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Resumo A pitaia vermelha (Hylocereus costaricensis) é uma promissora espécie, com elevado potencial de cultivo devido às qualidades organolépticas e funcionais de seus frutos. Entretanto, a salinidade da água de irrigação pode afetar o rendimento produtivo da cultura. Diante disso, materiais ricos em substâncias orgânicas podem minimizar os danos provocados pelo excesso de sais no solo e/ou na água. Assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a influência de fontes de matéria orgânica como atenuante do estresse salino na produção e respostas bioquímicas de mudas de pitaia vermelha. O delineamento inteiramente casualizado em esquema fatorial 4 × 5, com cinco fontes de matéria orgânica (húmus, esterco ovino, biofertilizante, composto orgânico e areia + solo) e quatro salinidade (0.6, 2.6, 4.6 e 6.6 dS m-1), com quatro repetições e duas plantas por vaso foi utilizado. O comprimento da parte aérea, comprimento da raiz, diâmetro do cladódio, número de cladódios, número de brotos, volume da raiz, massa seca da parte aérea, massa seca da raiz e massa seca total, razão da massa seca da raiz e da parte aérea, clorofila a, b e total, aminoácidos e os açúcares solúveis foram avaliados aos 120 dias após o início da aplicação dos tratamentos. A pitaia vermelha é moderadamente tolerante a salinidade. O composto orgânico e estrume ovino atenuam os efeitos nocivos da salinidade nas mudas de pitaia vermelha. Sob condições de estresse salino, as plantas aumentam os níveis de aminoácidos e açúcares totais.

Abstract Red pitaya (Hylocereus costaricensis) is a promising species, with high cultivation potential due to the organoleptic and functional qualities of its fruits. However, irrigation water salinity can affect the crop yield. Therefore, materials rich in organic substances can minimize the damage caused by excess salts in soil and/or water. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate the influence of organic matter sources as attenuators of salt stress on the production and biochemical responses of red pitaya seedlings. A completely randomized design in 4 × 5 factorial scheme, with five sources of organic matter (humus, sheep manure, biofertilizer, organic compost and sand + soil) and four salinities (0.6, 2.6, 4.6 and 6.6 dS m-1) with four replicates and two plants per plot was used. The shoot length, root length, cladode diameter, number of cladodes, number of sprotus, root volume, shoot dry mass, root dry mass and total dry mass, root and shoot dry mass ratio, chlorophyll a, b and total, amino acids and soluble sugars were evaluated at 120 days after the treatments began to be applied. Red pitaya is moderately tolerant to salinity (ECw from 4.0 to 6.0 dS m-1). Organic compost and sheep manure attenuate the harmful effects of salinity on red pitaya seedlings. Under salt stress conditions, red pitaya plants increase their levels of proline, amino acids and total sugars.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.258476

How omnivory affects the survival and choices of earwig Doru luteipes (Scudder) (Dermaptera: Forficulidae)?
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Pacheco, R. C.

; Silva, D. D.

; Mendes, S. M.

; Lima, K. P.

; Figueiredo, J. E. F.

; Marucci, R. C.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2023, Volume 83 elocation e243890

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Doru luteipes (Scudder, 1876) é um predador onívoro, que encontra na planta do milho diferentes recursos alimentares: ovos de Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith, 1797), uredósporos de Puccinia polysora (Underw, 1897) e pólen. Para definição da relevância desse predador como agente de controle biológico, conhecer a sobrevivência e preferência alimentar é essencial. Nós hipotetizamos que o comportamento de forrageamento e a capacidade de predação de D. luteipes podem ser afetados quando uma mesma planta oferece ovos, uredósporos e pólen, concomitantemente. A sobrevivência de D. luteipes na fase de ninfa e sua preferência entre os recursos alimentares, frequentemente disponíveis nas plantas de milho, foram determinados. Para verificar a sobrevivência de D. luteipes, ninfas recém eclodidas foram alimentadas exclusivamente com 1- uredósporos de P. polysora, 2- ovos de S. frugiperda, 3- pólen de milho, 4- combinação de uredósporos + ovos e 5- dieta artificial (controle). Em outro experimento, ninfas e adultos de D. luteipes com 24 e 48 horas de jejum foram liberadas individualmente, em recipientes contendo quatro dietas: 1- uredósporos de P. polysora, 2- ovos de S. frugiperda, 3- pólen de milho, 4- dieta artificial e mantidas durante 10 min, sendo avaliados a escolha pelo alimento e o tempo de alimentação. A alimentação exclusiva com ovos de S. frugiperda ocasionou baixa sobrevivência das ninfas (8%), porém a combinação de uredósporos de P. polysora + ovos de S. frugiperda possibilitou sobrevivência de 58,3%. D. luteipes preferiu se alimentar durante o período noturno e as maiores proporções de escolhas das ninfas e dos adultos ocorreram no pólen e na dieta, sendo que os adultos gastaram mais tempo se alimentando de pólen. Estas descobertas indicam que as escolhas tróficas de D. luteipes são relevantes para compreender sua contribuição como agente de controle de insetos-praga e doença fúngicas em milho.

