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ABSTRACT The expression ‘you need to know to conserve’ is a well-known cliche among biologists. Documenting the richness of a group of organisms is the first step towards understanding biodiversity and preparing efficient conservation plans. In this context, many efforts have been made to quantify the number of species on Earth and estimate the number of species still unknown to science. A few countries have complete and integrated databases estimating the approximate number of species recorded for their territory, particularly in the Global South. In Brazil, a country of continental dimensions, revealing the richness of the second most diverse clade of invertebrates (=Mollusca) has been a goal of taxonomists. Recently, in an unprecedented, collective, and integrated effort among Brazilian malacologists, it was possible to estimate how many valid species of molluscs are there in Brazil. In this effort, more than 30 mollusc experts joined together to update the Taxonomic Catalogue of the Brazilian Fauna (TCBF), a governmental website that allows a quick and real-time updating of all Metazoan. So far, more than 5,000 updates have been made in TCBF, indicating the presence of 3,552 valid species of molluscs in Brazil, distributed among the main clades as follows: Caudofoveata (10 spp.), Solenogastres (6 spp.), Polyplacophora (35 spp.), Scaphopoda (43 spp.), Cephalopoda (92 spp.), Bivalvia (629 spp.) and Gastropoda (2,737 spp.). The present study, in addition to demonstrating for the first time the richness of Brazilian molluscs, also presents the state of the art of this important phylum of invertebrates highlighting its most representative and neglected groups.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1984-4689.v40.e23026

Predictors of functional capacity as measured by the Glittre activities of daily living test in women with rheumatoid arthritis
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Palugan, M.J.A.

; Assis, A.C.B.

; Bessa, E.J.C.

; Ferreira, A.S.

; Lopes, A.J.

Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research

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2021, Volume 54 N. 5 elocation e10040

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Although pulmonary involvement is the most common extra-articular manifestation of rheumatoid arthritis (RA), traditional pulmonary function tests (PFTs) do not show a good correlation with the field tests usually performed in these patients. In recent decades, measurement of ventilation distribution heterogeneity through the nitrogen single-breath washout (N2SBW) test and evaluation of functional capacity during exercise using the Glittre activities of daily living test (GA-T) have been increasingly used. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate predictors of GA-T outcomes in women with RA considering demographic, anthropometric, clinical, functional variables, and chest computed tomography (CT) findings. Forty-three women with RA underwent the GA-T, the N2SBW test, spirometry, measurement of the diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLco), measurement of respiratory muscle strength, and evaluation of physical function of the lower and upper limbs through the Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index (HAQ-DI). Chest CT scans were analyzed retrospectively. The GA-T time showed significant correlations with the DLco (rs=-0.397, P=0.008), forced vital capacity/DLco (rs=0.307, P=0.044), phase III slope of the N2SBW test (SIIIN2, rs=0.644, P<0.0001), and the HAQ-DI (rs=0.482, P=0.001). Disease extent as assessed by chest CT was associated with the GA-T time. On multiple regression analysis, the SIIIN2 and HAQ-DI were the only predictors of the GA-T time, explaining 40% of its variability. Thus, ventilation distribution heterogeneity and worse physical function substantially explain the variability in GA-T time in women with RA and varying extents of disease on chest CT.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1414-431x202010040 555 downloads

Where do we aspire to publish? A position paper on scientific communication in biochemistry and molecular biology
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Baptista, M.S.

; Alves, M.J.M.

; Arantes, G.M.

; Armelin, H.A.

; Augusto, O.

; Baldini, R.L.

; Basseres, D.S.

; Bechara, E.J.H.

; Bruni-Cardoso, A.

; Chaimovich, H.

; Colepicolo Neto, P.

; Colli, W.

; Cuccovia, I.M.

; Da-Silva, A.M.

; Di Mascio, P.

; Farah, S.C.

; Ferreira, C.

; Forti, F.L.

; Giordano, R.J.

; Gomes, S.L.

