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1.
Growth phenotypes of very low birth weight infants for prediction of neonatal outcomes from a Brazilian cohort: comparison with INTERGROWTH
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Cardoso, Viviane Cunha
; Grandi, Carlos
; Silveira, Rita C.
; Duarte, José Luiz Bandeira
; Viana, Maria Cândida Ferrarez Bouzada
; Ferreira, Daniela Marques de Lima Mota
; Alves Junior, José Mariano Sales
; Embrizi, Laís Furlan
; Gimenes, Carolina Boschi
; Mello e Silva, Nathalia Moura de
; Melo, Fernanda Pegoraro de Godoi
; Venzon, Paulyne Stadler
; Gomez, Dafne Barcala
; Vale, Marynéa Silva do
; Bentlin, Maria Regina
; Barros, Marina Carvalho de Moraes
; Bigélli, Laura Emilia Monteiro
; Diniz, Edna Maria de Albuquerque
; Luz, Jorge Hecker
; Marba, Sérgio Tadeu Martins
; Almeida, João Henrique Carvalho Leme de
; Aragon, Davi Casale
; Carmona, Fabio
.
Abstract Objective: To assess the predictive value of selected growth phenotypes for neonatal morbidity and mortality in preterm infants < 30 weeks and to compare them with INTERGROWTH-21st (IG21). Methods: Retrospective analysis of data from the Brazilian Neonatal Research Network (BNRN) database for very low birth weight (VLBW) at 20 public tertiary-care university hospitals. Outcome: the composite neonatal morbidity and mortality (CNMM) consisted of in-hospital death, oxygen use at 36 weeks, intraventricular hemorrhage grade 3 or 4, and Bell stage 2 or 3 necrotizing enterocolitis. Selected growth phenotypes: small-for-gestational-age (SGA) defined as being < 3rd (SGA3) or 10th (SGA10) percentiles of BW, and large-for-gestational-age (LGA) as being > 97th percentile of BW. Stunting as being < 3rd percentile of the length and wasting as being < 3rd percentile of BMI. Single and multiple log-binomial regression models were fitted to estimate the relative risks of CNMM, comparing them to IG21. Results: 4,072 infants were included. The adjusted relative risks of CNMM associated with selected growth phenotypes were (BNRN/IG21): 1.45 (0.92–2.31)/1.60 (1.27–2.02) for SGA; 0.90 (0.55–1.47)/1.05 (0.55–1.99) for LGA; 1.65 (1.08–2.51)/1.58 (1.28–1.96) for stunting; and 1.48 (1.02–2.17) for wasting. Agreement between the two references was variable. The growth phenotypes had good specificity (>95%) and positive predictive value (70-90%), with poor sensitivity and low negative predictive value. Conclusion: The BNRN phenotypes at birth differed markedly from the IG21 standard and showed poor accuracy in predicting adverse neonatal outcomes.
2.
Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection in vascular surgery patients
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Garcia, Rita C.
; Gonçalves, Frederico Bastos
; Garcia, Teresa
; Ferreira, Rita Soares
; Catarino, Joana
; Vieira, Isabel
; Correia, Ricardo
; Bento, Ana Rita
; Pais, Fábio
; Ribeiro, Tiago
; Cardoso, Joana
; Ferreira, Maria Emília
.
Abstract Introduction: Surgical site infections are associated with devastating consequences in vascular surgery patients but the data on Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection among those remains scant and conflicting. Most vascular surgery antibiotic prophylaxis assume that all patients submitted to surgery are tested prior to the intervention or that all patients with risk factors for MRSA are presumed to be colonized. However, the costs associated with testing all patients are not negligible, and most of the vascular surgery patients have risk factors for MRSA colonization. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the burden of MRSA clinical infection and its outcome and to adjust clinical practice accordingly. Methods: A retrospective analysis of clinical data from all patients with MRSA isolations that were submitted to vascular surgery in the year 2019 was conducted. The primary endpoint was in-hospital mortality. Secondary endpoints were timing of infection (pre-existent infection or post-surgical infection), need for ICU and length of hospital stay. Results: Out of 1681 patients admitted for surgery in the year 2019 in the vascular surgery ward, only 21 had clinical infection with positive MRSA isolates. All the patients had risk factors for MRSA colonization. Seventeen were admitted for PAD (Rutherford grade 5 or 6). Eight patients had post-operatory infections, whilst the remaining presented with MRSA infection prior to the intervention. Post-operatory infections ranged from superficial incisional in three patients, deep incisional in one patient, and organ/space/prosthesis infection in four patients (of the last group, two had prosthesis infection). There were five deaths, of which two were unrelated to the infection. Of the three deaths probably infection-related, all were post-operatory surgical site infections, and all were organ/space/prosthesis infections (one with prosthesis infection). There was no patient admitted to the ICU that survived. The mean hospital stay was increased by 26 days (31 days, 95% CI, 19-43). Conclusion: Infection by MRSA was less frequent than expected in our population, which may mean that colonization might be smaller than expected. Pre-operative infection was almost always related to chronic wounds and did not increase the risk of post-operative wound infection or death, contrary to post-operative infection, which seems to significantly increase mortality.
https://doi.org/10.48750/acv.340
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3.
Leaf extract of Coffea arabica L. reduces lipid peroxidation and has anti-platelet effect in a rat dyslipidemia model
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Simões, Mario Henrique Souza
; Salles, Bruno Cesar Correa
; Duarte, Stella Maris da Silveira
; Silva, Marcelo Aparecido da
; Viana, André Luiz Machado
; Moraes, Gabriel de Oliveira Isaac de
; Figueiredo, Sonia Aparecida
; Ferreira, Eric Batista
; Rodrigues, Maria Rita
; Paula, Fernanda Borges de Araújo
.
Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant potential of the Coffea arabica Lineu (L.) leaf extract and its effects on platelet aggregation of dyslipidemic rats. The extract was obtained by the percolation of C. arabica L. leaves in hydroethanolic solution 70% (v/v). The mass spectrometry FIA-ESI-MS² suggested the presence of chlorogenic acid, rutin acid, and quinic acid. The DPPH• radicals scavenging capacity was demonstrated (IC50 = 0.06 mg/mL). The extract was administered to rats by gavage (300 mg/kg/day) for 56 days. Dyslipidemia was induced by administering Triton WR-1339 (300 mg/kg body weight) on the 54th day. On day 56, blood was collected by puncturing the abdominal aorta artery and the aortic artery was removed. Lipid profile, markers of renal and hepatic injury, lipid peroxidation, and platelet aggregation tests were carried out. The ingestion of extract reduced the lipid peroxidation (aorta and plasma) and platelet aggregation in dyslipidemic rats. The extract did not affect markers of renal and hepatic function as analyzed in this study, suggesting neither impaired liver nor kidney function in these animals. Therefore, our results demonstrate that the extract of leaves of C. arabica L. show antioxidant potential in vitro and in vivo as well as anti-platelet aggregation in dyslipidemic animals.
