Biodiversity conservation is a complex and transdisciplinary problem that requires engagement and cooperation among scientific, societal, economic, and political institutions. However, historical approaches have often failed to bring together and address the needs of all relevant stakeholders in decision‐making processes. The Tropical Andes, a biodiversity hotspot where conservation efforts often conflict with socioeconomic issues and policies that prioritize economic development, provides an ideal model to develop and implement more effective approaches. In this study, we present a co‐design approach that mainstreams and improves the flow of biodiversity information in the Tropical Andes, while creating tailored outputs that meet the needs of economic and societal stakeholders. We employed a consultative process that brought together biodiversity information users and producers at the local, national, and regional levels through a combination of surveys and workshops. This approach identified priority needs and limitations of the flow of biodiversity information in the region, which led to the co‐design of user‐relevant biodiversity indicators. By leveraging the existing capacities of biodiversity information users and producers, we were able to co‐design multiple biodiversity indicators and prioritize two for full implementation ensuring that the data was findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable based on the FAIR principles. This approach helped address limitations that were identified in the stakeholder engagement process, including gaps in data availability and the need for more accessible biodiversity information. Additionally, capacity‐building workshops were incorporated for all producers of biodiversity information involved, which aimed to not only improve the current flow of biodiversity information in the region but also facilitate its future sustainability. Our approach can serve as a valuable blueprint for mainstreaming biodiversity information and making it more inclusive in the future, especially considering the diverse worldviews, values, and knowledge systems between science, policy, and practice.

La conservación de la biodiversidad es un problema complejo y transdisciplinario que requiere el compromiso y la cooperación entre instituciones científicas, sociales, económicas y políticas. Sin embargo, los enfoques tradicionales/convencionales  a menudo no logran  reunir y abordar las necesidades de todos los actores relevantes en los procesos de toma de decisiones. Los Andes tropicales, un área clave  de biodiversidad donde los esfuerzos de conservación a menudo entran en conflicto con cuestiones socioeconómicas y políticas que priorizan el desarrollo económico, proporcionan un modelo ideal para desarrollar e implementar enfoques más efectivos. En este estudio, presentamos un enfoque co-diseño que integra y mejora el flujo de información sobre biodiversidad en los Andes tropicales, creando resultados personalizados que satisfacen las necesidades, tanto económicas como sociales, de las partes interesadas. Empleamos un proceso de consulta que reunió a usuarios y productores de información sobre biodiversidad a nivel local, nacional y regional, a través de encuestas y talleres. Este enfoque ha permitido identificar necesidades prioritarias y limitaciones del flujo de información sobre biodiversidad en la región; lo cual llevó al codiseño de indicadores de biodiversidad relevantes para los usuarios. Aprovechando las capacidades existentes de los usuarios y productores de información sobre biodiversidad, pudimos co-diseñar múltiples indicadores de biodiversidad y priorizar dos de estos para su implementación completa, asegurando que los datos sean localizables, accesibles, interoperables y reutilizables, según los principios FAIR. Este enfoque ayudó a abordar las limitaciones que se identificaron en el proceso de participación de las partes interesadas; incluidas las brechas en la disponibilidad de datos y la necesidad de información sobre biodiversidad más accesible. Además, se incorporaron talleres de desarrollo de capacidades para todos los productores de información sobre biodiversidad involucrados, los cuales apuntaron no sólo a mejorar el flujo actual de información sobre biodiversidad en la región, sino también facilitar su sostenibilidad futura. Nuestro enfoque puede servir como un modelo valioso para incorporar la información sobre biodiversidad y hacerla más inclusiva en el futuro; especialmente si consideramos las diversas perspectivas globales, valores y sistemas de conocimiento implicados en las interacciones entre  la ciencia, la política y su aplicación práctica.

