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Hierarchical pedotransfer functions for predicting bulk density in Brazilian soils
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Reis, Aline Mari Huf dos

; Teixeira, Wenceslau Geraldes

; Fontana, Ademir

; Barros, Alexandre Hugo Cezar

; Victoria, Daniel de Castro

; Vasques, Gustavo Mattos

; Samuel-Rosa, Alessandro

; Ottoni, Marta Vasconcelos

; Monteiro, José Eduardo Boffino de Almeida

Scientia Agricola

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2024, Volume 81 elocation e20220255

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Bulk density (BD) is a soil physical property used as a soil quality indicator and variations in this measurement influence soil water content and carbon stock estimates. This study aims to compile a database of samples of bulk density, textural fractions, and organic carbon values, as well as evaluate the accuracy of published pedotransfer functions (PTF) that predict bulk density, and propose a hierarchical PTF to predict the bulk density of Brazilian Soils. The performance of eleven PTFs and the newly proposed PTFs were evaluated and compared using the root mean square error (RMSE) and coefficient of determination (R2) based on a testing soil database collected from the literature. We noticed a slight improvement in accuracy when organic carbon and coarse and fine sand fractions were included as predictors alongside silt and clay. The best results with existing PTFs were obtained by PTF-A in Tomasella and Hodnett (1998) (RMSE = 0.20 g cm–3) and PTF-F in Benites et al. (2007) (RMSE = 0.17 g cm–3). Our proposed PTFs use textural fractions and organic carbon as predictors in a hierarchical form. The proposed PTF-4, which uses fine sand, coarse sand, clay, and organic carbon, presented the lowest value for RMSE (0.14 g cm–3) for BD prediction.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-992x-2022-0255

Prospects for Developing Low-Cost Optical Fiber Sensors for Liquid-Liquid Interface Detection
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Góis, Raoni de Freitas

; Calvalcanti, Gustavo Oliveira

; Fontana, Eduardo

Journal of Microwaves, Optoelectronics and Electromagnetic Applications

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sep 2022, Volume 21 N. 3 Pages 338 - 350

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract This work examines the prospects of a low-cost retroreflection optical sensor system for detection of the interface between two immiscible liquids, for applications in oil separation tanks. The sensor in its simplest configuration comprises a bare fiber optic tip, cleaved at an angle of 90º relative to the longitudinal fiber axis. The device tested experimentally is based on a 2x2 bidirectional coupler, which connects the sensor tip to a laser and two photodetectors, one used to measure the signal and the other as a reference. From experiments conducted in a laboratory wateroil system, the measured retro-reflected signal was very small, and of the same order as the differential signal due to low optical contrast liquids. To overcome this difficulty, the detection system was designed with an amplification stage, followed by filtering of the digitally converted signal. With this strategy, an accuracy of 99.7% was reached. On the light of the performance measured by the bare fiber tip configuration, an analysis on the potential improvement in performance obtained, by applying a thin layer of gold to the tip of the sensor, was made. Simulated results indicated that, for an optimized gold film, 13 nm thick, a 13fold improvement in the sensor detection limit is obtained.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-10742022v21i3262597

Characterization of Otto Chips by Particle Swarm Optimization
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Silva, Adonias Luna Pereira da

; Oliveira, Sérgio Campello

; Cavalcanti, Gustavo Oliveira

; Almeida Neto, Manoel Alves de

; Santos, Maria Renata Nascimento dos

; Llamas-Garro, Ignacio

; Kim, Jung-Mu

; Fernandes, Gabriel de Freitas

; Fontana, Eduardo

Journal of Microwaves, Optoelectronics and Electromagnetic Applications

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mar 2021, Volume 20 N. 1 Pages 158 - 172

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Recently a surface plasmon resonance (SPR) optical sensor, based on the Otto configuration — the Otto chip — has been developed. One essential step in the quality control of the fabrication process is characterization of the active region of several devices in a batch. Characterization is done by measuring the angular spectrum of the optical re ectance on several points across the active region of the device, and determining parameters by regression analysis of the data. Traditional gradient methods used in the regression process are extremely dependent on an initial guess and are not very efficient for batch analysis of curves, when those include poorly defined SPR spectra, where an initial guess may be hard to infer. An alternative approach for the regression problem is to model the analysis as an optimization problem and using an efficient stochastic algorithm. In this paper one discusses the use of Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) for characterization of Otto chip devices. From comparative studies carried out in an existing Otto chip, it is observed that PSO can be a very efficient approach for batch analysis and yields better results when compared with the traditional gradient-based regression method.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-10742021v20i11092 300 downloads