4.
Poor Sleep quality and health-related quality of life impact in adolescents with and without chronic immunosuppressive conditions during COVID-19 quarantine
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Helito, Alberto C.
; Lindoso, Livia
; Sieczkowska, Sofia M.
; Astley, Camilla
; Queiroz, Ligia B.
; Rose, Natalia
; Santos, Claudia Renata P.
; Bolzan, Thalis
; Peralta, Rita María I.A.
; Franco, Ruth R.
; Cominato, Louise
; Pereira, Rosa Maria R.
; Tannuri, Uenis
; Campos, Lucia Maria A.
; Lourenço, Benito
; Toma, Ricardo K.
; Medeiros, Karina
; Watanabe, Andréia
; Grangeiro, Patricia Moreno
; Farhat, Sylvia C.
; Casella, Caio B.
; Polanczyk, Guilherme V.
; Gualano, Bruno
; Silva, Clovis A.
; Sallum, Adriana M. E.
; Iraha, Amanda Y.
; Ihara, Bianca P.
; Mazzolani, Bruna C.
; Martinez, Claudia A.
; Strabelli, Claudia A. A.
; Fonseca, Claudia B.
; Lima, Dandara C. C.
; Setoue, Debora N. D.
; Roz, Deborah F. P.
; Smaira, Fabiana I.
; Roschel, Hamilton
; Miyatani, Helena T.
; Marques, Isabela G.
; Oba, Jane
; Ferreira, Juliana C. O.
; Simon, Juliana R.
; Kozu, Katia
; Saccani, Ligia P.
; Martiniano, Lorena V. M.
; Miranda, Luana C. A.
; Silva, Luiz E. V.
; Laurentino, Moisés F.
; Aikawa, Nadia E.
; Sakita, Neusa K.
; Tanigava, Nicolas Y.
; Pereira, Paulo R. A.
; Palmeira, Patrícia
; Angelo, Simone S.
; Lavorato, Sofia S. M.
; Bernardes, Tamires M.
; Franco, Tathiane C.
; Viana, Vivianne S. L.
; Barros, Vera P. M. F. R.
; Zheng, Yingying
.
OBJECTIVE: To assess the possible factors that influence sleep quality in adolescents with and without chronic immunosuppressive conditions quarantined during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. METHODS: This cross-sectional study included 305 adolescents with chronic immunocompromised conditions and 82 healthy adolescents. Online surveys were completed, which included questions on socio-demographic data and self-rated healthcare routine during COVID-19 quarantine and the following validated questionnaires: the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 (PedsQL4.0), and Pediatric Outcome Data Collection Instrument (PODCI). RESULTS: The median current age [14 (10-18) vs. 15 (10-18) years, p=0.847] and frequency of female sex (62% vs. 58%, p=0.571) were similar in adolescents with chronic conditions compared with healthy adolescents. The frequency of poor sleep quality was similar in both groups (38% vs. 48%, p=0.118). Logistic regression analysis, including both healthy adolescents and adolescents with chronic conditions (n=387), demonstrated that self-reported increase in screen time (odds ratio [OR] 3.0; 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3-6.8; p=0.008) and intrafamilial violence report (OR 2.1; 95% CI 1.2-3.5; p=0.008) were independently associated with poor sleep quality in these adolescents. However, the PODCI global function score was associated with a lower OR for poor sleep quality (OR 0.97; 95% CI 0.94-0.99; p=0.001). Further logistic regression, including only adolescents with chronic conditions (n=305), demonstrated that self-reported increase in screen time (OR 3.1; 95% CI 1.4-6.8; p=0.006) and intrafamilial violence report (OR 2.0; 95% CI 1.2-3.4; p=0.011) remained independently associated with poor quality of sleep, whereas a lower PODCI global function score was associated with a lower OR for sleep quality (OR 0.96; 95% CI 0.94-0.98; p<0.001). CONCLUSION: Self-reported increases in screen time and intrafamilial violence report impacted sleep quality in both healthy adolescents and those with chronic conditions. Decreased health-related quality of life was observed in adolescents with poor sleep quality.
5.
Conhecimento botânico local de agricultores do semiárido do Estado da Paraíba, Nordeste do Brasil
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Resumo: Diversos estudos desenvolvidos no estado da Paraíba, Nordeste do Brasil, descrevem a forma como as populações rurais da Caatinga interagem com plantas lenhosas úteis disponíveis na região. Nesse contexto, o presente estudo descreve e analisa a inter-relação de moradores da comunidade rural de Santa Rita, no Cariri da Paraíba, com as plantas lenhosas úteis, avaliando sua disponibilidade por meio de inventário etnobotânico e da vegetação. A pesquisa foi conduzida no Município do Congo, e os dados foram coletados entre os anos de 2011 e 2012, com entrevista semiestruturada, realizada com os chefes (homem e mulher) de cada residência. Os dados foram analisados por meio do valor do uso. Para amostragem fitossociológica foram registrados todos os indivíduos arbustivo-arbóreos lenhosos vivos com DNS (diâmetro do caule a nível de solo) ≥ 3 cm, se tomando nota também da sua altura estimada. Foram registradas 56 espécies vegetais úteis, destas, 42 identificadas, distribuídas em 37 gêneros e 20 famílias, sendo as mais citadas Myracrodruon urundeuva Allemão, Tabebuia aurea (Silva Manso) Benth. & Hook. f. ex S. Moore, e Sideroxylon obtusifolium (Roem & Schult.), T. D. Penn. As principais categorias de uso foram tecnologia, medicinal, combustível e construção. Em relação ao valor de uso (VU) as espécies de maior destaque foram T. aurea (Craibeira) (VU = 5,88), Aspidosperma. Pyrifolium Mart. (pereiro) (3,74), e S. obtusifolium (quixabeira) (3,71). Na fitossociologia foram registradas 24 espécies pertencentes a 21 gêneros e 12 famílias. Dos 2000 indivíduos amostrados, 55 não foram identificados. Destacaram-se as seguintes famílias botânicas: Euphorbiaceae, (1524 indivíduos), Fabaceae (271 indivíduos) e Apocynaceae (117 indivíduos). Entre as espécies, houve destaque para Croton blanchetianus Baill (marmeleiro), com 1400 indivíduos, seguido por Poincianella pyramidalis Tul. (catingueira) (198 indivíduos) e A. pyrifolium (pereiro) (117 indivíduos). O estudo indica que a composição da vegetação local na comunidade rural de Santa Rita é oriunda de altos níveis de antropização, sendo necessários maior detalhamento na dinâmica de uso e retirada dos indivíduos que demonstraram maior significado cultural e valor de uso.