A conservação da biodiversidade é um problema complexo e transdisciplinar que requer compromisso e cooperação entre instituições científicas, sociais, económicas e políticas. No entanto, as abordagens tradicionais/convencionais muitas vezes não conseguem reunir e responder às necessidades de todos os intervenientes relevantes nos processos de tomada de decisão. Os Andes tropicais, uma área chave para a biodiversidade onde os esforços de conservação entram frequentemente em conflito com questões socioeconómicas e políticas que dão prioridade ao desenvolvimento económico, fornecem um modelo ideal para desenvolver e implementar abordagens mais eficazes. Neste estudo, apresentamos uma abordagem de co-design que integra e melhora o fluxo de informações sobre biodiversidade nos Andes tropicais, criando resultados personalizados que atendem às necessidades, tanto econômicas quanto sociais, das partes interessadas. Empregamos um processo de consulta que reuniu usuários e produtores de informações sobre biodiversidade nos níveis local, nacional e regional, por meio de pesquisas e workshops. Esta abordagem permitiu identificar necessidades prioritárias e limitações do fluxo de informação sobre a biodiversidade na região; o que levou à concepção conjunta de indicadores de biodiversidade relevantes para os utilizadores. Aproveitando as capacidades existentes dos utilizadores e produtores de informação sobre biodiversidade, fomos capazes de conceber em conjunto vários indicadores de biodiversidade e priorizar dois deles para implementação total, garantindo que os dados sejam localizáveis, acessíveis, interoperáveis ​​e reutilizáveis, de acordo com os princípios FAIR. Esta abordagem ajudou a resolver as limitações identificadas no processo de envolvimento das partes interessadas; incluindo lacunas na disponibilidade de dados e a necessidade de informações mais acessíveis sobre biodiversidade. Além disso, foram incorporados workshops de capacitação para todos os produtores de informação sobre biodiversidade envolvidos, que visaram não só melhorar o fluxo actual de informação sobre biodiversidade na região, mas também facilitar a sua sustentabilidade futura. A nossa abordagem pode servir como um modelo valioso para incorporar informações sobre biodiversidade e torná-las mais inclusivas no futuro; especialmente se considerarmos as diversas perspectivas globais, valores e sistemas de conhecimento envolvidos nas interações entre ciência, política e sua aplicação prática.

Abstract It is described for the first time the synthesis and characterization of NiMn2O4 employing the Mn ores from the Amazon Region as starting material, instead of using commercial reagents as normally occurs in its synthesis process. Initially, an Mn ore was transformed into a single product, the octahedral layer (OL) manganese oxide with Ni2+ ions interlayer (Ni-OL-2), which was used as a matrix to obtain NiMn2O4 by thermal decomposition. The following techniques were used for characterization: X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy (XRF), infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermal analysis (TG-DTA), scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopies. The results revealed that Mn oxide ore composed of nsutite mineral transformed into a well-ordered crystalline Ni-OL-2 phase, after the hydrothermal and cation exchange process. The thermal decomposition of Ni-OL-2 produced the nickel manganite phase at 850 °C with spherical ball morphology and crystal sizes in the range of 200-300 nm.

ABSTRACT The auditory brainstem response (ABR) by evoked potentials is a widespread auditory pathway assessment technique. This is largely applied due to its cost-effectiveness, practicality and ease of use. In contrast, it requires a trained professional to carry out the analysis of the results. This motivates several research efforts to increase the independence of the diagnostician. To this end, the present work shows the ability of three signal classification tools to differentiate ABR studies of normal hearing subjects from those who may have some pathology. As a starting point, the PhysioNet short term auditory evoked potentials databases are used to calculate the features later applied to construct the dataset. The features used are diverse classes of permutation entropy, fractal dimension, the Lyapunov exponent and the zero crossing rate. To ensure more accurate results, a Montecarlo simulation of one thousand trials is employed to train the classifiers and test the results. The goodness of the classification is performed upon the basis of the computation of quality parameters, such as the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC), the F1 score coefficient and the accuracy. In all the cases the methodology proposed gives high performance results that encourage the line of research of the present work.

ABSTRACT The increased use of pharmacological products has caused an impact on the health of aquatic environments. The conventional technologies of the treatment plants for these wastewaters have shown low efficiency for the removal of contaminants. To help solve this problem, the present investigation evaluated the degradation of drugs bezafibrate, gemfibrozil, sulfamethoxazole, diclofenac, and indomethacin by heterogeneous photocatalysis using ZnO nanoparticles with cobalt doping of 0, 1, 3 and 5 % by weight of cobalt, with different concentrations of these particles (1, 2, 5, 6 and 10 g/L) and three different temperatures (25, 40 and 55 ºC) during drug degradation, under UV radiation λ = 375 nm for four hours of exposure. Cobalt doping decreased the velocity of drugs removal. In addition, the highest removal efficiency for all the evaluated compounds (98.8 - 100 %) was obtained with a concentration of 5 g/L of ZnO nanoparticles at a temperature of 25 ºC. These findings are promising due to the advantages offered by ZnO in the removal of pharmaceutical products in wastewater or in hospitals where formulations are made for hospitalized patients; however, more studies are required under conditions like real ones to determine the feasibility of its application in these scenarios.

