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RESUMO Contexto A hepatite C é um relevante problema de saúde pública. A doença pode permanecer clinicamente silenciosa tanto na forma aguda como na crônica e as infecções crônicas podem progredir para doenças avançadas, tais como cirrose e carcinoma hepatocelular (CHC), requerendo tratamentos dispendiosos, comprometendo a qualidade de vida do paciente e até mesmo levando à morte. Por esta razão, é uma das indicações mais frequentes para o transplante hepático. Apesar da introdução do tratamento com antivirais de ação directa (AAD) representar um progresso notável, muitos pacientes não receberam o tratamento e continuam infectados, e mesmo aqueles que eliminaram a infecção viral devem ser seguidos devido às lesões hepáticas anteriores, especialmente no que diz respeito às alterações da arquitetura lobular e dos vasos sanguíneos e linfáticos. Objetivo Avaliar os aspectos imuno-histoquímicos dos brotos linfáticos e dos vasos linfáticos “maduros” com variáveis histológicas de lesão hepática atribuíveis ao vírus da hepatite C (VHC) e à doença gordurosa. Métodos O presente estudo incluiu 72 biópsias hepáticas em pacientes com hepatite C crônica. Foram analisadas alterações estruturais relativas a “estadiamento” e “atividade”. Reações imuno-histoquímicas foram realizadas com anticorpo D2-40 anti-podoplanina. As principais variáveis histológicas também foram semiquantificadas, de modo a permitir a procura de possíveis associações entre os critérios histológicos e imunohistoquímicos, bem como com os genótipos 1 e 3 do VHC. Resultados Os achados histológicos mostraram que os diferentes graus de alterações estrutural estavam bem representados nesta casuística. A atividade necro-inflamatória lobular/parenquimatosa foi predominantemente leve à moderada. A maioria dos casos não apresentava grandes evidências de doença gordurosa, que foi encontrada significativamente mais elevada nos casos infectados com o genótipo 3 do VHC. A quantidade de brotos linfáticos portais aumentou com a progressão de alterações estruturais, sendo máxima na cirrose. Os brotos linfáticos portais, bem como os vasos linfáticos “maduros” portais também mostraram um aumento paralelo ao aumento do grau de infiltrado inflamatório portal/septal. No presente estudo, não foi encontrada qualquer associação significativa entre a proporção de brotos linfáticos portais ou vasos linfáticos maduros portais e o grau de atividade periportal/periseptal. Não foram detectadas relações significativas entre os brotos linfáticos/vasos maduros e a atividade inflamatória periportal ou atividade inflamatória parenquimatosa, nem com infecções devido ao genótipo 1 ou 3 do VHC. Conclusão A reação imunohistoquímica com anticorpo monoclonal D2-40 possibilitou a visualização e a semiquantitação de brotos e vasos linfáticos “maduros” nas amostras obtidas por biópsia hepática. A quantidade de linfáticos aumentou ao longo do processo fibrogênico, significativamente relacionada com a progressão da doença hepática e máxima na cirrose. Não foram detectadas relações significativas com a atividade necro-inflamatória periportal ou parenquimatosa.

ABSTRACT Background Viral hepatitis C is a significant public health challenge. The disease may remain clinically silent in both acute and chronic forms, and chronic infections may progress to advanced disease such as cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, requiring costly treatment, compromising the patient’s quality of life and even leading to death. For this reason, it is one of the most frequent indications for liver transplantation. Although treatment with direct-acting antivirals represents remarkable progress, many patients are still infected and even those who cleared the viral infection must be followed due to their previous hepatic lesions, especially regarding the disturbances of lobular architecture and the sanguineal and lymphatic vessels. Objective To assess immunohistochemical aspects of lymphatic sprouts and mature lymphatic vascularity with histological variables of liver injury attributable to hepatitis C virus (HCV) and fatty disease. Methods The present study included 72 liver biopsies of cases with chronic hepatitis C. Morphologic changes reflecting “staging” and “activity” were analyzed. Immunohistochemical reactions were performed with monoclonal antibody D2-40 anti-podoplanin. Major histological variables were also semiquantified so as to enable the search for possible associations among histological and Immunohistochemical criteria, as well as with genotypes 1 and 3 of HCV. Results Histological findings showed that the different degrees of strutural changes were well represented in this casuistic. Intralobular/parenchymal necro-inflammatory activity was predominantly mild to moderate. Most cases did not show major evidences of fatty disease, which was found significantly higher in cases infected with HCV genotype 3. The amount of portal lymphatic sprouts increased along with the progression of structural changes, maximal at cirrhosis. Portal lymphatic sprouts as well as portal mature lymphatic vessels also showed an increase parallel to the increase in the degree of portal/septal inflammatory infiltrate. In the present study, no significant association was found between the proportion of portal lymphatic sprouts or portal mature lymphatic vessels and the degree of periportal/periseptal activity. No significant relations were detected between lymphatic sprouts/mature vessels and periportal or parenchymal inflammatory activity, nor with infections due to HCV genotype 1 or 3. Conclusion Visualization and semiquantitation of sprouts and mature lymphatic vessels were clearly yielded by Immunohistochemical staining with monoclonal antibody D2-40. The amount of lymphatics was increased along fibrogenic process, significantly related to progression of liver disease and maximal at cirrhosis. No significant relations were detected with necro-inflammatory activity at interface or in the parenchyma.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s0004-2803.202200001-11

