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1.
Efeito da extração alcalina na redução do número Kappa no branqueamento ECF
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RESUMO O estágio de hidrólise ácida (AHT), usado em sequências de branqueamento de polpa, tem como objetivo principal a degradação dos ácidos hexenurônicos, que estando presentes na polpa podem afetar sua alvura, reversão de alvura, entre outros. Apesar do benefício da utilização do estágio de hidrólise ácida, o pH desta etapa não é o mais adequado para a degradação da lignina, pois esta é mais reativa em meio alcalino. Portanto, o presente trabalho buscou estudar uma melhoria no processo de branqueamento pela adição de um estágio de extração alcalina após o estágio AHT, obtendo o melhor aproveitamento possível do estágio de dióxido cloro. Para este estudo foi utilizada polpa Kraft de eucalipto pré-deslignificada com oxigênio. Diferentes sequências de branqueamento ECF (Elemental Chlorine Free) foram realizadas na polpa, sendo elas: D0(E+P)D1, AHTD0(E+P)D1, AHT/ED0(E+P)D1 e AHTED0(E+P)D1. Os resultados encontrados com a inclusão do estágio de extração alcalina simples após a hidrólise ácida, apontam um efeito positivo na sequência de branqueamento, havendo uma significativa redução do consumo de dióxido de cloro. A inclusão da extração alcalina simples também possibilitou a redução do número Kappa e aumento na alvura, com uma redução de 0,3 pontos na média do número Kappa e aumento de 1,3% ISO na alvura, analisados após a extração alcalina com peróxido de hidrogênio da sequência OAHT/ED0(E+P)D1, se comparada à sequência sem extração alcalina simples.
ABSTRACT The acid hydrolysis stage (AHT) used in bleaching sequences of pulp, has as its main objective, the degradation of hexenuronic acids which are present in the pulp and can affect its brightness, reversal of brightness, among others. Despite the benefit of using the acid hydrolysis stage, the pH of this stage is not the most adequate, but when it comes to the degradation of lignin, it is more reactive in alkaline medium. Therefore, the present work sought to study an improvement in the bleaching process by the addition of an alkaline extraction stage after AHT stage, obtaining the best possible use of the chlorine dioxide stage. In this study, oxygen-delignifiedKraft pulp from eucalyptus was used. Different ECF (Elemental Chlorine Free) bleaching sequences were performed in the pulp: D0(E+P)D1, AHTD0(E+P)D1, AHT/ED0(E+P)D1 and AHTED0(E+P)D1. As a result, the inclusion of a simple alkaline stage after the acid hydrolysis indicate a positive effect on the bleaching sequence, with a significant reduction in the consumption of chlorine dioxide. The inclusion of simple alkaline extraction also allowed the reduction of thekappa number and increased brightness, with a reduction of 0.3 points in the average Kappa number and a 1.3% ISO increase in brightness, analyzed after alkaline extraction with hydrogen peroxide of the sequence AHT/ED0(E+P)D1 when compared to the one without simple alkaline extraction.
https://doi.org/10.5902/198050344
139 downloads
2.
Differences in children and adolescents with SARS-CoV-2 infection: a cohort study in a Brazilian tertiary referral hospital
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Marques, Heloisa Helena de Sousa
; Pereira, Maria Fernanda Badue
; Santos, Angélica Carreira dos
; Fink, Thais Toledo
; Paula, Camila Sanson Yoshino de
; Litvinov, Nadia
; Schvartsman, Claudio
; Delgado, Artur Figueiredo
; Gibelli, Maria Augusta Bento Cicaroni
; Carvalho, Werther Brunow de
; Odone Filho, Vicente
; Tannuri, Uenis
; Carneiro-Sampaio, Magda
; Grisi, Sandra
; Duarte, Alberto José da Silva
; Antonangelo, Leila
; Francisco, Rossana Pucineli Vieira
; Okay, Thelma Suely
; Batisttella, Linamara Rizzo
; Carvalho, Carlos Roberto Ribeiro de
; Brentani, Alexandra Valéria Maria
; Silva, Clovis Artur
; Eisencraft, Adriana Pasmanik
; Rossi Junior, Alfio
; Fante, Alice Lima
; Cora, Aline Pivetta
; Reis, Amelia Gorete A. de Costa
; Ferrer, Ana Paula Scoleze
; Andrade, Anarella Penha Meirelles de