Performance of maize hybrids as a function of spatial arrangements during second growth season under irrigation
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Graffitti, Matheus Santos

; Umburanas, Renan Caldas

; Fontana, Daniele Cristina

; Pilau, Felipe Gustavo

; Reichardt, Klaus

; Dourado Neto, Durval

Bragantia

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2021, Volume 80 elocation e2321

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT There is little information on how different spatial arrangements affect modern maize hybrids under irrigation in the maize second growing season in Brazil. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the performance of maize genotypes with different canopy architecture as a function of different spatial arrangements in the Southeast Brazil. Two maize hybrids with semi-erect (DKB 390) and erect (DKB 230) leaves were cultivated during the second season and evaluated for different plant densities (4, 7 and 10 × 104 plants?ha?1) and row spacings (0.25, 0.50 and 1.00 m), under irrigation in a tropical environment. The increase in plant density increased plant height and ear insertion height, but reduced stalk diameter. The absorbed photosynthetically active radiation and the leaf area index also increased in higher plant densities, with a reduction of the SPAD index. The increase in plant density enhanced grain yield, however, there was no difference of yield between different row spacings. The hybrid DKB 230 (upright leaves) showed greater yield potential compared to DKB 390 (semi-upright leaves). The critical leaf area index was 5.2 and 4.3 for the hybrids DKB 230 and DKB 390, respectively. The estimated plant density that provides the maximum yield are 9.7 × 104 and 8.8 × 104 plants?ha?1 for the hybrids DKB 230 and DKB 390, respectively.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4499.20200498 348 downloads

Assessment of clinical and epidemiological characteristics of patients with and without sepsis in intensive care units of a tertiary hospital
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Morello, Luis Gustavo

; Dalla-Costa, Líbera Maria

; Fontana, Rafael Mialski

; Netto, Ana Cristina Schmidt de Oliveira

; Petterle, Ricardo Rasmussen

; Conte, Danieli

; Pereira, Luciane Aparecida

; Krieger, Marco Aurélio

; Raboni, Sonia Mara

einstein (São Paulo)

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2019, Volume 17 N. 2 elocation eAO4476

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Objetivo Descrever as características clínicas e epidemiológicas de pacientes com sepse e sem sepse em unidades de cuidados intensivos de um hospital público. Métodos Estudo transversal realizado de maio de 2012 a abril de 2013. Os dados clínicos e laboratoriais de pacientes com sepse e sem sepse das unidades de terapia intensiva foram revisados a partir dos prontuários médicos. Resultados Avaliamos 466 pacientes, 58% homens, mediana de idade 40 anos; sendo 146 (31%) diagnosticados com sepse. A mortalidade global foi 20%, e significativamente maior para pacientes com sepse (39%). Os fatores associados à mortalidade em unidade de terapia intensiva foram a presença de sepse (OR: 6,1, IC95%: 3,7-10,5), idade (OR: 3,6, IC95%: 1,4-7,2) e tempo de internação (OR: 0,96, IC95%: 0,94-0,98). As infecções pulmonares (49%) e intra-abdominais (20%) foram os focos mais comumente identificados, e os estafilococos coagulase-negativa e bacilos entéricos Gram-negativos foram os patógenos isolados mais frequentes (66%). Conclusão Embora o impacto da sepse sobre a mortalidade esteja relacionado às características clínicas e epidemiológicas dos pacientes, uma avaliação crítica desses dados é importante, pois permitirá a implementação direta de políticas locais para gerenciar este grave problema de saúde pública.

ABSTRACT Objective To describe the clinical and epidemiological features of patients with and without sepsis at critical care units of a public hospital. Methods A cross-sectional study was carried out from May 2012 to April 2013. Clinical and laboratory data of patients with and without sepsis in the intensive care units were reviewed of medical records. Results We evaluated 466 patients, 58% were men, median age was 40 years, and 146 (31%) of them were diagnosed with sepsis. The overall mortality was 20% being significantly higher for patients with sepsis (39%). The factors associated with intensive care unit mortality were the presence of sepsis (OR: 6.1, 95%CI: 3.7-10.5), age (OR: 3.6, 95%CI: 1.4-7.2), and length of hospital stay (OR: 0.96, 95%CI: 0.94-0.98). Pulmonary (49%) and intra-abdominal (20%) infections were most commonly identified sites, and coagulase-negative staphylococci and enteric Gram negative bacilli the most frequent (66%) pathogens isolated. Conclusion Although the impact of sepsis on mortality is related to patients’ clinical and epidemiological characteristics, a critical evaluation of these data is important since they will allow the direct implementation of local policies for managing this serious public health problem.

https://doi.org/10.31744/einstein_journal/2019ao4476 2621 downloads

Fe de errores a «Creación de un Currículo de Competencias en Cariología para Estudiantes de Pregrado de Odontología en Chile»
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Giacaman, Rodrigo A.

