke often leads to abnormalities in muscle tone, posture, and motor control that may compromise voluntary motor function, thus affecting the motor control required for maintaining the synergy of both peripheral and respiratory muscles. Objective To evaluate respiratory muscle strength, pulmonary function, trunk control, and functional independence in patients with stroke and to correlate trunk control with the other variables. Methods This was a cross-sectional study of patients diagnosed with stroke. We assessed respiratory muscle strength, trunk control as assessed by the Trunk Impairment Scale, spirometric variables, and the Functional Independence Measure. Results Forty-four patients were included. Pulmonary function and respiratory muscle strength were significantly lower than predicted for the study population, and the mean Trunk Impairment Scale score was 14.3 points. The following significant correlations were found between the variables: trunk control vs. maximal inspiratory pressure (r = 0.26, p < 0.05); trunk control vs. forced vital capacity (r = 0.28, p < 0.05); trunk control vs. forced expiratory volume in one second (r = 0.29, p < 0.05), and trunk control vs. the Functional Independence Measure (r = 0.77, p < 0.05). Conclusion The present study showed that respiratory muscle strength, pulmonary function, functional independence, and trunk control are reduced in patients diagnosed with stroke.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a pontuação da escala Perme de mobilidade como preditor de funcionalidade e complicações no pós-operatório de pacientes submetidos a transplante hepático. Métodos: A amostra foi composta por 30 pacientes que realizaram transplante hepático. Os pacientes foram avaliados em dois momentos, a fim de verificar a percepção da dor, o grau de dispneia, a força muscular periférica e a funcionalidade do paciente de acordo com a escala Perme. Os dados coletados foram analisados por estatística descritiva e inferencial. Para comparar médias entre as avaliações, foi aplicado o teste t de Student para amostras pareadas. Em caso de assimetria, o teste de Wilcoxon foi utilizado. Na avaliação da associação entre as variáveis quantitativas, os testes de correlação de Pearson ou Spearman foram aplicados. Resultados: Foram incluídos 30 indivíduos que realizaram transplante hepático. Houve predomínio de pacientes do sexo masculino, e a média de idade foi 58,4 ± 9,9 anos. A patologia de base mais prevalente foi a cirrose por vírus C (23,3%). Foram registradas associações significativas entre o tempo de ventilação mecânica e a escala Perme na alta da unidade de terapia intensiva (r = -0,374; p = 0,042) e entre o número de atendimentos fisioterapêuticos (r = -0,578; p = 0,001). Quando comparados os resultados da avaliação inicial e na alta hospitalar, houve significativa melhora da funcionalidade (p < 0,001). Conclusão: Mobilidade funcional, força muscular periférica, percepção da dor e dispneia melhoram significativamente no momento da alta hospitalar em relação à admissão na unidade de internação.

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the Perme mobility scale score as a predictor of functional status and complications in the postoperative period in patients undergoing liver transplantation. Methods: The sample consisted of 30 patients who underwent liver transplantation. The patients were evaluated at two time points to determine their perception of pain, degree of dyspnea, peripheral muscle strength, and functional status according to the Perme scale. The collected data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics. To compare the means between the evaluations, Student's t test for paired samples was applied. In case of asymmetry, the Wilcoxon test was used. In the evaluation of the association between the quantitative variables, the Pearson or Spearman correlation tests were applied. Results: A total of 30 individuals who underwent liver transplantation were included. The patients were predominantly male, and the mean age was 58.4 ± 9.9 years. The most prevalent underlying pathology was cirrhosis C virus (23.3%). Significant associations of the time on mechanical ventilation with the Perme scale score at discharge from the intensive care unit (r = -0.374; p = 0.042) and the number of physical therapy treatments (r = -0.578; p = 0.001) were recorded. When comparing the results of the initial evaluation and the evaluation at hospital discharge, there was a significant improvement in functional status (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Functional mobility, peripheral muscle strength, pain perception, and dyspnea are significantly improved at hospital discharge compared with those at inpatient unit admission.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar as alterações pulmonares de animais com Síndrome Hepatopulmonar (SHP), submetidos à ligadura de ducto biliar (LDB), bem como o efeito antioxidante da Melatonina (MEL). Métodos: Dezesseis ratos machos da espécie Wistar, divididos em quatro grupos: Sham, Grupo LDB, Grupo Sham + MEL e LDB + MEL. Foram avaliadas a histologia pulmonar e hepática, a lipoperoxidação e atividade antioxidante do tecido pulmonar, diferença álveolo-arterial de O2 e relação peso pulmonar/peso corporal (%). Resultados: Quando comparados os grupos, observamos um aumento da vasodilatação e fibrose pulmonar no grupo LDB e a redução deste em relação ao grupo LDB+MEL. Observamos ainda alterações significativas na atividade da catalase, PaCO2, PaO2 no grupo LBD quando comparado aos demais grupos. Conclusões: A utilização da MEL demonstrou-se eficaz na redução da vasodilatação, níveis de fibrose e estresse oxidativo assim como na troca gasosa em modelo experimental de SHP.