Abstract Doru luteipes (Scudder, 1876) is an omnivorous predator that finds different food resources in the corn plant: eggs of Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith, 1797), uredospores of Puccinia polysora (Underw, 1897), and pollen. Knowing the survival and food preferences of this predator is essential to define its relevance as a biological control agent. We hypothesize that the foraging behavior and predatory capacity of D. luteipes may be affected when several food resources, especially eggs of S. frugiperda, uredospores of P. polysora, and pollen are concurrently in the same plant. The survival of D. luteipes in the nymph stage and their preference among food resources, often available in corn plants, were determined. To verify the survival of D. luteipes, newly hatched nymphs were fed exclusively with 1- uredospores of P. polysora, 2- eggs of S. frugiperda, 3- corn pollen, 4- a combination of uredospores + eggs, and 5- artificial diet (control). In another experiment, nymphs and adults of D. luteipes with 24 and 48 hours of fasting were individually released in the center of a container with four diets: 1- uredospores of P. polysora, 2- eggs of S. frugiperda, 3- corn pollen, 4- artificial diet, and maintained for 10 minutes, to evaluate the food choice and feeding time. The exclusive feeding with S. frugiperda eggs caused low nymph survival (8%), but the combination of P. polysora uredospores + S. frugiperda eggs allowed 58.3% survival. D. luteipes preferred feeding during the nighttime and the most significant proportions of choices by nymphs and adults were for pollen and diet, with adults spending more time eating pollen. These findings indicate that the trophic choices of D. luteipes are relevant to understand its contribution as an agent to control pest insects and fungal diseases in corn.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.243890 1428 downloads

Multidisciplinary Scientific Cruises for Environmental Characterization in the Santos Basin – Methods and Sampling Design
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Moreira, Daniel L.

; Dalto, Adriana G.

; Figueiredo JR, Alberto G.

; Valerio, Aline M.

; Detoni, Amalia M. S.

; Bonecker, Ana C. T.

; Signori, Camila N.

; Namiki, Cláudia

; Sasaki, Dalton K.

; Pupo, Daniel V.

; Silva, Danilo A.

; Kutner, Deborah S.

; Duque-Castaño, Diana C.

; Marcon, Eduardo H.

; Gallotta, Fabiana D. C.

; Paula, Fabiana S.

; Gallucci, Fabiane

; Roque, Gabriela C. F.

; Campos, Giulia S.

; Fonseca, Gustavo

; Mattos, Gustavo

; Lavrado, Helena P.

; Silveira, Ilson C. A. da

; Costa, Jessica O.

; Santos Filho, João R. dos

; Carneiro, Juliane C.

; Moreira, Julio C.F.

; Rozo, Laura

; Araujo, Leandro F.M.

; Lazzari, Letícia

; Silva, Letícia O. da

; Michelazzo, Luan S.

; Fernandes, Luciano F.

; Dottori, Marcelo

; Araújo Jr., Marcus A. G. de

; Chuqui, Mateus G.

; Ceccopieri, Milena

; Borges-Silva, Milton

; Kampel, Milton

; Bergo, Natascha M.

; Silva, Paulo V. M.

; Tura, Pedro M.

; Moura, Rafael B. de

; Romano, Renato G.

; Martins, Renato P.

; Carreira, Renato S.

; Toledo, Rodrigo G.A.

; Bonecker, Sérgio L.C.

; Disaró, Sibelle T.

; Rodrigues, Silvana V.

; Corbisier, Thais N.

; Vicente, Thaisa M.

; Paiva, Vitor G. de

; Pellizari, Vivian H.

; Belo, Wellington C.

; Brandini, Frederico P.

; Sousa, Silvia H.M

Ocean and Coastal Research

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2023, Volume 71 Suppl. 3 elocation e23022