RESUMEN El incremento del uso de compuestos farmacéuticos es uno de los factores que ha ocasionado un impacto sobre la salud de los ambientes acuáticos. Las tecnologías convencionales de las plantas de tratamiento de aguas residuales han mostrado tener una baja eficiencia para la remoción de estos contaminantes. Para contribuir a resolver este problema, en la presente investigación se evaluó la degradación de los fármacos bezafibrato, gemfibrozil, sulfametoxazol, diclofenaco e indometacina mediante fotocatálisis heterogénea utilizando nanopartículas de óxido de zinc (ZnO) con dopaje de cobalto de 0, 1, 3 y 5 % en peso de cobalto, con diferentes concentraciones (1, 2, 5, 6 y 10 g/L) y tres temperaturas diferentes (25, 40 y 55 ºC) durante la degradación de los fármacos, bajo una radiación UV λ = 375 nm durante cuatro horas de exposición. Se encontró que el dopaje con cobalto disminuyó la velocidad de remoción de los fármacos. Además, la mayor eficiencia de remoción para todos los compuestos evaluados (98.8-100 %), se obtuvo con una concentración de 5 g/L de nanopartículas de ZnO a una temperatura de 25 ºC. Estos hallazgos resultan promisorios debido a las ventajas del ZnO en la remoción de productos farmacéuticos en aguas residuales o en hospitales en donde se realizan las formulaciones para pacientes hospitalizados. No obstante, se requiere continuar con estudios sobre condiciones similares a las reales para determinar la viabilidad de su aplicación.

ABSTRACT Objective: Perfectionist beliefs about emotions impact the experience and expression of emotions, being linked to increased levels of depression and anxiety. Given the influence of culture in the representation and expression of emotion, it is possible that beliefs vary across countries, but few empirical studies have been conducted on the theme. This study aims to compare Brazilian and British samples regarding their beliefs about emotional experience and expression. Methods: The current study compared a total of 960 Brazilian and British participants, with the samples having a similar profile in terms of age, gender and ethnicity. Participants answered online the Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD-7), Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), and Beliefs about Emotions Scale (BES). This study aims to compare Brazilian and British samples with regard to beliefs about emotional experience and expression. Results: Significant differences between samples were found for beliefs about emotions. As hypothesized, Brazilians scored lower on unhelpful beliefs about emotions, except for beliefs about experiencing negative feelings and emotional control. Differences in total BES scores remained even after the inclusion of depression and anxiety as covariates. Conclusions: Results suggest higher endorsement of perfectionist beliefs in a European versus a Latin American context, but highlight that this pattern depends on the specific beliefs being studied. These differences should be considered when working with people from different cultural backgrounds and developing cultural adaptations for clinical interventions and psychopathology models.

RESUMO Objetivo: Crenças perfeccionistas sobre emoções afetam a experiência e expressão de emoções, estando relacionadas a níveis aumentados de depressão e ansiedade. Dada a influência da cultura na representação e expressão de emoções, é possível que as crenças variem entre os países, mas poucos estudos empíricos foram realizados sobre o tema. Este estudo tem o objetivo de comparar amostras brasileiras e britânicas em relação às suas crenças sobre a experiência emocional e expressão. Métodos: O presente estudo comparou um total de 960 participantes brasileiros e britânicos, com as amostras tendo um perfil semelhante em termos de idade, gênero e etnia. Os participantes responderam on-line à Escala de Ansiedade Generalizada (GAD-7), ao Questionário de Saúde do Paciente (PHQ-9) e à Escala de Crenças sobre Emoções (BES). Resultados: Foram encontradas diferenças significativas entre as amostras em relação às crenças sobre emoções. Como hipotetizado, os brasileiros obtiveram pontuações mais baixas em crenças prejudiciais sobre emoções, exceto nas crenças sobre experienciar sentimentos negativos e controle emocional. As diferenças nos escores totais da BES permaneceram mesmo após a inclusão de depressão e ansiedade como covariáveis. Conclusões: Os resultados sugerem maior endosso de crenças perfeccionistas em um contexto europeu, em comparação com um contexto latino-americano, mas destacam que esse padrão depende das crenças específicas estudadas. Essas diferenças devem ser consideradas ao trabalhar com pessoas de diferentes origens culturais e no desenvolvimento de adaptações culturais para intervenções clínicas e modelos de psicopatologia.