Abstract: Several studies carried out in the state of Paraíba (Northeast Brazil) have described how rural populations interact with useful woody plants available in the Caatinga. In this context, this study aimed to describe and analyze the interrelationship between residents in the rural community of Santa Rita (Cariri of Paraíba) and useful woody plants, evaluating their availability through ethnobotanical and plant inventory. The research was conducted in the municipality of Congo, and the data were collected between 2011 and 2012 through semi-structured interview with the householders (men and women). The data were analyzed using the use value. For phytosociological sampling, all woody shrub-tree individuals with DGL (stem diameter at ground level) ≥ 3 cm were recorded and their estimated height was also recorded. Fifty-six useful plant species were recorded, of which 42 were identified and distributed in 37 genera and 20 families. Myracrodruon urundeuva Allemão, Tabebuia aurea (Silva Manso) Benth. & Hook. f. ex S. Moore, and Sideroxylon obtusifolium (Roem & Schult.), T. D. Penn were the most cited species. Technology, medical, fuel, and construction were the main use categories. Regarding the Use Value (UV), T. aurea (UV = 5.88), Aspidosperma. pyrifolium Mart. (pereiro) (3.74), and S. obtusifolium (quixabeira) (3.71) were the most prominent species. Twenty-four species belonging to 21 genera and 12 families were recorded in the phytosociology. Of the 2000 sampled individuals, 55 were not identified. The following botanical families stood out: Euphorbiaceae, (1524 individuals), Fabaceae (271 individuals), and Apocynaceae (117 individuals). Croton blanchetianus Baill (marmeleiro) (1400 individuals), Poincianella pyramidalis Tul. (catingueira) (198 individuals) and A. pyrifolium (pereiro) (117 individuals) were the most prominent species. This study indicates that the local vegetation composition in the rural community of Santa Rita results from high degrees of anthropization; therefore, it is required a detailed study on the dynamics of use and removal of individuals that showed the highest cultural significance and use value.
https://doi.org/10.18387/polibotanica.50.13
497 downloads
6.
Fighting HIV/AIDS in a developing country: lessons from a small cohort from the largest Brazilian city
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Casseb, Jorge
; Veiga, Ana Paula R.
; Magri, Marcello M. C.
; Monteiro, Mariana A.
; Rocha, Rosana C.
; Gascon, Maria Rita P.
; Domingues-Ferreira, Mauricio
; Polis, Thales J. B.
; Nascimento, Najara A. de Lima
; Limongelli, Isadora
; Oliveira, Ícaro S.
; Prandi, Gabriela Caetano
; Costa, Livia M. C. B. Villares
; Fonseca, Luiz A. M.
; Duarte, Alberto J. S.
.
Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo
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https://doi.org/10.1590/s1678-9946202062058
221 downloads
7.
Art therapy as an adjuvant treatment for depression in elderly women: a randomized controlled trial
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Ciasca, Eliana C.
; Ferreira, Rita C.
; Santana, Carmen L.A.
; Forlenza, Orestes V.
; dos Santos, Glenda D.
; Brum, Paula S.
; Nunes, Paula V.
.
Objective: There are few quantitative studies on art therapy for the treatment of depression. The objective of this study was to evaluate if art therapy is beneficial as an adjuvant treatment for depression in the elderly. Methods: A randomized, controlled, single-blind study was carried out in a sample of elderly women with major depressive disorder (MDD) stable on pharmacotherapy. The experimental group (EG) was assigned to 20 weekly art therapy sessions (90 min/session). The control group (CG) was not subjected to any adjuvant intervention. Patients were evaluated at baseline and after 20 weeks, using the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and cognitive measures. Results: Logistic regression analysis adjusted for age revealed that women in EG (n=31) had significant improvement in GDS (p = 0.007), BDI (p = 0.025), and BAI (p = 0.032) scores as compared with controls (n=25). No difference was found in the cognitive measures. Conclusion: Art therapy as an adjunctive treatment for MDD in the elderly can improve depressive and anxiety symptoms. Clinical trial registration: RBR-2YXY7Z
https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2017-2250
24491 downloads
8.
Cell migration inhibition activity of a non-RGD disintegrin from Crotalus durissus collilineatus venom
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Oliveira, Isadora Sousa de
; Manzini, Rafaella Varzoni
; Ferreira, Isabela Gobbo
; Cardoso, Iara Aimê
; Bordon, Karla de Castro Figueiredo
; Machado, Ana Rita Thomazela
; Antunes, Lusânia Maria Greggi
; Rosa, José Cesar
; Arantes, Eliane Candiani
.
Journal of Venomous Animals and Toxins including Tropical Diseases
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Abstract Background: In recent decades, snake venom disintegrins have received special attention due to their potential use in anticancer therapy. Disintegrins are small and cysteine-rich proteins present in snake venoms and can interact with specific integrins to inhibit their activities in cell-cell and cell-ECM interactions. These molecules, known to inhibit platelet aggregation, are also capable of interacting with certain cancer-related integrins, and may interfere in important processes involved in carcinogenesis. Therefore, disintegrin from Crotalus durissus collilineatus venom was isolated, structurally characterized and evaluated for its toxicity and ability to interfere with cell proliferation and migration in MDA-MB-231, a human breast cancer cell line. Methods: Based on previous studies, disintegrin was isolated by FPLC, through two chromatographic steps, both on reversed phase C-18 columns. The isolated disintegrin was structurally characterized by Tris-Tricine-SDS-PAGE, mass spectrometry and N-terminal sequencing. For the functional assays, MTT and wound-healing assays were performed in order to investigate cytotoxicity and effect on cell migration in vitro, respectively. Results: Disintegrin presented a molecular mass of 7287.4 Da and its amino acid sequence shared similarity with the disintegrin domain of P-II metalloproteases. Using functional assays, the disintegrin showed low cytotoxicity (15% and 17%, at 3 and 6 μg/mL, respectively) after 24 h of incubation and in the wound-healing assay, the disintegrin (3 μg/mL) was able to significantly inhibit cell migration (24%, p < 0.05), compared to negative control. Conclusion: Thus, our results demonstrate that non-RGD disintegrin from C. d. collilineatus induces low cytotoxicity and inhibits migration of human breast cancer cells. Therefore, it may be a very useful molecular tool for understanding ECM-cell interaction cancer-related mechanisms involved in an important integrin family that highlights molecular aspects of tumorigenesis. Also, non-RGD disintegrin has potential to serve as an agent in anticancer therapy or adjuvant component combined with other anticancer drugs.
https://doi.org/10.1186/s40409-018-0167-6
518 downloads
9.
Caraterização química de amostras silvestres e comerciais de Achillea millefolium L.
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Dias, Maria Inês
; Barros, Lillian
; Carvalho, Ana Maria
; Alves, Rita C.