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract The Santos Basin (SB) is the main petroliferous basin in the Brazilian continental margin and one of the most studied marine areas in Brazil. However, historical data suggest that new efforts should be carried out to acquire quantitative biological data, especially in the deep sea, to establish the baseline of essential ocean variables in different ecosystems for future monitoring programs. The Brazilian energy company Petrobras planned and executed 24 oceanographic cruises over a period of 2 years to assess the benthic (SANSED cruise) and pelagic (SANAGU cruise) systems of the SB (356 days at sea in 2019 and 2021/2022). These efforts were part of the Santos Project, which comprised a comprehensive environmental study aimed at investigating benthic and pelagic variables to characterize ecology, biogeochemistry, thermohaline properties of water masses, and ocean circulation patterns, geomorphology, and sedimentology, as well as organic and inorganic chemistry. Here we present the detailed sampling designs and the field methods employed on board, during the SB scientific cruises. All sampling protocols were based on standardized approaches. For the benthos analyses, triplicate sediment samples were performed using a GOMEX-type box corer (0.25 m²) or a large modified Van Veen grab (0.75 m²) at 100 stations ranging from 25 to 2400 m depth. At each station, 25 geochemical and physico-chemical parameters were analyzed in addition to micro-, meio-, and macrofauna and living foraminifera samples. For the pelagic system, 60 stations were selected to investigate the plankton community, ranging in size from pico- to macroplankton, through vertical, horizontal, and oblique net hauls (20, 200, and 500 μm mesh size), as well as 25 biogeochemical parameters collected with an aid of a CTD-rosette sampler. Part of this scientific information also serves the Regional Environmental Characterization Project (PCR-BS) in support of Petrobras’ Santos Basin drilling licensing process led by the Brazilian Environmental Agency – IBAMA. This project contributes to the sustainable development of the SB, in line with the guidelines of the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2675-2824071.22072dlm

First record of insect-plant interaction in Late Cretaceous fossils from Nelson Island (South Shetland Islands Archipelago), Antarctica
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SANTOS FILHO, EDILSON B. DOS

; BRUM, ARTHUR S.

; SOUZA, GEOVANE A. DE

; FIGUEIREDO, RODRIGO G.

; USMA, CRISTIAN D.

; RICETTI, JOÃO HENRIQUE Z.

; TREVISAN, CRISTINE

; LEPPE, MARCELO

; SAYÃO, JULIANA M.

; LIMA, FLAVIANA J.

; OLIVEIRA, GUSTAVO R.

; KELLNER, ALEXANDER W.A.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2023, Volume 95 Suppl. 3 elocation e20231268

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Despite the enormous paleobotanical record on different islands of the Antarctic Peninsula, the evidence of insect activity associated with fossilized plants is scarce. Here we report the first evidence of insect-plant interaction from Cretaceous deposits, more precisely from a new locality at the Rip Point area, Nelson Island (Antarctic Peninsula). The macrofossil assemblage includes isolated Nothofagus sp. leaf impressions, a common component of the Antarctic paleoflora. Two hundred leaves were examined, of which 15 showed evidence of insect activity, displaying variations in size, shape, and preservation. Two types of interaction damage, galls and mines, were identified. A single specimen retained a circular scar recognized as galling scar, while meandering tracks were considered mines. These traces of herbivore insect activity, correspond to the oldest known record of this type of interaction of West Antarctica and the oldest record of insect-plant interaction in Nothofagus sp. reported so far.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202320231268

Fungivory: a new and complex ecological function of Doru luteipes (Scudder) (Dermaptera: Forficulidae)
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Silva, D. D. da

; Mendes, S. M.

; Parreira, D. F.

; Pacheco, R. C.

; Marucci, R. C.

; Cota, L. V.

; Costa, R. V.

; Figueiredo, J. E. F.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2022, Volume 82 elocation e238763

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Relatamos a descoberta de que o predador Doru luteipes (Scudder, 1876) (Dermaptera: Forficulidae) se alimenta de uredosporos de Puccinia polysora Underw, o agente causal da ferrugem polisora que é uma doença primária que afeta a cultura do milho no Brasil. Realizamos experimentos em laboratório e em casa de vegetação para testar o efeito da fungivoria de D. luteipes (1º/2º e 3º/4º iìstares e adultos) sobre a concentração de uredosporos de P. polysora. Todos os ensaios mostraram uma redução significativa da concentração inicial de uredosporos. Houve uma redução na concentração de uredosporos com o aumento do número de D. luteipes alimentando-se deles. Também testamos o consumo de uredosporos quantificando sua porcentagem nas fezes de D. luteipes. Ninfas do 2º e 4º ínstar, assim como adultos, alimentaram-se de 88%, 85% e 83,8% dos uredosporos, respectivamente. Para ninfas do 3º ínstar, a porcentagem de consumo de uredosporos (75,6%) foi estatisticamente significativo em comparação com os outros grupos. No experimento em casa de vegetação, aos 28 dias após a inoculação das plantas com 9,9 x 104 uredosporos, a porcentagem de consumo de uredosporos foi de 81,7%. Nossos resultados confirmaram a fungivoria de D. luteipes em uredosporos de P. polysora. Este é o primeiro relato de fungivoria de D. luteipes, que pode ter papel importante no controle biológico de P. polysora em milho.

