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Resumo A leishmaniose visceral é uma doença tropical negligenciada. Foram avaliadas a distribuição espacial dos casos de leishmaniose visceral no estado de Alagoas. Todos os casos de LV, registrados pela secretaria de saúde, foram analisados e georreferenciados. Entre 2008 e 2017, 97,1% dos municípios apresentaram classificação esporádica de transmissão. Com a evolução temporal, a incidência de casos de leishmaniose visceral se concentrou na maioria dos municípios da microrregião de Santana do Ipanema-AL. A análise espaço-tempo, se considerada, pode promover o aprimoramento das ações de vigilância e controle da leishmaniose visceral.

Abstract Visceral leishmaniosis is a neglected tropical disease. We evaluated the spatial distribution of cases of visceral leishmaniosis in the state of Alagoas, Brazil. All cases of VL, registered by the health department, were analyzed and georeferenced. Results: Between 2008 and 2017, 97.1% of the municipalities presented sporadic classification of transmission. With temporal evolution, the incidence of cases of visceral leishmaniosis was concentrated in most municipalities in the microregion of Santana do Ipanema-AL. Space-time analysis, if considered, may promote the improvement of surveillance and control actions of visceral leishmaniosis.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.253098

Análise da estrutura e distribuição espacial de Pilosocereus pachycladus subsp. pernambucoensis em vegetação da Caatinga e de brejo de altitude
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Barbosa, Fabiana dos Anjos

; Castro, Nair Helena Arriel

; Souza, Vênia Camelo de

; Barbosa, Alex da Silva

; Fonseca, Weleson Barbosa da

; Silva, João Henrique Constantino Sales

Ciência Florestal

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sep 2023, Volume 33 N. 3 elocation e66471

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

ABSTRACT Knowing the distribution and spatial pattern of species within a plant community is essential for planning conservation strategies and establishing sustainable management measures in forest formations, especially in Caatinga areas. In this sense, the aim of the study was to analyze the structure and spatial distribution of Pilosocereus pachycladus F. Ritter subsp. pernambucoensis (F. Ritter) in natural populations in areas of Caatinga and Brejo vegetation in the semi-arid region of Paraíba, in the municipalities of Bananeiras and Arara, respectively. In the study areas, 25 plots of 20 m x 20 m were demarcated, totaling a sample area of 10,000 m2 (1 ha). Within the plots, all individuals were labeled and the total height and circumference were measured at the base of the stem using a measuring tape. The spatial structure of the populations was obtained by collecting the geographic coordinate of each individual in each area and expressed through maps of spatial distribution. 61 specimens were sampled in the Caatinga of Bananeiras, with an absolute density of 61 ind.ha-1 and absolute frequency (FA) of 52%. 64 specimens were sampled in the Caatinga of Arara, with an absolute density of 64 ind.ha-1 and absolute frequency (FA) of 56%. The two populations were arranged in a cluster pattern (Pi = 3.74 and 3.47, respectively). P. pachycladus subsp. pernambucoensis of the two areas have a habit of aggregate growth and population structure with few regenerating individuals. Regional conservation actions for Cactaceae species in their habitat need to take these findings into account to ensure the survival of these species.

RESUMO Conhecer a distribuição e o padrão espacial de espécies dentro de uma comunidade vegetal é imprescindível para o planejamento de estratégias de conservação e estabelecer medidas de manejo sustentável em formações florestais, sobretudo em áreas de Caatinga. Nesse sentido, o objetivo do estudo foi analisar a estrutura e a distribuição espacial de Pilosocereus pachycladus F. Ritter subsp. pernambucoensis (F. Ritter) em populações naturais em áreas de Caatinga e de Brejo no Semiárido Paraibano, nos municípios de Bananeiras e Arara, respectivamente. Nas áreas de estudo, foram demarcadas 25 parcelas de 20 m x 20 m, totalizando uma área amostral de 10.000m2 (1 ha). Dentro das parcelas, todos os indivíduos foram etiquetados e a altura total e a circunferência foram auferidas ao nível da base do caule com auxílio de uma fita métrica. A estrutura espacial das populações foi obtida pela coleta da coordenada geográfica de cada indivíduo em cada área e expressa por meio de mapas de distribuição espacial. Foram amostrados 61 espécimes na Caatinga do município de Bananeiras, apresentando densidade absoluta de 61 ind.ha-1 e frequência absoluta (FA) de 52%. Foram amostrados 64 espécimes no bioma do município de Arara, apresentando densidade absoluta de 64 ind.ha-1 e frequência absoluta (FA) de 56%. As duas populações estavam dispostas em padrão de agrupamento (Pi = 3,74 e 3,47, respectivamente). Os indivíduos de P. pachycladus subsp. pernambucoensis das duas áreas possuem hábito de crescimento agregado e estrutura populacional com poucos indivíduos regenerantes. As ações regionais de conservação das espécies de Cactaceae em seu habitat precisam levar em consideração essas descobertas para garantir a sobrevivência dessas espécies.

https://doi.org/10.5902/1980509866471

Blunt traumatic injuries of thoracic aorta and supra-aortic trunks - a narrative review
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Baldaia, Leonor

; Antunes, Luís F.