; Oliveira, M. Beatriz P.P.
; Ferreira, Isabel C.F.R.
.
As plantas medicinais têm vindo a ser usadas desde tempos ancestrais e surgem hoje em dia como uma alternativa aos produtos sintéticos, devido à sua riqueza em compostos bioativos. Achillea millefolium L. pertence à família das Asteraceae e é vulgarmente conhecida como milefólio ou milfolhada, sendo muito comum em prados, caminhos, campos de cultivo e quintais. No presente trabalho, foram caracterizadas amostras comerciais e silvestres de A. millefolium em termos de composição nutricional e perfil em açúcares livres, ácidos orgânicos, ácidos gordos e tocoferóis, determinados por técnicas cromatográficas acopladas a diferentes detectores (HPLC-RI, HPLC-PDA, GC-FID e HPLC-fluorescência, respetivamente). Os hidratos de carbono, seguidos das proteínas, foram os macronutrientes maioritários em ambas as amostras. A amostra comercial mostrou um teor mais elevado de gordura, proteínas, cinzas, valor energético e açúcares totais A amostra silvestre revelou maior conteúdo em hidratos de carbono; também revelou a presença de rafinose, ácidos gordos polinsaturados e ácidos orgânicos. Relativamente aos tocoferóis, ambas as amostras revelaram um perfil muito semelhante, apesar da amostra silvestre ter mostrado uma maior concentração em tocoferóis totais. Os resultados obtidos são uma prova clara que as plantas usadas na medicina tradicional podem ter aplicabilidade não só em produtos caseiros mas também na indústria alimentar e farmacêutica como fonte de compostos bioativos.
Medicinal plants have been used since ancient times and emerge nowadays as an alternative for synthetic products, due to their richness in bioactive compounds. Achillea millefolium L., commonly known as yarrow, belongs to the Asteraceae family being found in meadows, pathways, crop fields and homegardens. In the present work, commercial and wild samples of A. millefolium were characterized in terms of nutritional composition and free sugars, organic acids, fatty acids and tocopherols profile, determined by chromatographic techniques coupled to different detectors (HPLC-RI, HPLC-PDA, GC-FID and HPLC-fluorescence, respectively). Carbohydrates, followed by proteins, were the majority macronutrients found in both samples. The commercial sample showed a higher content of fat, proteins, ash, energy and total sugars. The wild sample revealed a higher content in carbohydrates, also showing the presence of raffinose, polyunsaturated fatty acids and organic acids. Regarding tocopherols, both samples showed a very similar profile, although the wild sample exhibited a higher content in total tocopherols. The results obtained highlight the fact that the plants used in traditional medicine may have applicability not only in homemade products but also in food and pharmaceutical industry, as a source of bioactive compounds.
https://doi.org/10.19084/RCA16215
686 downloads
10.
ESTUDO CINÉTICO DE DECOMPOSIÇÃO TÉRMICA DE ESPUMAS RÍGIDAS DE POLIURETANO POR REDE NEURAL ARTIFICIAL
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Ferreira, Bárbara D. L.
; Silva, Virgínia R.
; Jacobsem, Bruna Berger
; Yoshida, Maria Irene
; Sebastiao, Rita C. O.
.
Kinetic models of solid thermal decomposition are traditionally used for individual fit of isothermal experimental data. However, this methodology presents unacceptable errors in some regions of the data. To solve this problem, a neural network was adopted in this work. The implemented algorithm uses the rate constants as predetermined weights between the input and intermediate layer and kinetic models as activation functions of neurons in the hidden layer. The contribution of each model in the overall fit of experimental data is calculated as the weights between the intermediate and output layer. In this way, the phenomenon is better described as a sum of kinetic processes. Two rigid polyurethane foam samples: loaded with Al2O3 and no inorganic filler were used in this work. The R3 and D2 models described the thermal decomposition kinetic process for all temperatures for both foams with smaller residual error. However, the network, combining the kinetic models, presented residual errors on average 102 times lower compared to these individual models. The determined activation energy is 12.44 kJ mol-1 higher for the loaded foam. This result corroborates the use of this material as flame retardant, even with the presence of a small amount of charge in its structure.
https://doi.org/10.21577/0100-4042.20170128
965 downloads
11.
Assessment and kinetics of soil phosphatase in Brazilian Savanna systems
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A atividade e cinética das fosfatases do solo são importantes indicadores para avaliar a qualidade do solo em sítios específicos tais como Cerrado (Savana brasileira). Este estudo objetivou determinar a atividade e os parâmetros cinéticos da fosfatase do solo em sistemas do Cerrado. A atividade de fosfatase do solo foi avaliada em amostras de Cerrado nativo (CN), plantio direto (PD), plantio convencional (PC) e pastagem com Brachiaria brizantha (PBb) e avaliada com tampão de acetato (TA), tampão tris-HCl (TT), tampão modificado universal (TMU) e baixo-TMU. A equação de Michaelis-Menten e o modelo de Eadie-Hofstee foram usados para avaliar os parâmetros cinéticos da fosfatase do solo usando diferentes concentrações de p-nitrofenol fosfato (p-NFF). O TMU indicou a menor atividade de fosfatase do solo, enquanto que TA em CN e PC, a maior atividade. O baixo-TMU diminuiu as interferências na avaliação da atividade de fosfatase do solo quando comparado à TMU, sugerindo que ácidos orgânicos interferem na atividade da fosfatase do solo. Em CN e PD, a atividade de fosfatase do solo com TT foi similar à TA e baixo-TMU. Os valores de Km da equação de Michaelis-Menten foram maiores em CN do que em PD, indicando menor afinidade da atividade de fosfatase para o substrato em CN. Os valores de Vmax foram também maiores em CN quando comparados com PD. O modelo de Eadie-Hofstee indicou que CN tem mais isoformas de fosfatase no solo quando comparado com PD. O estudo mostrou que o tipo de tampão é de fundamental importância para avaliar a atividade de fosfatase em solos de Cerrado.
The activity and kinetics of soil phosphatases are important indicators to evaluate soil quality in specific sites such as the Cerrado (Brazilian Savanna). This study aimed to determine the activity and kinetic parameters of soil phosphatase in Cerrado systems. Soil phosphatase activity was assessed in samples of native Cerrado (NC), no-tillage (NT), conventional tillage (CT) and pasture with Brachiaria brizantha (PBb) and evaluated with acetate buffer (AB), tris-HCl buffer (TB), modified universal buffer (MUB) and low MUB. The Michaelis-Menten equation and Eadie-Hofstee model were applied to obtain the kinetic parameters of soil phosphatase using different concentrations of p-nitrophenol phosphate (p-NPP). MUB showed the lowest soil phosphatase activity in all soils whereas AB in NC and NT presented the highest. Low MUB decreased interferences in the assessment of soil phosphatase activity when compared to MUB, suggesting that organic acids interfere on the soil phosphatase activity. In NC and NT, soil phosphatase activity performed with TB was similar to AB and low MUB. Km values from the Michaels-Menten equation were higher in NC than in NT, which indicate a lower affinity of phosphatase activity for the substrate in NC. Vmax values were also higher in NC than in NT. The Eadie-Hofstee model suggests that NC had more phosphatase isoforms than NT. The study showed that buffer type is of fundamental importance when assessing soil phosphatase activity in Cerrado soils.
https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201620140033
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12.