Resumen Las enterobacterias productoras de carbapenemasas (EPC) constituyen una de las principales preocupaciones de la salud mundial, especialmente las carbapenemasas de tipo plasmídicas. El objetivo fue describir la evolución de las colonizaciones por EPC en hisopados anales de pacientes internados en unidades de cuidados intensivos polivalente (UTI) y COVID-19 (COVID-UTI) en un hospital de adultos de la provincia del Chaco, Argentina. Se realizó un estudio descriptivo retrospectivo entre enero y agosto del 2021. Se estudiaron 379 hisopados anales, el 26% (n=98) fueron positivos para EPC, donde K. pneumoniae fue la especie más frecuente. En COVID-UTI, en enero se obtuvo un 18% de portaciones positivas siendo todas del tipo KPC, escalando a un 81% en agosto, donde todas fueron identificadas como MBL. En UTI, se registró un incremento de la positividad de un 14% en enero hasta un 49% en agosto, siendo variable la detección de cepas KPC como MBL. Del total de pacientes colonizados, el 15% desarrolló una infección por EPC. La vigilancia activa junto a medidas de control son necesarias para limitar la diseminación de EPC.

Abstract Thecarbapenemase-producingenterobacteriaceae (CPE) are one of the main concerns of global health, mainly those that are encoded by plasmids. Theaimwasto describe theprogressofcolonizationby CPE in anal swabsofpatientsofintensivecareunit (ICU) and COVID-ICU in anadult hospital from Chaco province, Argentina. A descriptive retrospective study wascarriedoutbetween 2021 January to August. 379 anal swabswerestudied, in 26% (n=98) CPE weredetected. K. pneumoniae was the more frequent isolate. In January, in COVID-ICU, 18% of anal swabswhere positive, beingallidentified as KPC carbapenemase. In August, in COVID-ICU, the total ofpositive anal swabraisedto 81% and alldetectedcarbapenemasewere MBL type. In ICU, thepercentageof positive anal swabsincreasedfrom 14% in Januaryto 49% in August, whereboth KPC and MBL carbapenemasesweredetected. Of The total of colonized patients, 15% developed CPE infection. Active surveillance and control measures are necessary to keep down the spread of CPE.

RESUMO O trabalho teve como objetivo analisar as possíveis vias de introdução de Fusarium spp. na Madeira entre 1990 e 2018, para elucidar os fatores que favoreceram a sua introdução e fixação na ilha. Realizaram-se análises fitossanitárias em culturas e plantas importadas para a Madeira. Os isolados de Fusarium spp. foram obtidos de órgãos subterrâneos e aéreos das plantas e cultivados em meios diferenciais para identificação das espécies. A colônia de fungos e a morfologia dos esporos foram observadas ao microscópio e identificados com o auxílio de bibliografia e chaves dicotómicas. A análise fitossanitária revelou que a incidência de Fusarium spp. em plantas ou culturas apresentou uma tendência crescente no número de fungos, principalmente entre 1990 e 2001. A contaminação fúngica mais elevada ocorreu nos municípios localizados no litoral sul da ilha. A maioria das amostras contaminadas proveio de Portugal (96,9%) e 0,1% a 1,6% provieram do exterior, sobretudo da Holanda e França. De 3.246 amostras infectadas com Fusarium spp., 1212 eram hortícolas (37,3%), ornamentais (36,9%), tropicais e subtropicais (16,9%) e temperadas (9,9%). Fusarium Wilt (doença do Panamá) causada por F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense ocorreu em vários produtos importados para a Madeira. Outros como Fusarium oxysporum spp. foram detectados em várias plantas e produtos agrícolas, juntamente com Fusarium sp. e Fusarium equiseti. As condições geoclimáticas da Madeira podem ser adequadas para o desenvolvimento e dispersão destes fungos. O comércio de cultivares e plantas de Portugal e do estrangeiro tem sido uma importante via de introdução do Fusarium na Madeira.