Abstract We report the discovery that the earwig predator Doru luteipes (Scudder, 1876) (Dermaptera: Forficulidae) feed on Puccinia polysora Underw uredospore, the causal agent of Southern Rust of Corn (SRC), which is a primary disease affecting the maize crop in Brazil. We performed experiments in laboratory and greenhouse to test the effect of D. luteipes (1st/2nd and 3rd/4th instars, and adults) fungivory on the P. polysora uredospore concentration. All trials showed a significant reduction of the initial concentration of uredospore. There was a reduction in uredospore concentration with increase in number of D. luteipes feeding on them. We also tested the uredospore consumption by quantifying its percentage in the feces of D. luteipes. Nymphs of the 2nd, 4th instar and adults fed 88%, 85%, and 83.8% of the uredospore, respectively. For nymphs of the 3rd instar, the percentage of uredospore consumption (75.6%) was statistically significant compared with the other groups. In greenhouse experiment, at twenty-eight days after plant inoculation with 9.9 x 104 uredospores, the percentage of uredospore consumption was 81.7%. Our results confirmed the fungivory of D. luteipes on P. polysora uredospore. This is the first report of D. luteipes fungivory, which may play an important role in the biological control of P. polysora in corn.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.238763 166 downloads

Paleoenvironment of the Cerro Negro Formation (Aptian, Early Cretaceous) of Snow Island, Antarctic Peninsula
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SANTOS, ALESSANDRA

; PIOVESAN, ENELISE KATIA

; GUZMÁN, JULIANA

; USMA, CRISTIAN D.

; WEINSCHÜTZ, LUIZ CARLOS

; SANTOS, RADARANY JASMINE M. DOS

; OLIVEIRA, GUSTAVO R.

; FIGUEIREDO, RODRIGO G.

; RICETTI, JOÃO HENRIQUE Z.

; WILNER, EVERTON

; SAYÃO, JULIANA M.

; KELLNER, ALEXANDER W.A.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2022, Volume 94 Suppl. 1 elocation e20201944

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract A study of macro and microfacies, palynoflora and palynofacies of the non-marine Cerro Negro Formation at President Head Peninsula, Snow Island, northwest of the Antarctic Peninsula, was developed. Two assemblages were recognized: Palynofacies assemblage 1 (P1) at the base of the section with a dominance of fern spores and conifer pollen grains, and facies association consisting of a clastic layer, with the predominance of mudstones; and Palynofacies assemblage 2 (P2) at the top of the section, with remarkable abundance of AOM/Pseudoamorphous particles, associated with facies that includes tuffs. The complete section shows in some levels the presence of freshwater algae and translucent phytoclasts. The integrated data characterizes a fluvial-lacustrine environment, what is reinforced by the occurrence of freshwater algae (Botryococcus) in some levels of P1 and P2. We could verify an increase in volcanic activity towards the top of the section that apparently has played an important role in the collapse of the palynoflora. The occurrence of the spore species Muricingulisporis annulatus, Sotasporites elegans, S. triangularis, Foraminisporis wonthaggiensis, and F. asymmetricus in the Cerro Negro Formation allows the correlation with sections in South America and Australia, suggesting an Aptian age for these deposits.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202220201944

Microorganisms from corn stigma with biocontrol potential of Fusarium verticillioides
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Diniz, G. F. D.

; Figueiredo, J. E. F.

; Lana, U. G. P.

; Marins, M. S.

; Silva, D. D.

; Cota, L. V.

; Marriel, I. E.

; Oliveira-Paiva, C. A.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2022, Volume 82 elocation e262567

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo O fungo micotoxigênico Fusarium verticillioides é o principal patógeno do milho e causa doenças do colmo e da podridão da espiga com perdas econômicas significativas. Além disso, o uso excessivo de fungicidas no controle de F. verticillioides constitui uma ameaça ao meio ambiente e à saúde humana. Assim, alternativas sustentáveis, como o controle biológico, são necessárias para minimizar os riscos associados ao método atual. Este estudo isolou e caracterizou bactérias e fungos que colonizam o estigma do milho para avaliar novos agentes de biocontrole em potencial. As amostras foram coletadas em campos de milho nas localidades brasileiras de Sete Lagoas-MG, Sidrolândia-MS, Sertaneja-PR e Goiânia-GO. Cento e sessenta e sete microrganismos foram isolados, 46% endofíticos e 54% epifíticos. O teste de antagonismo empregando a técnica de disco de difusão em meio sólido, mostrou que 83% dos isolados apresentaram atividade antagonista contra F. verticillioides. Em seguida, 42 isolados mais eficientes foram identificados a partir do sequenciamento parcial do gene 16S rRNA bacteriano e da região ITS de fungos. Os isolados bacterianos pertencem ao gênero Bacillus (57,1%), Burkholderia (23,8%), Achromobacter (7,1%), Pseudomonas (2,4%) e Serratia (2,4%), enquanto os fungos são Penicillium (2,4%), Candida (2.4), e Aspergillus (2,4%). Os resultados mostraram que microrganismos do estigma do milho podem representar novos agentes promissores para o controle de F. verticillioides.