Differentials in death count records by databases in Brazil in 2010
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Diógenes, Victor Hugo Dias

; Pinto Júnior, Elzo Pereira

; Gonzaga, Marcos Roberto

; Queiroz, Bernardo Lanza

; Lima, Everton E. C.

; Costa, Lilia Carolina C. da

; Rocha, Aline S.

; Ferreira, Andrêa J. F.

; Teixeira, Camila S. S.

; Alves, Flávia Jôse O.

; Rameh, Leila

; Flores-Ortiz, Renzo

; Leyland, Alastair

; Dundas, Ruth

; Barreto, Maurício L.

; Ichihara, Maria Yury Travassos

Revista de Saúde Pública

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2022, Volume 56 elocation 92

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To compare the death counts from three sources of information on mortality available in Brazil in 2010, the Mortality Information System (SIM - Sistema de Informações sobre Mortalidade ), Civil Registration Statistic System (RC - Sistema de Estatísticas de Resgistro Civil ), and the 2010 Demographic Census at various geographical levels, and to confirm the association between municipal socioeconomic characteristics and the source which showed the highest death count. METHODS This is a descriptive and comparative study of raw data on deaths in the SIM, RC and 2010 Census databases, the latter held in Brazilian states and municipalities between August 2009 and July 2010. The percentage of municipalities was confirmed by the database showing the highest death count. The association between the source of the highest death count and socioeconomic indicators - the Índice de Privação Brasileiro (IBP – Brazilian Deprivation Index) and Índice de Desenvolvimento Humano Municipal (IHDM – Municipal Human Development Index) - was performed by bivariate choropleth and Moran Local Index of Spatial Association (LISA) cluster maps. RESULTS Confirmed that the SIM is the database with the highest number of deaths counted for all Brazilian macroregions, except the North, in which the highest coverage was from the 2010 Census. Based on the indicators proposed, in general, the Census showed a higher coverage of deaths than the SIM and the RC in the most deprived (highest IBP values) and less developed municipalities (lowest IDHM values) in the country. CONCLUSION The results highlight regional inequalities in how the databases chosen for this study cover death records, and the importance of maintaining the issue of mortality on the basic census questionnaire.

https://doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.2022056004282

Differentials in death count records by databases in Brazil in 2010
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Diógenes, Victor Hugo Dias

; Pinto Júnior, Elzo Pereira

; Gonzaga, Marcos Roberto

; Queiroz, Bernardo Lanza

; Lima, Everton E. C.

; Costa, Lilia Carolina C. da

; Rocha, Aline S.

; Ferreira, Andrêa J. F.

; Teixeira, Camila S. S.

; Alves, Flávia Jôse O.

; Rameh, Leila

; Flores-Ortiz, Renzo

; Leyland, Alastair

; Dundas, Ruth

; Barreto, Maurício L.

; Ichihara, Maria Yury Travassos

Revista de Saúde Pública

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2022, Volume 56 elocation 92

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.2022056004282

Mortality inequalities measured by socioeconomic indicators in Brazil: a scoping review
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Ichihara, Maria Yury

; Ferreira, Andrêa J.F.

; Teixeira, Camila S. S.

; Alves, Flávia Jôse O.

; Rocha, Aline Santos

; Diógenes, Victor Hugo Dias

; Ramos, Dandara Oliveira

; Pinto Júnior, Elzo Pereira

; Flores-Ortiz, Renzo

; Rameh, Leila

; Costa, Lilia Carolina C. da

; Gonzaga, Marcos Roberto

; Lima, Everton E. C.

; Dundas, Ruth

; Leyland, Alastair

; Barreto, Maurício L.