Eficácia de Chenopodium ambrosioides (erva-de-santa-maria) no controle de endoparasitos de Coturnix japônica (codorna japonesa)
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Vita, Gilmar F.
; Ferreira, Ildemar
; Pereira, Maria Angélica V. da Costa
; Sanavria, Argemiro
; Aurnheimer, Rita de Cássia M.
; Barbosa, Celso G.
; Gallo, Samira S.M.
; Vasconcellos, Henrique V.G.
.
Resumo:O objetivo foi testar in vitro e in vivo a eficácia da planta medicinal Chenopodium ambrosioidesLinnaeus, 1786 (erva-de-santa-maria), nas formas fitoterápica e homeopática, como meios alternativos para o controle de endoparasitos de Coturnix japonica Temminck & Schlegel, 1849 (codorna japonesa), um sério problema que afeta a criação e desempenho de aves domésticas, ocasionando morte quando muito intenso, retardo de crescimento, redução de índice de conversão alimentar e aumento na suscetibilidade às doenças infecciosas. As metodologias utilizadas foram preconizadas por Coles et al. (1992), creditada pela World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology (WAAVP). A pesquisa evidenciou a presença dos gêneros Ascaridiae Eimeria. O ensaio in vitro demonstrou alta taxa de redução na inibição de eclosão de ovos de Ascaridiasp. (100,00%) e significativa taxa de redução na destruição de oocistos de Eimeriasp. (47,06%). O ensaio in vivodemonstrou alta taxa de redução na contagem de ovos de Ascaridiasp. nas fezes (100,00%) e expressiva taxa de redução na contagem de oocistos de Eimeriasp. nas fezes (60,33%). Chenopodium ambrosioides mostrou em certos momentos superioridade frente ao produto tradicional (Thiabendazole/Mebendazole) e índices superiores aos preconizados pelo Ministério da Agricultura do Brasil e Organização Mundial da Saúde como indicativos de eficácia.
Abstract:The aim was in vitro and in vivo to test the effectiveness of Chenopodium ambrosioides Linnaeus, 1786 (santa maria herb) medicinal plant, in regard to phytotherapeutic and homeopathic forms as alternative methods to control Coturnix japonica Temminck & Schlegel, 1849 (japanese quail) endoparasites. The parasitosis is a serious problem affecting domestic poultry raising and performance causing death, delay in grow, food conversion rate reduction and increase of susceptibility to infectious diseases. Methodologies were advocated by Coles et al. (1992), corroborated by World Association for the Advancement of Veterinary Parasitology (WAAVP). Presence of the genera Ascaridia and Eimeria was displayed by this survey. In vitro essay demonstrated high reduction rate on eggs eclosion inhibition of Ascaridia sp. (100.00%) and significant reduction rate on oocyst destruction of Eimeria sp. (47.06%). In vivo essay demonstrated high fecal egg counting reduction rate of Ascaridia sp. (100.00%) and expressive fecal oocyst counting reduction rate of Eimeriasp. (60.33%). C. ambrosioides showed upper rates front traditional product (Thiabendalol/Mebendazol) as well as to those ones advocated by the Brazilian Ministry of Agriculturel and the World Health Organization as effectiveness indicative.
https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-736X2015000500006
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13.
Growing knowledge: an overview of Seed Plant diversity in Brazil
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Zappi, Daniela C.
; Filardi, Fabiana L. Ranzato
; Leitman, Paula
; Souza, Vinícius C.
; Walter, Bruno M.T.
; Pirani, José R.
; Morim, Marli P.
; Queiroz, Luciano P.
; Cavalcanti, Taciana B.
; Mansano, Vidal F.
; Forzza, Rafaela C.
; Abreu, Maria C.
; Acevedo-Rodríguez, Pedro
; Agra, Maria F.
; Almeida Jr., Eduardo B.
; Almeida, Gracineide S.S.
; Almeida, Rafael F.
; Alves, Flávio M.
; Alves, Marccus
; Alves-Araujo, Anderson
; Amaral, Maria C.E.
; Amorim, André M.
; Amorim, Bruno
; Andrade, Ivanilza M.
; Andreata, Regina H.P.
; Andrino, Caroline O.
; Anunciação, Elisete A.
; Aona, Lidyanne Y.S.
; Aranguren, Yani
; Aranha Filho, João L.M.
; Araújo, Andrea O.
; Araújo, Ariclenes A.M.
; Araújo, Diogo
; Arbo, María M.
; Assis, Leandro
; Assis, Marta C.
; Assunção, Vivian A.
; Athiê-Souza, Sarah M.
; Azevedo, Cecilia O.
; Baitello, João B.
; Barberena, Felipe F.V.A.
; Barbosa, Maria R.V.
; Barros, Fábio
; Barros, Lucas A.V.
; Barros, Michel J.F.
; Baumgratz, José F.A.
; Bernacci, Luis C.
; Berry, Paul E.
; Bigio, Narcísio C.
; Biral, Leonardo
; Bittrich, Volker
; Borges, Rafael A.X.
; Bortoluzzi, Roseli L.C.
; Bove, Cláudia P.
; Bovini, Massimo G.
; Braga, João M.A.
; Braz, Denise M.
; Bringel Jr., João B.A.
; Bruniera, Carla P.
; Buturi, Camila V.
; Cabral, Elza
; Cabral, Fernanda N.
; Caddah, Mayara K.
; Caires, Claudenir S.
; Calazans, Luana S.B.
; Calió, Maria F.
; Camargo, Rodrigo A.
; Campbell, Lisa
; Canto-Dorow, Thais S.
; Carauta, Jorge P.P.
; Cardiel, José M.
; Cardoso, Domingos B.O.S.
; Cardoso, Leandro J.T.
; Carneiro, Camila R.
; Carneiro, Cláudia E.
; Carneiro-Torres, Daniela S.
; Carrijo, Tatiana T.
; Caruzo, Maria B.R.
; Carvalho, Maria L.S.
; Carvalho-Silva, Micheline
; Castello, Ana C.D.
; Cavalheiro, Larissa
; Cervi, Armando C.
; Chacon, Roberta G.
; Chautems, Alain
; Chiavegatto, Berenice
; Chukr, Nádia S.