Abstract The mycotoxigenic fungus Fusarium verticillioides is the primary maize pathogen and causes the maize stalk and ear rot diseases with significant economic losses. Furthermore, the excessive use of fungicides to control F. verticillioides constitutes threats to the environment and human health. Thus, sustainable alternatives such as biological control are needed to minimize the hazards associated with the current method. Although much is known about the vulnerability of the maize silks as a gateway for several fungal pathogens invading the developing grains, studies on the chemical properties of silk extracts and their resident microbiota are scarce. This study isolated and characterized bacteria and fungi that colonize the maize stigma to assess new potential biocontrol agents. The samples were collected from maize fields in the Brazilian localities of Sete Lagoas-MG, Sidrolândia-MS, Sertaneja-PR, and Goiânia-GO. One hundred sixty-seven microorganisms were isolated, 46% endophytic and 54% epiphytic. First, the antagonist activity was evaluated by the agar disc diffusion method performed in triplicate, and 83% of the isolates showed antagonist activity against F. verticillioides. Then, the 42 most efficient isolates were identified based on the partial sequencing of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene and fungi ITS region. The bacteria belong to the genera Bacillus (57.1%), Burkholderia (23.8%), Achromobacter (7.1%), Pseudomonas (2.4%), and Serratia (2.4%), while the fungi are Penicillium (2.4%), Candida (2.4), and Aspergillus (2.4%). The results showed that microorganisms from maize stigma might represent new promising agents for F. verticillioides control.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.262567

SARS-CoV-2 reinfection caused by the P.1 lineage in Araraquara city, Sao Paulo State, Brazil
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Romano, Camila Malta

; Felix, Alvina Clara

; Paula, Anderson Vicente de

; Jesus, Jaqueline Góes de

; Andrade, Pamela S.

; Cândido, Darlan

; Oliveira, Franciane M. de

; Ribeiro, Andreia C.

; Silva, Francini C. da

; Inemami, Marta

; Costa, Angela Aparecida

; Leal, Cibele O. D.

; Figueiredo, Walter Manso

; Pannuti, Claudio Sergio

; Souza, William M. de

; Faria, Nuno Rodrigues

; Sabino, Ester Cerdeira

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo

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2021, Volume 63 elocation e36

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Reinfection by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-COV-2) has been reported in many countries, suggesting that the virus may continue to circulate among humans despite the possibility of local herd immunity due to massive previous infections. The emergence of variants of concern (VOC) that are more transmissible than the previous circulating ones has raised particular concerns on the vaccines effectiveness and reinfection rates. The P.1 lineage was first identified in December 2020 in Manaus city and is now globally spread. We report the first case of reinfection of SARS-CoV-2 caused by the P.1 variant outside of Manaus. The potential of these new variants to escape naturally and vaccine- induced immunity highlights the need for a global vigilance.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1678-9946202163036 1125 downloads

Green Extraction Optimization of Bioactive Compounds from Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) Using Response Surface Methodology
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Lopes, Tiago A. M.

; Godoy, Antonio C.

; Sinosaki, Nayane B. M.

; Santos, Patrícia D. S.

; Chiavelli, Lucas U. R.

; Silveira, Roberta

; Figueiredo, Bruno H.

; Visentainer, Jesuí V.

; Santos, Oscar O.

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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dec 2020, Volume 31 N. 12 Pages 2603 - 2610

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) is known for its bioactive compounds with high antioxidant potential and pharmacological properties, such as antibacterial, antidepressant and anti-inflammatory. These properties are attributed to the presence of (poly)phenolic compounds. In the literature there is no extraction of these compounds with a totally non-toxic solvent, capable of applying the extract directly to the food. This work aimed to optimize the extraction conditions of bioactive compounds from the rosemary leaves using water as solvent. According to the analysis of variance parameters, a cubic model of high order of significance was obtained with adjusted R2 (R squared) > 0.947. The optimal conditions of the antioxidant potential for conventional and ultrasonic agitation were: temperature 70 °C, 30 min of extraction and the solvent/solute ratio of 25, resulting in an antioxidant potential of 6861 and 7126 µmol L−1 Trolox, respectively. The electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI(−)-MS/MS) analysis showed the presence of antioxidant compounds such as: carnosol (m/z 329.20), rosmanol (m/z 345.03) and rosmarinic (m/z359.14) acids. The response surface methodology evaluated the influence of the main parameters of the bioactive compounds extraction from rosemary using only water as solvent, in addition to the use of less time and sample mass, resulting in lower cost.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20200142 371 downloads

10.

Physiological quality of maize seeds produced under soil water deficit conditions
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Machado, Fernando H. B.

; David, Andréia M. S. de S.

; Santos, Silvânio R. dos

; Figueiredo, Josiane C.

; Silva, Cleisson D. da

; Nobre, Danúbia A. C.