Revista de Saúde Pública

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2022, Volume 56 elocation 85

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE Summarize the literature on the relationship between composite socioeconomic indicators and mortality in different geographical areas of Brazil. METHODS This scoping review included articles published between January 1, 2000, and August 31, 2020, retrieved by means of a bibliographic search carried out in the Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, and Lilacs databases. Studies reporting on the association between composite socioeconomic indicators and all-cause, or specific cause of death in any age group in different geographical areas were selected. The review summarized the measures constructed, their associations with the outcomes, and potential study limitations. RESULTS Of the 77 full texts that met the inclusion criteria, the study reviewed 24. The area level of composite socioeconomic indicators analyzed comprised municipalities (n = 6), districts (n = 5), census tracts (n = 4), state (n = 2), country (n = 2), and other areas (n = 5). Six studies used composite socioeconomic indicators such as the Human Development Index, Gross Domestic Product, and the Gini Index; the remaining 18 papers created their own socioeconomic measures based on sociodemographic and health indicators. Socioeconomic status was inversely associated with higher rates of all-cause mortality, external cause mortality, suicide, homicide, fetal and infant mortality, respiratory and circulatory diseases, stroke, infectious and parasitic diseases, malnutrition, gastroenteritis, and oropharyngeal cancer. Higher mortality rates due to colorectal cancer, leukemia, a general group of neoplasms, traffic accident, and suicide, in turn, were observed in less deprived areas and/or those with more significant socioeconomic development. Underreporting of death and differences in mortality coverage in Brazilian areas were cited as the main limitation. CONCLUSIONS Studies analyzed mortality inequalities in different geographical areas by means of composite socioeconomic indicators, showing that the association directions vary according to the mortality outcome. But studies on all-cause mortality and at the census tract level remain scarce. The results may guide the development of new composite socioeconomic indicators for use in mortality inequality analysis.

https://doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.2022056004178

Mortality inequalities measured by socioeconomic indicators in Brazil: a scoping review
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Ichihara, Maria Yury

; Ferreira, Andrêa J.F.

; Teixeira, Camila S. S.

; Alves, Flávia Jôse O.

; Rocha, Aline Santos

; Diógenes, Victor Hugo Dias

; Ramos, Dandara Oliveira

; Pinto Júnior, Elzo Pereira

; Flores-Ortiz, Renzo

; Rameh, Leila

; Costa, Lilia Carolina C. da

; Gonzaga, Marcos Roberto

; Lima, Everton E. C.

; Dundas, Ruth

; Leyland, Alastair

; Barreto, Maurício L.

Revista de Saúde Pública

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2022, Volume 56 elocation 85

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.11606/s1518-8787.2022056004178

Biomass production of the aquatic macrophyte Ceratopteris pteridoides (Hook.) Hieron (Pteridaceae) in nutrient addition treatments
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Ferreira, Aurélia Bentes

; Piedade, Luiz Rubens

; Piedade, Maria Teresa Fernandez

; Lopes, Aline

Acta Botanica Brasilica

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mar 2021, Volume 35 N. 1 Pages 126 - 131

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Aquatic macrophytes are a key group in flooded areas due to their high primary productivity, and several species present in the Amazonian floodplains have potential for human food use. This study evaluated biomass production and nutrient levels in fronds of Ceratopteris pteridoides (Pteridaceae), under the following nutritional treatments: (T1) artesian well water, (T2) natural lake water, and (T3) artesian well water with a nutritive solution. Each replicate had 25 plants of 25 g total fresh biomass each. The experiment lasted for 35 days and total fresh biomass weight, root system length, leaf dry biomass weight, root dry biomass weight and sprout number were assessed. The plants from T3 had the greatest increase in total fresh biomass with an average of 430.02 g, showing that the nutritive solution used in the experiment provided the best conditions for plant growth. The daily ingestion of C. pteridoides could contribute to mineral supplementation, in addition to diversifying existing crops and contributing to sustainable agriculture.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-33062020abb0226 89 downloads

Cuscuta L. (Convolvulaceae) na Região Sul do Brasil
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Ferreira, Priscila Porto Alegre

; Dettke, Greta Aline

; Simão-Bianchini, Rosangela

; Miotto, Silvia Teresinha Sfoggia

Hoehnea

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2021, Volume 48 elocation e982020

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Cuscuta é amplamente distribuído e possui aproximadamente 200 espécies de parasitas volúveis. Estima-se que ocorram 26 espécies no Brasil, porém, não há estudos atuais publicados para a flora do país. Por meio de extensa revisão bibliográfica, de materiais de herbários e expedições a campo, foram reconhecidos 15 táxons de Cuscuta na Região Sul do Brasil (Estados do Paraná, Santa Catarina e Rio Grande do Sul): Cuscuta boliviana, C. campestris, C. corniculata, C. epilinum, C. incurvata, C. indecora var. neuropetala, C. obtusiflora, C. odorata, C. orbiculata, C. platyloba, C. racemosa, C. taimensis, C. xanthochortos var. xanthochortos, C. xanthochortos var. carinata e C. xanthochortos var. lanceolata. Uma nova espécie foi descrita (C. taimensis P.P.A. Ferreira & Dettke) e novas ocorrências para os Estados e uma para o Brasil foram confirmadas durante este estudo. São fornecidas chave de identificação, descrições morfológicas, ilustrações, além de dados de distribuição geográfica e habitat dos táxons.

