ABSTRACT The tropical forest is extremely exploited and fragmented, making it essential to collect native seeds to meet the growing demand for its restoration and maintenance of biodiversity. Thus, the objective is to select potential forest fragments with a higher degree of conservation for seed harvesting, through the use and association of landscape ecology with fuzzy logic. The study was carried out in the watershed of the Itapemirim river. The stages of selection and photointerpretation of the images were carried out; error determination; application of landscape ecology metric indices; application of fuzzy logic in a computational application and validation of the methodology in loco. 7,515 forest fragments were determined, corresponding to 19.21% of the study area, with 89.53% of hits. Fragments smaller than 5 ha are the most fragile and are at risk of extinction, while those larger than 300 ha have a lower risk of extinction, even with the increase in the edge. With the application of fuzzy logic, the mean was between 0.15, standard deviation of 0.24 and the coefficient of variation at 161.73%. Scenario 1 (FLONA of Pacotuba), has 10.25% of families, 25.92% of genera and 33.62% of species more than Scenario 2 (PEAMA Ifes Campus of Alegre), among the identified individuals. The association of landscape ecology techniques and fuzzy logic made it possible to identify fragments with a higher degree of conservation, with potential for harvesting forest seeds.

RESUMO A floresta tropical é extremamente explorada e fragmentada, sendo imprescindível a coleta de sementes nativas, a fim de atender a crescente demanda para sua restauração e manutenção da biodiversidade. Dessa forma, objetiva-se selecionar fragmentos florestais potenciais com maior grau de conservação para a colheita de sementes, via utilização e associação da ecologia da paisagem à lógica Fuzzy. O estudo foi realizado na bacia hidrográfica do rio Itapemirim. Foram realizadas as etapas de seleção e fotointerpretação das imagens; determinação do erro; aplicação dos índices métricos de ecologia da paisagem; aplicação da lógica Fuzzy em aplicativo computacional e validação da metodologia in loco. Foram determinados 7.515 fragmentos florestais, correspondendo a 19,21% da área de estudo, com 89,53% de acertos. Os fragmentos menores que 5 ha são os mais frágeis e possuem risco de extinção, enquanto os maiores que 300 ha possuem menor risco de extinção, mesmo com o aumento da borda. Com a aplicação da lógica Fuzzy, a média ficou entre 0,15, desvio padrão de 0,24 e o coeficiente de variação em 161,73 %. O Cenário 1 (FLONA de Pacotuba) possui 10,25% de famílias, 25,92 % de gêneros e 33,62% de espécies a mais que o Cenário 2 (PEAMA Ifes Campus de Alegre), entre os indivíduos identificados. A associação das técnicas de ecologia da paisagem e lógica Fuzzy possibilitou identificar os fragmentos em maior grau de conservação, com potencial para colheita de sementes florestais.

RESUMO Objetivo: Construir um modelo de custo-efetividade para comparar o uso de propofol com o de midazolam em pacientes críticos adultos sob uso de ventilação mecânica. Métodos: Foi construído um modelo de árvore decisória para pacientes críticos submetidos à ventilação mecânica, o qual foi analisado sob a perspectiva do sistema privado de saúde no Brasil. O horizonte temporal foi o da internação na unidade de terapia intensiva. Os desfechos foram custo-efetividade por hora de permanência na unidade de terapia intensiva evitada e custo-efetividade por hora de ventilação mecânica evitada. Foram obtidos os dados do modelo a partir de metanálise prévia. Assumiu-se que o custo da medicação estava incluído nos custos da unidade de terapia intensiva. Conduziram-se análises univariada e de sensibilidade probabilística. Resultados: Pacientes mecanicamente ventilados em uso de propofol tiveram diminuição de sua permanência na unidade de terapia intensiva e na duração da ventilação mecânica, respectivamente, em 47,97 horas e 21,65 horas. Com o uso de propofol, ocorreu redução média do custo de U$2.998,971 em comparação ao uso do midazolam. A custo-efetividade por hora de permanência na unidade de terapia intensiva evitada e por hora de ventilação mecânica evitada foi dominante, respectivamente, em 94,40% e 80,8% do tempo. Conclusão: Ocorreu diminuição significante do custo associado ao uso de propofol, no que se refere à permanência na unidade de terapia intensiva e à duração da ventilação mecânica para pacientes críticos adultos.

ABSTRACT Objective: To build a cost-effectiveness model to compare the use of propofol versus midazolam in critically ill adult patients under mechanical ventilation. Methods: We built a decision tree model for critically ill patients submitted to mechanical ventilation and analyzed it from the Brazilian private health care system perspective. The time horizon was that of intensive care unit hospitalization. The outcomes were cost-effectiveness per hour of intensive care unit stay avoided and cost-effectiveness per hour of mechanical ventilation avoided. We retrieved data for the model from a previous meta-analysis. We assumed that the cost of medication was embedded in the intensive care unit cost. We conducted univariate and probabilistic sensitivity analyses. Results: Mechanically ventilated patients using propofol had their intensive care unit stay and the duration of mechanical ventilation decreased by 47.97 hours and 21.65 hours, respectively. There was an average cost reduction of US$ 2,998.971 for propofol when compared to midazolam. The cost-effectiveness per hour of intensive care unit stay and mechanical ventilation avoided were dominant 94.40% and 80.8% of the time, respectively. Conclusion: There was a significant reduction in costs associated with propofol use related to intensive care unit stay and duration of mechanical ventilation for critically ill adult patients.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of replacing ground corn (402 g kg−1 of dry matter) with rehydrated corn grain silage (RCGS; 425 g kg−1 of dry matter) in a flushing diet on follicular development in tropical Santa Inês ewes. Fifteen ewes were randomly assigned to one of two treatment groups: a diet with ground corn (control, n = 7) or a diet with RCGS (n = 8). The first day of the diets was designated d0, and the diets were fed for 30 days, up to two days after the end of the estrus synchronization protocol. The estrus synchronization protocol (intravaginal progestogen sponge for 11 days plus 300 IU eCG and 37.5 µg d-cloprostenol IM two days before sponge removal) started on d17 of the diets. The number and diameters of ovarian follicles ≥3 mm were assessed by ultrasound on the day before the diets were provided (d−1), on d14, and then daily from two days before sponge removal until ovulation or up to the eighth day after sponge removal. Blood samples were collected on days −1, 0, 6, 12, 18, 24, and 30 for glucose and urea analyses. There was no effect of the treatments on dry matter intake, plasma glucose, and urea nitrogen concentrations, or on the percentage of ewes that ovulated and on the number of ovulations. The number of follicles ≥3 mm did not differ between treatment groups; the number increased between d−1 and d14 and did not differ between d14 and d28. The diameter of ovulatory follicles at sponge removal, the interval from sponge removal to estrus, and the growth rate of the ovulatory follicles were greater in the RCGS group than in the control group, resulting in larger follicles at ovulation. Replacement of ground corn by RCGS in the flushing diet does not increase the number of ovulations but results in delayed onset of estrus and ovulation of larger follicles.