; Gueiros Filho, F.J.

; Hoch, N.C.

; Hotta, C.T.

; Labriola, L.

; Lameu, C.

; Machini, M.T.

; Malnic, B.

; Marana, S.R.

; Medeiros, M.H.G.

; Meotti, F.C.

; Miyamoto, S.

; Oliveira, C.C.

; Souza-Pinto, N.C.

; Reis, E.M.

; Ronsein, G.E.

; Salinas, R.K.

; Schechtman, D.

; Schreier, S.

; Setubal, J.C.

; Sogayar, M.C.

; Souza, G.M.

; Terra, W.R.

; Truzzi, D.R.

; Ulrich, H.

; Verjovski-Almeida, S.

; Winck, F.V.

; Zingales, B.

; Kowaltowski, A.J.

Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research

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2019, Volume 52 N. 9 elocation e8935

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

The scientific publication landscape is changing quickly, with an enormous increase in options and models. Articles can be published in a complex variety of journals that differ in their presentation format (online-only or in-print), editorial organizations that maintain them (commercial and/or society-based), editorial handling (academic or professional editors), editorial board composition (academic or professional), payment options to cover editorial costs (open access or pay-to-read), indexation, visibility, branding, and other aspects. Additionally, online submissions of non-revised versions of manuscripts prior to seeking publication in a peer-reviewed journal (a practice known as pre-printing) are a growing trend in biological sciences. In this changing landscape, researchers in biochemistry and molecular biology must re-think their priorities in terms of scientific output dissemination. The evaluation processes and institutional funding for scientific publications should also be revised accordingly. This article presents the results of discussions within the Department of Biochemistry, University of São Paulo, on this subject.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1414-431x20198935 1769 downloads

Acute but not chronic metabolic acidosis potentiates the acetylcholine-induced reduction in blood pressure: an endothelium-dependent effect
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Celotto, A.C.

; Ferreira, L.G.

; Capellini, V.K.

; Albuquerque, A.A.S.

; Rodrigues, A.J.

; Evora, P.R.B.

Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research

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2016, Volume 49 N. 2 elocation e5007

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Metabolic acidosis has profound effects on vascular tone. This study investigated the in vivo effects of acute metabolic acidosis (AMA) and chronic metabolic acidosis (CMA) on hemodynamic parameters and endothelial function. CMA was induced by ad libitum intake of 1% NH4Cl for 7 days, and AMA was induced by a 3-h infusion of 6 M NH4Cl (1 mL/kg, diluted 1:10). Phenylephrine (Phe) and acetylcholine (Ach) dose-response curves were performed by venous infusion with simultaneous venous and arterial blood pressure monitoring. Plasma nitrite/nitrate (NOx) was measured by chemiluminescence. The CMA group had a blood pH of 7.15±0.03, which was associated with reduced bicarbonate (13.8±0.98 mmol/L) and no change in the partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PaCO2). The AMA group had a pH of 7.20±0.01, which was associated with decreases in bicarbonate (10.8±0.54 mmol/L) and PaCO2 (47.8±2.54 to 23.2±0.74 mmHg) and accompanied by hyperventilation. Phe or ACh infusion did not affect arterial or venous blood pressure in the CMA group. However, the ACh infusion decreased the arterial blood pressure (ΔBP: -28.0±2.35 mm Hg [AMA] to -4.5±2.89 mmHg [control]) in the AMA group. Plasma NOx was normal after CMA but increased after AMA (25.3±0.88 to 31.3±0.54 μM). These results indicate that AMA, but not CMA, potentiated the Ach-induced decrease in blood pressure and led to an increase in plasma NOx, reinforcing the effect of pH imbalance on vascular tone and blood pressure control.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1414-431x20155007 1792 downloads

Single-walled carbon nanotubes functionalized with sodium hyaluronate enhance bone mineralization
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Sá, M.A.

; Ribeiro, H.J.

; Valverde, T.M.

; Sousa, B.R.

