Abstract The pandemic caused by coronavirus has resonated throughout different levels of health care in Brazil and, in this context, the present research aimed to evaluate this impact on tertiary dental care provided by the Unified Health System (SUS). Therefore, an ecological study was conducted with data obtained from the Hospital Information System processed by the Portal of the Department of Informatics of SUS. The sample consisted of patients of all sexes and age groups, whose Hospital Admission Authorizations (AIHs) were approved for dental tertiary care procedures from January 2015 to December 2020. Descriptive analyses and the ANOVA test with a significance level set at p < 0.05 were used. When the annual mean numbers of AIHs approved were evaluated, findings showed that on an average, the Southeast region authorized a higher number of procedures (p-value < 0.001), however, in the pandemic year (2020), a reduction of approximately 24.5% of these hospitalizations occurred throughout Brazil, with the Midwest being the region most affected (32.12%). A percentage increase occurred in the Surgical Treatment of Oral sinus/Oral nasal Fistula (16.1%), in addition to a significant decrease in performing procedures for Resection of Mouth Lesion (33.4%). In the pandemic year, there was a reduction of 14% in expenditures related to hospital services and 23.26% related to professional services. It was concluded that the data presented demonstrated a significant reduction in AIHs for tertiary dental care in the pandemic year.

Abstract Objective: This study aimed to review evidence from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) to describe: 1) the active ingredients and desensitizing toothpaste brands; 2) the evaluation of these active ingredients over time, and 3) the fluoride and abrasive content in the formulations designed to treat dentin hypersensitivity (DH). Methodology: In total, 138 RCTs and their tested toothpastes were included. Searches were updated up to August 19, 2021. Formulations, reported brands, active ingredients over time, and type of fluoride (ionizable or ionic fluoride) and abrasive (calcium or silica-based) were analyzed (PROSPERO #CRD42018086815). Results: Our trials assessed 368 toothpaste formulations, including 34 placebo (9%), 98 control toothpastes with fluoride (27%), and 236 (64%) with active ingredients to treat DH. We tested the following active ingredients: potassium compounds (n=68, 19%), calcium sodium phosphosilicate (CSP) (n=37, 10%), strontium compounds (n=28, 8%), arginine (n=29, 8%), stannous fluoride (SnF2) (n=21, 6%), hydroxyapatite (n=9, 2%), potassium combined with another active ingredient (n=19, 5%), inorganic salt compounds (n=11, 3%), citrate (n=5, 1%), formaldehyde (n=3, 1%), herbal (n=4, 1%), copolymer (n=1, 0.5%), and trichlorophosphate (TCP) (n=1, 0.5%). The number of toothpaste formulations increased since 1968, with the greatest increment after 2010. Most toothpastes described their type of fluoride as sodium monofluorphosphate (MFP) (n=105, 29%) and NaF (n=82, 22%), with silica-based (n=84, 23%) and calcium-based (n=64, 17%) abrasives. Conclusion: Patients and dentists enjoy an increasing number of brands and active ingredients to decide what desensitizing toothpaste to use. The most common types of fluoride are MFP and NaF.

Abstract: The authors developed and validated a short form of the Brazilian Oral Health Literacy Assessment Task for Paediatric Dentistry (BOHLAT-P). Data included responses from 200 parents of preschoolers to sociodemographic and oral health service access questions on the BOHLAT-P, the Brazilian Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Dentistry (BREALD-30), and the Brazilian Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (B-ECOHIS). Data on the preschoolers’ dental caries experience (ICDAS-II) were also included. An item response theory-based approach was employed to develop the short form, while confirmatory factor analysis evaluated the instrument dimensionality. The validity and reliability of the short form were tested by statistical analysis using BREALD-30, B-ECOHIS, and sociodemographic and dental caries experience data. The short form (BOHLAT-P-30) comprises 30 items, is unidimensional, and presents better model fit estimates (TLI = 0.94; CFI = 0.94; RMSEA = 0.05) than those of the BOHLAT-P. Moreover, BOHLAT-P-30 demonstrated excellent reliability (Cronbach's alpha = 0.91; intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC] = 0.95). BOHLAT-P-30 scores were positively correlated with BREALD-30 scores (r = 0.71), with the number of years of schooling (r = 0.60), and with the number of hours spent reading (r = 0.33). BOHLAT-P-30 scores were negatively correlated with B-ECOHIS scores (r = -0.21), and with the number of teeth with cavitated caries (r = -0.18). After controlling for confounding factors, BOHLAT-P-30 scores were not found to be associated with caries presence, or with the number of teeth with cavitated caries. The BOHLAT-P-30 had properties similar to those of the BOHLAT-P, and proved to be a valid measure to assess the OHL of Brazilian parents.