; Aranguiz, Vicente

; Botelho, Juliana

; Bustos, Ivonne P.

; Cabello, Rodrigo

; Candiales, Yuliana

; Carrizo, Ana María

; Carvajal, Claudia

; Castro, Ramiro

; Castro, René

; Díaz, Jaime

; Díaz-Yokens, Marco

; Díaz-Dosque, Mario

; Diaz-Garrido, Natalia

; Durán, Gerardo

; Faleiros, Simone

; Flores, Mario

; Fonseca, Juan

; Fontana, Margherita

; Gajardo, Manuel

; Gómez, Marianela

; Gonzalez-Cabezas, Carlos

; González, Sergio

; Irribarra, Roberto

; Jara, Gisela

; León, Soraya

; Marró, María Loreto

; Mautz, Claudia

; Mustakis, Alexandra

; Onetto, Juan Eduardo

; Ortiz, María Eugenia

; Pérez, Darwin

; Pérez, Vidal

; Ramírez, Valeria

; Rodríguez, Gonzalo

; Rojas, Valeria

; Ruiz, Begoña

; Silva, Alfredo

; Urzúa, Iván

; Valle, Carolina del

; Zaror, Carlos

; Moncada, Gustavo

Revista clínica de periodoncia, implantología y rehabilitación oral

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aug 2018, Volume 11 N. 2 Pages 129 - 129

Abstract: Es | Text: Es | PDF: Es

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Creación de un Currículo de Competencias en Cariología para Estudiantes de Pregrado de Odontología en Chile.
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Giacaman, Rodrigo A.

; Aranguiz, Vicente

; Botelho, Juliana

; Bustos, Ivonne P.

; Cabello, Rodrigo

; Candiales, Yuliana

; Carrizo, Ana María

; Carvajal, Claudia

; Castro, Ramiro

; Castro, René

; Díaz, Jaime

; Díaz-Yokens, Marco

; Díaz-Dosque, Mario

; Diaz-Garrido, Natalia

; Durán, Gerardo

; Faleiros, Simone

; Flores, Mario

; Fonseca, Juan

; Fontana, Margherita

; Gajardo, Manuel

; Gómez, Marianela

; Gonzalez-Cabezas, Carlos

; González, Sergio

; Irribarra, Roberto

; Jara, Gisela

; León, Soraya

; Marró, María Loreto

; Mautz, Claudia

; Mustakis, Alexandra

; Onetto, Juan Eduardo

; Ortiz, María Eugenia

; Pérez, Darwin

; Pérez, Vidal

; Ramírez, Valeria

; Rodríguez, Gonzalo

; Rojas, Valeria

; Ruiz, Begoña

; Silva, Alfredo

; Urzúa, Iván

; Valle, Carolina del

; Zaror, Carlos

; Moncada, Gustavo

Revista clínica de periodoncia, implantología y rehabilitación oral

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apr 2018, Volume 11 N. 1 Pages 58 - 68

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

ABSTRACT: Objective: Development of a minimum set of competencies in Cariology that every dentist graduated from a Dental School in Chile must have. Methodology: Starting from a meeting of scholars from the Universities of Talca and Chile (year 2011), an initial proposal for a curriculum was developed, based on the domains proposed by the European Cariology Curriculum (Schulte, et al, 2011). During 2016, this proposal was discussed through online dialogues and working groups, with the participation of 95.2% of the Chilean dental schools, which resulted in an intermediate document. This document was analyzed, discussed and refined during the Workshop for the Development of a Curriculum of Minimum Competencies in Cariology for Chilean Dental Schools (May 22, 2017, Talca, organized by the Universities of Talca and Chile) with the attendance of representatives from 95.2% of the Chilean dental schools, the Chilean Ministry of Health, Chilean College od Dentists and with the assistance of the professors of Cariology Margherita Fontana and Carlos González-Cabezas (University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, USA). Each working group revised the document and provided feedback, which was incorporated in the final document by an advisory committee, elected on the day of the workshop, including the authors of the present article. Results: The Cariology Curriculum was organized in 5 Domains: 1. Basic knowledge; 2. Risk assessment, caries diagnosis and caries lesion detection; 3. Decision-making and non-operative preventive treatment; 4. Decision making and operative treatment; and 5. Evidence-based, clinical and public health practice. Operational definitions, main competencies and sub-competencies for each domain were agreed. Sub-competencies were classified into three levels: A: Be competent in; B: Have knowledge about, and C: Be familiar with. The final document was sent to all the participants of the workshop for dissemination in each of the institutions involved. Conclusions: The development of the Competency-based Curriculum in Cariology for undergraduate dental students at Chilean universities was achieved through consensus.