; Silva, Miguel

; Silva, Eduardo

; Nunes, Celso

; Oliveira, Vânia C.

; Silva, Joana

; Fonseca, Manuel

Angiologia e Cirurgia Vascular

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jun 2023, Volume 19 N. 2 Pages 39 - 41

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Introduction: Blunt thoracic aortic injuries (BTAI) are defined as a tear in the thoracic aorta caused by a high energy blunt trauma. The most common reported mechanism of injury is motor vehicle accidents, and it can be potentially lethal. The Society for Vascular Surgery (SVS) and the European Society for Vascular Surgery (ESVS) guidelines recommend thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) as the first line treatment for BTAI. Other controversies regarding BTAI management were reported in the literature, such as the best treatment for minimal aortic injuries with intimal tear, ideal stent graft oversizing, best timing for treatment and necessity to cover the left subclavian artery (LSA). The purpose of this review is to identify and analyze appropriate studies published so far about the management of BTAI. Methods: We performed a thorough electronic search of the literature using PubMed and Embase databases. We used the following combination of key words in our search strategy ((aortic injury) AND (blunt thoracic trauma)) AND (vascular surgery* OR treatment* OR TEVAR*). Articles not in English were excluded. The primary subject was results of endovascular treatment. Secondary subjects were indications and results of OSR, best timing for intervention, ideal graft oversizing, need for left subclavian artery (LSA) coverage, and management of BTAI grade I (intimal tear). Results: Data related to our primary and secondary subjects were extracted from the selected articles. TEVAR is considered the primary treatment for BTAI, if the patient has suitable anatomy, with good short and mid-term outcomes, with lower mortality and paraplegia rates at short and mid-term follow-up, compared to OSR. Despite good term results at short-term follow-up after TEVAR, long-term outcomes are still a concern. OSR is still a valid option in selected cases, and it should be considered for patients whose injury location is unsuitable for the endovascular approach. In most patients with BTAI, it is recommended around 10% of graft oversizing. However, a more aggressive approach with oversizing between 10-20% should be considered for patients with considerable hypotension and even >20% for patients presenting with severe hypotensive hemorrhagic shock. A necessity of LSA coverage has been reported in 30% of TEVAR for urgent treatment of BTAI, and it seems to be well tolerated. We should considered expectant approach with serial follow-up CT scans in patients with BTAI grade I injuries with asymptomatic intimal aortic tear. Conclusions: This literature review reports and synthetizes published data about the management strategies for BTAI. TEVAR seems to be effective in the treatment of BTAI, with few complications and good outcomes at short and mid-term follow-up, and it should be the first-line treatment for these patients. OSR should be an option when a patient’s injury is not suitable for endovascular approach.

https://doi.org/10.48750/acv479

Blunt traumatic injuries of thoracic aorta and supra-aortic trunks - a narrative review
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Baldaia, Leonor

; Antunes, Luís F.

; Silva, Miguel

; Silva, Eduardo

; Nunes, Celso

; Oliveira, Vânia C.

; Silva, Joana

; Fonseca, Manuel

Angiologia e Cirurgia Vascular

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jun 2023, Volume 19 N. 2 Pages 91 - 93

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.48750/acv479

Sex disparities in peripheral arterial occlusive disease
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Baldaia, Leonor

; Antunes, Luís F.

; Silva, Cândida G.

; Silva, Miguel

; Silva, Eduardo

; Nunes, Celso

; Constâncio, Vânia

; Fonseca, Manuel

Angiologia e Cirurgia Vascular

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mar 2023, Volume 19 N. 1 Pages 27 - 32

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Introduction: Recently published studies on peripheral arterial occlusive disease (PAOD) have revealed marked sex disparities in patient selection and treatment outcomes. In a recent retrospective study with data from 11 different countries, Portugal was highlighted as one of the countries with greater sex discrepancies related to PAOD treatment. We aimed to analyze sex specific differences in the treatment of symptomatic PAOD, concerning different variables, in a single hospital center, in Portugal. Methods: Data on treatment of symptomatic PAOD patients from October 1st, 2020, to December 31st, 2021, were retrospectively collected from clinical registries from a single hospital center in Portugal. Different variables and post-operative outcomes were analyzed dichotomized by sex, with descriptive statistics. Statistical analyses were conducted using the IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software v28. Results: A total of 220 patients, 15,9% female and 84,1% male, were treated for PAOD, in the selected period, in a hospital center from Portugal. Female patients were older (mean age of 73.8 years versus 69.5 years in male); were less likely to be treated for intermittent claudication (3% versus 6% of men); more often treated at a more advanced stage of the disease with trophic lesions (91% versus 74% of men); more likely to be offered primary major amputation (14% versus 3% of male patients); less likely to be taking statins as part of PAOD medical management (65.7% versus 77.8% of male); and had a higher 90-day mortality rate (17.1% versus 6.5% in men). They were also more frequently treated with endovascular procedures (40%) than with OSR (26%). Conclusion: Remarkable sex discrepancies in the treatment of PAOD were found in our hospital center. This study brings awareness to the scientific medical community for sex disparities in the management of patients with PAOD.