ABSTRACT The present study aimed to analyze the possible routes of Fusarium spp. introduction in Madeira between 1990 and 2018 and to elucidate the factors that favored the introduction and settling of this fungus in the Island. Phytosanitary surveys were carried out in several crops and plants imported to Madeira. The isolates of Fusarium spp. were obtained from underground and aerial organs of the plants and cultured on differential media for species identification. Fungal colony and spore morphology were observed under a microscope and identified based on bibliography and dichotomous keys. The phytosanitary analysis for the incidence of Fusarium spp. in plants or crops indicated an increasing trend in the number of fungi, especially between 1990 and 2001. The greatest fungal contamination occurred in the municipalities located in the southern coast of the Island. Most of the contaminated samples were from Portugal (96.9%), while 0.1% to 1.6% samples derived from foreign countries, especially the Netherlands and France. Of 3,246 samples infected with Fusarium spp., 1,212 were from horticultural (37.3%), ornamental (36.9%), tropical and subtropical (16.9%), and temperate plants (9.9%). Fusarium wilt (Panama Disease) caused by F. oxysporum f. sp. cubense occurred in several products imported to Madeira. Other species like Fusarium oxysporum were also detected in several plants and agricultural products, along with Fusarium sp. and Fusarium equiseti. The geoclimatic conditions of Madeira can be suitable for the development and dispersion of these fungi. The trade of cultivars and plants from Portugal and from foreign countries has been an important route of Fusarium introduction in Madeira.

Abstract The objectives of the present work were to evaluate the effects of the application of gypsum and zeolites accompanying the nitrogen fertilization over the grain yield of corn as well as to estimate the costs in relation to the benefit of the treatments. During the 2017/18, campaign 18 plots were established in a typical Argiudol soil of San Antonio de Areco, Buenos Aires. As base fertilization, there was applied 100 kg ha-1 of mono ammonium phosphate (MAP) as fertilizer to all the plots at sowing. Treatments were: (1) 200 kg ha-1 of urea (U); (2) 200 kg ha-1 of urea with 90 kg ha-1 of gypsum (U+Y); 150 kg ha-1 of urea with 50 kg ha-1 of granulated zeolite (U+Z); 150 kg ha-1 of urea, 90 kg ha-1 of gypsum and 50 kg ha-1 of granulated zeolite (U+Y+Z) and a control treatment with none nitrogen fertilization. (T). At the U+Z and U+Z+Y treatment, 25% of the urea rate was replaced with zeolites. Fertilization with U and U+Y rose grain yield by 18 and 16%, respectively, over the control treatment, l, whereas urea was applied together with gypsum and zeolites (i.e. U+Y+Z) yield increase reached about 25% (p <0,05). There was not detected difference in terms of grain yield between U + Z treatment and control or the treatment fertilized with urea alone. Based on the experimental results, replacement of 25% of urea with zeolite, alone or in combination with gypsum represents an interesting alternative to reduce costs without affecting corn yields. Nevertheless, more experiments are need, in order to prove it in different situation.

Resumen Los objetivos del presente trabajo fueron evaluar los efectos de la aplicación de yeso y zeolitas acompañando la fertilización nitrogenada sobre el rendimiento del cultivo de maíz y estimar los costos en relación con el beneficio (rendimiento) de los tratamientos ensayados. Durante la campaña 2017/18 en un Argiudol típico de la localidad de San Antonio de Areco se establecieron 18 parcelas, a las que se les aplicó como fertilización base 100 kg de fosfato mono amónico (FMA) a la siembra. Los tratamientos ensayados fueron (1) maíz fertilizado con 200 kg ha-1 de urea (U), (2) 200 kg ha-1 de urea y 90 kg ha-1 de yeso (U+Y), (3) 150 kg ha-1 de urea y (4) 50 kg ha-1 de zeolita granulada (U+Z); y 150 kg ha-1 de urea, 90 kg ha-1 de yeso y 50 kg ha-1 de zeolita granulada (U+Y+Z) y (5) situación testigo sin fertilización nitrogenada (T). En los tratamientos (U + Z) y (U + Y + Z) se reemplazó un 25% de urea con zeolitas. La fertilización con urea (U) y urea + yeso (U+Y) produjeron incrementos del 18% y 16%, respectivamente respecto al testigo, mientras que cuando se aplicó la urea junto con el yeso y la zeolita (U+Y+Z) el incremento en rendimiento estuvo en el orden del 25% (p<0,05). El tratamiento (U+Z) no difirió estadísticamente del testigo, pero tampoco del tratamiento fertilizado con urea solamente. De acuerdo a los datos obtenidos en este ensayo en particular, los tratamientos de reemplazo de 25% de urea por zeolita, sola o con adición de yeso, representarían una alternativa interesante para disminuir los costos sin afectar los rendimientos del cultivo de maíz.