; Watanabe, Andreia
; Gonçalves, Angelina Maria Freire
; Waetge, Aurora Rosaria Pagliara
; Silva, Camila Altenfelder
; Ceneviva, Carina
; Lazari, Carolina dos Santos
; Abellan, Deipara Monteiro
; Santos, Emilly Henrique dos
; Sabino, Ester Cerdeira
; Bianchini, Fabíola Roberta Marim
; Alcantara, Flávio Ferraz de Paes
; Ramos, Gabriel Frizzo
; Leal, Gabriela Nunes
; Rodriguez, Isadora Souza
; Pinho, João Renato Rebello
; Carneiro, Jorge David Avaizoglou
; Paz, Jose Albino
; Ferreira, Juliana Carvalho
; Ferranti, Juliana Ferreira
; Ferreira, Juliana de Oliveira Achili
; Framil, Juliana Valéria de Souza
; Silva, Katia Regina da
; Kanunfre, Kelly Aparecida
; Bastos, Karina Lucio de Medeiros
; Galleti, Karine Vusberg
; Cristofani, Lilian Maria
; Suzuki, Lisa
; Campos, Lucia Maria Arruda
; Perondi, Maria Beatriz de Moliterno
; Diniz, Maria de Fatima Rodrigues
; Fonseca, Maria Fernanda Mota
; Cordon, Mariana Nutti de Almeida
; Pissolato, Mariana
; Peres, Marina Silva
; Garanito, Marlene Pereira
; Imamura, Marta
; Dorna, Mayra de Barros
; Luglio, Michele
; Rocha, Mussya Cisotto
; Aikawa, Nadia Emi
; Degaspare, Natalia Viu
; Sakita, Neusa Keico
; Udsen, Nicole Lee
; Scudeller, Paula Gobi
; Gaiolla, Paula Vieira de Vincenzi
; Severini, Rafael da Silva Giannasi
; Rodrigues, Regina Maria
; Toma, Ricardo Katsuya
; Paula, Ricardo Iunis Citrangulo de
; Palmeira, Patricia
; Forsait, Silvana
; Farhat, Sylvia Costa Lima
; Sakano, Tânia Miyuki Shimoda
; Koch, Vera Hermina Kalika
; Cobello Junior, Vilson
.
OBJECTIVES: To compare demographic/clinical/laboratory/treatments and outcomes among children and adolescents with laboratory-confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). METHODS: This was a cross-sectional study that included patients diagnosed with pediatric COVID-19 (aged <18 years) between April 11, 2020 and April 22, 2021. During this period, 102/5,951 (1.7%) of all admissions occurred in neonates, children, and adolescents. Furthermore, 3,962 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) detection samples were processed in patients aged <18 years, and laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 occurred in 155 (4%) inpatients and outpatients. Six/155 pediatric patients were excluded from the study. Therefore, the final group included 149 children and adolescents (n=97 inpatients and 52 outpatients) with positive SARS-CoV-2 results. RESULTS: The frequencies of sore throat, anosmia, dysgeusia, headache, myalgia, nausea, lymphopenia, pre-existing chronic conditions, immunosuppressive conditions, and autoimmune diseases were significantly reduced in children and adolescents (p<0.05). Likewise, the frequencies of enoxaparin use (p=0.037), current immunosuppressant use (p=0.008), vasoactive agents (p=0.045), arterial hypotension (p<0.001), and shock (p=0.024) were significantly lower in children than in adolescents. Logistic regression analysis showed that adolescents with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 had increased odds ratios (ORs) for sore throat (OR 13.054; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.750-61.977; p=0.001), nausea (OR 8.875; 95% CI 1.660-47.446; p=0.011), and lymphopenia (OR 3.575; 95% CI 1.355-9.430; p=0.010), but also had less hospitalizations (OR 0.355; 95% CI 0.138-0.916; p=0.032). The additional logistic regression analysis on patients with preexisting chronic conditions (n=108) showed that death as an outcome was significantly associated with pediatric severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) (OR 22.300; 95% CI 2.341-212.421; p=0.007) and multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) (OR 11.261; 95% CI 1.189-106. 581; p=0.035). CONCLUSIONS: Half of the laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 cases occurred in adolescents. Individuals belonging to this age group had an acute systemic involvement of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Pediatric SARS and MIS-C were the most important factors associated with the mortality rate in pediatric chronic conditions with COVID-19.
3.