https://doi.org/10.48750/acv.486

Phytochemical characterization, antioxidant potential and antibacterial activity of the Croton argyrophylloides Muell. Arg. (Euphorbiaceae)
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Neri, T. S.

; Silva, K. W. L.

; Maior, L. P. S.

; Oliveira-Silva, S. K.

; Azevedo, P. V. M.

; Gomes, D. C. S.

; Souza, M. A.

; Pavão, J. M. S. J.

; Costa, J. G.

; Cunha, A. L.

; Ferreira-Júnior, G. C.

; Matos-Rocha, T. J.

; Santos, A. F.

; Fonseca, S. A.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2023, Volume 83 elocation e236649

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Croton argyrophylloides Muell. Arg., pertencente à família Euphorbiaceae, conhecida popularmente como marmeleiro prateado e sacatinga, é um vegetal do bioma caatinga comumente encontrado no Nordeste do Brasil. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a atividade antioxidante da espécie. O estudo fitoquímico foi realizado por meio de análise qualitativa dos constituintes químicos e determinação quantitativa do teor de fenóis totais pelo teste de Folin-Ciocalteu. Os testes antioxidantes qualitativos e quantitativos foram realizados pelo método do DPPH (2,2 difenil-1- picril-hidrazila) e redução do ferro (FRAP). A concentração inibitória mínima (CIM) foi determinada por microdiluição em placas de 96 poços. O extrato etanólico das folhas de C. argyrophylloides apresentou ação antioxidante no teste DPPH quantitativo com uma significativa bioatividade de 84.70 AAO% em 500 µg/mL, apresentando um CE50 de 236.79. O teor de compostos fenólicos totais, foi de 946,06 mg equivalentes de ácido gálico/g de amostra, e de flavonoides totais de 58,11 mg equivalentes de quercetina/g da amostra, o valor encontrado para FRAP foi de 15294,44 µM Trolox/g da amostra e de ABTS foi 718 μM Trolox da amostra. A prospecção dos constituintes químicos das folhas de C. argyrophylloides revelou a presença dos principais compostos que caracterizam a atividade antioxidante e foi possível comprovar pelo método de DPPH que há atividade antioxidante na amostra analisada, além de demonstrar um resultado significativo de teor de compostos fenólicos e teor de flavonoides totais na espécie e o que corrobora com a atividade antioxidante da amostra vegetal. Os extratos das folhas apresentaram halos de inibição de crescimento de 10 e 12mm frente a Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923.

Abstract Croton argyrophylloides Muell. Arg., from the Euphorbiaceae family, popularly known as marmeleiro prateado or sacatinga, is a plant from the Caatinga biome commonly found in Brazil’s northeastern region. The present study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant activity of the species. The phytochemical study was performed through qualitative analysis of chemical constituents and quantitative determination of the total phenol content through the Folin-Ciocalteu test. The qualitative and quantitative antioxidant tests were performed using the DPPH method (2.2 diphenyl-1-picryl hydrazil) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by microdilution in 96-well plates. The ethanolic extract of the leaves of C. argyrophylloides manifested antioxidant action in the quantitative DPPH test with a significant bioactivity of 84.70 AAO% in 500 µg/mL, with an EC50 of 236.79. The content of total phenolic compounds was 946.06 mg of gallic acid equivalents/g of sample, and total flavonoids was 58.11 mg of quercetin equivalents/g of sample, the result obtained for FRAP was 15294.44 µM Trolox/g of sample and ABTS was 718 μM Trolox of sample. The prospecting of the chemical constituents of the leaves of C. argyrophylloides revealed the presence of the main compounds that manifests the antioxidant activity and it was proven by the DPPH method that there is antioxidant activity in the analyzed sample, in addition to demonstrating a significant content of phenolic compounds and total flavonoid content in the species, which corroborates the antioxidant activity of the plant sample. The leaf extracts presented growth inhibition halos of 10 and 12 mm upon Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.236649 130 downloads

Vitamin A deficiency as a cause of blindness in feedlot calves
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Pupin, Rayane C.

; Souza, Larissa L.

; Silva, Thaisa X.