; Martins-Júnior, P.A.

; Mendes, R.M.

; Ladeira, L.O.

; Resende, R.R.

; Kitten, G.T.

; Ferreira, A.J.

Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research

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2016, Volume 49 N. 2 elocation e4888

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of sodium hyaluronate (HY), single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) and HY-functionalized SWCNTs (HY-SWCNTs) on the behavior of primary osteoblasts, as well as to investigate the deposition of inorganic crystals on titanium surfaces coated with these biocomposites. Primary osteoblasts were obtained from the calvarial bones of male newborn Wistar rats (5 rats for each cell extraction). We assessed cell viability using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl-2H-tetrazolium bromide assay and by double-staining with propidium iodide and Hoechst. We also assessed the formation of mineralized bone nodules by von Kossa staining, the mRNA expression of bone repair proteins, and the deposition of inorganic crystals on titanium surfaces coated with HY, SWCNTs, or HY-SWCNTs. The results showed that treatment with these biocomposites did not alter the viability of primary osteoblasts. Furthermore, deposition of mineralized bone nodules was significantly increased by cells treated with HY and HY-SWCNTs. This can be partly explained by an increase in the mRNA expression of type I and III collagen, osteocalcin, and bone morphogenetic proteins 2 and 4. Additionally, the titanium surface treated with HY-SWCNTs showed a significant increase in the deposition of inorganic crystals. Thus, our data indicate that HY, SWCNTs, and HY-SWCNTs are potentially useful for the development of new strategies for bone tissue engineering.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1414-431x20154888 1990 downloads

Quality of antenatal care as a risk factor for early onset neonatal infections in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Mizumoto, B.R.

; Moreira, B.M.

; Santoro-Lopes, G.

; Cunha, A.J.

; Santos, R.M.R. dos

; Pessoa-Silva, C.L.

; Pinheiro, Azeredo A.N.

; Ferreira, M.

; Leobons, M.B.

; Hofer, Cristina Barroso

Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases

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jun 2015, Volume 19 N. 3 Pages 272 - 277

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Background: Neonatal infection is a serious public health problem. The aim of this study was to assess the influence of the antenatal care on the risk of early-onset neonatal healthcare associated infection in two Brazilian maternities.Methods: Cohort study - Newborns admitted at two public neonatal intensive care units from 2008 to 2009 were included in the study. Data on antenatal and perinatal variables were collected from maternal prenatal cards and medical charts. Newborns were actively surveyed for early-onset neonatal healthcare associated infection, defined as a neonatal infection diagnosed within 48 h after birth. Multiple logistic regression was used to assess variables independently associated with early-onset neonatal healthcare associated infection.Results: 561 neonate-mother pairs were included in the study. Early-onset neonatal health-care associated infection was diagnosed in 283 neonates (51%), an incidence rate of 43.5/1000 live births. Neonates whose mothers had less then six antenatal visits were under risk significantly higher for early-onset neonatal healthcare associated infection (OR = 1.69, 95% CI = 1.11-2.57), after adjusting for birth weight, membranes ruptured for >18 h, maternal complications during delivery, maternal infection at admission, and hospital where patients received care.Conclusions: The risk of neonatal early-onset neonatal healthcare associated infection was significantly associated with insufficient number of antenatal care visits. Further studies assessing the quality of antenatal care and targeting its improvement are warranted.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjid.2015.02.003 1550 downloads

Evaluation of cardiovascular toxicity of carbon nanotubes functionalized with sodium hyaluronate in oral regenerative medicine
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Joviano-Santos, J.V.

; Sá, M.A.

; De Maria, M.L.A.

; Almeida, T.C.S.

; Geraldo, V.

; Oliveira, S.

; Ladeira, L.O.

; Ferreira, A.J.

Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research

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jul 2014, Volume 47 N. 7 Pages 560 - 566

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

It has been demonstrated that carbon nanotubes (CNTs) associated with sodium hyaluronate (HY-CNTs) accelerate bone repair in the tooth sockets of rats. Before clinical application of HY-CNTs, it is important to assess their biocompatibility. Moreover, cardiac toxicity may be caused by the translocation of these particles to the blood stream. The aim of this study was to evaluate possible changes in cardiovascular function in male Wistar rats whose tooth sockets were treated with either CNTs or HY-CNTs (100 μg/mL, 0.1 mL). Blood pressure and heart rate were monitored in conscious rats 7 days after treatment. Cardiac function was evaluated using the Langendorff perfusion technique. The data showed no changes in blood pressure or heart rate in rats treated with either CNTs or HY-CNTs, and no significant changes in cardiac function were found in any of the groups. To confirm these findings, experiments were conducted in rats injected intraperitoneally with a high concentration of either CNTs or HY-CNTs (0.75 mg/kg). The same parameters were analyzed and similar results were observed. The results obtained 7 days following injection indicate that the administration of low concentrations of CNTs or HY-CNTs directly into tooth sockets did not cause any significant change in cardiovascular function in the rats. The present findings support the possibility of using these biocomposites in humans.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1414-431X20143894 1729 downloads

Effects of short-term administration of estradiol on reperfusion arrhythmias in rats of different ages
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Savergnini, S.Q.

; Reis, A.M.

; Santos, R.A.S.

; Santos, P.E.B.

; Ferreira, A.J.

; Almeida, A.P.

Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research

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dec 2012, Volume 45 N. 12 Pages 1248 - 1254

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Little is known about age-related differences in short-term effects of estradiol on ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) insults. The present study was designed to evaluate the effects of short-term treatment with estradiol on reperfusion arrhythmias in isolated hearts of 6-7-week-old and 12-14-month-old female rats. Wistar rats were sham-operated, ovariectomized and treated with vehicle or ovariectomized and treated with 17β-estradiol (E2; 5 µg·100 g-1·day-1) for 4 days. Hearts were perfused by the Langendorff technique. Reperfusion arrhythmias, i.e., ventricular tachycardia and/or ventricular fibrillation, were induced by 15 min of left coronary artery ligation and 30 min of reperfusion. The duration and incidence of I/R arrhythmias were significantly higher in young rats compared to middle-aged rats (arrhythmia severity index: 9.4 ± 1.0 vs 3.0 ± 0.3 arbitrary units, respectively, P < 0.05). In addition, middle-aged rats showed lower heart rate, systolic tension and coronary flow. Four-day E2 treatment caused an increase in uterine weight. Although E2 administration had no significant effect on the duration of I/R arrhythmias in middle-aged rats, it induced a marked reduction in the rhythm disturbances of young rats accompanied by a decrease in heart rate of isolated hearts. Also, this reduction was associated with an increase in QT interval. No significant changes were observed in the QT interval of middle-aged E2-treated rats. These data demonstrate that short-term estradiol treatment protects against I/R arrhythmias in hearts of young female rats. The anti-arrhythmogenic effect of estradiol might be related to a lengthening of the QT interval.

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Anticonvulsant and antiarrhythmic effects of nifedipine in rats prone to audiogenic seizures
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Damasceno, D.D.

; Ferreira, A.J.

; Doretto, M.C.

; Almeida, A.P.

Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research

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nov 2012, Volume 45 N. 11 Pages 1060 - 1065

