ABSTRACT This research mainly focuses on the nature of Fiber-Reinforced Polymers (FRP) wrapped piles for the axial compression load. Normally, the degradation of Reinforced Cement Concrete (RCC) structures occurred due to corrosion, inadequate quality materials, aging, live load increments, fatigue, damages and deterioration, and so forth. RCC pile foundations are commonly affected by the above reasons. So, these structures can be strengthened with suitable methods such as jacketing, stitching, overlaying, sealing, grouting, coating, Near Surface Mounted (NSM) systems, FRP wrapping, repairing, and blanketing. FRP wrapping is well suited for strengthening pile structures because of its easy application, and this method is done without using heavy tools and skilled labor. Due to its being non-metallic, FRP reinforcing has desirable properties such as high resistance to chemicals as well as heat, flexibility, large tensile strength, permeability, and also no oxidation. Thus, FRP wrapping was selected as the chosen approach for this ongoing research. In this study, we apply an axial compression load as well as a skin friction condition to a pile member that has been modified to assess its performance and behavior. FiberReinforced Fiber (FRP Normally (RCC corrosion materials aging increments fatigue deterioration forth reasons So jacketing stitching overlaying sealing grouting coating NSM (NSM systems repairing blanketing application labor nonmetallic, nonmetallic non metallic, metallic non-metallic heat flexibility strength permeability oxidation Thus study behavior

Resumo Justificativa: A intubação seletiva neonatal do brônquio principal esquerdo para tratar a doença pulmonar direita é tipicamente feita com elaboradas manobras, instrumentação e dispositivos. Isso é frequentemente atribuído à geometria brônquica que favorece a entrada principal direita de um tubo endotraqueal (TET) deliberadamente avançado para além da carina. Resumo do caso: Recém-nascido com enfisema bolhoso grave que afetava o pulmão direito e precisou com urgência da não ventilação desse pulmão. Para conseguir a intubação brônquica esquerda fizemos uma rotação de 180° do TET, de forma que o olho de Murphy ficasse voltado para a esquerda, e não para a direita, e para simular uma intubação à esquerda orientamos ligeiramente o TET, de modo que sua concavidade virasse para a esquerda em vez de para a direita, como em uma intubação convencional à direita. Conclusão: A intubação urgente do brônquio principal esquerdo com um TET pode ser facilmente obtida se reconhecermos que é a posição da ponta do TET e a direção de sua concavidade que determinam para qual brônquio o TET irá quando avançado. Isso é importante em neonatos criticamente doentes diante da margem de segurança e janela de tempo pequenas e na ausência de tubos de duplo lúmen. O uso de broncofibroscópio e bloqueadores deve ser considerado como planos de segurança.

Abstract Background: Selective neonatal left mainstem bronchial intubation to treat right lung disease is typically achieved with elaborate maneuvers, instrumentation and devices. This is often attributed to bronchial geometry which favors right mainstem entry of an endotracheal tube deliberately advanced beyond the carina. Case summary: A neonate with severe bullous emphysema affecting the right lung required urgent non-ventilation of that lung. We achieved left mainstem bronchial intubation by turning the endotracheal tube 180° such that the Murphy's eye faced the left instead of the right, and simulated a left-handed intubation by slightly orientating the endotracheal tube such that its concavity faced the left instead of the right as in a conventional right-handed intubation. Conclusion: Urgent intubation of the left mainstem bronchus with an endotracheal tube can be easily achieved by recognizing that it is the position of the endotracheal tube tip and the direction of its concavity that are the chief determinants of which bronchus an endotracheal tube goes when advanced. This is important in critically ill neonates as the margin of safety and time window are small, and the absence of double-lumen tubes. Use of fiberoptic bronchoscope and blockers should be reserved as backup plans.