; Fonseca, Helena Carolina F.

; Silva, Eduarda A.S.

; Gomes, Danilo C.

; Araújo, Marcelo Augusto de

; Lemos, Ricardo Antônio A.

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira

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2023, Volume 43 elocation e07249

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

ABSTRACT: Vitamin A is an essential micronutrient to reproduction, development, normal growth, and function of the nervous system and vision, especially in growing animals. Hypovitaminosis A can affect any of these functions. The aim of this study was to describe the epidemiology, clinical signs, pathological aspects, and diagnostic approach in an outbreak of blindness in feedlot calves fed only grain. Five of 57 ten-month-old calves became blind after eight months at the feedlot. Clinical signs were mydriasis, absent pupillary and menace reflexes, bilaterally. Hypovitaminosis A was suspected and subsequently confirmed by low serum levels of vitamin A. One calf was euthanized and necropsied, and no gross findings were present. Histopathological lesions were restricted to the retina and characterized by degeneration and atrophy of the photoreceptor layer and some retinal scars. The calves were treated with intramuscular vitamin A injection at a dose of 5,000 international units (IU) per kilogram of body weight (kg BW) every 60 days until slaughter. Affected calves did not recover visual capacity, but no other cases occurred.

RESUMO: Vitamina A é um micronutriente essencial para reprodução, desenvolvimento, crescimento normal, além de participar do funcionamento do sistema nervoso central e visão, especialmente em animais em crescimento. Hipovitaminose A pode afetar qualquer uma dessas funções. O objetivo desse artigo é descrever a epidemiologia, sinais clínicos, aspectos patológicos e abordagem diagnóstica em um surto de cegueira em bezerros confinados alimentados apenas com grãos. De 57 bezerros de dez meses de idade, cinco ficaram cegos após oito meses no confinamento. Os sinais clínicos eram midríase, ausência de reflexo pupilar a luz e de ameaça, bilateralmente. Suspeitou-se de hipovitaminose A, que foi subsequentemente confirmada pelos baixos níveis séricos de vitamina A. Um bezerro foi eutanasiado e necropsiado, e alterações macroscópicas não foram encontradas. Lesões histopatológicas estavam restritas a retina e caracterizavam-se por degeneração e atrofia da camada de fotorreceptores, além de cicatrizes na retina. Os bezerros foram tratados com injeção intramuscular de vitamina A, na dose de 5.000 unidades internacionais (UI) por quilograma de peso vivo (Kg PV) a cada 60 dias, até o dia do abate. Os bezerros afetados não recuperaram a capacidade visual, mas novos casos não ocorreram.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-7249

Deep sea ecosystem exploration and ‘health check’: sampling strategy and methods applied during the iAtlantic_BR10_Petrobras cruise in the Santos Basin, Southwest Atlantic
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Perez, Jose Angel A.

; Barros Neto, Halésio M.C. de

; Arantes, Renata C.M.

; Gaurisas, Daniela Y.

; Silva, Camila F.

; Alves, Fernanda Maria M.

; Costa, Júlia A.

; Eloi, Paula D.C.

; Fonseca, Thayse S.

; Gavazzoni, Lucas

; Lonskis, Isabella da S.

; Nardi, Ricardo U.

; Nascimento, Pedro O.

; Rodrigues, João Vitor M.

; Santos, Ana Lara F. dos

; Santos, Edson C. dos

; Schroeder, Rafael

; Silva, Luis Carlos da

; Souza, Fernanda dos S.S. de

; Bernardino, Ângelo F.

; Cavalcanti, Guarani H.

; Lindner, Alberto

; Mahiques, Michel M. de

; Millo, Christian

; Reis, Priscila

; Sweetman, Andrew K.

; Roberts, J. Murray

Ocean and Coastal Research

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2023, Volume 71 elocation e23046

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract The iAtlantic Project has established an international collaborative strategy to improve mapping and characterization of deep and open ocean ecosystems in understudied regions of the Atlantic and evaluate their health. In December 2022, the first iAtlantic expedition in the South Atlantic set off to map and explore seafloor ecosystems in the Santos Basin slope (200-1,000 m depths) in collaboration with the Petrobras ‘Santos Basin - Regional Characterization Project.’ The 17-day ‘iAtlantic_BR10-Petrobras’ cruise was conducted on board the research vessel NPqHOc Vital de Oliveira (Brazilian Navy) and performed (a) water column structure characterization, (b) seafloor morphology mapping, (c) description of benthic habitats and communities by seafloor imagery and biological/ geological sampling, and (d) ex-situ experiments to assess the functioning of sedimentary ecosystems and their responses to climate-related environmental changes. This study describes the rationale behind the iAtlantic_BR10-Petrobras cruise science plan, reports its sampling strategy and methods, and summarizes its collected data and preliminary results.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2675-2824071.23069jaap

Multidisciplinary Scientific Cruises for Environmental Characterization in the Santos Basin – Methods and Sampling Design
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Moreira, Daniel L.