Identification of clusters of asthma control: A preliminary analysis of the Inspirers studies
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Jácome, Cristina
; Amaral, Rita
; Almeida, Rute
; Pereira, Ana Margarida
; Couto, Mariana
; Araújo, Luís
; Alves-Correia, Magna
; Pereira, Mariana
; Ferreira-Magalhães, Manuel
; Loureiro, Cláudia Chaves
; Catarata, Maria Joana
; Santos, Lília Maia
; Cabral, Sara
; Pereira, João
; Ramos, Bárbara
; Lopes, Cristina
; Mendes, Ana
; Lopes, Anabela
; Rodrigues, José Carlos Cidrais
; Oliveira, Georgeta
; Aguiar, Ana Paula
; Afonso, Ivete
; Carvalho, Joana
; Arrobas, Ana Maria
; Costa, José
; Valério, Margarida
; Pereira, Marta
; Almeida, Teresa
; Dias, Joana
; Bom, Ana Todo
; Azevedo, João
; Ribeiro, Carmelita
; Alves, Marta
; Pinto, Paula Leiria
; Neuparth, Nuno
; Neves, Ana Castro
; Palhinha, Ana
; Marques, João Gaspar
; Martins, Pedro
; Trincão, David Pina
; Todo-Bom, Filipa
; Santos, Maria Alvarenga
; Branco, Joana
; Costa, Alberto
; Neto, Armandina Silva
; Santalha, Marta
; Lozoya, Carlos
; Santos, Natacha
; Silva, Diana
; Vasconcelos, Maria João
; Barata, Luís Taborda
; Teixeira, Maria Fernanda
; Pinto, Diana
; Alves, Rodrigo Rodrigues
; Moreira, Ana Sofia
; Pinto, Cláudia Sofia
; Silva, Pedro Morais
; Alves, Carlos
; Câmara, Raquel
; Coelho, Didina
; Bordalo, Diana
; Carvalho, Fernanda
; Fernandes, Ricardo
; Ferreira, Rosário
; Oliveira, José Ferraz de
; Menezes, Fernando
; Gomes, Ricardo
; Calix, Maria José
; Marques, Ana
; Cardoso, João
; Emiliano, Madalena
; Gerardo, Rita
; Nunes, Carlos
; Ferreira, José Alberto
; Lopes, Inês
; Alves, Adelaide
; Fonseca, João Almeida
.
Objetivos: Identificar clusters de controlo da asma baseados no Teste de Controlo da Asma e Rinite Alérgica (CARAT) e comparar as características dos doentes nos diferentes clusters. Métodos: Adultos e adolescentes (≥13 anos) com asma persistente foram recrutados em 29 centros no contexto de 2 estudos observacionais do projeto INSPIRERS. Foram recolhidos dados relativos a características demográficas e clínicas, adesão ao inalador, crenças sobre a medicação, sintomas de ansiedade e depressão, qualidade de vida e controlo da asma (CARAT, >24 bom controlo). Foi efetuada uma análise hierárquica de clusters usando a pontuação total do CARAT (CARAT-T).Resultados: Foram analisados 410 doentes (68% adultos), com uma idade mediana (percentil 25-percentil 75) de 28 (16-46) anos. Foram identificados três clusters [média CARAT-T(min-max)]: cluster 1 [27(24-30)], cluster 2 [19(14-23)] e cluster 3 [10(2-13)]. Os doentes no cluster 1 (34%) apresentavam melhor controlo da asma, melhor qualidade de vida, maior adesão aos inaladores e usavam um único inalador. Os doentes nos clusters 2 (50%) e 3 (16%) tinham a asma não controlada, menor adesão aos inaladores, mais sintomas de ansiedade e depressão e mais de metade reportavam pelo menos uma exacerbação no último ano. Adicionalmente, os doentes no cluster 3 eram predominantemente mulheres, tinham mais consultas médicas não agendadas, apresentavam mais sintomas de ansiedade, percebiam uma maior necessidade dos inaladores, mas também uma maior preocupação associada ao seu uso. Não se verificaram diferenças na idade, índice de massa corporal, função pulmonar, hábitos tabágicos, hospitalizações ou tempo de seguimento pelo médico especialista. Conclusões: Um método não supervisionado baseado no CARAT-T, identificou 3 clusters de doentes com diferentes características clínicas. O cluster com melhor controlo apresenta um ponto de corte semelhante ao estabelecido no estudo de validação do CARAT. Este estudo sugere ainda a existência de um ponto de corte adicional para distinguir doença mais grave. Mais investigação é necessária para validar os clusters identificados