Background: Over the past decade the profession of pharmacy has steadily evolved. The New Pharmacy Contract exposed pharmacists to a fundamental change in traditional pharmacy business models. Objective: This study will consider whether community pharmacists, pharmacy undergraduates and academic staff within the United Kingdom believe it would be beneficial to incorporate a business management module within the Master of Pharmacy (MPharm) undergraduate degree along with potential mechanisms of delivery. Methods: Further to ethical approval, the questionnaire was distributed to UK registered pharmacists (n=600), MPharm undergraduates (n=441) and academic staff at Liverpool John Moores University (n=44). The questions were formatted as multiple choice questions, Likert scales or the open answer type. On questionnaire completion and return, data were analysed using simple frequencies, cross tabulations and non-parametric techniques in the SPSS (v18). Results: The majority of pharmacists (84.9%) confirmed that business skills affect their everyday responsibilities to a considerable extent. A high proportion of undergraduate students (92.8%) believed that business management skills will impact on their future role. In total, 64.3% of this cohort declared that if a module were introduced they would study it. The majority of staff (79%) agreed that business skills are gaining increased importance within the field of pharmacy. Conclusions: Data suggest that business skills are of relevance to the practice of pharmacy. Appropriate staff to deliver the taught material would include business owners / lecturers and teaching practitioners covering topics including management, leadership, interpersonal skills and regulation. We suggest the inclusion of a business module with the MPharm degree would be of great value in preparing individuals for practice within a modern day healthcare setting.

Antecedentes: Durante la década pasada, la profesión de farmacia ha evolucionado firmemente. El New Pharmacy Contract expuso a los farmacéuticos a un cambio en los modelos tradicionales de negocio. Objetivo: Este estudio considerará si los farmacéuticos, estudiantes de farmacia y académicos en Reino Unido se beneficiarían incorporando un módulo de gestión de empresa en el grado de Master en Farmacia (MPharm) así como los potenciales mecanismos de enseñanza. Métodos: Después de la aprobación de ética, se distribuyó el cuestionario e farmacéuticos en ejercicio en Reino Unido (n=600), estudiantes del MPharm (n=441) y personal académico de la Liverpool John Moores University (n=44). Las preguntas tenían formato de preguntas de elección múltiple, escalas de Likert o preguntas abiertas. Cuando se cumplimentaban y retornaban los cuestionarios, se analizaron los datos usando frecuencias simples, tablas cruzadas y técnicas no-paramétricas con el SPSS (v18). Resultados: La mayoría de los farmacéuticos (84,9%) confirmó que las habilidades empresariales afectan sus responsabilidades diarias en grado considerable. Una proporción elevada de estudiantes (92,8%) creía que las habilidades en gestión empresarial tendrían impacto en su papel futuro. En total, el 64,3% de esta cohorte declaró que si se introdujese un módulo, lo estudiarían. La mayoría del personal académico (79%) concordó que las habilidades empresariales están ganando importancia en el campo de la farmacia. Conclusiones: Los datos sugieren que las habilidades empresariales son de relevancia en la práctica de la farmacia. El personal adecuado para proporcionar el material docente debería incluir propietarios, y profesores de prácticas que cubran los temas como gestión, liderazgo, habilidades interpersonales y legislación. Sugerimos que la inclusión de un módulo de empresa en el grado de MPharm sería de gran valor en la preparación de los individuos para el ejercicio en los establecimientos sanitarios modernos.

PAHs and PCBs were measured in the mussel Perumytilus purpuratus (Lamarck) collected from three different sites along the coast of Valdivia and Valparaiso, South-Central and Central Chile, respectively. Pollution at these sites is considered low with PAHs originating mainly from pyrolytic sources according to the Phenanthrene/Anthracene and Fluoranthene/Pyrene ratios. Temporal variation of PAHs was observed in Valdivia, while site variation was observed along the Valparaiso area. Total PAH concentrations in Valdivia ranged from 29.2 ng/gto 89.5 ng/g in 2001 and from 31.0 ng/g to 48.6 ng/g in 2002 while in Valparaiso samples the total PAHs ranged from 27.3 ng/gto 253.1 ng/g and from 12.1 ng/gto 26.3 ng/g in 2001 and 2002, respectively. Polychlorinated biphenyls were not found in mussels from Valdivia; however five non-planar congeners were detected in samples from Valparaiso with total concentrations between 1.0 ng/g and 16.6 ng/g in 2001 and between 3.4 ng/g and 29.0 ng/g in 2002. The pesticide heptachlor epoxide was detected in all sampling sites of Valdivia during the years 2001-2002 at concentrations ranging between 1 and 3.5 ng/g.