; Coelho, Alexa A.O.P.
; Coelho, Marcus A.N.
; Coelho, Rubens L.G.
; Cordeiro, Inês
; Cordula, Elizabeth
; Cornejo, Xavier
; Côrtes, Ana L.A.
; Costa, Andrea F.
; Costa, Fabiane N.
; Costa, Jorge A.S.
; Costa, Leila C.
; Costa-e-Silva, Maria B.
; Costa-Lima, James L.
; Cota, Maria R.C.
; Couto, Ricardo S.
; Daly, Douglas C.
; De Stefano, Rodrigo D.
; De Toni, Karen
; Dematteis, Massimiliano
; Dettke, Greta A.
; Di Maio, Fernando R.
; Dórea, Marcos C.
; Duarte, Marília C.
; Dutilh, Julie H.A.
; Dutra, Valquíria F.
; Echternacht, Lívia
; Eggers, Lilian
; Esteves, Gerleni
; Ezcurra, Cecilia
; Falcão Junior, Marcus J.A.
; Feres, Fabíola
; Fernandes, José M.
; Ferreira, D.M.C.
; Ferreira, Fabrício M.
; Ferreira, Gabriel E.
; Ferreira, Priscila P.A.
; Ferreira, Silvana C.
; Ferrucci, Maria S.
; Fiaschi, Pedro
; Filgueiras, Tarciso S.
; Firens, Marcela
; Flores, Andreia S.
; Forero, Enrique
; Forster, Wellington
; Fortuna-Perez, Ana P.
; Fortunato, Reneé H.
; Fraga, Cléudio N.
; França, Flávio
; Francener, Augusto
; Freitas, Joelcio
; Freitas, Maria F.
; Fritsch, Peter W.
; Furtado, Samyra G.
; Gaglioti, André L.
; Garcia, Flávia C.P.
; Germano Filho, Pedro
; Giacomin, Leandro
; Gil, André S.B.
; Giulietti, Ana M.
; A.P.Godoy, Silvana
; Goldenberg, Renato
; Gomes da Costa, Géssica A.
; Gomes, Mário
; Gomes-Klein, Vera L.
; Gonçalves, Eduardo Gomes
; Graham, Shirley
; Groppo, Milton
; Guedes, Juliana S.
; Guimarães, Leonardo R.S.
; Guimarães, Paulo J.F.
; Guimarães, Elsie F.
; Gutierrez, Raul
; Harley, Raymond
; Hassemer, Gustavo
; Hattori, Eric K.O.
; Hefler, Sonia M.
; Heiden, Gustavo
; Henderson, Andrew
; Hensold, Nancy
; Hiepko, Paul
; Holanda, Ana S.S.
; Iganci, João R.V.
; Imig, Daniela C.
; Indriunas, Alexandre
; Jacques, Eliane L.
; Jardim, Jomar G.
; Kamer, Hiltje M.
; Kameyama, Cíntia
; Kinoshita, Luiza S.
; Kirizawa, Mizué
; Klitgaard, Bente B.
; Koch, Ingrid
; Koschnitzke, Cristiana
; Krauss, Nathália P.
; Kriebel, Ricardo
; Kuntz, Juliana
; Larocca, João
; Leal, Eduardo S.
; Lewis, Gwilym P.
; Lima, Carla T.
; Lima, Haroldo C.
; Lima, Itamar B.
; Lima, Laíce F.G.
; Lima, Laura C.P.
; Lima, Leticia R.
; Lima, Luís F.P.
; Lima, Rita B.
; Lírio, Elton J.
; Liro, Renata M.
; Lleras, Eduardo
; Lobão, Adriana
; Loeuille, Benoit
; Lohmann, Lúcia G.
; Loiola, Maria I.B.
; Lombardi, Julio A.
; Longhi-Wagner, Hilda M.
; Lopes, Rosana C.
; Lorencini, Tiago S.
; Louzada, Rafael B.
; Lovo, Juliana
; Lozano, Eduardo D.
; Lucas, Eve
; Ludtke, Raquel
; Luz, Christian L.
; Maas, Paul
; Machado, Anderson F.P.
; Macias, Leila
; Maciel, Jefferson R.
; Magenta, Mara A.G.
; Mamede, Maria C.H.
; Manoel, Evelin A.
; Marchioretto, Maria S.
; Marques, Juliana S.
; Marquete, Nilda
; Marquete, Ronaldo
; Martinelli, Gustavo
; Martins da Silva, Regina C.V.
; Martins, Ângela B.
; Martins, Erika R.
; Martins, Márcio L.L.
; Martins, Milena V.
; Martins, Renata C.
; Matias, Ligia Q.
; Maya-L., Carlos A.
; Mayo, Simon
; Mazine, Fiorella
; Medeiros, Debora
; Medeiros, Erika S.
; Medeiros, Herison
; Medeiros, João D.
; Meireles, José E.
; Mello-Silva, Renato
; Melo, Aline
; Melo, André L.
; Melo, Efigênia
; Melo, José I.M.
; Menezes, Cristine G.
; Menini Neto, Luiz
; Mentz, Lilian A.
; Mezzonato, A.C.
; Michelangeli, Fabián A.
; Milward-de-Azevedo, Michaele A.
; Miotto, Silvia T.S.
; Miranda, Vitor F.O.
; Mondin, Cláudio A.
; Monge, Marcelo
; Monteiro, Daniele
; Monteiro, Raquel F.
; Moraes, Marta D.
; Moraes, Pedro L.R.
; Mori, Scott A.
; Mota, Aline C.
; Mota, Nara F.O.
; Moura, Tania M.
; Mulgura, Maria
; Nakajima, Jimi N.
; Nardy, Camila
; Nascimento Júnior, José E.
; Noblick, Larry
; Nunes, Teonildes S.
; O'Leary, Nataly
; Oliveira, Arline S.
; Oliveira, Caetano T.
; Oliveira, Juliana A.
; Oliveira, Luciana S.D.
; Oliveira, Maria L.A.A.
; Oliveira, Regina C.
; Oliveira, Renata S.
; Oliveira, Reyjane P.
; Paixão-Souza, Bruno
; Parra, Lara R.
; Pasini, Eduardo
; Pastore, José F.B.
; Pastore, Mayara
; Paula-Souza, Juliana
; Pederneiras, Leandro C.
; Peixoto, Ariane L.
; Pelissari, Gisela
; Pellegrini, Marco O.O.
; Pennington, Toby
; Perdiz, Ricardo O.
; Pereira, Anna C.M.
; Pereira, Maria S.
; Pereira, Rodrigo A.S.
; Pessoa, Clenia
; Pessoa, Edlley M.
; Pessoa, Maria C.R.
; Pinto, Luiz J.S.
; Pinto, Rafael B.
; Pontes, Tiago A.