RESUMEN: Objetivo: Creación de un currículo de competencias mínimas en Cariología, para la formación de los Cirujano-Dentistas egresados de las escuelas de Odontología de Chile. Metodologías: A partir de una reunión de académicos de las Universidades de Talca y de Chile (año 2011), se elaboró una propuesta de currículo inicial, basado en los dominios propuestos por la Unión Europea (Schulte AG y cols). Durante el año 2016, dicha propuesta fue analizada mediante diálogos digitales y grupos de trabajo, con la participación del 96% de las Escuelas de Odontología existentes en el país, que concluyeron en un documento intermedio. Este documento fue analizado, discutido y perfeccionado durante el Taller para el Desarrollo de un Currículo de Competencias Mínimas en Cariología para las Escuelas de Odontología Chilenas (22/Mayo/2017, Talca, organizado por la Universidad de Talca y la Universidad de Chile) con la asistencia de representantes del 96% de las escuelas dentales chilenas, Ministerio de Salud de Chile, Colegio de Cirujano-Dentistas de Chile y con la asesoría de los profesores de Cariología Dres. Margherita Fontana y Carlos González-Cabezas (Universidad de Michigan, Ann Arbor, EEUU). Cada grupo de trabajo revisó el documento y envió nuevos comentarios, los que fueron incorporados en el documento final por una comisión asesora. Resultados: El documento del Currículo en Cariología se organizó en 5 Dominios: 1. Conocimientos base; 2. Determinación de Riesgo, diagnóstico de caries y detección de lesiones de caries; 3. Toma de decisiones y manejo preventivo no operatorio; 4. Toma de decisiones y manejo operatorio y 5. Cariología basada en la evidencia, en la práctica clínica y de salud pública. Se consensuaron las definiciones operacionales, las competencias principales y las sub-competencias para cada uno de los dominios. Las sub-competencias fueron clasificadas en tres niveles: A: Ser competente en; B: Tener conocimientos sobre y C: Estar familiarizado con. El documento final fue enviado a todos los participantes del taller para su aprobación y difusión en cada una de las instituciones involucradas. Conclusiones: Se logró, por medio de consenso, la construcción del Currículo de Competencias mínimas en Cariología para estudiantes de pregrado de Odontología en las universidades chilenas.

2004 downloads

Helicopter emergency medical rescue for the traumatized: experience in the metropolitan region of Campinas, Brazil
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Cardoso, Ricardo Galesso

; Francischini, Carina Fontana

; Ribera, Jorge Michel

; Vanzetto, Ricardo

; Fraga, Gustavo Pereira

Revista do Colégio Brasileiro de Cirurgiões

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aug 2014, Volume 41 N. 4 Pages 236 - 244