; Dalto, Adriana G.

; Figueiredo JR, Alberto G.

; Valerio, Aline M.

; Detoni, Amalia M. S.

; Bonecker, Ana C. T.

; Signori, Camila N.

; Namiki, Cláudia

; Sasaki, Dalton K.

; Pupo, Daniel V.

; Silva, Danilo A.

; Kutner, Deborah S.

; Duque-Castaño, Diana C.

; Marcon, Eduardo H.

; Gallotta, Fabiana D. C.

; Paula, Fabiana S.

; Gallucci, Fabiane

; Roque, Gabriela C. F.

; Campos, Giulia S.

; Fonseca, Gustavo

; Mattos, Gustavo

; Lavrado, Helena P.

; Silveira, Ilson C. A. da

; Costa, Jessica O.

; Santos Filho, João R. dos

; Carneiro, Juliane C.

; Moreira, Julio C.F.

; Rozo, Laura

; Araujo, Leandro F.M.

; Lazzari, Letícia

; Silva, Letícia O. da

; Michelazzo, Luan S.

; Fernandes, Luciano F.

; Dottori, Marcelo

; Araújo Jr., Marcus A. G. de

; Chuqui, Mateus G.

; Ceccopieri, Milena

; Borges-Silva, Milton

; Kampel, Milton

; Bergo, Natascha M.

; Silva, Paulo V. M.

; Tura, Pedro M.

; Moura, Rafael B. de

; Romano, Renato G.

; Martins, Renato P.

; Carreira, Renato S.

; Toledo, Rodrigo G.A.

; Bonecker, Sérgio L.C.

; Disaró, Sibelle T.

; Rodrigues, Silvana V.

; Corbisier, Thais N.

; Vicente, Thaisa M.

; Paiva, Vitor G. de

; Pellizari, Vivian H.

; Belo, Wellington C.

; Brandini, Frederico P.

; Sousa, Silvia H.M

Ocean and Coastal Research

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2023, Volume 71 Suppl. 3 elocation e23022

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract The Santos Basin (SB) is the main petroliferous basin in the Brazilian continental margin and one of the most studied marine areas in Brazil. However, historical data suggest that new efforts should be carried out to acquire quantitative biological data, especially in the deep sea, to establish the baseline of essential ocean variables in different ecosystems for future monitoring programs. The Brazilian energy company Petrobras planned and executed 24 oceanographic cruises over a period of 2 years to assess the benthic (SANSED cruise) and pelagic (SANAGU cruise) systems of the SB (356 days at sea in 2019 and 2021/2022). These efforts were part of the Santos Project, which comprised a comprehensive environmental study aimed at investigating benthic and pelagic variables to characterize ecology, biogeochemistry, thermohaline properties of water masses, and ocean circulation patterns, geomorphology, and sedimentology, as well as organic and inorganic chemistry. Here we present the detailed sampling designs and the field methods employed on board, during the SB scientific cruises. All sampling protocols were based on standardized approaches. For the benthos analyses, triplicate sediment samples were performed using a GOMEX-type box corer (0.25 m²) or a large modified Van Veen grab (0.75 m²) at 100 stations ranging from 25 to 2400 m depth. At each station, 25 geochemical and physico-chemical parameters were analyzed in addition to micro-, meio-, and macrofauna and living foraminifera samples. For the pelagic system, 60 stations were selected to investigate the plankton community, ranging in size from pico- to macroplankton, through vertical, horizontal, and oblique net hauls (20, 200, and 500 μm mesh size), as well as 25 biogeochemical parameters collected with an aid of a CTD-rosette sampler. Part of this scientific information also serves the Regional Environmental Characterization Project (PCR-BS) in support of Petrobras’ Santos Basin drilling licensing process led by the Brazilian Environmental Agency – IBAMA. This project contributes to the sustainable development of the SB, in line with the guidelines of the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2675-2824071.22072dlm

10.

Catalytic properties of amylases produced by Cunninghamella echinulata and Rhizopus microsporus
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CAVALHEIRO, GABRIELA F.

; COSTA, ANA CAROLINA DA

; GARBIN, ANDREZA DE PAULA

; SILVA, GEISA A. DA

; GARCIA, NAYARA FERNANDA L.

; PAZ, MARCELO F. DA

; FONSECA, GUSTAVO G.