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Calcium ion participates in the regulation of neural transmission and the presynaptic release of neurotransmitters. It is also involved in epileptic events, cardiac arrhythmias and abnormal conduction of stimuli. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of nifedipine, a calcium channel blocker, on epileptic seizures and on reperfusion arrhythmias in rats prone to audiogenic epileptic seizures (Wistar audiogenic rats, WAR) and in normal Wistar rats (N = 6/group). The seizure severity index was applied after an intraperitoneal injection of 20 or 40 mg/kg nifedipine (N20 and N40 groups, respectively). The Langendorff technique was used to analyze cardiac function, as well as the incidence and severity of the reperfusion arrhythmias after ligature and release of the left coronary artery in rats treated or not with nifedipine. We found that nifedipine treatment decreased seizure severity (0.94 ± 0.02 for WAR; 0.70 ± 0.10 for WAR + N20; 0.47 ± 0.08 for WAR + N40) and increased the latent period (13 ± 2 s for WAR; 35 ± 10 s for WAR + N20; 48 ± 7 s for WAR + N40) for the development of seizures in WAR. Furthermore, the incidence and severity of the reperfusion arrhythmias were lower in WAR and normal Wistar rats injected with nifedipine. In WAR, these effects were mediated, at least in part, by a decrease in heart rate. Thus, our results indicate that nifedipine may be considered to be a potential adjuvant drug for epilepsy treatment, especially in those cases associated with cardiac rhythm abnormalities.

2426 downloads

10.

Análise do equilíbrio postural de indivíduos diabéticos por meio de baropodometria
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Nozabieli, A.J.

; Martinelli, A.R.

; Mantovani, A.M.

; Faria, C.R.

; Ferreira, D.M.

; Fregonesi, C.E.

Motricidade

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jul 2012, Volume 8 N. 3 Pages 30 - 39

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Objetivo deste estudo foi analisar o equilíbrio postural de indivíduos neuropatas diabéticos, por meio de baropodometria, relacionando com prejuízos no sistema sensoriomotor. Vinte e oito pessoas saudáveis e 25 com diagnóstico de neuropatia diabética foram submetidas à avaliação estática (mensuração do deslocamento do centro de pressão corporal) e dinâmica (análise temporal da fase de apoio do ciclo da marcha). A sensibilidade tátil dos pés foi avaliada por meio de monofilamentos Semmes Weinstein e a força muscular isométrica do tornozelo por dinamometria. As análises de multivariânvia (MANOVAs) e de variância (ANOVAs) indicaram desempenho inferior na sensibilidade tátil, na força muscular e no equilíbrio dinâmico, porém não apontou diferença para o equilíbrio estático de neuropatas diabéticos. Com esse estudo por meio da análise de regressão, pode-se inferir que as diferenças do equilíbrio na marcha dos neuropatas podem ser resultantes da insensibilidade tátil e da força muscular.

Objective of this study was to analyze the postural balance of neuropathic diabetic individuals through baropodometry, related to losses in the sensorimotor system. Twenty-eight healthy and 25 diagnosed with diabetic neuropathy were subjected to static evaluation (measurement of displacement of body center of pressure) and dynamic (temporal analysis of the stance phase of gait cycle). The tactile sensitivity of the feet was assessed by Semmes Weinstein monofilaments and isometric muscle strength of ankle dynamometry. Analyses of multivariânvia (MANOVAs) and variance (ANOVAs) indicated lower performance in tactile sensitivity, muscle strength and dynamic balance, but showed no difference for static equilibrium of diabetic neuropathy. With this study by regression analysis, one can infer that the equilibrium differences in gait of neuropathic insensitivity may result from tactile and muscle strength.

https://doi.org/10.6063/motricidade.8(3).1154 4272 downloads Cited 1 time in SciELO

11.

Desempenho do feijoeiro consorciado com espécies de braquiária em função de doses de fluazifop-p-butil
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Carvalho, A.J.

; Carneiro, J.E.S.

; Santos, M.V.

; Ferreira, L.R.

; Cecon, P.R.