ABSTRACT Objective: To evaluate the pulmonary alterations of animals with Hepatopulmonary Syndrome (HPS) submitted to Biliary Duct Ligature (BDL), as well as the antioxidant effect of Melatonin (MEL). Methods: Sixteen male Wistar rats, divided into four Sham groups: BDL group, Sham + MEL group and BDL + MEL. The pulmonary and hepatic histology, lipoperoxidation and antioxidant activity of lung tissue, alveolar-arterial O2 difference and lung / body weight ratio (%) were evaluated. Results: When comparing the groups, could be observed an increase of vasodilation and pulmonary fibrosis in the BDL group and the reduction of this in relation to the BDL + MEL group. It was also observed significant changes in the activity of catalase, ApCO2, ApO2 in the LBD group when compared to the other groups. Conclusion: The use of MEL has been shown to be effective in reducing vasodilation, fibrosis levels and oxidative stress as well as gas exchange in an experimental HPS model.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a qualidade de vida relacionada com a saúde, em longo prazo, de sobreviventes de um período de internação na unidade de terapia intensiva por revisão sistemática. Métodos: Busca, seleção e análise de estudos observacionais que avaliaram a qualidade de vida relacionada com a saúde de sobreviventes de internação na unidade de terapia intensiva nas bases de dados eletrônicas LILACS e MEDLINE® (acessada pelo PubMed), encontrados por meio dos termos MESH indexados "quality of life [MeSH Terms]" AND "critically ill [MeSH Terms]". Foram incluídos estudos publicados nos últimos 5 anos no idioma inglês realizados em pacientes adultos sem doenças prévias específicas. As citações foram selecionadas independentemente por três revisores. Os dados foram extraídos de forma padronizada e independente por dois revisores, e a qualidade dos estudos foi avaliada utilizando a escala Newcastle-Ottawa. Resultados: Foram incluídos 19 coortes observacionais e 2 estudos caso-controle de 57.712 doentes críticos. O tempo de seguimento dos estudos variou de 6 meses a 6 anos, sendo a maioria dos estudos com 6 meses ou 1 ano de seguimento. A qualidade de vida relacionada com a saúde foi avaliada utilizando duas ferramentas genéricas, o EuroQol e o Short Form Health Survey. A qualidade geral dos estudos foi baixa. Conclusões: A qualidade de vida relacionada com a saúde, em longo prazo, está comprometida em sobreviventes de internação na unidade de terapia intensiva comparada à da população geral correspondente. Porém, esta não é significativamente afetada pela presença de sepse, delírio e lesão renal aguda durante a internação na unidade de terapia intensiva quando comparada com grupos controle de pacientes críticos. São necessários estudos de alta qualidade para quantificar a qualidade de vida relacionada com a saúde em sobreviventes de internação em unidade de terapia intensiva.

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the long-term, health-related quality of life of intensive care unit survivors by systematic review. Methods: The search for, and selection and analysis of, observational studies that assessed the health-related quality of life of intensive care unit survivors in the electronic databases LILACS and MEDLINE® (accessed through PubMed) was performed using the indexed MESH terms "quality of life [MeSH Terms]" AND "critically illness [MeSH Terms]". Studies on adult patients without specific prior diseases published in English in the last 5 years were included in this systematic review. The citations were independently selected by three reviewers. Data were standardly and independently retrieved by two reviewers, and the quality of the studies was assessed using the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. Results: In total, 19 observational cohort and 2 case-control studies of 57,712 critically ill patients were included. The follow-up time of the studies ranged from 6 months to 6 years, and most studies had a 6-month or 1-year follow up. The health-related quality of life was assessed using two generic tools, the EuroQol and the Short Form Health Survey. The overall quality of the studies was low. Conclusions: Long-term, health-related quality of life is compromised among intensive care unit survivors compared with the corresponding general population. However, it is not significantly affected by the occurrence of sepsis, delirium, and acute kidney injury during intensive care unit admission when compared with that of critically ill patient control groups. High-quality studies are necessary to quantify the health-related quality of life among intensive care unit survivors.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar o conhecimento dos profissionais da equipe multiprofissional sobre mobilização precoce em pacientes graves adultos, e identificar atitudes e barreiras percebidas para sua realização. Métodos: Estudo transversal realizado com médicos, profissionais de enfermagem e fisioterapeutas de seis unidades de terapia intensiva de dois hospitais de ensino no segundo semestre de 2016. Foram indicadas respostas com uma escala Likert de 5 pontos, as quais foram registradas como proporção de profissionais concordantes e discordantes. Teste do qui quadrado e exato de Fisher foram usados para determinar diferenças nas respostas por nível de formação, experiência prévia com mobilização precoce e anos de experiência em unidade de terapia intensiva. Resultados: Responderam o questionário 98 de 514 profissionais (taxa de resposta de 19%). Os benefícios da mobilização precoce reconhecidos foram manutenção da força muscular (53%) e redução no tempo de ventilação mecânica (83%). Atitudes favoráveis à mobilização precoce foram consentir que seus benefícios em pacientes sob ventilação mecânica superassem os riscos relacionados aos pacientes e à equipe; que a mobilização precoce deveria ocorrer rotineiramente por meio de protocolos de enfermagem e fisioterapia; e em alterar os parâmetros da ventilação mecânica e reduzir a sedação dos pacientes, para facilitar a mobilização precoce. As principais barreiras identificadas foram indisponibilidade de profissionais e tempo para a mobilização precoce, excesso de sedação, delirium, risco de autolesão musculoesquelética e excesso de estresse no trabalho. Conclusão: Os profissionais conhecem os benefícios da mobilização precoce e reconhecem atitudes que tornam favorável sua realização. Entretanto, aplicar a mobilização precoce foi percebida como desafiador, principalmente pela indisponibilidade de profissionais e tempo para a mobilização precoce, sedação, delirium, risco de autolesão musculoesquelética e excesso de estresse no trabalho.

