As pontas de pulverização são responsáveis pela formação das gotas, e cada ponta apresenta características próprias relacionadas ao espectro de gotas e perfil de deposição, específicas para determinados alvos. Este trabalho teve o objetivo de caracterizar o diâmetro e a uniformidade das gotas e o perfil de distribuição volumétrica das pontas de pulverização AI 110015 e TTI 110015, bem como seu efeito sobre a mortalidade de corda-de-viola, com herbicida pré-emergente, associado ou não a adjuvantes. Avaliou-se o número de plantas emergidas e os pesos secos da parte aérea e radicular das plantas. Os perfis de distribuição volumétrica para a altura de 40 cm foram avaliados em mesa de deposição. A partir dos perfis de distribuição, simulou-se o padrão de deposição ao longo da barra de pulverização. O espectro do diâmetro de gotas foi determinado em analisador de tamanho de partículas por difração de luz laser . O herbicida diuron + hexazinona foi eficiente no controle em préemergência de corda-de-viola, podendo ser utilizado polimetil siloxano organomodificado ou óleo mineral como adjuvantes, associados às pontas de pulverização AI 110015 ou TTI 110015. O uso de adjuvantes proporcionou aumento no diâmetro mediano volumétrico e redução na porcentagem de gotas com diâmetro inferior a 100 µm. O espaçamento sugerido entre os bicos na barra de pulverização foi de 70 cm para o modelo AI 110015 e 80 cm para o modelo TTI 110015.

Nozzles are responsible for the formation of drops, with each side presenting its own characteristics related to droplet deposition spectrum and profile specific to certain targets. This study aimed to characterize the diameter and uniformity of the droplets and volumetric distribution profile of nozzles AI 110015 and 110015 TTI, as well as their effect on the mortality of scarlet morningglory, using pre-emergent herbicide, alone or combined with adjuvants. The number of emerging plants and dry weight of shoot and root growth were evaluated. Volumetric distribution profiles for a 40cm height were evaluated in a table deposition. Based on the distribution profiles, a deposition pattern was simulated along the spray boom. Droplet diameter spectrum was determined in a particle size analyzer by laser light diffraction. The herbicide mixture diuron + hexazinone was effective in controlling pre-emergence scarlet morningglory, and organo-modified polymethyl siloxane or mineral oil may be used as adjuvants, in association with nozzles AI 110015 or 110015 TTI. The use of adjuvants allowed the increase in volume median diameter and reduction in the percentage of droplets with diameter below 100 micrometers. The suggested spacing between nozzles on the spray bar was 70 cm for AI 110015 and 80 cm for the TTI 110015.

The knowledge of spray distribution pattern and analysis of droplets size of spray hydraulic nozzles turbo Floodjet TF-VS2 to adapt the spacing on spray boom are very important for a proper and correct use and recommendations. The aim of this study was to determine the maximum spacing on the horizontal spraying boom held on a patternator to the tips TF-VS2, under pressures of 100, 200 and 300 kPa in heights of work of 40 and 50 cm. Symmetry of spraying fan was determined due empirical and trigonometric methodology. It was also determined the droplets size by means of laser diffraction, with two spray liquids consisting of water and water plus adjuvant under three work pressures, described above. The maximum spacing between nozzles should be 70 and 82cm assuming the coefficient of variation of 10% for the heights of 40 and 50cm respectively. The higher pressure of work provided the lowest volume median diameter (VMD) and the worst uniformity of drops, beyond the higher percentage of drops susceptible to drift and improve the spray symmetry.

El conocimiento de las características de las diferentes boquillas de pulverización tiene una importancia imprescindible para la adecuada y correcta recomendación de su uso. El objetivo de este trabajo fue determinar el espaciamiento máximo en la barra horizontal de pulverización, la simetría del chorro y el diámetro de gotas en boquillas de pulverización TF-VS2. El trabajo fue realizado en mesa de deposición, en donde fueron utilizadas las presiones de 100, 200 y 300 kPa en las alturas de trabajo de 40 y 50 cm. La simetría del chorro fue determinada en función de dos metodologías (empírica y trigonométrica). También se determinó el tamaño de las gotas, utilizando el método de difracción de rayos laser, en función de dos caldos de pulverización constituidos por agua y por agua con adyuvante en las tres presiones de trabajo ya descritas. Los espaciamientos máximos entre las boquillas en la barra de pulverización no pueden rebasar los 70 y 82 cm, admitiéndose el CV de un 10% para las alturas de 40 y de 50 cm respectivamente. La mayor presión proporcionó el menor diámetro mediano volumétrico (DMV) y la peor uniformidad de gotas, además del mayor porcentaje de gotas susceptibles a deriva, así como también aumentó la simetría entre los chorros.

The application of the Principal Component of Analysis (PCA) over the theoretical data of a series of substituted 1,3-oxazines helps to determine the factors that rule the conformational equilibrium. Repulsive and intertribal syn-1,3-diaxial interactions have been used as determiners for the axial structures, whereas dipolar interactions are preferred in the equatorial conformation. Theoretical variables such as hardness, charges, nuclear repulsion energy and bond order in the different nuclear sectors have been used. PCA method has been successfully used in predicting the hyperconjugative interactions that play an important role in the conformational equilibrium between a given pair of conformers of 1,3-oxazines. The studied 1,3-oxazines belong to three different groups of structures having the heterocyclic ring as a common feature. The axial structures are stabilized by two-electron/two-orbital interactions, whereas the equatorial structures are believed to be stabilized by syn-1,3-diaxial and dipole-dipole interactions