RESUMO O artigo objetivou verificar a remuneração docente em redes municipais de ensino de dois estados da federação brasileira, Mato Grosso do Sul e Paraná, mediante os registros da Relação Anual de Informações Sociais, em anos selecionados (de 2008 a 2018), período entrecortado pelo contexto da austeridade fiscal implantada pela aprovação da emenda constitucional n. 95/2016. Trabalhou-se com os dados registrados na Relação Anual de Informações Sociais e com a legislação educacional. Verificou-se que a aprovação da emenda em questão interrompeu um ciclo de políticas de valorização docente que estava em curso na interseção da política educacional da União com as unidades federativas. Ainda que o setor educacional, por meio de suas entidades, tenha apresentado resistência para garantir conquistas recentes, o contexto de austeridade fiscal já conduz a perdas significativas no que tange à remuneração docente, que colocam em situação de risco a manutenção e a ampliação do direito à educação.

ABSTRACT This paper analyzed teacher compensation in municipal networks in two Brazilian states, Mato Grosso do Sul and Paraná, according to the Annual Social Information Report (Relação Anual de Informações Sociais), from 2008 to 2018. The period was characterized by fiscal austerity policies implemented after the approval of Constitutional Amendment no. 95/2016. The data were extracted from Relação Anual de Informações Sociais and relevant educational legislation was consulted. The approval of the Amendment interrupted a cycle of teacher appreciation policies that had been in place at the intersection between the federal government’s education policy and that of each Brazilian state. Although the educational sector, through its entities, has shown resistance to ensure recent achievements, the context of fiscal austerity has led to significant losses in terms of teacher compensation, which has put the maintenance and expansion of the right to education at risk.

RESUMEN El artículo tuvo como objetivo verificar la remuneración docente en las redes municipales de enseñanza de los estados de la federación brasilera, Mato Grosso do Sul y Paraná, mediante los registros de la Relación Anual de Informaciones Sociales (Relação Anual de Informações Sociais), en años seleccionados, de 2008 a 2018, período entrecortado por el contexto de la austeridad fiscal implantada por la aprobación de la Enmienda Constitucional no. 95/2016. Se trabajó con los dados registrados en la Relação Anual de Informações Sociais y con la legislación educacional. Se verificó que la aprobación de la Enmienda en cuestión interrumpió un ciclo de políticas de valorización docente, que estaba en curso en la intersección de la política educacional de la Unión con las unidades federativas. Mismo que el sector educacional, por medio de sus entidades, haya presentado resistencia para garantizar conquistas recientes, el contexto de austeridad fiscal ya conduce a pérdidas significativas en lo que se refiere a la remuneración docente, que colocan en situación de riesgo la manutención y la ampliación del derecho a la educación.

ABSTRACT Spatial variability evaluation of qualitative attributes can be used as an excellent strategy to design forms of intervention that result in better crop profitability for some agricultural crops, for example, sugarcane. Based on the assumption that qualitative attributes of sugarcane present spatial variability and their distributions along the stems are uniform in different varieties, this study aimed to evaluate the distributions of the qualitative parameters of different sugarcane varieties and the spatial variability of these attributes in a commercial field. Samples of nine varieties were collected for laboratory quality analysis, and the Brix parameter was analyzed by a digital refractometer. The analysis of variance, the Tukey test, and geoestatistcs were the statistical analyses applied to the dataset. The maps were generated using 91 sample results from the laboratory analysis of the 16.6 ha field. It was found that, in the harvest period, there was no significant difference in Brix content along the sugarcane stems. Therefore, we can conclude that the Brix content along the sugarcane stems does not change in the harvesting period, and the ideal sampling size to better represent the factors affecting sugarcane qualitative attributes is six points per hectare.

Glyphosate was determined in runoff and leaching waters in agricultural soil that received an application of active ingredient and was exposed to simulated intensive rain conditions. The concentrations decreased during the simulation period and the concentrations of the runoff were higher than those achieved in the samples of leaching waters. The concentrations were lower than the pattern in the Brazilian Regulation MS N. 518/2004 for drinking water. The transported load of the applied active ingredient by the leaching was of 15.4% (w/w) and for the runoff was of 1.7% (w/w).

A oxidação de álcoois homoalílicos terciários com trinitrato de tálio (TTN) foi investigada. Os álcoois que possuem uma metila na posição alílica perdem uma molécula de acetona via uma reação de fragmentação, levando a uma mistura de álcoois alílicos isoméricos como principais produtos, juntamente com os correspondentes derivados acetilados. Por outro lado, o tratamento com TTN de álcoois terciários análogos, sem a metila na posição alílica, fornece indanos, através de uma reação de contração de anel.

The oxidation of tertiary homoallylic alcohols with thallium trinitrate (TTN) was investigated. The alcohols bearing an allylic methyl group lose a molecule of acetone via a fragmentation reaction that leads to isomeric secondary allylic alcohols as major products, together with their corresponding acetylated derivatives. On the other hand, treating analogous tertiary alcohols without the allylic methyl group with TTN gives indans, through a ring contraction reaction.