; Prance, Ghillean T.
; Proença, Carolyn
; Profice, Sheila R.
; Pscheidt, Allan C.
; Queiroz, George A.
; Queiroz, Rubens T.
; Quinet, Alexandre
; Rainer, Heimo
; Ramos, Eliana
; Rando, Juliana G.
; Rapini, Alessandro
; Reginato, Marcelo
; Reis, Ilka P.
; Reis, Priscila A.
; Ribeiro, André R.O.
; Ribeiro, José E.L.S.
; Riina, Ricarda
; Ritter, Mara R.
; Rivadavia, Fernando
; Rocha, Antônio E.S.
; Rocha, Maria J.R.
; Rodrigues, Izabella M.C.
; Rodrigues, Karina F.
; Rodrigues, Rodrigo S.
; Rodrigues, Rodrigo S.
; Rodrigues, Vinícius T.
; Rodrigues, William
; Romaniuc Neto, Sérgio
; Romão, Gerson O.
; Romero, Rosana
; Roque, Nádia
; Rosa, Patrícia
; Rossi, Lúcia
; Sá, Cyl F.C.
; Saavedra, Mariana M.
; Saka, Mariana
; Sakuragui, Cássia M.
; Salas, Roberto M.
; Sales, Margareth F.
; Salimena, Fatima R.G.
; Sampaio, Daniela
; Sancho, Gisela
; Sano, Paulo T.
; Santos, Alessandra
; Santos, Élide P.
; Santos, Juliana S.
; Santos, Marianna R.
; Santos-Gonçalves, Ana P.
; Santos-Silva, Fernanda
; São-Mateus, Wallace
; Saraiva, Deisy P.
; Saridakis, Dennis P.
; Sartori, Ângela L.B.
; Scalon, Viviane R.
; Schneider, Ângelo
; Sebastiani, Renata
; Secco, Ricardo S.
; Senna, Luisa
; Senna-Valle, Luci
; Shirasuna, Regina T.
; Silva Filho, Pedro J.S.
; Silva, Anádria S.
; Silva, Christian
; Silva, Genilson A.R.
; Silva, Gisele O.
; Silva, Márcia C.R.
; Silva, Marcos J.
; Silva, Marcos J.
; Silva, Otávio L.M.
; Silva, Rafaela A.P.
; Silva, Saura R.
; Silva, Tania R.S.
; Silva-Gonçalves, Kelly C.
; Silva-Luz, Cíntia L.
; Simão-Bianchini, Rosângela
; Simões, André O.
; Simpson, Beryl
; Siniscalchi, Carolina M.
; Siqueira Filho, José A.
; Siqueira, Carlos E.
; Siqueira, Josafá C.
; Smith, Nathan P.
; Snak, Cristiane
; Soares Neto, Raimundo L.
; Soares, Kelen P.
; Soares, Marcos V.B.
; Soares, Maria L.
; Soares, Polyana N.
; Sobral, Marcos
; Sodré, Rodolfo C.
; Somner, Genise V.
; Sothers, Cynthia A.
; Sousa, Danilo J.L.
; Souza, Elnatan B.
; Souza, Élvia R.
; Souza, Marcelo
; Souza, Maria L.D.R.
; Souza-Buturi, Fátima O.
; Spina, Andréa P.
; Stapf, María N.S.
; Stefano, Marina V.
; Stehmann, João R.
; Steinmann, Victor
; Takeuchi, Cátia
; Taylor, Charlotte M.
; Taylor, Nigel P.
; Teles, Aristônio M.
; Temponi, Lívia G.
; Terra-Araujo, Mário H.
; Thode, Veronica
; Thomas, W.Wayt
; Tissot-Squalli, Mara L.
; Torke, Benjamin M.
; Torres, Roseli B.
; Tozzi, Ana M.G.A.
; Trad, Rafaela J.
; Trevisan, Rafael
; Trovó, Marcelo
; Valls, José F.M.
; Vaz, Angela M.S.F.
; Versieux, Leonardo
; Viana, Pedro L.
; Vianna Filho, Marcelo D.M.
; Vieira, Ana O.S.
; Vieira, Diego D.
; Vignoli-Silva, Márcia
; Vilar, Thaisa
; Vinhos, Franklin
; Wallnöfer, Bruno
; Wanderley, Maria G.L.
; Wasshausen, Dieter
; Watanabe, Maurício T.C.
; Weigend, Maximilian
; Welker, Cassiano A.D.
; Woodgyer, Elizabeth
; Xifreda, Cecilia C.
; Yamamoto, Kikyo
; Zanin, Ana
; Zenni, Rafael D.
; Zickel, Carmem S
.
Resumo Um levantamento atualizado das plantas com sementes e análises relevantes acerca desta biodiversidade são apresentados. Este trabalho se iniciou em 2010 com a publicação do Catálogo de Plantas e Fungos e, desde então vem sendo atualizado por mais de 430 especialistas trabalhando online. O Brasil abriga atualmente 32.086 espécies nativas de Angiospermas e 23 espécies nativas de Gimnospermas e estes novos dados mostram um aumento de 3% da riqueza em relação a 2010. A Amazônia é o Domínio Fitogeográfico com o maior número de espécies de Gimnospermas, enquanto que a Floresta Atlântica possui a maior riqueza de Angiospermas. Houve um crescimento considerável no número de espécies e nas taxas de endemismo para a maioria dos Domínios (Caatinga, Cerrado, Floresta Atlântica, Pampa e Pantanal), com exceção da Amazônia que apresentou uma diminuição de 2,5% de endemicidade. Entretanto, a maior parte das plantas com sementes que ocorrem no Brasil (57,4%) é endêmica deste território. A proporção de formas de vida varia de acordo com os diferentes Domínios: árvores são mais expressivas na Amazônia e Floresta Atlântica do que nos outros biomas, ervas são dominantes no Pampa e as lianas apresentam riqueza expressiva na Amazônia, Floresta Atlântica e Pantanal. Este trabalho não só quantifica a biodiversidade brasileira, mas também indica as lacunas de conhecimento e o desafio a ser enfrentado para a conservação desta flora.
Abstract An updated inventory of Brazilian seed plants is presented and offers important insights into the country's biodiversity. This work started in 2010, with the publication of the Plants and Fungi Catalogue, and has been updated since by more than 430 specialists working online. Brazil is home to 32,086 native Angiosperms and 23 native Gymnosperms, showing an increase of 3% in its species richness in relation to 2010. The Amazon Rainforest is the richest Brazilian biome for Gymnosperms, while the Atlantic Rainforest is the richest one for Angiosperms. There was a considerable increment in the number of species and endemism rates for biomes, except for the Amazon that showed a decrease of 2.5% of recorded endemics. However, well over half of Brazillian seed plant species (57.4%) is endemic to this territory. The proportion of life-forms varies among different biomes: trees are more expressive in the Amazon and Atlantic Rainforest biomes while herbs predominate in the Pampa, and lianas are more expressive in the Amazon, Atlantic Rainforest, and Pantanal. This compilation serves not only to quantify Brazilian biodiversity, but also to highlight areas where there information is lacking and to provide a framework for the challenge faced in conserving Brazil's unique and diverse flora.
https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860201566411
33340 downloads
14.