; Santos, M.G.P

Planta Daninha

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jun 2012, Volume 30 N. 2 Pages 387 - 394

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Para avaliar o efeito de doses de fluazifop-p-butil no desempenho do feijoeiro consorciado com braquiária, foi conduzido um experimento em Coimbra, MG, nas safras da seca de 2007 e das águas de 2007-2008. Foi utilizado o delineamento em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos foram dispostos em esquema fatorial, envolvendo duas espécies de braquiária (Brachiaria brizantha e B. decumbens), seis doses de fluazifop-pbutil (0; 7,81; 15,62; 31,25; 62,50; e 125,00 g ha-1), mais o monocultivo de ambas as culturas. O feijoeiro foi plantado a 0,5 m entre linhas, com as sementes de braquiária sendo semeadas nas mesmas fileiras do feijão. Nos sistemas consorciados, além das doses de fluazifop-pbutil, utilizou-se fomesafen (125 g ha-1) e bentazon (336 g ha-1). Para o feijão solteiro foi utilizada uma mistura dos herbicidas fomesafen (125 g ha-1) e fluazifop-p-butil (100 g ha-1). Foram avaliados o estande final de plantas e o rendimento de grãos do feijoeiro com seus componentes primários. Os dados foram submetidos à analise de variância, sendo os efeitos das espécies de braquiária e das safras estudados pelo teste F, e os efeitos das doses de fluazifop-p-butil, por análise de regressão. Conclui-se que B. decumbens é mais competitiva com o feijão que B. hrizantha. Na safra da seca, a utilização de 7,81 g ha-1 de fluazifop-p-butil no consórcio com B. decumbens proporciona rendimento de grãos de feijão equivalente ao do monocultivo. O consórcio com B. brizantha dispensa o uso do herbicida. Na safra das águas, independentemente da espécie de braquiária, é necessária a aplicação de 31,25 g ha-1 de fluazifop-p-butil.

To evaluate the effect of fluazifop-p-butyl doses on the performance of bean intercropped with brachiaria species, an experiment was conducted in Coimbra, MG, during the 2007 dry season and 2007-2008 rainy season crops. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with four replications. The treatments were set up in a factorial design, involving two species of grass (Brachiaria brizantha and B. decumbens), six doses of fluazifop-p-butyl (0, 7.81, 15.62, 31.25, 62.50, and 125.00 g ha-1), plus the monoculture of both cultures. The common bean plant was planted at 0.5 m between rows, with the brachiaria seeds being sown in the same row of the bean plant. In the intercropping systems, in addition to fluazifop-p-butyl, fomesafen (125 g ha-1) and bentazon (336 g ha-1) were used. A mixture of fomesafen (125 g ha-1) and fluazifop-p-butyl (100 g ha-1) was applied to the monoculture bean. The final plant stand and the bean yield were evaluated with the primary components. Data were submitted to analysis of variance; the effects of the brachiaria species and the crop were studied by the F test and the effects of the fluazifop-p-butyl doses, by regression analysis. It was concluded that B. decumbens is more competitive with the beans than B. brizantha. In the dry season, the use of 7.81g ha-1 of fluazifop-p-butyl in the intercropping with B. decumbens provides a bean yield equivalent to that of the monoculture. Intercropping with B. brizantha does not require the use of herbicide. In the rainy season, regardless of the brachiaria species, 31.25 g ha-1 of fluazifop-p-butyl must be applied.

1725 downloads

12.

Conhecimento e usos do babaçu (Attalea speciosa Mart. e Attalea eichleri (Drude) A. J. Hend.) entre os Mebêngôkre-Kayapó da Terra Indígena Las Casas, estado do Pará, Brasil
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González-Pérez, Sol Elizabeth

; Coelho-Ferreira, Márlia

; Robert, Pascale de

; Garcés, Claudia Leonor López

Acta Botanica Brasilica

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jun 2012, Volume 26 N. 2 Pages 295 - 308