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental

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jul 2020, Volume 24 N. 7 Pages 451 - 456

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Em região semiárida as estratégias de cultivo que visem o uso racional da água devem ser aplicadas. Neste sentido, objetivou-se avaliar a qualidade fisiológica de sementes de milho produzidas sob limitações de água no solo. Foram estabelecidas cinco reposições de água no solo, baseadas na capacidade de campo (100, 85, 70, 55 e 40%), proporcionando condições controladas de água para dois híbridos de milho (2B 587 e DKB 390). O delineamento experimental utilizado foi em blocos casualizados em esquema de parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repetições, ficando as reposições de água nas parcelas e os híbridos nas subparcelas. Após a colheita das sementes determinaram-se o teor de água, a germinação e o vigor (primeira contagem de germinação, emergência de plântulas, índice de velocidade de germinação, comprimento de plântulas, envelhecimento acelerado, condutividade elétrica e teste de frio modificado). Para os híbridos em condições de restrição hídrica, o DKB 390 expressou melhor potencial fisiológico. Lâminas de reposição inferior a 70% da capacidade de campo, viabilizou a redução de água no solo e afetou negativamente a qualidade fisiológica das sementes de milho produzidas.

ABSTRACT Crop strategies focused on the rational use of water are required in semiarid regions. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the physiological quality of maize seeds produced under soil water deficit conditions. Five irrigation water depth were established, based on the field capacity (100, 85, 70, 55 and 40%), to control the available water for two maize hybrids (2B-587 and DKB-390). A randomized block design was used, with a split-plot arrangement and four repetitions. The plots consisted of irrigation water depths, and the subplots consisted of maize hybrids. The seed water concentration, germination, and vigor were determined after the harvest, using data from first germination counting, seedling emergence, germination speed index, seedling length, and accelerated aging, electrical conductivity, and modified cold tests. The maize hybrid DKB-390 showed better physiological potential under the soil water deficit conditions evaluated. The irrigation water depths lower than 70% of field capacity resulted in decreases in soil water contents and affected negatively the physiological quality of the maize seeds produced.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v24n7p451-456 583 downloads

11.

KALE SEEDLINGS PRODUCTION IN DIFFERENT SUBSTRATES, CELL VOLUMES AND PROTECTED ENVIRONMENTS
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Costa, Edilson

; Curi, Thayla M. R. de C.

; Figueiredo, Thiago

; Binotti, Flávio F. da S.

; Cardoso, Eliana D.

Engenharia Agrícola

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feb 2017, Volume 37 N. 1 Pages 46 - 53

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT The kale is a brassica, this vegetable presents importance on nutritional and economic patterns. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of different substrates, trays and protected environment in the formation of kale seedlings. The experiment was conducted in two greenhouses located at the State University of Mato Grosso do Sul - MS. The first environment consisted of an agricultural greenhouse with polyethylene film cover, while the second was an agricultural nursery with monofilament screen and mesh to offer 50% of shading. In each protected environment were used 72 and 128 cells tray and six different compositions of substrates with organic material based on cassava branches (CB) and cattle manure (CM): 1) 100% CM; 2) 20% CM + 80% CB; 3) 40% CB + 60% CM; 4) 60% CB + 40% CM; 5) 80% CB + 20% and CM; 6) 100% CB. The seedlings were evaluated according to the parameters: dry mass of seedlings, stem diameter and plant height. The agricultural nursery was the most suitable for the formation of kale seedlings, with 72 cells tray and the substrate composed of organic matter with 20% of cassava branches and 80% of cattle manure.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4430-eng.agric.v37n1p46-53/2017 1185 downloads

12.

DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW PROCESS FOR PURIFICATION OF CAPSULAR POLYSACCHARIDE FROM Streptococcus pneumoniae SEROTYPE 14
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Zanardo, R. T.

; Ferri, A. L. S.

; Figueiredo, D. B.

; Kraschowetz, S.

; Cabrera-Crespo, J.

; Gonçalves, V. M.

Brazilian Journal of Chemical Engineering

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sep 2016, Volume 33 N. 3 Pages 435 - 443

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract The main virulence factor of Streptococcus pneumoniae is the capsular polysaccharide (PS), which is the antigen of all current vaccines that are prepared with PS purified from serotypes prevalent in the population. In this work, three purification strategies were evaluated and a new process was developed for purification of serotype 14 PS (PS14), responsible for 39.8% of diseases in children of 0-6 years old in Brazil. The developed method consists of cell separation by tangential microfiltration, concentration of the microfiltrate by tangential ultrafiltration (50 kDa), diafiltration in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate using a 30 kDa ultrafiltration membrane, precipitation with 5% trichloroacetic acid, precipitation with 20% and 60% ethanol, and anion exchange chromatography. The required purity regarding nucleic acids (≤ 2%) and proteins (≤ 3%) was achieved, resulting in a relative purity of 439 mg PS14/mg nucleic acids and 146 mg PS14/mg proteins. The final polysaccharide recovery was 65%, which is higher than the recovery of the majority of processes described in the literature.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0104-6632.20160333s20150140 3536 downloads

13.