ABSTRACT Cuscuta is widely distributed and comprises about 200 species of parasitic vines. It is estimated that 26 species of Cuscuta occur in Brazil, however, there are no recent published studies concerning the flora of this country. We found fifteen taxa of Cuscuta regarding of the Southern Brazil (Paraná, Santa Catarina e Rio Grande do Sul states): Cuscuta boliviana, C. campestris, C. corniculata, C. epilinum, C. incurvata, C. indecora var. neuropetala, C. obtusiflora, C. odorata, C. orbiculata, C. platyloba, C. racemosa, C. taimensis, C. xanthochortos var. xanthochortos, C. xanthochortos var. carinata and C. xanthochortos var. lanceolata. One new species was described (C. taimensis P.P.A. Ferreira & Dettke) and new records were confirmed for states and Brazil. We provide a key to species of Cuscuta, morphological descriptions, illustrations, information about geographic distribution and habitat.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2236-8906-98/2020 1 downloads

Use and misuse of biomarkers and the role of D-dimer and C-reactive protein in the management of COVID-19: A post-hoc analysis of a prospective cohort study
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Gonçalves, Fabio Augusto Rodrigues

; Besen, Bruno Adler Maccagnan Pinheiro

; Lima, Clarice Antunes de

; Corá, Aline Pivetta

; Pereira, Antônio José Rodrigues

; Perazzio, Sandro Félix

; Gouvea, Christiane Pereira

; Fonseca, Luiz Augusto Marcondes

; Trindade, Evelinda Marramon

; Sumita, Nairo Massakazu

; Duarte, Alberto José da Silva

; Lichtenstein, Arnaldo

; Bonfa, Eloisa

; Utiyama, Edivaldo M.

; Segurado, Aluisio C.

; Perondi, Beatriz

; Miethke-Morais, Anna

; Montal, Amanda C.

; Harima, Leila

; Fusco, Solange R. G.

; Silva, Marjorie F.

; Rocha, Marcelo C.

; Marcilio, Izabel

; Rios, Izabel Cristina

; Kawano, Fabiane Yumi Ogihara

; Jesus, Maria Amélia de

; Kallas, Ésper George

; Carmo, Carolina

; Tanaka, Clarice

; Souza, Heraldo Possolo de

; Marchini, Julio F. M.

; Carvalho, Carlos

; Ferreira, Juliana C.

; Levin, Anna Sara Shafferman

; Oliveira, Maura Salaroli

; Guimarães, Thaís

; Lázari, Carolina dos Santos

; Sabino, Ester

; Magri, Marcello M. C.

; Barros-Filho, Tarcisio E. P.

; Francisco, Maria Cristina Peres Braido

; Costa, Silvia F.

Clinics

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2021, Volume 76 elocation e3547

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

OBJECTIVE: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with high mortality among hospitalized patients and incurs high costs. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection can trigger both inflammatory and thrombotic processes, and these complications can lead to a poorer prognosis. This study aimed to evaluate the association and temporal trends of D-dimer and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels with the incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE), hospital mortality, and costs among inpatients with COVID-19. METHODS: Data were extracted from electronic patient records and laboratory databases. Crude and adjusted associations for age, sex, number of comorbidities, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score at admission, and D-dimer or CRP logistic regression models were used to evaluate associations. RESULTS: Between March and June 2020, COVID-19 was documented in 3,254 inpatients. The D-dimer level ≥4,000 ng/mL fibrinogen equivalent unit (FEU) mortality odds ratio (OR) was 4.48 (adjusted OR: 1.97). The CRP level ≥220 mg/dL OR for death was 7.73 (adjusted OR: 3.93). The D-dimer level ≥4,000 ng/mL FEU VTE OR was 3.96 (adjusted OR: 3.26). The CRP level ≥220 mg/dL OR for VTE was 2.71 (adjusted OR: 1.92). All these analyses were statistically significant (p<0.001). Stratified hospital costs demonstrated a dose-response pattern. Adjusted D-dimer and CRP levels were associated with higher mortality and doubled hospital costs. In the first week, elevated D-dimer levels predicted VTE occurrence and systemic inflammatory harm, while CRP was a hospital mortality predictor. CONCLUSION: D-dimer and CRP levels were associated with higher hospital mortality and a higher incidence of VTE. D-dimer was more strongly associated with VTE, although its discriminative ability was poor, while CRP was a stronger predictor of hospital mortality. Their use outside the usual indications should not be modified and should be discouraged.

https://doi.org/10.6061/clinics/2021/e3547

COMVC-19: A Program to protect healthcare workers’ mental health during the COVID-19 Pandemic. What we have learned
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Fukuti, Pedro

; Uchôa, Caroline Louise Mesquita

; Mazzoco, Marina Flaborea

; Cruz, Isabella D'Andrea Garcia da

; Echegaray, Mariana V.F.

; Humes, Eduardo de Castro

; Silveira, Júlia Belizário

; Santi, Talita Di

; Miguel, Euripedes Constantino

; Corchs, Felipe

; Fatori, Daniel

; Campello, Guilherme

; Oliveira, Gabriel M. de

; Argolo, Felipe C.