Abstract Objective: To investigate the association between oral health problems and being ashamed of smiling or speaking among Brazilian adolescents. Material and Methods: This was a population-based cross-sectional study carried out with secondary data from 7,328 12-year-old Brazilian adolescents from the latest Brazilian national oral health survey (SB Brasil 2010). The question “In the previous 6 months, have you been ashamed of smiling or speaking due to your teeth?” was the outcome variable. Calibrated examiners performed clinical examinations on adolescents for the diagnosis of dental caries (DMF-T), dental trauma, dental fluorosis and occlusal alterations. Data were analyzed descriptively and by Poisson unadjusted and adjusted Poisson regression analysis (p<0.05). The final model was controlled by family income. Results: The prevalence of being ashamed of smiling or speaking was 13.6%. The following variables were associated with the outcome: female sex (PR= 1.33; 95% CI: 1.17-1.53), cavitated dental caries on upper incisors (PR= 1.81; 95% CI: 1.51-2.15), dental trauma (PR= 1.36; 95% CI:1.16-1.60), increased maxillary overjet (PR= 1.36; 95% CI:1.18-1.57), dental crowding (PR= 1.60; 95% CI:1.40-1.83), midline diastema (PR= 1.30; 95% CI:1.11-1.44), tooth loss (PR= 1.45; 95% CI:1.16-1.80), mild/questionable dental fluorosis (PR= 1.23; 95% CI:1.06-1.44) and moderate/severe dental fluorosis (PR= 1.67; 95% CI:1.15-2.44). Conclusion: Oral health problems that impact dental aesthetics were predisposing factors for being ashamed of smiling or speaking in Brazilian adolescents.

Abstract The aim of the present study was to investigate whether possible awake bruxism (AB) is associated with the use of electronic devices and the practice of sports in schoolchildren aged eight to ten years. A cross-sectional study was conducted with 739 students in public and private schools in the city of Campina Grande, Brazil. Parents/guardians answered a questionnaire addressing sociodemographic data. The children answered questions about use of electronic devices, practice of sports, and AB. Statistical analysis involved robust logistic regression for complex samples (α = 5%). The prevalence of possible AB was 14.9%. Being female (OR = 1.71, 95%CI: 1.11–2.63), being the middle child (OR = 2.19, 95%CI: 1.14–3.88), having unmarried parents (OR = 1.73, 95%CI: 1.13–2.65), daily use of a cell phone/tablet/computer (OR = 1.82, 95%CI: 1.19–2.80), use of electronic devices for two or more hours per day (OR = 1.97, 95%CI: 1.35–2.86), and playing sports in and/or out of school (OR = 1.60, 95%CI: 1.18–2.52) remained associated with possible AB in the final model. The presence of possible AB was influenced by the use of electronic devices and the practice of sports among schoolchildren aged eight to ten years.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito de um nanocomplexo recém-desenvolvido formado entre hidroxipropil-β-ciclodextrina e 1% de tetrafluoreto de titânio (TiF4) após distintos períodos de complexação (12/72 horas) na desmineralização do esmalte bovino in vitro. Blocos de esmalte (n = 60) foram alocados para cada grupo: água Mili-Q, hidroxipropil-β-ciclodextrina, TiF4 a 1%, hidroxipropil-β-ciclodextrina + TiF4 1% após 12 horas de complexação e hidroxipropil-β-ciclodextrina + TiF4 1% após 72 horas de complexação. As amostras foram avaliadas pela microdureza superficial, microdureza transversal e micro-CT. Microscopia eletrônica de varredura / espectrometria de raios X por dispersão de energia (MEV / EDX) foram obtidas. A hidroxipropil-β-ciclodextrina + TiF4 1% após 12h de complexação resultou em um menor percentual de perda de microdureza superficial em comparação com água Mili-Q, hidroxipropil-β-ciclodextrina, TiF4 a 1% e hidroxipropil-β-ciclodextrina + TiF4 1% após 72 horas de complexação com uma ampla magnitude de efeito (de 1,307 a 2,943) e alto poder (84,9 a 99%). Todos os grupos resultaram em similar perda integrada de minerais (ΔZ) obtida por ambas as técnicas de microdureza e micro-CT. O esmalte tratado com os grupos TiF4 e TiF4 + hidroxipropil-β-ciclodextrina apresentou camada de esmalte TiO2, enquanto a avaliação de EDX identificou Ti. A solução contendo o complexo de inclusão de hidroxipropil-β-ciclodextrina + TiF4 com 12 horas de período de complexação demonstrou uma capacidade significativa para reduzir a desmineralização superficial do esmalte hígido sob um desafio cariogênico artificial.