RESUMO Objetivos: O capital estrutural é um componente do capital intelectual. A sua medição é essencial para obter o valor real do capital intelectual e a sua influência nos lucros. Este artigo mede o impacto do capital estrutural na cadeia de valor madeireira da Galícia (Espanha). Desígnio/metodologia/abordagem: Dividimos a cadeia madeireira em três grandes setores: extração, conversão e produtos finais. Usando um modelo de painel de dados, medimos o valor acrescentado criado pelo capital estrutural para 2002-2018. Resultados: O capital estrutural gera valor acrescentado nos setores de extração e produtos finais. O sector e o território limitam a criação de valor e eficiência do capital estrutural. Limitações/implicações de pesquisa - Usamos uma base de dados extensiva 2002-2018 de uma região relativamente pequena (Galícia). Os resultados poderiam diferir se a área de estudo fosse expandida e/ou outras regiões estudadas. Implicações práticas: Para empresários e consultores, este estudo sugere a importância das práticas de criar objetivos e cooperação entre empresas para aumentar a eficiência. Os empreendedores devem concentrar-se mais no capital intelectual para melhorar o desempenho. Implicações sociais: Governos locais e entidades sociais devem reconhecer a importância do capital intelectual ao implementar regulações e ações específicas visando melhorias nos lucros das PMEs. Originalidade/valor: Este artigo mede o impacto do capital estrutural na cadeia de valor madeireira. O capital estrutural é considerado como uma variável independente, diferente dos modelos de medição anteriores, onde era apenas um valor residual da diferença entre capital humano e capital intelectual.

ABSTRACT Purpose: Structural capital is a component of intellectual capital. Its measurement is essential to obtain the real value of intellectual capital and its influence on profitability. This article aims at understanding the impact of structural capital on timber and related industries value chain of Galicia (Spain). Design/methodology/approach: The wood sector chain was divided into three major sectors: extraction, conversion and finished products. Using a panel data model, we measured the value addition created by structural capital for the period of 2002-2018. Findings: Structural capital brings value addition to extraction and finished products sectors of the value chain. The sector and the territory limit value generation and efficiency of structural capital. Research limitations/implications: We took an extensive data set ranging from 2002 to 2018 of a relatively small region (Galicia). The findings could change if the area is expanded and/or other regions covered. Practical implications: For business managers and consultants, this study suggests the need for benchmarking and cooperation practices between companies to increase efficiency. Entrepreneurs must concentrate more on intellectual capital in order to better performance. Social implications: Local governments and social entities should acknowledge the importance of intellectual capital while implementing regulations and specific actions to improve SMEs profitability. Originality/value: This paper measures the impact of structural capital on the timber value chain. SC is taken as an independent variable, unlike previous measurement models, where it was a remainder value after deducting HC from IC.

Assimilate partitioning into reproductive structures is a relevant physiological feature in increasing peanut yield, and its analysis through the source-sink relationship is an important contribution to genetic improvement and crop management. The objective was to analyze the source-sink relationship of runner-type cultivars grown in Argentina. Two field experiments were performed, Exp1 consisted in the analysis of the cultivar Granoleico in three sowing dates during 2009-2010 and 2010-2011. In Exp2, six runner-type cultivars (Florunner, Florman, Manigran, Asem-485, Pepe-Asem and Granoleico) were sown during 2011-2012. The source-sink relationship was analyzed using two methodologies: total biomass assigned to each pod during pod filling period (g pod-1) in relation to its final weight, and analysis of the trade-off between pod number and pod weight at harvest. The lack of trade-off between pod number and weight showed that the peanut plant has conditions to fill a wide number of pods (20-57 pods plant-1) in the same way. Also, the average pod weight (1.05 g) was lower than the total plant biomass assigned to that pod during its formation (2.63 g). A marked limitation by sinks was determined, indicating the possibility of to increase the peanut yield by means of improvements in sinks size.