; Ferreira, Felipe de M.

; Machado, Gustavo

; Argeu, Adriana

; Oliveira, Graça Maria Ramos de

; Serafim, Antônio de Pádua

; Siqueira, Luciana de Lima

; Rossi, Luciane de

; Rios, Izabel Cristina

; Oliveira, Talita Rodrigues de

; Antoniazzi, Leilane C. K.

; Gagliotti, Daniel Augusto Mori

; Abelama Neto, Emílio

; Oliveira Junior, Paulo Novais de

; Correia, Aline Villalobo

; Gonçalves, Luca Schilling

; Tortato, Liana Silva

; Busato, Wagner Machado Moraes

; Guimarães-Fernandes, Flávio

; Alves, Marcos

; Leite Netto, Oswaldo Ferreira

; Schoueri, Patrícia de Campos Lindenberg

; Roque, Márcio de Assis

; Merlin, Silvia Stahl

; Boer, Giovana Cardoso Machado

; Sallet, Paulo Clemente

; Malbergier, André

; Spedo, Mariana Abrahão

; Kamitsuji, Carla Satie

; Faria, Elizabeth de

; Moreira, Moacyr Vergara de Godoy

; Kaufman, Arthur

; Abdo, Carmita

; Scanavino, Marco de Tubino

; Lancman, Selma

; Tavares, Hermano

; Polanczyk, Guilherme

; Brunoni, André R.

; Forlenza, Orestes V.

; Barros-Filho, Tarcísio Eloy Pessoa de

Clinics

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2021, Volume 76 elocation e2631

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

OBJECTIVE: In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic brought a work and stress overload to healthcare workers, increasing their vulnerability to mental health impairments. In response, the authors created the COMVC-19 program. The program offered preventive actions and mental health treatment for the 22,000 workers of The Hospital das Clinicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMUSP). This paper aims to describe its implementation and share what we have learned from this experience. METHODS: Workers were able to easily access the program through a 24/7 hotline. Additionally, a mobile phone app that screened for signs and symptoms of emotional distress and offered psychoeducation and/or referral to treatment was made available. Data from both these sources as well as any subsequent psychiatric evaluations were collected. RESULTS: The first 20 weeks of our project revealed that most participants were female, and part of the nursing staff working directly with COVID-19 patients. The most frequently reported symptoms were: anxiety, depression and sleep disturbances. The most common diagnoses were Adjustment, Anxiety, and Mood disorders. CONCLUSIONS: Implementing a mental health program in a multimodal intervention was feasible in a major quaternary public hospital. Our data also suggests that preventive actions should primarily be aimed at anxiety and depression symptoms, with a particular focus on the nursing staff.

https://doi.org/10.6061/clinics/2021/e2631

10.

Flowering and pollination ecology of Cleistocactus baumannii (Cactaceae) in the Brazilian Chaco: pollinator dependence and floral larceny
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Ferreira, Bruno Henrique dos Santos

; Souza, Camila Silveira

; Fachardo, André Luiz Silva

; Gomes, Aline Conceição

; Sigrist, Maria Rosângela

Acta Botanica Brasilica

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mar 2020, Volume 34 N. 1 Pages 167 - 176

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Cleistocactus baumannii is the only ornithophilous cactus species in the Brazilian Chaco. In addition, this species of Cactaceae invests heavily in flowering in the ecoregion. Such characteristics motivated us to evaluate the temporal availability of flowers in the context of its floral visitors. The reproductive system of C. baumannii, the number of individuals in flowering, flower abundance and the frequency and richness of floral visitors were evaluated and quantified. Nectar robbery was a frequent phenomenon in the studied population; therefore, we compared the pollen load deposited on the stigma of damaged (robbery) and undamaged flowers. In the Brazilian Chaco, C. baumannii is self-incompatible and has a continuous flowering pattern, providing floral resources throughout the year for nine species of floral visitors. One hummingbird species acted as a potential pollinator, and we consider Xylocopa splendidula to be a nectar robber. We found stigma of flowers damaged by nectar robbers to have lower pollen loads than those of undamaged flowers. This study highlights the importance of studying reproductive traits in different populations to understand changes in the reproductive success of plant species at different scales and possible causes, such as availability of floral visitors, incidence of robbers and flowering patterns.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-33062019abb0209 1081 downloads

11.

How are HCV-infected patients being identified in Brazil: a multicenter study
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Portari-Filho, Luiz H.

; Álvares-da-Silva, Mario R.

; Gonzalez, Aline

; Ferreira, Adalgisa P.

; Nogueira, Cristiane V.

; Mendes-Correa, Maria C.

; Lima, José M.

; Lopes, Edmundo P.

; Brandão, Carlos E.

; Ivantes, Cláudia

; Lyra, André

; Lindenberg, Andreia

; Ferraz, Maria L.

Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases

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jan 2019, Volume 23 N. 1 Pages 34 - 39

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Background: Hepatitis C is an important health problem. In Brazil, 1-2 million people are infected. Despite this expressive number, and the availability of very successful treatment, many patients remained undiagnosed mainly because of the asymptomatic nature of the infection. Objectives: To describe epidemiological characteristics of HCV-infected patients seen at referral centers in Brazil, the source of referral, and the time spanned to reach a reference center, in order to improve the identification of undiagnosed patients. Methods: Multicenter observational, cross-sectional study carried out in 15 centers of Brazil, between January/2016 and June/2017. Data of patients with a confirmed diagnosis (anti-HCV and HCV-RNA) were collected by interview using standard questionnaires and by review of charts. Results: Two thousand patients were included; 55.1% were male, mean age 58 ± 11 years. Only 14.9% had higher education and 84.2% received up to five monthly minimum Brazilian wages (approximately US$260.00/month). The time between diagnosis and beginning of follow-up was 22.9 months. The most common reasons for testing were check-up (33.2%) and blood donation (19%). General practitioners diagnosed most of the patients (30.1%). Fibrosis stage was mainly evaluated by liver biopsy (61.5%) and 31.3% of the patients were cirrhotic at diagnosis. Conclusions: This multicenter Brazilian study showed that the mean time to reach a referral center for treatment was almost two years. Primary care physicians diagnoses most hepatitis C cases in the country. Population campaigns and medical education should be encouraged to intensify screening of asymptomatic individuals, considering the efficiency of check-ups in identifying new patients.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjid.2019.01.006 533 downloads

12.

Licófitas e samambaias do Parque Estadual Monte Alegre (PEMA), Pará, Brasil
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Della, Aline Possamai

; Ferreira, Ivonete

; Maciel, Sebastião

; Pietrobom, Marcio Roberto

Hoehnea

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2019, Volume 46 N. 3 elocation e732018

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO O Cerrado é um importante domínio fitogeográfico brasileiro, uma vez que abrange porcentagem considerável do território nacional. Nesse domínio há estimativas de 241 a 284 espécies de samambaias e licófitas, apesar disso, há poucos trabalhos ressaltando-as nesse ambiente, assim o objetivo desse estudo foi realizar um levantamento das plantas vasculares sem sementes de uma área de Cerrado, localizada no Pará; bem como apresentar uma chave de identificação para as espécies. Para isso empregamos o método de caminhamento em áreas com vegetação de terra firme nas encostas, em afloramentos rochosos e nas entradas de cavernas. Obtivemos duas espécies de licófitas e 18 de samambaias, pertencentes a nove famílias, sendo Pteridaceae, Anemiaceae e Polypodiaceae as mais representativas, o que também foi verificado em estudos similares nesse domínio. Duas espécies sem registros em herbários da região norte foram encontradas: Anemia elegans (Gardner) C. Presl e Cheilanthes eriophora (Fée) Mett. Uma chave de identificação foi elaborada para as espécies, empregando caracteres reprodutivos e vegetativos. Estudos florísticos que incluem Pteridófitas são importantes porque contribuem para ampliar nosso conhecimento sobre a biologia e a distribuição desse grupo de plantas no Cerrado, bem como na flora paraense.

ABSTRACT The Cerrado is an important phytogeographic Brazilian domain that covers a considerable percentage of the national territory. Although there are few studies highlighting the importance of ferns and lycophytes in the Cerrado, it is estimated that 241 to 248 species occur in this phytogeographic domain. Therefore, the objective of this study was to perform a survey of the Pteridophytes of a Cerrado area, located in the State of Pará and to present an identification key for the species. We used the walking methodology of sampling in areas with terra firme forest on slopes, in rocky outcrops, and at the entrance of caves. We obtained two lycophytes and 18 ferns species, belonging to nine families, being Pteridaceae, Anemiaceae, and Polypodiaceae the most representative. This result was similar to previous studies carried out in this domain. Two species with no herbarium records in the northern region were found: Anemia elegans (Gardner) C. Presl, and Cheilanthes eriophora (Fée) Mett. An identification key for the species using reproductive and vegetative characters was elaborated. Floristic studies including Pteridophytes are important because they contribute with the knowledge about the biology and distribution of this group of plants in the Cerrado, as well as in the Pará flora.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2236-8906-73/2018 1079 downloads

13.