Objective. Primary care offers an opportunity to identify and treat persons who drink alcohol above permissible levels. In order to prepare primary care practitioners around the world to prevent and treat alcohol-related problems, the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism of the United States of America has developed and tested a model international program for educating physicians about such problems. The model was designed to increase the clinical, teaching, and research skills of medical school faculty who work with medical students, residents, and primary care physicians. Venezuela was one of the countries selected for the initiative. Methods. During September 1999 a five-day faculty-development course consisting of 19 workshops was conducted at the University of Zulia, which is located in the city of Maracaibo, Zulia, Venezuela. Teaching strategies included class presentations, role plays, case presentations, skills-building workshops, and having each participant develop a teaching plan that he or she would use. Results. Thirty-three faculty members from 9 of Venezuela's 10 medical schools participated in the project. The 18 female and 15 male participants had an average age of 44 years. The areas of specialization of the 33 participants were: family medicine (9 participants), psychiatry (7), pediatrics (6), obstetrics (4), internal medicine (3), and unspecified (4). Of the 33 participants, 25 of them (76%) completed a six-month follow-up interview. This group said they had significantly increased their competence in 14 clinical areas and that they had successfully implemented new teaching activities within their respective medical schools and residency programs. Conclusions. This model proved to be an effective strategy for increasing training for physicians in the prevention and treatment of alcohol-related problems in Venezuela. The evaluation confirms similar findings in other countries where the program has been implemented.

Objetivos. La atención primaria proporciona la oportunidad de identificar y tratar a personas cuyo consumo de alcohol se encuentra por encima de los niveles permisibles. Con el fin de preparar a los médicos de atención primaria de todo el mundo para prevenir y tratar los problemas relacionados con el alcohol, el Instituto Nacional sobre el Abuso de Alcohol y el Alcoholismo (National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism: NIAAA) de los Estados Unidos de América (EE. UU.) ha creado y probado un Programa Internacional de Educación Médica sobre el Alcohol, destinado a aumentar las aptitudes clínicas, educativas e investigadoras del profesorado de las facultades de medicina que trabaja con los estudiantes universitarios, los residentes y los médicos de atención primaria. Venezuela fue uno de los países seleccionados para la puesta en marcha de esta iniciativa. Métodos. Durante 5 días del mes de septiembre de 1999 se realizó en la Universidad del Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela, un curso de formación del profesorado que consistió en 19 talleres. Los métodos de enseñanza fueron clases, representaciones demostrativas, presentaciones de casos, talleres de desarrollo de aptitudes y la creación de un plan educativo por cada uno de los participantes. Resultados. En el proyecto participaron 33 profesores de nueve de las 10 escuelas de medicina en Venezuela: 18 mujeres y 15 hombres con un promedio de 44 años, 9 de ellos con formación en medicina de familia, 7 en psiquiatría, 6 en pediatría, 4 en obstetricia, 3 en medicina interna, y 4 en especialidades no especificadas. El 76% de los participantes completaron una entrevista 6 meses más tarde. Este grupo refirió que su competencia en 14 áreas clínicas había aumentado de forma significativa y que había emprendido con buenos resultados nuevas actividades curriculares en sus respectivas facultades de medicina y programas de residencia. Conclusiones. Este modelo demostró ser eficaz para incrementar la formación de los médicos en la prevención y el tratamiento de los problemas relacionados con el alcohol en Venezuela. La evaluación del programa proporcionó resultados similares a los obtenidos en otros países en los que también se ha puesto en marcha.