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the association of contextual and individual factors with Oral Health literacy (OHL) in early adolescence. This is a population-based cross-sectional study carried out with 740 12-year-old adolescents randomly selected by a two-stage probabilistic cluster sampling process from schools in Campina Grande, Brazil. The guardians provided sociodemographic information. Adolescents answered the Brazilian version of the Family Adaptability and Cohesion Scales (FACES III) to measure family functioning, and the Brazilian Rapid Estimate of Literacy in Dentistry (BREALD-30) to measure OHL. Descriptive analysis was conducted, followed by robust Poisson’s regression analysis for complex samples with a multilevel approach (p<0.05). Rate ratio (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. The two levels of the analysis were students and schools. Adolescents enrolled at schools with higher grade-retention rate had slightly worse OHL scores (RR = 0.99; 95% CI: 0.98 to 0.99). The following individual factors were associated with the level of OHL: the female sex (RR = 1.05; 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.10), mother’s schooling more than eight years (RR = 1.13; 95% CI: 1.08 to 1.19), younger guardians (RR = 0.94; 95% CI: 0.90 to 0.97) and a balanced family functioning (RR = 1.08; 95% CI: 1.01 to 1.14). Individual and contextual factors were associated with OHL in early adolescence.

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the correlation between human development and dental caries in 12-year-old schoolchildren from the twenty-seven Brazilian states and to analyze the spatial distribution of these variables. Material and Methods: This was an ecological study using secondary data from the National Epidemiological Oral Health Survey 2010 and from the United Nations Development Program. Human development was measured by the Human Development Index (HDI) and dental caries by the Decayed, Missing and Filled Teeth index (DMFT). Dental caries prevalence and experience at the age of 12, and state HDI were entered into Google Sheets® and Google My Maps® for map creation. Data were analyzed by Pearson’s correlation (HDI and DMFT, DMFT individual components, prevalence of dental caries and prevalence of dental pain) (p<0.05). Results: Prevalence of dental caries ranged from 37.3% to 78.2% among the states. Dental caries was more prevalent in Rondônia (78.2%) and less prevalent in Santa Catarina (37.3%). Mean DMFT ranged from 1.06 to 4.81, with the highest value in Rondônia (4.81) and the lowest in Distrito Federal (1.06). HDI ranged from 0.631 (Alagoas) to 0.863 (Distrito Federal). There were negative correlations between HDI and dental caries (r=-0.504), dental caries experience (r=-0.459), decayed (r=-0.441) and missing (r=-0.441) components of the DMFT (p<0.05). Conclusion: Higher human development of the region lower dental caries experience and prevalence in 12-year-old Brazilian schoolchildren.