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

OBJETIVO: analisar o perfil de doentes atendidos pelo sistema de resgate aeromédico na Região Metropolitana de Campinas, avaliando critérios de triagem e acionamento; tempo-resposta, tempo de atendimento e de transporte; procedimentos invasivos realizados no APH; gravidade dos doentes; morbidade e mortalidade.MÉTODOS: estudo prospectivo descritivo, no qual foram analisados prontuários e fichas médicas de pacientes atendidos entre julho de 2010 e dezembro de 2012. Nesse período, 242 vítimas foram levadas ao HC-Unicamp. Dos 242 pacientes, 22 foram excluídos do estudo.RESULTADOS: dos 220 casos avaliados, 173 (78,6%) eram do sexo masculino, com média de idade de 32 anos. O trauma contuso foi o mais prevalente (207 casos - 94,1%), sendo os mecanismos de trauma mais frequentes os acidentes de motocicleta (66 casos - 30%) e colisões automobilísticas (51 casos - 23,2%). O tempo-resposta médio foi 10 ± 4 minutos e tempo total de pré-hospitalar teve média de 42 ± 11 minutos. Os valores médios dos índices de trauma foram: RTS = 6,2 ± 2,2; ISS = 19,2 ± 12,6; e TRISS = 0.78 ± 0.3. Intubação orotraqueal no pré-hospitalar foi realizada em 77 casos (35%) e 43 doentes (19,5%) tinham RTS de 7,84 e ISSd"9, sendo classificados como "supertriados". Do total de pacientes admitidos, a mortalidade foi 15,9% (35 casos).CONCLUSÃO: estudos de resgate aeromédico no Brasil são necessários devido aos investimentos realizados no pré-hospitalar num país sem sistema de trauma organizado. O elevado índice de supertriagem encontrado evidencia a necessidade de aperfeiçoamento dos critérios de triagem e acionamento.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the profile of patients served by the air medical rescue system in the Metropolitan Region of Campinas, evaluating: triage and mobilization criteria; response time; on-site care and transport time; invasive procedures performed in the Pre-Hospital Care (PHC); severity of patients; morbidity and mortality.METHODS: We conducted a prospective, descriptive study in which we analyzed medical records of patients rescued between July 2010 and December 2012. During this period, 242 victims were taken to the HC-Unicamp. Of the 242 patients, 22 were excluded from the study.RESULTS: of the 220 cases evaluated, 173 (78.6%) were male, with a mean age of 32 years. Blunt trauma was the most prevalent (207 cases - 94.1%), motorcycle accidents being the most common mechanisms of injury (66 cases - 30%), followed by motor vehicle collisions (51 cases - 23.2%). The average response time was 10 ± 4 minutes and the averaged total pre-hospital time was 42 ± 11 minutes. The mean values of the trauma indices were: RTS = 6.2 ± 2.2; ISS = 19.2 ± 12.6; and TRISS = 0.78 ± 0.3. Tracheal intubation in the pre-hospital environment was performed in 77 cases (35%); 43 patients (19.5%) had RTS of 7.84 and ISSd"9, being classified as over-triaged. Of all patients admitted, the mortality was 15.9% (35 cases).CONCLUSION: studies of air medical rescue in Brazil are required due to the investments made in the pre-hospital care in a country without an organized trauma system. The high rate of over-triage found highlights the need to improve the triage and mobilization criteria.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0100-69912014004003 8425 downloads

Aceitação sensorial e caracterização de frozen yogurt de leite de cabra com adição de cultura probiótica e prebiótico
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Alves, Larissa de Lima

; Richards, Neila Silvia Pereira dos Santos

; Becker, Larissa Vargas

; Andrade, Diego Fontana de

; Milani, Liana Inês Guidolin

; Rezer, Ana Paula de Souza

; Scipioni, Gustavo Callegari

Ciência Rural

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dec 2009, Volume 39 N. 9 Pages 2595 - 2600

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

O leite de cabra é recomendado para pessoas intolerantes ao leite de vaca e/ou portadoras de desordens gastrintestinais. frozen yogurt elaborado a partir de iogurte de leite de cabra foi acrescido de 1% de prebiótico (inulina), 0,25% de cultura starter (Streptococcus thermophilus e Lactobacillus bulgaricus) e 0,25% de cultura probiótica (Bifidobacterium animalis e Lactobacillus acidophilus) para verificar seu potencial probiótico (após sete e 120 dias de armazenamento), sua qualidade físico-química e sua aceitação sensorial. Durante a estocagem, houve redução de células viáveis da flora microbiana, principalmente dos probióticos. Ainda assim, o produto apresenta potencialidade probiótica pela soma de B. animalis e L. acidophilus atingir o mínimo desejável até o fim do armazenamento. Os valores de extrato seco total (26,6±0,2%), proteína (3,0±0,2), gordura (2,6±0,1%), pH (5,5±0,01) e ácido láctico (0,2±0,01%) encontram-se semelhantes aos relatados em outros trabalhos para o mesmo produto. A avaliação sensorial foi realizada por 50 provadores não treinados em teste com escala hedônica de sete níveis e intenção de compra. O produto recebeu bons escores para aparência global, cor, aroma e sabor; já textura e sabor residual obtiveram menores índices de aceitação. Na intenção de compra, 61% dos avaliadores declararam que comprariam o produto, contra 39% que não comprariam. Nessas condições, demonstra-se a viabilidade de elaboração de frozen yogurt de leite caprino acrescido de pre- e probióticos.