; LEITE, RODRIGO S.R.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2023, Volume 95 N. 3 elocation e20230187

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract The present work aimed to characterize and compare the catalytic properties of amylases from Cunninghamella echinulata and Rhizopus microsporus. The highest production of amylase by C. echinulata, 234.94 U g-1 of dry substrate (or 23.49 U mL-1), was obtained using wheat bran as a substrate, with 50–55% initial moisture and kept at 28 °C for 48 h. The highest production of amylases by R. microsporus, 224.85 U g-1 of dry substrate (or 22.48 U mL-1), was obtained cultivating wheat bran with 65% initial moisture at 45 °C for 24 h. The optimal activity of the amylases was observed at pH 5.0 at 60 °C for C. echinulata enzymes and at pH 4.5 at 65 °C for R. microsporus. The amylases produced by C. echinulata were stable at pH 4.0–8.0, while the R. microsporus enzymes were stable at pH 4.0–10.0. The amylases produced by C. echinulata remained stable for 1 h at 50 °C and the R. microsporus amylases maintained catalytic activity for 1 h at 55 °C. The enzymatic extracts of both fungi hydrolyzed starches from different plant sources and showed potential for liquefaction of starch, however the amylolytic complex of C. echinulata exhibited greater saccharifying potential.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202320230187

11.

Antifungal activity of terpenes isolated from the Brazilian Caatinga: a review Caatinga
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Barros, D. B.

; Nascimento, N. S.

; Sousa, A. P.

; Barros, A. V.

; Borges, Y. W. B.

; Silva, W. M. N.

; Motta, A. B. S.

; Pinto, J. E. L.

; Sampaio, M. G. V.

; Barbosa, M. F. S.

; Fonseca, M. C.

; Silva, L. A.

; Lima, L. O.

; Borges, M. G. S. A.

; Oliveira, M. B. M.

; Correia, M. T. S.

; Castellano, L. R. C.

; Guerra, F. Q. S.

; Silva, M. V.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2023, Volume 83 elocation e270966

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Os terpenóides, também chamados terpenos ou isoprenóides, são uma família de produtos naturais encontrados em todos os organismos vivos. Muitas plantas são produtoras destes metabolitos secundários, que constituem uma grande parte dos óleos essenciais. Uma das características mais importantes é que os compostos são voláteis, têm odor e podem ser utilizados numa variedade de aplicações em diferentes segmentos industriais ou na medicina tradicional. O Brasil tem uma flora rica e diversificada que pode ser utilizada como fonte de pesquisa para a obtenção de novas moléculas. Dentro desta flora, vale a pena mencionar a Caatinga como um bioma exclusivamente brasileiro que possui plantas adaptadas a uma série de condições climáticas e, portanto, um armazém de compostos a serem descritos. As infecções fúngicas são doenças cada vez mais comuns, devido a isso existe uma grande procura de novos agentes com baixa toxicidade e efeitos secundários. Os cientistas devem procurar novas moléculas que exibam atividade antifúngica para o desenvolvimento de novos medicamentos contra as infecções fúngicas. Esta revisão visa analisar dados científicos dos principais estudos publicados que descrevem o uso de terpenóides e as suas aplicações biológicas como antifúngicos. isoprenóides vivos secundários essenciais voláteis tradicional portanto descritos comuns antifúngicos

Abstract Terpenoids, also named terpenes or isoprenoids, are a family of natural products found in all living organisms. Many plants produce terpenoids as secondary metabolites, and these make up a large part of essential oils. One of most important characteristic is that the compounds are volatile, have odor and can be used in a variety of applications in different industrial segments and traditional medicine. Brazil has a rich and diverse flora that can be used as a source of research for obtaining new molecules. Within the Brazilian flora, it is worth mentioning the Caatinga as an exclusively Brazilian biome where plants adapt to a specific series of weather conditions and therefore become a great storehouse of the terpenoid compounds to be described herein. Fungal infections have become increasingly common, and a great demand for new agents with low toxicity and side effects has thus emerged. Scientists must search for new molecules exhibiting antifungal activity to develop new drugs. This review aims to analyze scientific data from the principal published studies describing the use of terpenes and their biological applications as antifungals. Terpenoids isoprenoids organisms metabolites oils volatile medicine herein common emerged drugs antifungals

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.270966

12.

Correlations between Web Searches and COVID-19 Epidemiological Indicators in Brazil
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Locatelli, Marcelo Sartori

; Cunha, Evandro L. T. P

; Guiginski, Janaína

; Franco, Ramon A. S

; Bernardes, Tereza

; Alzamora, Pedro Loures

; Silva, Daniel Victor F. da

; Ganem, Marcelo Augusto S

; Santos, Thiago H. M

; Carvalho, Anne I. R

; Souza, Leandro M. V

; Paixão, Gabriela P. F

; Chaves, Elisa França

; Santos, Guilherme Bezerra dos

; Santos, Rafael Vinícius dos

; Freitas, Amanda Cupertino de

; Flores, Matheus G

; Biezuner, Rachel F

; Cardoso, Rodolfo Lins

; Fonseca, Rodrigo Machado

; Silva, Ana Paula Couto da

; Meira Jr, Wagner

Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology

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2022, Volume 65 elocation e22210648

