ABSTRACT Background: In the attempt to reactivate the economy after several months of the pandemic generated by COVID-19, several South American countries have been forced to attenuate the restriction measures created to prevent contagion, leaving all the responsibility to citizens to safeguard their lives. Faced with this situation, the objective of the work was to promote good prevention practices against COVID-19 in the general population to avoid the collapse of the public health system. Methods: An exploratory review on prevention measures against COVID-19 was carried out in the databases Elsevier, Pubmed, Wiley, Scopus, Scielo and, in general, in academic Google, to obtain gray information. Results: The role of seven individual protection and prevention measures and barriers to stop the advance of community infections by COVID-19 were described and analyzed. Studies showed that the use of preventive measures can play a critical role in containing the pandemic. However, they can also provide a false security of protection, predisposing to neglect the correct use and handling of all containment measures. Conclusions: Given the drastic rise in infections and deaths from COVID-19 in Latin America, it becomes necessary to continue with biosecurity campaigns so that citizens are clear that prevention is an integrated process and that the use of one measure does not replace another.

RESUMEN Fundamentos: En el intento de reactivar la economía tras varios meses de pandemia generada por COVID-19, varios países sudamericanos se han visto obligados a reducir las medidas de restricción creadas para evitar contagios, dejando toda la responsabilidad a la ciudadanía a salvaguardar sus vidas. Ante esta situación, el objetivo del trabajo fue promover buenas prácticas de prevención contra COVID-19 en la población general para evitar el colapso del sistema público de salud. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión exploratoria sobre medidas de prevención contra COVID-19 en las bases de datos Elsevier, Pubmed, Wiley, Scopus, Scielo y, en forma general, en Google académico para obtener información gris. Resultados: Se describieron y analizaron el rol de siete medidas y barreras de protección y prevención individual para detener el avance de los contagios comunitarios por COVID-19. Los estudios mostraron que el uso de medidas de prevención puede desempeñar un papel fundamental en la contención la pandemia. No obstante, también pueden brindan una falsa seguridad de protección, predisponiendo a dejar de lado el uso y manejo correcto de todas las medidas de contención. Conclusiones: Ante el ascenso drástico de los contagios y muerte por la COVID-19 en América Latina, se vuelve necesario continuar con las campañas de bioseguridad para que la ciudadanía tenga claro que la prevención es un proceso integrado y que el uso de una medida no reemplaza otra.

ABSTRACT Background: In the attempt to reactivate the economy after several months of the pandemic generated by COVID-19, several South American countries have been forced to attenuate the restriction measures created to prevent contagion, leaving all the responsibility to citizens to safeguard their lives. Faced with this situation, the objective of the work was to promote good prevention practices against COVID-19 in the general population to avoid the collapse of the public health system. Methods: An exploratory review on prevention measures against COVID-19 was carried out in the databases Elsevier, Pubmed, Wiley, Scopus, Scielo and, in general, in academic Google, to obtain gray information. Results: The role of seven individual protection and prevention measures and barriers to stop the advance of community infections by COVID-19 were described and analyzed. Studies showed that the use of preventive measures can play a critical role in containing the pandemic. However, they can also provide a false security of protection, predisposing to neglect the correct use and handling of all containment measures. Conclusions: Given the drastic rise in infections and deaths from COVID-19 in Latin America, it becomes necessary to continue with biosecurity campaigns so that citizens are clear that prevention is an integrated process and that the use of one measure does not replace another.