Goat's milk is recommended for people afflicted with cow milk intolerance and gastro-intestinal disorders. frozen yogurt was elaborated with 1% prebiotic (inulin), 0.25% starter culture (Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus) and 0.25% probiotic culture (Bifidobacterium animalis and Lactobacillus acidophilus) to verify probiotic potential (after 7 and 120 days of storage), physical-chemical quality and sensorial acceptance. During storage viable cells were reduced, mainly probiotic bacteria. Nevertheless, the product showed probiotic potential because of B. animalis and L. acidophilus sum, which reached the minimum desirable until the end of storage. Values of total dry matter (26.6±0.2%), protein (3.0±0.3%), fat (2.6±0.1%), pH (5.5±0.01) and acid lactic (0.2±0.01%) were similar to those descript by other researches for the same product. Sensorial evaluation was realized by 50 untrained panelists, with a 7- point hedonic scale and intention to purchase. The product received good scores for global appearance, color, aroma and taste. Texture and residual taste had lower acceptance rates. The intent to purchase showed that 61% of panelists asserted to buy the product against 39%, who would not buy it. Accordingly, this research showed the feasibility of elaborating the goat's milk frozen yogurt with addition of pre- and probiotics.

7601 downloads Cited 2 times in SciELO

10.

Simulação da dinâmica do carbono e nitrogênio em um Argissolo do Rio Grande do Sul usando modelo Century
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Bortolon, Elisandra Solange Oliveira

; Mielniczuk, João

; Tornquist, Carlos Gustavo

; Lopes, Fabíola

; Fernandes, Flavia Fontana

Revista Brasileira de Ciência do Solo

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dec 2009, Volume 33 N. 6 Pages 1635 - 1646

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Diversas pesquisas têm mostrado desempenho satisfatório do modelo Century no estudo da dinâmica da matéria orgânica do solo (MOS) nas condições edafoclimáticas do Rio Grande do Sul, porém os estoques de N do solo são normalmente superestimados. O objetivo deste estudo foi ajustar parâmetros do modelo Century em relação ao ciclo do N, para torná-lo uma ferramenta útil no estudo da dinâmica do N em nosso meio. As simulações foram realizadas com dados experimentais de um estudo de longa duração instalado em 1985 em um Argissolo Vermelho distrófico da EEA-UFRGS, em Eldorado do Sul (RS). A inicialização do modelo consistiu na entrada de dados de solo, clima e ajuste de variáveis locais relacionadas à adição de N por fixação não simbiótica e parâmetros relativos a perdas de N por volatilização e relação C/N de resíduos de culturas que entram nos compartimentos lento e passivo da MOS. O modelo foi executado por um período de 6.000 anos nas condições do bioma de campos nativos do Sul do Brasil (bioma mesic/subhumid grassland), para obtenção dos estoques estáveis do C orgânico total (COT) e N total (NT) do solo e dos compartimentos de C e N do solo. Com o modelo assim ajustado, simularam-se oito tratamentos (dois tipos de preparo de solo, dois sistemas de cultura e duas doses de N mineral em fatorial 2 x 2 x 2) selecionados do experimento, conforme o histórico d estudo, alterando-se o parâmetro de cultivo CLTEFF(2) (multiplicador para decomposição do compartimento lento), o qual dependeu do potencial de adição de C pelas culturas e do grau de revolvimento do solo. Adicionalmente, foi acrescentado às sequências de eventos de manejo de solo sob preparo convencional um "efeito adicional de cultivo", persistindo por dois meses após cada evento de revolvimento do solo. Esse prolongamento do efeito do revolvimento do solo permitiu melhor ajuste da dinâmica do C no solo sob sistema de preparo convencional, pois refletiu a maior decomposição da MOS observada nas condições locais. De maneira geral, a aplicação do modelo Century com a parametrização proposta demonstrou bom ajuste das estimativas de COT e NT em relação aos valores observados em 1998, evidenciando que o modelo C tem potencial para ser utilizado no planejamento e na definição de estratégias de manejo de solo.

Several studies have shown the satisfactory performance of the Century Model to study soil organic matter (SOM) for the climatic and edaphic conditions of Rio Grande do Sul. However, soil N stocks were usually overestimated in these simulations. The objective of this study was to parameterize the N cycle submodel of Century for a successful use in N dynamic studies in Southern Brazil. For the simulations, data from a long-term study site established in an Acrisol (Argissolo Vermelho distrófico) at EEA-UFRGS (Eldorado Agricultural Experiment Station - UFRGS) in 1985 were used. The initial parameterization included soil and climate properties, non-symbiotic N fixation inputs, N losses by volatilization and C/N ratios of plant residues that enter the slow and passive N pools of SOM. Century was run for a simulation period of 6,000 years to determine the steady state of soil total carbon and nitrogen stocks and the C and N soil compartments for conditions of Southern Brazilian grasslands (mesic biome/subhumid grassland). Subsequently, eight selected treatments (conventional and no-tillage managements, two crop systems and two N levels in factorial combination) were simulated according to historical soil management data, with appropriate changes in the cultivation parameter CLTEFF(2) (slow pool decomposition multiplier), which was affected by crop C inputs and tilling intensity. Additionally, an "enhanced cultivation effect" was included for two months after each plowing event in the conventional soil management schedules. This extension of the tilling effect resulted in a better adjustment of the soil C dynamics in the case of the conventional tillage system, reflecting the higher soil organic matter decomposition under the local conditions. In general, the estimates of the model with the above-mentioned parameterization agreed well with the field data measured in 1998. This indicates the Century model as a feasible tool for the planning and establishment of soil management strategies.