Interference of aqueous and ethanolic solutions of Adiantum latifolium Lam. (Pteridaceae) leaves on in vitro Ceratocystis cacaofunesta mycelial growth
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da Cruz, Matheus Bomfim

; de Sousa, Dhierllate Ferreira

; de Almeida Oliveira, Leticia

; de França, Jerônimo Pereira

; de França, Lucimar Pereira

; Conceição, Aline Oliveira

; Fonseca Chaves, Alba Lucilvânia

Arquivos do Instituto Biológico

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2019, Volume 86 elocation e0192019

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO A espécie Ceratocystis cacaofunesta é o agente etiológico do mal-do-facão, patogenia caracterizada por danos irreversíveis no sistema vascular da planta. O controle da doença é difícil e a busca por soluções alternativas e econômicas é necessária. Sabe-se que os compostos das plantas medicinais possuem atividade microbiana e podem ser uma opção alternativa no controle de C. cacaofunesta. Baseado nisso, esse trabalho se propôs a verificar in vitro o potencial antifúngico das soluções aquosa e alcóolica de Adiantum latifolium sobre C. cacaofunesta. O material vegetal foi coletado no bioma Mata Atlântica em área de plantio de cacau, no sul da Bahia. Solução aquosa foi obtida por decocção e solução etanólica por maceração em etanol 70%. As soluções foram filtradas e adicionadas ao meio de cultura em diluições de 1, 5 e 10%. Inocularam-se fragmentos de 7 mm de colônia de C. cacaofunesta no centro do meio de cultura contendo ágar Sabouraud dextrose (ASD) e se observou o crescimento do disco micelial. Os controles consistiram em SDA com água estéril ou etanol a 70% na mesma diluição de tratamentos e o antifúngico Tebuconazol a 4 μg.mL-1. Nenhuma concentração das soluções aquosa e alcóolica inibiu o crescimento micelial. Entretanto, a presença de solução aquosa induziu maior crescimento micelial. O antifúngico Tebuconazol apresentou efeito redutor importante do crescimento micelial e pode ser uma alternativa no controle da propagação do C. cacaofunesta em locais onde a seleção genética e o manejo adequado de instrumentos no momento da poda apresentam falhas.

ABSTRACT Ceratocystis cacaofunesta is the etiologic agent of “Ceratocystis wilt of cacao”, an irreversible disease that affects the vascular system of the plant. The management of the disease is difficult and economic and alternative solutions are needed. The medicinal plants compounds are known to have antimicrobial activity, and they could be an alternative choice in the C. cacaofunesta control. Considering this, this work aimed to verify the in vitro antifungal activity of aqueous and alcoholic solutions of Adiantum latifolium leaves on C. cacaofunesta. Plant material was collected at Atlantic Forest biome in cacao cultivation area in South of Bahia state. Aqueous and ethanolic solutions were made by boiling and maceration in 70% ethanol, respectively. After filtration, they were added to culture medium at 1, 5 and 10% dilution. A 7 mm disc colony of C. cacaofunesta was inoculated in the middle of the well containing Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) and the mycelial growth was observed. Controls consisted on SDA with sterile water or 70% ethanol at the same dilution of treatments, and Tebuconazole at 4 μg.mL-1. Neither aqueous nor ethanolic solutions inhibited the mycelial growth. However, aqueous solution presence induced a higher mycelial growth rate. Conversely, aqueous solution treatment induced mycelial growth. Tebuconazole showed important mycelial growth inhibition and it could be considered in C. cacaofunesta propagation control in areas where genetic selection or handling management still fail.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1808-1657000192019 343 downloads

14.

Impact of vaccination on the reproductive performance of multiparous Nellore cows
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Ferreira, Luiz C.L.

; Fernandes, Henrique J.

; Silva, Aline G.

; Fernandes, Carlos E.

; Dutra, Iveraldo S.

; Pupin, Rayane C.

; Lemos, Ricardo A.A.

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira

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mar 2018, Volume 38 N. 3 Pages 456 - 461

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO: Foram delineados dois experimentos para avaliar o impacto de duas vacinas no desempenho reprodutivo de vacas multíparas de bovinos de corte em Mato Grosso do Sul, Centro-Oeste do Brasil. No Experimento 1 foram utilizadas 765 vacas multíparas paridas da raça Nelore submetidas ao mesmo protocolo de inseminação artificial em tempo fixo (IATF) e repassadas por touros. O diagnóstico de gestação por ultrassonografia foi realizado aos 30 e 90 dias pós IATF. A prenhez e a taxa de perda de gestação foram determinadas para três períodos: de 30 a 90 DPI, de 30 DPI até para o parto e de 90 DPI até o parto. As vacas foram distribuídas em três grupos: grupo VACMULT (n=250), vacinado com vacina contra herpesvírus bovino tipo 1 (BoHV-1), vírus da diarreia viral bovina (BVDV) e leptospirose; grupo VACL (n=245), vacinado somente contra leptospirose; e grupo NOVAC (n=270), não vacinado. Títulos de anticorpos no soro de 57 vacas de cada grupo evidenciaram infecção por BoHV-1, BVDV e leptospirose, sugerindo circulação desses patógenos no rebanho. No diagnóstico por ultrassonografia, a prenhez não diferiu em nenhum dos três grupos. A taxa de perda de gestação não diferiu significantemente entre os grupos e dentro de qualquer um dos períodos investigados (30 a 90 DPI, 30 DPI até o parto ou 90 DPI até o parto). No Experimento 2 foram testados dois protocolos de vacinação usando as vacinas contra IBR/BVDV/leptospirose e somente contra leptospirose em ambos. No grupo VACGEST as vacas foram vacinas no dia zero (D0) do protocolo da IATF e 30 dias pós- IATF (30 DPI). No grupo VACPREV a primeira dose foi administrada no D0 e a segunda no mesmo dia da IATF (D11). Não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos, nem perda gestacional significativa no grupo que recebeu a segunda vacina no dia da inseminação (VACPREV). Os resultados mostram que as vacinas contra IBR/BVDV/leptospirose e somente contra leptospirose não interferiram no desempenho reprodutivo de vacas multíparas. Não houve diferença significativa entre o protocolo de vacinação empregado em D0 e D11 e aquele utilizado em D0 e 30 DPI. A realização da vacina contra IBR/BVD/leptospirose no dia da inseminação artificial não provocou efeitos adversos nos parâmetros reprodutivos.