Is the creatine kinase isoenzyme MB level a marker of myocardial ischemia in ventilated premature infants?
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Barbosa, Adauto D. M.

; Goldani, Maria Paula S.

; Figueiredo Jr, Israel

; Kanaan, Salim

Jornal Brasileiro de Patologia e Medicina Laboratorial

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sep 2016, Volume 52 N. 4 Pages 223 - 226

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO INTRODUÇÃO: Não está claro se os níveis séricos de troponina I (TI) e de creatinoquinase fração MB (CK-MB) estão alterados em recém-nascidos prematuros (RNP) sem indícios de isquemia miocárdica (IM). OBJETIVO: Investigar se os níveis de TI e CK-MB se alteram nos RNP sem IM quando em ventilação mecânica (VM). MÉTODOS: Coorte prospectiva com 165 RNP que, antes de serem divididos em grupo-controle ([CG]; n = 68), ventilado ([VG]; n = 21) e surfactante ([SG]; n = 76), tiveram seus níveis séricos de TI, creatinoquinase (CK) e CK-MB determinados. Após a divisão, dentro das primeiras 4 horas do início da VM e 1 hora após sua retirada, realizamos nova dosagem de TI, CK e CK-MB nos RNP dos VG e VS. Foram utilizados o teste do Qui-quadrado para avaliar a associação entre as variáveis qualitativas e o teste de Kruskall-Wallis para comparar os valores séricos de TI e CK-MB entre os grupos, antes, durante e depois da VM, usando o pacote estatístico SPSS 16.0. RESULTADOS: Os valores séricos de TI, CK e CK-MB antes dos grupos serem divididos foram considerados normais. As concentrações de TI entre os grupos antes e depois da VM não se alteraram (p > 0,05), entretanto as de CK-MB foram maiores nos ventilados em relação aos do CG (p = 0,009). CONCLUSÃO: A elevação dos níveis séricos de CK-MB nos VG e SG parece indicar aumento do trabalho da musculatura torácica e não um sinal de IM, o que inviabiliza o uso desta como um marcador.

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: It is not clear whether the levels of troponin I (TI) and creatine kinase isoenzyme MB (CK-MB) are changed in premature infants (PI) without evidence of myocardial ischemia (MI). OBJECTIVES: To investigate whether TI and CK-MB change their levels in newborns without MI while on mechanical ventilation (MV). METHODS: We conducted a prospective cohort study in which 165 PI were divided into control group ([CG]; n = 68), mechanical ventilated group ([VG]; n = 21) and a surfactant therapy group ([SG]; n = 76), and had their TI, creatine kinase (CK) and CK-MB levels were determined. After the division, within the first four hours after the introduction of the mechanical ventilation (MV) and one hour after the withdrawal of it, we performed a new measurement of TI, CK and CK-MB to all PI from VG and VS. We used the chi-square test to evaluate the association among qualitative variables and the Kruskall-Wallis test to compare the serum levels of TI, and CK-MB among the groups, before, during and after MV using the statistical package SPSS 16.0 software. RESULTS: TI, CK, and CK-MB serum values before the groups were divided were considered normal. The TI concentration among the groups before and after MV (p > 0.05) did not changed; however, the CK-MB levels were higher in VG when compared to the CG (p = 0.009). CONCLUSION: The increase of CK-MB serum levels in VG and SG seems to indicate an increased work of thoracic skeletal muscle and do not represent a MI signal, which invalidate its use as a marker.

https://doi.org/10.5935/1676-2444.20160037 2445 downloads

14.

Avaliação hemogasométrica em cadelas com piometra
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Mamão, L. D.

; Malm, C.

; Figueiredo, M. D. S.

; Beier, S. L.

; Silva, M. X.

; Valente, P. C. L. G.

; Costa, M. P.

; Alvarenga, L. A. A.

; Costa, P. Z.

; Souza, E. F. D.

; Pinto, A. P. D.

Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia

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oct 2015, Volume 67 N. 5 Pages 1241 - 1248

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMOA piometra é uma afecção comum em cadelas com uma etiologia hormonal associada à infecção bacteriana, levando ao acúmulo de exsudato uterino. Desequilíbrios ácido-base e hidroeletrolíticos são complicações que contribuem para a progressão da doença, o que piora o estado geral da paciente e pode levá-la ao óbito. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi caracterizar os distúrbios ácido-base e eletrolíticos em cadelas com piometra, além de avaliar se a terapia hídrica pré-cirúrgica (Ringer lactato) é efetiva na correção desses desequilíbrios. Vinte cadelas com piometra foram submetidas à hemogasometria em oito tempos preestabelecidos. Concluiu-se que o distúrbio ácido-base mais frequente foi a alcalose respiratória e que a terapia hídrica no pré-cirúrgico com solução Ringer lactato foi efetiva na correção da acidose metabólica e proporcionou melhora na alcalose respiratória, embora não tenha corrigido quadros de alcalose metabólica.