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract: COVID-19 rapidly spread across the world in an unprecedented outbreak with a massive number of infected and fatalities. The pandemic was heavily discussed and searched on the internet, which generated big amounts of data related to it. This led to the possibility of attempting to forecast coronavirus indicators using the internet data. For this study, Google Trends statistics for 124 selected search terms related to pandemic were used in an attempt to find which keywords had the best Spearman correlations with a lag, as well as a forecasting model. It was found that keywords related to coronavirus testing among some others, such as “I have contracted covid”, had high correlations (≥0.7) with few weeks of lag (≤4 weeks). Besides that, the ARIMAX model using those keywords had promising results in predicting the increase or decrease of epidemiological indicators, although it was not able to predict their exact values. Thus, we found that Google Trends data may be useful for predicting outbreaks of coronavirus a few weeks before they happen, and may be used as an auxiliary tool in monitoring and forecasting the disease in Brazil.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4324-2022210648

13.

Molecular docking studies and evaluation of the antiretroviral activity and cytotoxicity of the species Lafoensia pacari Saint-Hilaire
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Fonseca, S. A.

; Cunha, A. L.

; Lima, F. C. A.

; Silva, M. S. Cruz e

; Silva, K.W. L.

; Araújo, M. V.

; Moreira, M. S. A.

; Bento, E. S.

; Sabino, A. R.

; Rocha, T. J. M.

; Ferreira, R. C. S.

; Costa, J. G. da

; Santos, A. F.

; Santana, A. E. G.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2022, Volume 82 elocation e256261

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo O interesse por espécies vegetais com ação antiviral tem crescido exponencialmente e algumas tem sido relatadas como possuídoras de propriedades anti-HIV. Essa pesquisa tem como objetivo realizar o fracionamento fitoquímico biodirecionado pela atividade antirretroviral das cascas do caule da espécie Lafoensia pacari. Trata-se de um estudo experimental in vitro e a metodologia envolve preparo do material vegetal, obtenção do extrato etanólico, fracionamento, purificação, identificação e quantificação das frações, extração ácido-base, ressonância magnética nuclear, teste de inibição da TR do HIV-1 e estudos de docking molecular. A partir do fracionamento biodirecionado pela atividade antirretroviral verificou-se uma maior atividade nas subfrações acetanólica. Com destaque para a subfração acetanólica neutros com 60,98% de inibição de TR e o ácido elágico com 88,61% de inibição de TR e ausência de citotoxicidade. Verificou-se com o teste de citotoxicidade em linhagem de macrófagos que a fração clorofórmica foi mais tóxica que a fração acetanólica. A análise do espectro J-resolvido na região aromática apresentou um simpleto em 7.48 e 6.93 ppm que foram identificados como ácido elágico e ácido gálico respectivamente. A enzima 5TIQ obteve melhor parâmetro de afinidade com o ligante ácido elágico que foi confirmado pelos espectros HSQC-1H-13C. O ácido gálico mostrou-se também favorável a formar interação com a enzima 5TIQ, sendo confirmado através do espectro HSQC-1H-13C. Através da avaliação do PreADMET verificou-se que o ácido elágico é uma molécula promissora pela sua atividade de inibição da TR e parâmetros farmacocinéticos e de toxicidade.

Abstract Interest in antiviral plant species has grown exponentially and some have been reported to have anti-HIV properties. This research aims to perform the bio-guided phytochemical fractionation by antiretroviral activity of Lafoensia pacari stem barks. This in vitro experimental study involved the preparation of plant material, obtention of ethanolic extract, fractionation, purification, identification and quantification of fractions, acid-base extraction, nuclear magnetic resonance, HIV-1 RT inhibition test and molecular docking studies. From the bio-guided fractionation by the antiretroviral activity there was a higher activity in the acetanolic subfractions, highlighting the acetate subfraction – neutrals with 60.98% of RT inhibition and ellagic acid with 88.61% of RT inhibition and absence of cytotoxicity. The macrophage lineage cytotoxicity assay showed that the chloroform fraction was more toxic than the acetate fraction. The analysis of the J-resolved spectrum in the aromatic region showed a singlet at 7.48 and 6.93 ppm which was identified as ellagic acid and gallic acid, respectively. The 5TIQ enzyme obtained better affinity parameter with the ellagic acid ligand, which was confirmed by the HSQC-1H-13C spectra. Gallic acid was also favorable to form interaction with the 5TIQ enzyme, being confirmed through the HSQC-1H-13C spectrum. From the PreADMET evaluation it was found that ellagic acid is a promising molecule for its RT inhibition activity and pharmacokinetic and toxicity parameters.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.256261

14.