Abstract Recently, there has been greater interest in adopting a more holistic approach to healthcare. However, this trend should not limit itself merely to the notion that a human being lies behind the mouth being treated. Rather, it should embrace the understanding that this human can actively participate in and contribute to the treatment process. Patient Report Outcome Measures (PROMs) and Patient Report Experience Measures (PREMs) provide means for measuring data from the patient’s perspective, and enable health-related feelings and functions to be evaluated. Accordingly, this critical review aims to provide definitions, rationales and applications of patient-centered approaches in dental clinical research. Some patient-centered constructs are especially relevant to dental clinical trials, such as oral health-related quality of life, pain/discomfort, aesthetics and satisfaction concerning treatment and services. The selection and application of patient-reported measures can vary according to condition (generic, disease-specific or treatment-specific) and to the specific population evaluated (age and cognitive impairment). These measures can help weigh risks and benefits, as well as assess the cost effectiveness of treatments, thus influencing treatment recommendations and health policies. The incorporation of these measures into a professional’s daily life not only represents an improvement in professional performance, but also addresses a humanitarian concern.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Dentistry (BREALD-30) administered to adolescents. METHODS The study included 750 adolescents: 375 aged 12 years and 375 aged 15–19 years, attending public and private schools in Campina Grande, state of Paraíba, Brazil, in 2017. Reliability was measured based on internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Convergent validity was measured based on correlations between BREALD-30 and Functional Literacy Indicator scores. Divergent validity was measured by comparing BREALD-30 scores with sociodemographic variables. For predictive validity, the association between BREALD-30 scores and the presence of cavitated carious lesions was tested using a multiple logistic regression model. All statistical tests were performed with a significance level of 5%. RESULTS BREALD-30 showed good internal consistency for the 12 year olds and 15 to19 year olds (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.871 and 0.834, respectively) and good test-retest reliability [intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.898 and 0.974; kappa = 0.804 and 0.808, respectively]. Moreover, item-total correlation was satisfactory for all items. BREALD-30 had convergent validity with the Functional Literacy Indicator for 12 year olds (rs = 0.558, p < 0.001) and for 15 to 19 year olds (rs = 0.652, p < 0.001). Participants with higher oral health literacy levels who attended private schools (p < 0.001), belonged to economic classes A and B2 (p < 0.001), and who had parents with higher education levels (p < 0.001) were included, indicating the divergent validity of the BREALD-30. Participants with lower BREALD-30 scores were more likely to have cavitated carious lesions [12 year olds: odds ratio (OR) = 2.37; 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 1.48–3.80; 15 to 19 year olds: OR = 1.96; 95%CI 1.24–3.11]. CONCLUSIONS BREALD-30 shows satisfactory psychometric properties for use on Brazilian adolescents and can be applied as a fast, simple, and reliable measure of oral health literacy.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To evaluate the psychometric properties of the Brazilian Portuguese version of the Rapid Estimate of Adult Literacy in Dentistry (BREALD-30) administered to adolescents. METHODS The study included 750 adolescents: 375 aged 12 years and 375 aged 15–19 years, attending public and private schools in Campina Grande, state of Paraíba, Brazil, in 2017. Reliability was measured based on internal consistency and test-retest reliability. Convergent validity was measured based on correlations between BREALD-30 and Functional Literacy Indicator scores. Divergent validity was measured by comparing BREALD-30 scores with sociodemographic variables. For predictive validity, the association between BREALD-30 scores and the presence of cavitated carious lesions was tested using a multiple logistic regression model. All statistical tests were performed with a significance level of 5%. RESULTS BREALD-30 showed good internal consistency for the 12 year olds and 15 to19 year olds (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.871 and 0.834, respectively) and good test-retest reliability [intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) = 0.898 and 0.974; kappa = 0.804 and 0.808, respectively]. Moreover, item-total correlation was satisfactory for all items. BREALD-30 had convergent validity with the Functional Literacy Indicator for 12 year olds (rs = 0.558, p < 0.001) and for 15 to 19 year olds (rs = 0.652, p < 0.001). Participants with higher oral health literacy levels who attended private schools (p < 0.001), belonged to economic classes A and B2 (p < 0.001), and who had parents with higher education levels (p < 0.001) were included, indicating the divergent validity of the BREALD-30. Participants with lower BREALD-30 scores were more likely to have cavitated carious lesions [12 year olds: odds ratio (OR) = 2.37; 95% confidence interval (95%CI): 1.48–3.80; 15 to 19 year olds: OR = 1.96; 95%CI 1.24–3.11]. CONCLUSIONS BREALD-30 shows satisfactory psychometric properties for use on Brazilian adolescents and can be applied as a fast, simple, and reliable measure of oral health literacy.