ABSTRACTPyometra is a common disease in dogs with a hormonal etiology associated with a bacterial infection and leading to accumulation of uterine exudates. Acid-base and electrolyte disturbances are complications that contribute to disease progression, worsening the condition of the patient, possibly leading death. The aim of this study was to characterize the acid-base and electrolyte disturbances in dogs with pyometra, and to evaluate whether preoperative fluid therapy (Ringer's lactate) is effective in correcting these imbalances. Twenty bitches with pyometra were subjected to blood gas analysis in eight pre-set times. It was concluded that the acid-base disorder was the most frequent respiratory alkalosis and fluid therapy in the preoperative Ringer 's lactate solution was effective in the correction of metabolic acidosis, although this has not corrected metabolic alkalosis frames and has provided improved alkalosis breathing .

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4162-8169 4361 downloads

15.

Geometric characterization of polymeric macrofibers
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Cáceres, A. R. E.

; Galobardes, I.

; Rebmann, M. S.

; Monte, R.

; Figueiredo, A. D. de

Revista IBRACON de Estruturas e Materiais

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oct 2015, Volume 8 N. 5 Pages 644 - 668

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMOAs características geométricas das macrofibras poliméricas são importantes porque afetam o comportamento do concreto reforçado com fibras (CRF). Em vista da carência de publicações específicas no Brasil, adotou-se a norma europeia EN14889-2:2006 como parâmetro de referência para efetuar a caracterização. Assim, foi desenvolvido um plano experimental com o objetivo de avaliar a adequação de procedimentos de ensaio para a qualificação das macrofibras poliméricas destinadas ao CRF. Foram avaliados dois tipos de macrofibras. As medições do comprimento se efetuaram por dois métodos: o método do paquímetro, o qual consiste em uma medição manual, e o método de análise de imagens digitais, empregando o software ImageJ para processamento das imagens. Para a medição do diâmetro, além das metodologias já mencionadas, foi utilizado ainda o método da densidade, um método indireto que precisa do comprimento desenvolvido obtido por um dos métodos mencionados anteriormente. Da análise estatística se conclui que ambos os métodos de medição do comprimento são semelhantes e apresentam resultados equivalentes do ponto de vista estatístico. Porém, salienta-se que as macrofibras precisam ser previamente esticadas para ter maior exatidão nas medições com o paquímetro. Na determinação do diâmetro, o método do paquímetro tem a desvantagem de subestimar a seção transversal da macrofibra pela pressão que exercem as garras. Por outra parte, o método de imagens digitais apresenta a projeção do diâmetro em um único plano, com muita variação dimensional, porque as macrofibras são orientadas com a pressão da tampa do escâner. Assim, podem-se ter falsas projeções do diâmetro o que também depende do nível de torção das macrofibras. Conclui-se que o método do paquímetro, com o cuidado de esticar previamente as macrofibras, e o método das imagens digitais podem ser igualmente utilizados para medir o comprimento. Já para determinar o diâmetro da macrofibra, recomenda-se o método da densidade, cujos resultados não são influenciados pelo método escolhido para determinar o comprimento.

ABSTRACTThe geometric characteristics of synthetic macrofibers are important because they affect the behavior of fiber-reinforced concrete (FRC). Because there is a lack of specific, relevant publications in Brazil, the European standard EN14889-2:2006 was adopted as a reference to perform the characterization. Thus, an experimental plan was developed to assess the adequacy of testing procedures for the qualification of synthetic macrofibers for use in FRC. Two types of macrofibers were evaluated. The length measurement was performed using two methods: the caliper method, which is a manual measurement, and the digital image analysis method using the ImageJ software for image processing. These aforementioned methods were used to determine the diameter together with the density method, which is an indirect method that uses the developed length obtained by one of the previous methods. The statistical analyses revealed that the length results are similar regardless of the method used. However, the macrofibers must be pre-stretched to maximize the accuracy of caliper measurements. The caliper method for diameter determination has the disadvantage of underestimating the macrofiber cross-section because of the pressure applied by the load claws. In contrast, the digital image analysis method obtains the projected diameter in a single plane, which overestimate the diameter because the macrofibers are oriented with the pressure of the scanner cover. Thus, these techniques may result in false projections of the diameters that will depend on the level of torsion in the macrofibers. It was concluded that both the caliper method using previously stretched macrofibers and the digital imaging method can be used to measure length. The density method presented the best results for the diameter determination because these results were not affected by the method chosen to determine the length.

https://doi.org/10.1590/S1983-41952015000500006 1821 downloads

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