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

O babaçu (A. speciosa) é uma das espécies que se destacam na subsistência de diversos povos e populações tradicionais que habitam o cerrado, região que ocupa aproximadamente 24% do território brasileiro. Neste estudo, efetuado entre o povo indígena Kayapó, foi feito um levantamento sobre os usos do babaçu na aldeia Las Casas, na Terra Indígena Las Casas, a qual está localizada dentro dos municípios de Pau D´Arco, Floresta do Araguaia e Redenção, no estado do Pará. Os dados foram obtidos através de entrevistas semi-estruturadas com 25 interlocutores e a importância deste recurso para os Kayapó foi analisada com base nos tipos de usos mencionados, calculando o índice de diversidade de uso entre os indígenas. Os informantes reconheceram duas etnoespécies como babaçu, A. speciosa (rõn tire) e A. eichleri (rõn ne) com aproximadamente dez usos em cinco categorias: alimentação, construção, cosmético, doméstico e ritual. Os resultados obtidos para o valor de diversidade do informante (IDs) foram de 22,89 para A. speciosa e 10, 35 para A. eichleri. Estes valores demonstram que os informantes possuem menor dependência dos recursos oferecidos por A. eichleri, quando comparada aos oferecidos por A. speciosa, e ainda que os valores entre as duas espécies sejam discrepantes, a importância delas está relacionada principalmente ao aproveitamento da amêndoa para a produção de óleo para usos rituais e cosméticos.

The babassu palm (A. speciosa) is a species that stands out in the economy and livelihood of the people who live in the Cerrado biome, which is approximately 24% of Brazilian territory. A survey on the use and knowledge of babassu was carried out in the village of Las Casas, in Las Casas Indigenous Land. This village is located in the municipalities of Pau D'Arco, Floresta do Araguaia and Redenção. The importance of babassu for the community was analyzed by taking into account the types of uses registered and their management. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews (25 people), and the index of diversity of use among interviewees (IDs) was calculated. Informants recognized two babassu species, A. speciosa (rôn tire) and A. eichleri (rôn ne) with diverse applications classified in five categories: food, construction, cosmetics, domestic and ritual. The IDs values obtained were 22.89 for A. speciosa and 10.35 for A. eichleri. These figures show that the respondents have a lower dependence on the features offered by A. eichleri when compared to A. speciosa and although the values of the two species are divergent, their importance for the community is mainly related to using the nut oil for cosmetics and in rituals.

https://doi.org/10.1590/S0102-33062012000200007 8811 downloads Cited 2 times in SciELO

13.

Identification of Albizia lebbeck seed coat chitin-binding vicilins (7S globulins) with high toxicity to the larvae of the bruchid Callosobruchus maculatus
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Souza, A.J.

; Ferreira, A.T.S.

; Perales, J.

; Beghini, D.G.

; Fernandes, K.V.S.

; Xavier-Filho, J.

; Venancio, T.M.

; Oliveira, A.E.A.

Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research

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feb 2012, Volume 45 N. 2 Pages 118 - 124

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Seed coat is a specialized maternal tissue that interfaces the embryo and the external environment during embryogenesis, dormancy and germination. In addition, it is the first defensive barrier against penetration by pathogens and herbivores. Here we show that Albizia lebbeck seed coat dramatically compromises the oviposition, eclosion and development of the bruchid Callosobruchus maculatus. Dietary supplementation of bruchid larvae with A. lebbeck seed coat flour causes severe weight loss and reduces survival. By means of protein purification, mass spectrometry and bioinformatic analyses, we show that chitin-binding vicilins are the main source of A. lebbeck tegumental toxicity to C. maculatus. At concentrations as low as 0.1%, A. lebbeck vicilins reduce larval mass from 8.1 ± 1.7 (mass of control larvae) to 1.8 ± 0.5 mg, which corresponds to a decrease of 78%. Seed coat toxicity constitutes an efficient defense mechanism, hindering insect predation and preventing embryo damage. We hypothesize that A. lebbeck vicilins are good candidates for the genetic transformation of crop legumes to enhance resistance to bruchid predation.

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14.

Classification of brain tumor extracts by high resolution ¹H MRS using partial least squares discriminant analysis
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Faria, A.V.

; Macedo Jr., F.C.

; Marsaioli, A.J.

; Ferreira, M.M.C.

; Cendes, F.

Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research

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feb 2011, Volume 44 N. 2 Pages 149 - 164

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

High resolution proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (¹H MRS) can be used to detect biochemical changes in vitro caused by distinct pathologies. It can reveal distinct metabolic profiles of brain tumors although the accurate analysis and classification of different spectra remains a challenge. In this study, the pattern recognition method partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was used to classify 11.7 T ¹H MRS spectra of brain tissue extracts from patients with brain tumors into four classes (high-grade neuroglial, low-grade neuroglial, non-neuroglial, and metastasis) and a group of control brain tissue. PLS-DA revealed 9 metabolites as the most important in group differentiation: γ-aminobutyric acid, acetoacetate, alanine, creatine, glutamate/glutamine, glycine, myo-inositol, N-acetylaspartate, and choline compounds. Leave-one-out cross-validation showed that PLS-DA was efficient in group characterization. The metabolic patterns detected can be explained on the basis of previous multimodal studies of tumor metabolism and are consistent with neoplastic cell abnormalities possibly related to high turnover, resistance to apoptosis, osmotic stress and tumor tendency to use alternative energetic pathways such as glycolysis and ketogenesis.

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15.

Prospecção química de compostos produzidos por Senna alata com atividade alelopática
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Rodrigues, I.M.C.

; Souza Filho, A.P.S.

; Ferreira, F.A.

; Demuner, A.J.

Planta Daninha

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2010, Volume 28 N. 1 Pages 1 - 12

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Senna alata é uma espécie daninha frequente em pastagens da região amazônica. Suas folhas apresentam propriedades medicinais capazes de influenciar a germinação e o desenvolvimento de outras plantas. Objetivou-se neste estudo a prospecção química e a avaliação da atividade alelopática dos compostos presentes nas folhas de S. alata. O material vegetal foi seco, triturado e submetido à extração exaustiva, com solução água:metanol (3:7). O extrato obtido foi então fracionado por coluna cromatográfica por via úmida. As frações mais puras foram submetidas à espectroscopia de Ressonância Magnética Nuclear, para determinação das fórmulas estruturais das moléculas. Na avaliação dos efeitos das substâncias químicas isoladas, utilizaram-se as concentrações de 50, 100, 150 e 200 ppm, tendo como eluente solução hidrometanólica (3:7 v/v). As frações foram adicionadas em placas de Petri e seus efeitos avaliados sobre a germinação de sementes e o alongamento da radícula e hipocótilo de três espécies daninhas de áreas de pastagens: Mimosa pudica, Senna obtusifolia e a própria S. alata. Os compostos com atividade alelopática encontrados em folhas de S. alata pertencem à classe dos flavonoides glicosilados, cujo núcleo aromático é um kaempferol, e causaram maior inibição sobre o crescimento da radícula e sobre a germinação de S. obtusifolia e M. pudica. Já os efeitos autotóxicos desse composto são pouco significativos para o desenvolvimento da plântula e nulos sobre a germinação.

Senna alata is a weed species frequently found in pastures of the Amazonian region and whose leaves have medicinal properties. This study aimed to carry out a chemical prospecting and evaluation of the allelopathic activity of the compounds present in S. alata leaves. The plant material was dried, ground, and submitted to exhaustive extraction with water/methanol (3:7) solution. The crude extract obtained was fractioned by wet chromatography column. The purest fractions were submitted to Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy to determine their structures. To evaluate the effects of the isolated chemical substances, concentrations of 50, 100, 150 and 200 ppm were used in water/methanol solvents (3:7). The fractions were placed on Petri dishes and their effects were evaluated on seed germination and radicle and hypocotyl elongation of three pasture weeds: Mimosa pudica, Senna obtusifolia, and Senna alata itself. The compounds with allelopathic activity found in S. alata leaves belong to the flavonoid glycoside class, whose aromatic core is a kaempferol causing major inhibition on radicle elongation and germination of S. obtusifolia and M. pudica. The auto toxic effects of this compound are not very significant for seedling development and null for germination.

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