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the knowledge of multi-professional staff members about the early mobilization of critically ill adult patients and identify attitudes and perceived barriers to its application. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted during the second semester of 2016 with physicians, nursing professionals and physical therapists from six intensive care units at two teaching hospitals. Questions were answered on a 5-point Likert scale and analyzed as proportions of professionals who agreed or disagreed with statements. The chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were used to investigate differences in the responses according to educational/training level, previous experience with early mobilization and years of experience in intensive care units. Results: The questionnaire was answered by 98 out of 514 professionals (response rate: 19%). The acknowledged benefits of early mobilization were maintenance of muscle strength (53%) and shortened length of mechanical ventilation (83%). Favorable attitudes toward early mobilization included recognition that its benefits for patients under mechanical ventilation exceed the risks for both patients and staff, that early mobilization should be routinely performed via nursing and physical therapy protocols, and readiness to change the parameters of mechanical ventilation and reduce sedation to facilitate the early mobilization of patients. The main barriers mentioned were the unavailability of professionals and time to mobilize patients, excessive sedation, delirium, risk of musculoskeletal self-injury and excessive stress at work. Conclusion: The participants were aware of the benefits of early mobilization and manifested attitudes favorable to its application. However, the actual performance of early mobilization was perceived as a challenge, mainly due to the lack of professionals and time, excessive sedation, delirium, risk of musculoskeletal self-injury and excessive stress at work.

OBJECTIVES: To assess early mobilization practices of mechanically ventilated patients in southern Brazilian intensive care units (ICUs) and to identify barriers associated with early mobilization and possible complications. METHODS: A prospective, observational, multicenter, 1-day point-prevalence study was conducted across 11 ICUs and included all mechanically ventilated adult patients. Hospital and ICU characteristics and patients’ demographic data, the highest level of mobilization achieved in the 24 hours prior to the survey and related barriers, and complications that occurred during mobilization were collected in the hospital and the ICU. RESULTS: A total of 140 patients were included with a mean age of 57±17 years. The median and interquartile range was 7 (3-17) days for the length of ICU stay to the day of the survey and 7 (3-16) days for the duration of mechanical ventilation (MV). The 8-level mobilization scale was classified into two categories: 126 patients (90%) remained in bed (level 1-3) and 14 (10%) were mobilized out of bed (level 4-8). Among patients with an endotracheal tube, tracheostomy, and noninvasive ventilation, 2%, 23%, and 50% were mobilized out of bed, respectively (p<0.001 for differences among the three groups). Weakness (20%), cardiovascular instability (19%), and sedation (18%) were the most commonly observed barriers to achieving a higher level of mobilization. No complications were reported. CONCLUSIONS: In southern Brazilian ICUs, the prevalence of patient mobilization was low, with only 10% of all mechanically ventilated patients and only 2% of patients with an endotracheal tube mobilized out of bed as part of routine care.

OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to evaluate systemic inflammatory factors and their relation to success or failure in a spontaneous ventilation test. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included a sample of 54 adult patients. Demographic data and clinical parameters were collected, and blood samples were collected in the first minute of the spontaneous ventilation test to evaluate interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10, tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and C-reactive protein. RESULTS: Patients who experienced extubation failure presented a lower rapid shallow breathing index than those who passed, and these patients also showed a significant increase in C-reactive protein 48 hours after extubation. We observed, moreover, that each unit increase in inflammatory factors led to a higher risk of spontaneous ventilation test failure, with a risk of 2.27 (1.001 - 4.60, p=0.049) for TNFα, 2.23 (1.06 - 6.54, p=0.037) for IL-6, 2.66 (1.06 - 6.70, p=0.037) for IL-8 and 2.08 (1.01 - 4.31, p=0.04) for IL-10, and the rapid shallow breathing index was correlated with IL-1 (r=-0.51, p=0.04). CONCLUSIONS: C-reactive protein is increased in patients who fail the spontaneous ventilation test, and increased ILs are associated with a greater prevalence of failure in this process; the rapid shallow breathing index may not be effective in patients who present systemic inflammation.