RESUMO: Objetivou-se determinar os valores de energia metabolizável aparente (EMA), corrigida para o balanço de nitrogênio (EMAn), e os coeficientes de metabolizabilidade da matéria seca, proteína e extrato etéreo do milho, milheto e sorgo em diferentes granulometrias para frangos de crescimento lento. Foram desenvolvidos dois experimentos, com 140 pintos de corte da linhagem Label Rouge® Pescoço Pelado, distribuídos em delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado. Os tratamentos consistiram em rações-teste (ração referência 60% + ingrediente 40%) e uma ração referência. Foram testados os ingredientes e a granulometria expressa como Diâmetro Geométrico médio (DGM, μm) e Desvio Padrão Geométrico (DPG): 816 e 1,73 para milho grosseiramente moído, 794 e 1,75 para milho finamente moído, 1,517 e 1,92 para milheto-grão e 760 e 1,73 para milheto finamente moído (Experimento 1); 1.866 e 1.86 para sorgo-grão, 919 e 1,62 para sorgo grosseiramente moído e 878 e 1,72 para sorgo finamente moído (Experimento 2). Os valores de AME e AMEn e os coeficientes de metabolização da matéria seca, proteína e extrato etéreo foram determinados pelo método de coleta total de excretas. O coeficiente de metabolização da energia não apresentou diferença (P > 0,05) entre os grãos nas diferentes granulometrias. Os coeficientes de metabolização da matéria seca, do nitrogênio e do extrato etéreo foram incrementados com o aumento da granulometria para o milho. O fornecimento de grãos com maiores granulometrias proporciona aos frangos de crescimento lento a melhora na metabolizabilidade dos nutrientes e energia. Grãos inteiros de sorgo tem aproveitamento nutricional limitado para frangos de crescimento lento até 21 dias de idade.

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to determine the apparent metabolizable energy (AME) and nitrogen-corrected AME (AMEn) values as well as the metabolizability coefficients of dry matter, protein, and ether extract of corn, pearl millet, and sorghum in different particle sizes for slow-growing broilers. Two experiments were carried out involving 280 chicks of the Label Rouge® Naked Neck broiler line, with 140 chicks allotted to each experiment in a completely randomized design. Treatments consisted of a reference diet and a test diet (60% reference diet + 40% feedstuff). The feedstuffs were tested and particle size (expressed as geometric mean diameter [GMD, μm] and geometric standard deviation [GSD], respectively) results were 816 and 1.73 for coarsely ground corn, 794 and 1.75 for finely ground corn, 1.517 and 1.92 for pearl millet grain, 760 and 1.63 for finely ground pearl millet (Experiment 1); and 1,866 and 1.86 for whole grain sorghum, 919 and 1.62 for coarsely ground sorghum, and 878 and 1.72 for finely ground sorghum (Experiment 2). A metabolism trial was conducted by using the total excreta collection method to obtain the AME and AMEn values as well as the metabolizability coefficients of dry matter, protein, and ether extract. The energy metabolization coefficient did not differ (P > 0.05) between the grains in the different tested particle sizes. However, there was an improvement in the metabolizability coefficients of dry matter, nitrogen, and ether extract as the particle size of corn was increased. In conclusion, larger grain particle sizes improve the metabolizability of nutrients and energy for slow-growing broilers. Whole-grain sorghum has limited nutritional utilization for slow-growing birds up to 21 days of age.

ABSTRACT We aimed to evaluate the performance, nutrient digestibility, and intestinal histomorphometry of broilers fed diet supplemented with chondroitin sulfate and glucosamine sulfate. The experiment was carried out with 320 male broiler chicks distributed in a completely randomized design in a 2×2 factorial scheme (0 and 0.1% chondroitin sulfate and 0 and 0.3% glucosamine sulfate), with eight replications of 10 birds. Performance was evaluated at 7 and 21 days of age, nutrient digestibility of the diet was performed from 18 to 21 days of age, and small intestine histomorphometry was evaluated at 21 days of age. Broilers fed diet supplemented with 0.3% glucosamine sulfate showed high final weight and weight gain. A significant interaction was observed between sulfates for digestibility coefficients of nitrogen, mineral matter, and calcium. The use of 0.1% chondroitin sulfate without glucosamine sulfate resulted in a reduced digestibility of nitrogen but increased digestibility of total minerals and calcium. Diets without chondroitin sulfate with 0.3% glucosamine sulfate increased the digestibility coefficients of mineral matter and calcium. A significant interaction was found for jejunum villus height, which was higher in broilers fed diet supplemented with 0.3% glucosamine sulfate, regardless of the inclusion of chondroitin sulfate. Thus, supplementation with glucosamine sulfate in broiler diets contributes to high weight gain and villus height. Sulfates used in isolation promote high digestibility of minerals.

Foram acompanhados filhotes de Podocnemis expansa (tartaruga-da-amazônia) em oito criadouros localizados no município de Diorama, Goiás, objetivando avaliar os parâmetros de rendimento e composição química da carcaça. O experimento foi conduzido com animais, com idades entre 23 a 29 meses, os quais tiveram seu desempenho avaliado por meio de medidas biométricas do comprimento retilíneo da carapaça, em milímetros, e do peso em gramas. Foram avaliados também o rendimento e a composição química da carcaça. As análises de comparação de médias foram realizadas pelo teste de Duncan, acrescido da análise do coeficiente de correlação entre o peso corporal e o rendimento de carcaça. Os resultados apresentados apontaram que os animais com comprimento médio retilíneo da carapaça de 166,45 mm e peso médio de 621,35 g obtiveram os seguintes valores médios de rendimento: carcaça sem vísceras, 29,87%; carcaça com vísceras, 46,71%; carcaça com carapaça, 49,58%; gordura, 5,00%; vísceras, 16,76%; e fígado, 2,90%. A composição média protéica da carne correspondeu a 17,38% na matéria úmida, apresentando valor baixo de extrato etéreo (1,09%). Observou-se que o peso corporal está fortemente correlacionado com o rendimento de carcaça (r = 0,97).

Eight Podocnemis expansa commercial flocks, all of them located at the county of Diorama State of Goiás, were monitored with the purpose of evaluating, the carcass yield parameters and chemical composition. The experiment was conducted upon animals with ages ranging from 23 to 29 months, whose performances were evaluated by taking their biometrical measures - the carapace rectilinear length in millimeters and the gain of weight in grams. It was also evaluated the carcass output and chemical composition. The comparison analysis were made using the Duncan's range test in addition to the analysis of the correlation between body weight and carcass output. The results have pointed out that the animals of 166.45 mm of mean rectilinear carapace length and 621.3 g of mean body weight obtained the following output mean values: carcass without viscera, 29.87%; carcass plus viscera, 46.71%; carcass plus carapace, 49.58%; fat, 5.00%; viscera, 16.76% and, liver, 2.90%. The meat mean protein corresponded to 17.38% in matter, and showed a low value for the ether extract (1.09%). A strong correlation between the body weight and the carcass output was observed (r = 0.97).