RESUMEN Fundamentos: En el intento de reactivar la economía tras varios meses de pandemia generada por COVID-19, varios países sudamericanos se han visto obligados a reducir las medidas de restricción creadas para evitar contagios, dejando toda la responsabilidad a la ciudadanía a salvaguardar sus vidas. Ante esta situación, el objetivo del trabajo fue promover buenas prácticas de prevención contra COVID-19 en la población general para evitar el colapso del sistema público de salud. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión exploratoria sobre medidas de prevención contra COVID-19 en las bases de datos Elsevier, Pubmed, Wiley, Scopus, Scielo y, en forma general, en Google académico para obtener información gris. Resultados: Se describieron y analizaron el rol de siete medidas y barreras de protección y prevención individual para detener el avance de los contagios comunitarios por COVID-19. Los estudios mostraron que el uso de medidas de prevención puede desempeñar un papel fundamental en la contención la pandemia. No obstante, también pueden brindan una falsa seguridad de protección, predisponiendo a dejar de lado el uso y manejo correcto de todas las medidas de contención. Conclusiones: Ante el ascenso drástico de los contagios y muerte por la COVID-19 en América Latina, se vuelve necesario continuar con las campañas de bioseguridad para que la ciudadanía tenga claro que la prevención es un proceso integrado y que el uso de una medida no reemplaza otra.

The isolation frequency of Arcobacter species in children with diarrhea, fowls, mammals and food of avian and marine origin was established. In all the samples it was possible to isolate Arcobacter species corresponding 201 (39.4%) to A. butzleri and 24 (4.7) to A. cryaerophilus. Both species were simultaneously isolated in 19 (3.7%) being A. butzleri the most frequently isolated species.

Com o objetivo de conhecer a importância dos animais domésticos como reservatórios naturais dos clássicos campylobacters termotolerantes, amostras de fezes foram obtidas de mamíferos e aves do leste do Peru e imediatamente colocadas num meio de enriquecimento. Técnicas convencionais foram utilizadas para identificar C. jejuni ssp. jejuni, C. coli e C. lari. Campylobacter foi isolado em 26,5% dos animais estudados, sendo C. jejuni ssp. jejuni biovar I o mais freqüente (8,9%). O frango foi o reservatório mais importante destes microorganismos (54,0%).

Com o objetivo de conhecer a importância dos frangos como reservatório natural de Campylobacter lari na cidade de Iquitos, Perú, foram estudadas amostras cloacais obtidas de 200 aves. Cada amostra foi semeada em meio de enriquecimento semi-sólido e no ágar de Skirrow modificado. C. lari foi isolado em 21 (10,5%) amostras. Destes, 58,8% corresponderam ao biotipo I e 41,2% ao biotipo II do esquema de Lior. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que os frangos podem ser um importante reservatório de C. lari em Iquitos, Perú.

In order to know the importance of chicken as natural reservoir of Campylobacter lari in Iquitos, Peru; samples were obtained by cloacal swabs from 200 chickens and immediately placed into a semisolid enrichment medium; these were streaked on modified Skirrow Agar. The organism was isolated from 21 (10.5%) samples, corresponding 58.8% to biovar I and 41.2% to biovar II (Lior scheme). The results provide evidence that chicken appear to be prominent reservoirs of Campylobacter lari in Iquitos.

Foi determinada a prevalência de Campylobacter termotolerantes em mamíferos e aves do sul do Chile. Campylobacter foi isolado em 46,3% dos animais estudados sendo C. jejuni biotipo 1 o mais freqüente (25,7%) seguido de C. coli (17,4%) e C. jejuni biotipo 2 (3,2%).

The prevalence of thermotolerant Campylobacters in mammals and birds from Southern Chile was determined. Campylobacters were isolated from 46.3% of the animals studied being C. jejuni biotipe 1 the most frequent (25.7%) followed by C. coli (17.4%) and C. jejuni biotipe 2 (3.2%).

Campylobacter jejuni foi pesquisado nas fezes de 262 crianças, sendo 189 com diarréia aguda, 31 com diarréia crônica e 42 sem sintomatologia gastrintestinal. A bactéria foi encontrada em 14 (7,4%), 2 (6,5%) e 6 (14,3%) das crianças, em cada um dos grupos, respectivamente.

Campylobacter jejuni was looked for in the feaces of 262 children, beeing 189 with acute diarrhoea, 31 with chronic diarrhoea and 42 controls. The organism was isolated from 14 (7.4%), 2 (6.5%) and 6 (14.3%) of the children, and each group, respectively.