La partición de asimilados a frutos es una característica fisiológica de relevancia para el aumento del rendimiento de maní, y su análisis mediante la relación fuente-destino aporta al mejoramiento genético y manejo del cultivo. El objetivo fue analizar la relación fuente-destino en cultivares runner sembrados en Argentina. Se realizaron dos experimentos a campo: en el Exp1 el cultivar Granoleico fue sembrado en tres fechas durante 2009-2010 y 2010-2011. En el Exp2 fueron sembrados seis cultivares runner (Florunner, Florman, Manigran, Asem-485, Pepe-Asem y Granoleico) durante 2011-2012. La relación fuente-destino se analizó con dos metodologías: la biomasa total asignada a cada fruto durante su llenado con relación a su peso final, y el análisis de la relación entre peso y número de frutos a cosecha. La falta de compensación entre número y peso de frutos demostró que el maní podría llenar un amplio número de frutos (entre 20 y 57 frutos planta-1). Además, el peso medio de un fruto (1,05 g) fue menor al crecimiento total de la planta asignado a él durante su período de formación (2,63 g). Se determinó una limitación por destinos, indicando la posibilidad de aumentar el rendimiento a través del incremento del tamaño de los destinos.

OBJECTIVES: This is a randomized controlled trial that aims to evaluate the impact of pharmacist-led discharge counseling on reducing pharmacotherapy problems in the 30-day postdischarge period of cardiology patients from a tertiary hospital in Brazil. METHODS: At discharge, two cardiovascular pharmacy residents performed a medication counseling session with the intervention group, and the follow-up was performed by telephone (3 and 15 days after discharge). The number of pharmacotherapy problems was evaluated during a pharmacist-led ambulatory consultation 30 days after discharge. RESULTS: A total of 66 and 67 patients were randomized to the intervention and control groups, respectively, but only 51 patients were analyzed in each group, all with similar baseline characteristics. The intervention group had significantly fewer pharmacotherapy problems compared to the control (p<0.001), and 100% of the patients had at least one problem. We observed five problems significantly more frequently in the control group: “incorrect time of taking” (p=0.003), “use higher dose of medication” (p=0.007), “use lower dose of medication” (p=0.014), “restart discontinued medication” (p=0.011), and “underdosing prescription” (p=0.009). Simvastatin, enalapril, carvedilol, and atorvastatin were the medications more associated with pharmacotherapy problems. CONCLUSIONS: We concluded that pharmacist-led discharge counseling should be an indispensable service, as patients exhibited less pharmacotherapy problems in the 30-day postdischarge period, especially related to drug administration and adherence.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of pharmacist-provided discharge counseling on mortality rate, hospital readmissions, emergency department visits, and medication adherence at 30 days post discharge. METHODS: This randomized controlled trial was approved by the local ethics committee and included patients aged 18 years or older admitted to the cardiology ward of a Brazilian tertiary hospital. The intervention group received a pharmacist-led medication counseling session at discharge and a telephone follow-up three and 15 days after discharge. The outcomes included the number of deaths, hospital readmissions, emergency department visits, and medication adherence. All outcomes were evaluated during a pharmacist-led ambulatory consultation performed 30 days after discharge. RESULTS: Of 133 patients, 104 were included in the analysis (51 and 53 in the intervention and control groups, respectively). The intervention group had a lower overall readmission rate, number of emergency department visits, and mortality rate, but the differences were not statistically significant (p>0.05). However, the intervention group had a significantly lower readmission rate related to heart disease (0% vs. 11.3%, p=0.027), despite the small sample size. Furthermore, medication counseling contributed significantly to improved medication adherence according to three different tools (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Pharmacist-provided discharge medication counseling resulted in better medication adherence scores and a lower incidence of cardiovascular-associated hospital readmissions, thus representing a useful service for cardiology patients.