Aims: To identify distinct asthma control clusters based on Control of Allergic Rhinitis and Asthma Test (CARAT) and to compare patients’ characteristics among these clusters. Methods: Adults and adolescents (≥13 years) with persistent asthma were recruited at 29 Portuguese hospital outpatient clinics, in the context of two observational studies of the INSPIRERS project. Demographic and clinical characteristics, adherence to inhaled medication, beliefs about inhaled medication, anxiety and depression, quality of life, and asthma control (CARAT, >24 good control) were collected. Hierarchical cluster analysis was performed using CARAT total score (CARAT-T). Results: 410 patients (68% adults), with a median (percentile 25-percentile 75) age of 28 (16-46) years, were analysed. Three clusters were identified [mean CARAT-T (min-max)]: cluster 1 [27(24-30)], cluster 2 [19(14-23)] and cluster 3 [10(2-13)]. Patients in cluster 1 (34%) were characterised by better asthma control, better quality of life, higher inhaler adherence and use of a single inhaler. Patients in clusters 2 (50%) and 3 (16%) had uncontrolled asthma, lower inhaler adherence, more symptoms of anxiety and depression and more than half had at least one exacerbation in the previous year. Furthermore, patients in cluster 3 were predominantly female, had more unscheduled medical visits and more anxiety symptoms, perceived a higher necessity of their prescribed inhalers but also higher levels of concern about taking these inhalers. There were no differences in age, body mass index, lung function, smoking status, hospital admissions or specialist physician follow-up time among the three clusters. Conclusion: An unsupervised method based on CARAT-T, identified 3 clusters of patients with distinct, clinically meaningful characteristics. The cluster with better asthma control had a cut-off similar to the established in the validation study of CARAT and an additional cut-off seems to distinguish more severe disease. Further research is necessary to validate the asthma control clusters identified.
https://doi.org/10.32932/rpia.2020.12.046
633 downloads
4.
A STUDY OF THE PHYSICO-MECHANICAL PROPERTIES IN SHORT BLEACHING SEQUENCES
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RESUMO A polpa kraft de Eucalyptus spp. é relativamente fácil de ser branqueada. Portanto estudos têm sido feitos a fim de diminuir o número de estágios de branqueamento na planta, minimizando assim, custos do processo. O presente trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a utilização de duas sequências curtas de branqueamento, nas propriedades físico-mecânicas da polpa celulósica, bem como comparar os valores aos valores obtidos por sequências usuais de branqueamento. Foram estudadas quatro sequências de branqueamento ECF (livre de cloro elementar), D0(E+P)D1P, AHTD0(E+P)D1P, AHTDP e AHTD(PO). Para cada sequência de branqueamento foram avaliadas a alvura, reversão de alvura e custo total dos reagentes. As análises físicas e mecânicas foram realizadas de acordo com as metodologias da Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry (TAPPI, 2002). A sequência AHTD(PO) apresentou maior alvura, menor reversão de alvura, menor custo total e melhor lisura comparada às sequências referências. Entretanto apresentou menor índice de rasgo e menor índice de compressão. A sequência AHTDP não atingiu a alvura objetivo, porém, apresentou menor reversão de alvura e menor custo de branqueamento do que as sequências referências. A sequências AHTDP apresentou alto índice de compressão e lisura, porém apresentou baixo índice de rasgo.
ABSTRACT The kraft pulp of Eucalyptus spp. is relatively easy to be bleached. Therefore, studies have been carried out to reduce the number of stages of bleaching in the plant and minimize process costs. The present work aimed to evaluate the use of two short bleaching sequences in the physico-mechanical properties of cellulosic pulp as well as to compare these values to the ones obtained by usual bleaching sequences. The four bleaching sequences were ECF (elemental chlorine free), D0(E+P)D1P, AHTD0(E+P)D1P, and AHTDP and AHTD (PO). For each bleaching sequence the brightness, brightness reversion and total cost of reagents were evaluated. Physical and mechanical analyses were performed according to the methodologies of the Technical Association of the Pulp and Paper Industry (TAPPI, 2002). The AHTD (PO) sequence showed higher brightness, less brightness reversion, lower total cost and better smoothness compared to the reference sequences. However, it had a lower tear index and a lower compression index. The AHTDP sequence did not reach target brightness, however, it presented brightness reversion and lower total cost than the reference sequences. The AHTDP sequences showed high compression and smoothness, but presented a low compression index.
https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-90882018000500005
585 downloads
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