3790 downloads Cited 2 times in SciELO

11.

Avaliação ergonômica do posto de trabalho de modelos de "forwarder" e "skidder"
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Fontana, Gustavo

; Seixas, Fernando

Revista Árvore

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feb 2007, Volume 31 N. 1 Pages 71 - 81

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

O processo de mecanização florestal no Brasil envolve, muitas vezes, o uso de máquinas adaptadas ou importadas de países com operadores com diferentes características antropométricas. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo realizar a avaliação ergonômica da cabine de seis modelos de máquinas florestais utilizadas na extração de madeira (quatro "forwarders" e dois "skidders"), quanto ao posicionamento de comandos e instrumentos, com base nas características antropométricas de um conjunto de operadores brasileiros. Foram estudados os seguintes tratores: "forwarders" Timberjack modelos 1210B e 1710D, Valmet 890.2 e Volvo A25C, além dos "skidders" Caterpillar 545 e Tigercat 630 B. Para avaliação do posicionamento dos órgãos de comando foram determinadas as distâncias destes mesmos a partir do Ponto de Referência do Assento nas três dimensões (x, y e z), além de uma avaliação qualitativa com os operadores dos tratores florestais em estudo, que, através de notas, manifestaram sua satisfação com relação à localização dos comandos e outras variáveis ergonômicas. A avaliação antropométrica dos operadores foi feita por duas medidas, uma em pé e outra por meio de uma cadeira especial desenvolvida pela Fundacentro, obtendo-se, a partir dela, as áreas de máximo e ótimo acesso quanto à localização dos órgãos de comando. Concluiu-se que a melhor máquina, quanto ao posicionamento de comandos, foi o "forwarder" Valmet 890.2, seguido pelo "skidder" Caterpillar 545, sendo os únicos tratores que apresentaram mais da metade dos comandos bem posicionados, 66,7 e 54,5%, respectivamente. Os resultados deste estudo demonstraram um projeto ergonômico da disposição de comandos nas cabines dos tratores florestais não muito favorável ao conjunto de operadores brasileiros analisados.

The logging mechanization process in Brazil means, most of the time, the use of adapted or imported machines from countries where the operators have different anthropometric characteristics. The objective of this work was the cab evaluation of four forwarders and two skidders, considering the position of commands and instruments and the operator visual area, based on the anthropometrics characteristics of a sample of Brazilians operators. The following machines were studied: forwarders Timberjack models 1210B and 1710D, Valmet 890.2 and Volvo A25C, and also the skidders Caterpillar 545 and Tigercat 630 B. The command position was determined in three dimensions (x, y and z), considering the operator's seat reference point as the origin. A qualitative evaluation with the operators was also carried out, showing their satisfaction with several ergonomic factors related with the forest machines. The operator anthropometric evaluation was performed using a special chair developed by the Fundacentro, resulting in areas of maximum and excellent access of command position. The machine presenting the best command positions, according to the biotype of the operator sample, was the forwarder Valmet 890.2, followed by the skidder Caterpillar 545, being the only tractors showing more than half of commands well positioned, 66.7% and 54.5% respectively. The results of this study demonstrated that, in terms of command position, the ergonomic design of these machines was not very favorable to the set of analyzed Brazilians operators.

8876 downloads Cited 5 times in SciELO

12.

Análise comparativa de sensores de velocidade de deslocamento em função da superfície
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Molin, José P.

; Souza, Adriano B. M.

; Fontana, Gustavo

; Nagumo, Gustavo K.