ABSTRACT: Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the impact of two vaccines on the reproductive performance of multiparous beef cows in Mato Grosso do Sul, Midwest Brazil. In Experiment 1,765 calved multiparous Nellore cows were subjected to the same fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) protocol and rebred. Ultrasound pregnancy diagnosis was performed 30 and 90 days post-FTAI (DPI). Rates of pregnancy and pregnancy loss were determined for three periods: from 30 to 90 DPI, from 30 DPI to calving, and from 90 DPI to calving. The cows were assigned to three groups with different vaccination protocols - namely, Group VACMULT (n=250): vaccine against bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1), bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), and leptospirosis; Group VACL (n=245): vaccine against leptospirosis alone; Group NOVAC (n=270): no vaccination. Serum antibody titers for BoHV-1, BVDV, and leptospirosis, measured in 57 cows from each group indicated active infection, suggesting circulation of these pathogens in the herd. No differences in pregnancy rates were observed across groups. Pregnancy loss rates did not differ significantly across groups within any of the periods investigated (30 to 90 DPI, 30 DPI to calving, or 90 DPI to calving). In Experiment 2, two vaccination protocols for each vaccine were investigated. Group VACGEST was vaccinated on day zero of FTAI (D0) and again 30 days post-FTAI (30 DPI). Group VACPREV was vaccinated on D0 and again on the day of insemination (D11). No significant difference was observed between groups, or significant gestational loss in the group that received the second vaccine on the day of insemination. The results revealed that neither vaccine interfered with the reproductive performance of multiparous cows. No differences were observed between vaccination carried out on both D0 and D11 and that performed on both D0 and D30. The performance of the IBR/BVDV/Leptospirosis vaccine on the day of the artificial insemination did not cause adverse effects on the reproductive parameters.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-5150-pvb-5249 2819 downloads

15.

Candida albicans PROTEIN PROFILE CHANGES IN RESPONSE TO THE BUTANOLIC EXTRACT OF Sapindus saponaria L.
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FIORINI, Adriana

; ROSADO, Fabio Rogério

; BETTEGA, Eliane Martins da Silva

; MELO, Kátia Cristina Sibin

; KUKOLJ, Caroline

; BONFIM-MENDONÇA, Patrícia de Souza

; SHINOBU-MESQUITA, Cristiane Suemi

; GHIRALDI, Luciana Dias

; CAMPANERUT, Paula Aline Zanetti

; CAPOCI, Isis Regina Grenier

; GODOY, Janine Silva Ribeiro

; FERREIRA, Izabel Cristina Piloto

; SVIDZINSKI, Terezinha Inez Estivalet

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo

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2016, Volume 58 elocation 25

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Candida albicans is an opportunistic human pathogen that is capable of causing superficial and systemic infections in immunocompromised patients. Extracts of Sapindus saponaria have been used as antimicrobial agents against various organisms. In the present study, we used a combination of two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (2D-PAGE) and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) to identify the changes in protein abundance of C. albicans after exposure to the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and sub-minimal inhibitory concentration (sub-MIC) of the butanolic extract (BUTE) of S. saponaria and also to fluconazole. A total of six different proteins with greater than 1.5 fold induction or repression relative to the untreated control cells were identified among the three treatments. In general, proteins/enzymes involved with the glycolysis (GPM1, ENO1, FBA1), amino acid metabolism (ILV5, PDC11) and protein synthesis (ASC1) pathways were detected. In conclusion, our findings reveal antifungal-induced changes in protein abundance of C. albicans. By using the previously identified components of the BUTE of S. saponaria (e.g., saponins and sesquiterpene oligoglycosides), it will be possible to compare the behavior of compounds with unknown mechanisms of action, and this knowledge will help to focus the subsequent biochemical work aimed at defining the effects of these compounds.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1678-9946201658025 2822 downloads

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