RESUMO Objetivo: Relatar uma série de casos sobre o uso dos óculos audiovisuais em crianças durante o atendimento odontológico, bem como sua interferência na frequência cardíaca e percepção sobre o atendimento. Métodos: As crianças foram analisadas em três atendimentos clínicos para registro das frequências cardíacas: 1) realização da anamnese; 2) execução de um tratamento restaurador atraumático modificado (a criança usando os óculos audiovisuais) e 3) execução de um tratamento restaurador atraumático modificado sem a ferramenta de distração. O intervalo entre os atendimentos foi de até uma semana. A frequência cardíaca foi monitorada, por meio de um oxímetro de pulso e ao final da etapa dos três atendimentos, um questionário pós-tratamento foi aplicado. A amostra foi constituída por 5 crianças entre 4 e 7 anos de idade, atendidas na clínica de Odontopediatria da Universidade Estadual da Paraíba. Resultados: As frequências cardíacas individuais e as médias intermediárias do segundo atendimento, com os óculos audiovisuais, foram menores em relação ao primeiro e o terceiro; o questionário pós-tratamento revelou uma preferência no uso dos óculos audiovisuais por serem mais confortáveis, agradáveis, e por sentirem menor percepção dolorosa e ansiedade. Conclusão: A redução da frequência cardíaca com os óculos audiovisuais sugere a redução da ansiedade durante o atendimento odontológico.

ABSTRACT Objective: This study aimed to report a case series on the use of audiovisual distraction eyeglasses in children during dental care. Methods: The influence of the distraction tool on the children’s heart rate frequency and dental care experience was further investigated. The study children had their heart rate recorded during three clinical appointments and underwent the following procedures: 1) anamnesis; 2) modified atraumatic restorative treatment with the child wearing audiovisual eyeglasses; and 3) modified atraumatic restorative treatment without the use of audiovisual eyeglasses. The interval between appointments was up to one week. The heart rate was measured using a pulse oximeter, and a post-treatment questionnaire was applied after the three appointments. The sample consisted of five children aged 4 to 7 years attending the Pediatric Dental Clinics of the State University of Paraíba. Results: While wearing the audiovisual eyeglasses, the children’s individual heart rates were lower in the second dental visit as compared to the first and third ones. The post-treatment questionnaire revealed a preference for the use of audiovisual distraction eyeglasses as the children felt more comfortable, pleased, and had a reduced pain perception and anxiety. Conclusion: The heart rate decrease observed herein suggests that audiovisual eyeglasses may contribute to reducing anxiety during dental care.

resumo Introdução: não há consenso na literatura quanto à associação entre alterações oronasofaríngeas e as más oclusões. Objetivo: o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a associação entre as alterações oronasofaríngeas e as más oclusões (mordida aberta anterior e mordida cruzada posterior) em pré-escolares. Métodos: um estudo transversal foi conduzido com uma amostra representativa de 732 pré-escolares com 3 a 5 anos de idade, aleatoriamente selecionados em pré-escolas privadas e públicas. A mordida aberta anterior (MAA) e a mordida cruzada posterior (MCP) foram avaliadas a partir de exames clínicos. Pais/cuidadores responderam a um questionário relativo a indicadores sociodemográficos e problemas oronasofaríngeos. A análise estatística envolveu análise descritiva e regressão de Poisson (p < 0,05). Resultados: as prevalências de MAA e MCP foram de 21,0% e 11,6%, respectivamente. Ter três anos de idade (RP = 1,244; IC = 1,110 - 1,394; p < 0,001, considerando-se RP = Razões de Prevalência e IC = Intervalo de Confiança 95%), ter quatro anos de idade (RP = 1,144; IC = 1,110 - 1,394; p = 0,015), ausência de alergia (RP = 1,158; IC = 1,057 - 1,269; p = 0,002), não ter se submetido a cirurgias do nariz (RP = 1,152; IC = 1,041 - 1,275; p = 0,006) e ter tido dor de garganta mais de cinco vezes no mesmo ano (RP = 1,118; IC = 1,011 - 1,237; p = 0,030) foram significativamente associados com MAA. Ausência de asma (RP = 1,082; IC = 1,012 - 1,156; p = 0,020), não ter realizado adenoidectomia (RP = 1,112; IC = 1,068 - 1,158; p < 0,001) e não ter se submetido a cirurgias do nariz (RP = 1,114; IC = 1,069 - 1,160; p < 0,001) permaneceram associados à MCP. Conclusão: associações significativas foram encontradas entre as alterações oronasofaríngeas relatadas e a presença de MAA e MCP em pré-escolares.