Engenharia Agrícola

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dec 2005, Volume 25 N. 3 Pages 768 - 773

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Um dos fatores que influencia diretamente no desempenho de sistemas mecanizados é a velocidade de deslocamento pela sua importância no planejamento e na execução das operações agrícolas. O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a acurácia de quatro sensores de velocidade, em condições de superfície asfáltica, solo com cobertura vegetal, aclives e declives, acelerações e desacelerações, submetidos a velocidades representativas para aplicações agrícolas. Foram ensaiados dois modelos comerciais de sensores de radar, um sensor de GPS e um sensor óptico. Foram identificadas diferenças significativas para as situações de solo com cobertura vegetal, acelerações e desacelerações. Para a superfície asfáltica, em situação de velocidade constante, os sensores avaliados não apresentaram desempenho com diferença significativa. Os sensores tipo radar demonstraram ser influenciados pela superfície com cobertura vegetal. Na superfície asfáltica, sob condições de aceleração e desaceleração, o sensor de GPS apresentou retardo nos valores de velocidade quando comparado com os demais.

One of the factors that influence directly the performance of mechanized systems is the forward speed that is important on planning and managing agricultural operations. The objective of this work was to evaluate the accuracy of four speed sensors, on paved road, vegetated surface, hills, increasing and reducing representative speeds for agricultural applications. Two commercial radars, a GPS sensor and an optical sensor were tested. For the paved road surface, under constant speed, no significant differences were observed on the performance. Radars were influenced by the vegetated surface. On paved road and under acceleration and deceleration the GPS sensor presented delay on its speed values when compared with the other sensors.

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13.

Anencefalia: um estudo epidemiológico de treze anos na cidade de Pelotas
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Fernández, Ricardo Ramires

; Larentis, Daniela Zílio

; Fontana, Tiago

; Jaeger, Gustavo Pêgas

; Moreira, Patrick Botelho

; Garcias, Gilberto de Lima

; Roth, Maria da Graça Martino

Ciência & Saúde Coletiva

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mar 2005, Volume 10 N. 1 Pages 185 - 190

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

A anencefalia é a forma letal mais comum dentre as anomalias do SNC. Apesar dos casos isolados, a anencefalia parece ser de causa multifatorial. Este defeito ocorre devido a um não fechamento da extremidade anterior do sulco neural. Este trabalho, que tem como objetivo estudar a freqüência, a etiologia e os fatores predisponentes desta malformação, é um estudo de caso-controle de base populacional que abrange todos os nascimentos ocorridos nas cinco maternidades da cidade de Pelotas, durante o período de 1º de janeiro de 1990 a 31 de dezembro de 2002.

The anencephaly is the most common lethal form among the CNS anomalies. Although isolated cases occur, the anencephaly seems to be caused by multiple factors. This malformation result from closure defects of the anterior neural sulk, during embryonic development. The aim of this study was analyze the frequency, etiology, and the risk factors of this congenital malformation. This population-based case-control study range all births occurred in five maternities of Pelotas city from January, 1st 1990 to December, 12 2002.

2586 downloads Cited 4 times in SciELO

14.

Anencefalia: um estudo epidemiológico de treze anos na cidade de Pelotas
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Fernández, Ricardo Ramires

; Larentis, Daniela Zílio

; Fontana, Tiago

; Jaeger, Gustavo Pêgas

; Moreira, Patrick Botelho

; Garcias, Gilberto de Lima

; Roth, Maria da Graça Martino

Ciência & Saúde Coletiva

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mar 2005, Volume 10 N. 1 Pages 185 - 190

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

5951 downloads Cited 4 times in SciELO

15.

Avaliação de características ergonômicas no posto do operador em colhedoras combinadas
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Fontana, Gustavo

; Silva, Rouverson P. da

; Lopes, Afonso

; Furlani, Carlos E. A.

Engenharia Agrícola

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dec 2004, Volume 24 N. 3 Pages 684 - 694

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Com o propósito de fornecer dados para a avaliação de características ergonômicas no posto do operador de quatro colhedoras combinadas presentes na agricultura brasileira, foram realizadas, na região de Uberaba - MG, determinações das distâncias, a partir do ponto de referência do assento até os órgãos de comandos das colhedoras. Dentre as máquinas analisadas, a colhedora NH TC 57 foi a que apresentou melhores características ergonômicas do projeto interno da cabine.

The present work was developed in the region of Uberaba - MG, Brazil, with the purpose of supplying data for the evaluation of ergonomics characteristics in the position of the operator of some harvesters. It had been determined the distances from the seat index point until the more used organs of commands in the harvesters. Amongst the analyzed machines, the harvester NH TC 57 was the one that presented better ergonomic characteristics of the internal project of the cabin.

5694 downloads Cited 4 times in SciELO

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