Higher order aberrations in amblyopic children and their role in refractory amblyopia
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Dias-Santos, Arnaldo
; Rosa, Rita
; Ferreira, Joana
; Cunha, João P.
; Brito, Cristina
; Paixão, Ana
; Toscano, Alcina
.
Objetivo: Alguns estudos levantaram a hipótese de que um perfil aberrométrico de alta ordem desfavorável poderia ser um fator ambliogênico, responsável por certos casos de ambliopia “idiopática” ou refratária ao tratamento convencional. Este trabalho tem como objetivos: 1) comparar o perfil aberrométrico de crianças amblíopes com o de crianças com desenvolvimento visual normal; 2) comparar a aberrometria de olhos amblíopes tratados com sucesso/curados e olhos amblíopes refratários ao tratamento convencional com a aberrometria de olhos saudáveis. Métodos: Estudo transversal com três grupos de crianças: grupo CA (22 olhos de 11 crianças com ambliopia unilateral curada), grupo RA (24 olhos de 13 crianças com ambliopia unilateral refratária) e grupo C (28 olhos de 14 crianças com desenvolvimento visual normal). Avaliou-se a aberrometria ocular total utilizando o OPD Scan-III (NIDEK). Comparou-se o perfil aberrométrico dos três grupos de estudo bem como dentro dos grupos CA e RA, o olho amblíope com o saudável. Resultados: As aberrações de alta ordem com maior impacto na qualidade visual não foram significativamente superiores nos grupos CA e RA, comparativamente ao grupo C. Por outro lado, não se encontraram diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre o perfil aberrométrico de alta ordem dos olhos amblíopes e dos olhos sãos dentro dos grupos CA e RA. Conclusão: Contrariamente às aberrações de baixa ordem (miopia, hipermetropia, astigmatismo primário), as de alta ordem não parecem relacionar-se com a etiopatogênese da ambliopia. É também pouco provável que estas sejam a causa da maioria dos casos de ambliopia refratária.
Objective: Some studies have hypothesized that an unfavourable higher order aberrometric profile could act as an amblyogenic mechanism and may be responsible for some amblyopic cases that are refractory to conventional treatment or cases of “idiopathic” amblyopia. This study compared the aberrometric profile in amblyopic children to that of children with normal visual development and compared the aberrometric profile in corrected amblyopic eyes and refractory amblyopic eyes with that of healthy eyes. Methods: Cross-sectional study with three groups of children – the CA group (22 eyes of 11 children with unilateral corrected amblyopia), the RA group (24 eyes of 13 children with unilateral refractory amblyopia) and the C group (28 eyes of 14 children with normal visual development). Higher order aberrations were evaluated using an OPD-Scan III (NIDEK). Comparisons of the aberrometric profile were made between these groups as well as between the amblyopic and healthy eyes within the CA and RA groups. Results: Higher order aberrations with greater impact in visual quality were not significantly higher in the CA and RA groups when compared with the C group. Moreover, there were no statistically significant differences in the higher order aberrometric profile between the amblyopic and healthy eyes within the CA and RA groups. Conclusions: Contrary to lower order aberrations (e.g., myopia, hyperopia, primary astigmatism), higher order aberrations do not seem to be involved in the etiopathogenesis of amblyopia. Therefore, these are likely not the cause of most cases of refractory amblyopia.
https://doi.org/10.5935/0034-7280.20140075
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The prevalence of overweight and obesity in adolescents in Bahia, Brazil
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Ferreira Marques, Cibele Dantas
; Càssia Ribeiro Silva, Rita de
; Machado, Maria Ester C.
; Portela de Santana, Mônica Leila
; Castro de Andrade Cairo, Romilda
; Jesus Pinto, Elizabete de
; Oliveira Reis Maciel, Leonardo
; Rodrigues Silva, Luciana
.
Aim: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 1,477 middle school students enrolled in the public school network in Salvador, Bahia, Brazil to assess the prevalence of overweight and obesity. Methods: The sample was determined using a two-stage cluster sampling technique for selecting schools and classes. A posteriori error was estimated. The students were classified as overweight or obese according to the World Health Organization's 2007 classifications. They were also classified according to age, stage of sexual maturity, socioeconomic class and the presence of abdominal obesity. Results: Overall, 9.3% of the students were overweight and 6.4% were obese; therefore, 15.7% of the students were considered to have excess weight (obesity + overweight), at a 95% confidence interval. Abdominal obesity was found in 12.9% of all students and in 13% of those of normal weight. An association was found between excess weight and age < 14 years (p = 0.030) and abdominal obesity (p = 0.001). Conclusions: Intervention programs should be implemented to prevent and treat obesity in childhood and adolescence. In addition, professionals working with individuals in this age group should be sensitized to this problem. The need to standardize the anthropometric indicators used in the different studies is also emphasized.
Objetivo: Un estudio transversal se llevó a cabo con 1477 estudiantes de primaria matriculados en las escuelas públicas de Salvador, Bahía, Brasil, para evaluar la prevalencia del sobrepeso y la obesidad. Métodos: La muestra se determinó por la técnica de muestreo por conglomerados en dos etapas para la selección de escuelas y clases. Más tarde, posteriori error se calculó. Los estudiantes fueron clasificados como sobrepeso u obesos de acuerdo con la clasificación de la Organización Mundial de la Salud, 2007. Ellos también fueron clasificados de acuerdo a la edad, la etapa de maduración sexual, y la presencia de obesidad abdominal. Resultados: En general, el 9,3% de los estudiantes tenían sobrepeso y el 6,4% eran obesos, por lo tanto, el 15,7% de los alumnos se considera que tienen exceso de peso (sobrepeso + obesidad), con un intervalo de confianza del 95%. De la población total estudiada el 12,9% presentaron obesidad abdominal, esta condición se observa en el 13% de su peso normal. Se encontró asociación entre el sobrepeso y la edad < 14 años (p = 0,030) y obesidad abdominal (p = 0,001). Conclusiones: Los programas de intervención deben ser implementados para prevenir y tratar la obesidad en la infancia y la adolescencia. Además, los profesionales que trabajan con las personas en este grupo de edad deben ser sensibles a este problema. La necesidad de estandarizar los indicadores antropométricos utilizados en los diferentes estudios se enfatiza también.
https://doi.org/10.3305/nh.2013.28.2.6187
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