Abstract Objective: Evidence is contradictory regarding the association between oronasopharyngeal abnormalities and malocclusion. The aim of the present study was to assess the association between oronasopharyngeal abnormalities and malocclusion (anterior open bite and posterior crossbite) in preschoolers. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with a representative sample of 732 preschoolers aged 3-5 years old selected randomly from private and public preschools. Anterior open bite (AOB) and posterior crossbite (PC) were evaluated through a clinical exam. Parents/caregivers answered a questionnaire addressing sociodemographic indicators and oronasopharyngeal issues. Statistical analysis involved descriptive analysis and Poisson regression (p < 0.05). Results: The prevalences of AOB and PC were 21.0% and 11.6%, respectively. Being three years old (PR = 1.244; 95% CI = 1.110-1.394; p < 0.001), being four years old (PR = 1.144; 95% CI = 1.110 - 1.394; p = 0.015), absence of allergy (PR = 1.158; 95% CI = 1.057 - 1.269; p = 0.002), not having undergone nose surgery (PR = 1.152; 95% CI = 1.041 - 1.275; p = 0.006) and having a sore throat more than five times in the same year (PR = 1.118; 95% CI = 1.011 - 1.237; p = 0.030) were significantly associated with AOB. The absence of asthma (PR = 1.082; 95% CI = 1.012 - 1.156; p = 0.020), not having undergone throat surgery (PR = 1.112; 95% CI = 1.068 - 1.158; p < 0.001) and not having undergone nose surgery (PR = 1.114; 95% CI = 1.069 - 1.160; p < 0.001) remained associated with PC. Conclusion: Significant associations were found between oronasopharyngeal-reported abnormalities and the presence of AOB and PC in preschoolers.

RESUMO Objetivo Avaliar a conduta de cirurgiões-dentistas da Estratégia de Saúde da Família do município de Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brasil, frente à cárie oclusal em dentes decíduos. Métodos Foi um estudo observacional, transversal, censitário e descritivo no qual 33 profissionais responderam a um questionário que avaliou suas condutas diante de cáries oclusais em esmalte e dentina de dentes decíduos, em diferentes situações de risco. Os dados foram analisados por meio de estatística descritiva e inferencial (Teste Exato de Fisher com nível de significância de 5%). A concordância inter-examinador foi avaliada pelo Teste Kappa de Cohen. Resultados Para a cárie crônica em esmalte de dentes decíduos com baixo risco/atividade de cárie a conduta de eleição foi preventiva, sendo a aplicação de flúor a mais citada (39,3%). Nos casos de cárie ativa em dentina em dentes decíduos com alto risco/atividade de cárie e de cárie ativa em dentina de dentes decíduos com baixo risco/atividade de cárie, a conduta invasiva foi a mais indicada (93,9% e 78,8%, respectivamente), sendo a remoção total do tecido cariado (74,2%) e restauração com ionômero de vidro (69,2%) as respostas mais frequentes. A concordância inter-examinador foi moderada (k=0,44). Conclusão As condutas adotadas pelos profissionais variaram bastante, havendo uma preferência por condutas caráter invasivo em situações onde a preservação da estrutura dentária era o mais indicado.

ABSTRACT Objective To evaluate the approaches used by Family Health Strategy dentists in the city of Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil, for management of occlusal caries in primary teeth. Methods In this observational, cross-sectional, census-based, descriptive study, 33 professionals completed a questionnaire designed to evaluate their approach to management of occlusal caries in enamel and dentin of deciduous teeth in different risk situations. Data were analyzed through descriptive and inferential statistics (Fisher's exact test with the level of significance set to 5%). Inter-examiner agreement was evaluated by Cohen's kappa statistic. Results For chronic enamel caries in primary teeth with low risk/activity, the approach of choice was preventive, with fluoride application being the most cited intervention (39.3%). For active carious dentin in primary teeth with high risk/activity and with low risk/activity, invasive approaches were most prevalent (93.9% and 78.8%, respectively), with complete caries removal (74.2%) and glass-ionomer restoration (69.2%) being the most frequent responses. Inter-examiner agreement was moderate (k = 0.44). Conclusion Although a wide range of approaches were adopted by dental practitioners, most preferred invasive interventions, even in situations where preservation of tooth structure was recommended.

Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of dental caries, traumatic dental injuries (TDI), toothaches, and malocclusion on the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) of the families of Brazilian preschool children. A population-based, matched case-control study involving 415 pre-schoolers aged 3–5 years was conducted. The case (impact on OHRQoL) and control groups (no impact on OHRQoL) were matched for age, gender, and family income at an 1:4 ratio. Impact on the OHRQoL of a family was assessed using the Brazilian version of the Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (B-ECOHIS). Dental caries, TDI, and malocclusion were diagnosed by three calibrated dentists (Kappa: 0.85–0.90). Data analysis involved descriptive statistics and conditional logistic regression analysis (p ≤ 0.05; 95%CI). There were no differences between the cases and controls regarding age, gender, and family income (p > 0.05). The most frequent responses on the B-ECOHIS among cases were “felt guilty” (68.6%) and “been upset” (48.2%). The following variables were significantly associated with negative impacts on family OHRQoL (cases): caries severity (OR = 6.680; 95%CI = 2.731–16.349), a history of toothache (OR = 2.666; 95%CI = 1.492–4.765), parental rating of the child’s oral health as poor (OR: 1.973; 95%CI = 1.072–3.634), and parent’s/caregiver’s age (OR = 2.936; 95%CI = 1.077–3.478). Anterior open bite was positively associated with OHRQoL (OR = 4.050; 95%CI = 1.333–12.314). Caries severity, a history of toothache, parental rating of the child’s oral health as poor, and younger parents/caregivers were associated with impact on the OHRQoL of the families of preschoolers.

Avaliar as atitudes e os comportamentos relacionados ao uso do álcool e seus fatores associados entre escolares da rede pública de Campina Grande (PB). Foi um estudo transversal com 574 adolescentes entrevistados por meio de formulário semiestruturado. Os testes estatísticos foram o Qui-quadrado e o Exato de Fisher (significância de 5%). Dos adolescentes, 54,5% experimentou o álcool, destes, 6,7% faz uso pesado. A maioria experimentou o álcool na faixa etária de 11 a 14 anos (42,8%), 26,3% dos menores compraram bebidas e a cerveja foi o tipo mais consumido (43,8%). O risco de experimentar a bebida alcoólica foi maior entre adolescentes de 16 a 19 anos (OR = 4,44; p < 0,001), entre os que não tinham religião (OR = 4,36; p = 0,002), entre os que trabalhavam (OR = 2,13; p = 0,012) e os que tinham relacionamento regular/ruim com o pai (OR = 2,18; p = 0,010). Os resultados do presente estudo ressaltam a complexidade do tema e a necessidade de uma atenção especial para a população adolescente. As políticas públicas não são suficientes, o apoio de uma família, a escola e a socie dade são essenciais para combater o uso precoce de álcool e suas consequências.

The scope of this paper is to assess the attitudes and behaviors regarding alcohol use and analyze associated factors among schoolchildren in public schools of Campina Grande in the state of Paraíba. A cross-sectional study was carried out involving 574 adolescents, with the application of a semi-structured questionnaire. The chi-square test and Fisher's exact test were used (5% level of significance). Among the adolescents 54.5% had drunk alcohol and 6.7% of them were heavy drinkers. The majority of them drank alcohol between 11 and 14 years of age (42.8%); 26.3% of the adolescents purchased alcoholic beverages; and beer was the most drink most consumed (43.8%). The risk of alcohol drinking was higher between 16 and 19 years of age (OR = 4.44; p < 0.001), among those without religious affiliation (OR = 4.36; p = 0.002), among those who worked (OR = 2.13; p = 0.012) and among those who had a fair to poor relationship with their father (OR = 2.18; p = 0.010). The results of this study underscore the complexity of this issue and the need to pay particular attention to the adolescent population. Public policies alone are not sufficient. Support from family, school and society is essential to curtail early alcohol use and its consequences.