Spotlight on latent tuberculosis infection screening for juvenile idiopathic arthritis in two countries, comparing high and low risk patients
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Piotto, Daniela

; Nicacio, Aline

; Neto, Agna

; Mourão, Ana Filipa

; Oliveira-Ramos, Filipa

; Campanilho-Marques, Raquel

; Guedes, Margarida

; Cabral, Marta

; Santos, Maria José

; Fonseca, João Eurico

; Canhão, Helena

; Aikawa, Nádia Emi

; Oliveira, Sheila K. F.

; Ferriani, Virginia P. L.

; Pileggi, Gecilmara C. S.

; Magalhães, Claudia S.

; Silva, Clovis Artur

; Terreri, Maria Teresa

Advances in Rheumatology

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2022, Volume 62 elocation 20

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Background: Rheumatic diseases are associated with an increase in overall risks of tuberculosis (TB). The aim of this study was to evaluate the frequency of TB and the frequency of latent TB infection (LTBI), in clinical practice, for juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) patients from high and low risk of TB incidence endemic countries. Methods: This is an international, multicenter, cross-sectional, observational study of data collection from Brazil and Registry of Portugal at REUMA.PT. The inclusion criteria were patients with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis (JIA) with age ≤ 18 years who underwent screening for Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection [tuberculin skin test (TST) and/or interferon gamma release assay (IGRA)]. Chest X-rays and history of exposure to TB were also assessed. Results: 292 JIA patients were included; mean age 14.3 years, mean disease duration 7.5 years, 194 patients (66.4%) performed only TST, 14 (4.8%) only IGRA and 84 (28.8%) both. The frequency of LTBI (10.6%) and TB was similar between the two countries. The reasons for TB screening were different; in Brazil it was performed more often at JIA onset while in Portugal it was performed when starting Disease Modified Anti-Rheumatic Drugs (DMARD) treatment (p < 0.001). Isoniazid therapy was prescribed in 40 (13.7%) patients (31 with LTBI and 9 with epidemiologic risks and/or due to contact with sick people). Only three patients (1%) developed active TB. Conclusion: We found nearly 10% of patients with LTBI, a small percentage of patients with treatment due to epide-miologic risks and only 1% with active TB. Distinct reasons and screening methods for LTBI were observed between the two countries.

https://doi.org/10.1186/s42358-022-00251-6

15.

Schools reopening and the COVID-19 pandemic: a case study from Macaé, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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POZZOBON, ALLAN P. B.

; PETRY, ANA C.

; ZILBERBERG, CARLA

; BARROS, CINTIA M. DE

; NEPOMUCENO-SILVA, JOSÉ L.

; FEITOSA, NATÁLIA M.

; GOMES NETO, LUPIS R.

; RODRIGUES, BRUNO C.

; BRINDEIRO, RODRIGO M.

; NOCCHI, KEITY JAQUELINE C.V.

; MURY, FLAVIA B.

; SOUZA-MENEZES, JACKSON DE

; SILVA, MANUELA L. DA

; MEDEIROS, MARCIO JOSÉ DE

; GESTINARI, RAQUEL S.

; ALVARENGA, ALESSANDRA S. DE

; SILVA, CARINA A.O.

; SANTOS, DANIELE G. DOS

; SILVESTRE, DIEGO HENRIQUE

; SOUSA, GRAZIELE F. DE

; ALMEIDA, JANIMAYRI F. DE

; SILVA, JHENIFER N. DA

; BRANDÃO, LAYZA M.

; DRUMMOND, LEANDRO O.

; CARPES, RAPHAEL M.

; SANTOS, RENATA C. DOS

; PORTAL, TAYNAN M.

; TANURI, AMILCAR

; NUNES-DA-FONSECA, RODRIGO

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2022, Volume 94 elocation e20211361

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Since the first reported case of COVID-19 in Brazil, the public and private educational system started to close. Up to November 2020, scientific discussions about the return of schooling activities have been rarely performed by the national scientific community and police-makers. The great delay of school returning in Brazil contrasts with successful international strategies of school reopening worldwide and seems counterintuitive with the reopening of non-essential activities. Here, important issues to be considered before and during school reopening are reviewed and discussed. COVID-19 testing is essential to avoid disease spreading, but high cost of individual RT-qPCRs impairs an extensive testing strategy for school returning. To reduce costs and increase the speed of diagnosis, we tested the efficiency of a pooled-sample PCR strategy in a cohort of the educational staff in the city of Macaé/RJ, finding five asymptomatic individuals (0,66%) among the 754 people tested. Thus, a polled-sample PCR testing strategy of the educational staff might prevent infection spreading in schools at a reasonable cost. We discuss how our test strategy could be coupled with internationally recognized safety rules to allow for a safe school return and how countries from different world regions are dealing with educational activities during COVID-19 pandemic.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202220211361

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