RESUMO Objetivou-se, com o trabalho, avaliar a produtividade e a extração de macronutrientes pelo capim-solteiro e consorciado com feijão-guandu, submetidos a quatro doses de nitrogênio aplicadas em cobertura (0, 80, 160 e 240kg ha-1). O experimento foi conduzido em São Luís de Montes Belos, GO, em solo classificado como Latossolo Vermelho Distrófico, sob condições de Cerrado. Foram avaliados a altura de plantas e a massa seca do guandu, a altura de plantas, os números de perfilhos, a massa seca e a extração de macronutrientes pelo capim-paiaguás. Foi observada maior produção de massa na pastagem consorciada com a leguminosa, demandando menor quantidade de N. Com base nos resultados expostos, o cultivo de capim-paiaguás atinge maiores produtividades quando consorciado com uma leguminosa, como o feijão-guandu, além de proporcionar maior eficiência no uso de nutrientes, como N, P e K. A adubação nitrogenada tem influência negativa sobre a produção de massa seca e a altura das plantas de feijão-guandu.

ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to evaluate the productivity and extraction of macronutrients by Urochloa brizantha cv. BRS Paiaguás (Syn. Brachiaria brizantha cv. BRS Paiaguás) single and intercropped with pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan cv. BRS Mandarim), subjected to four doses of nitrogen applied in topdressing (0, 80, 160 and 240 kg ha-1). The experiment was carried out in São Luís de Montes Belos, GO, in soil classified as dystrophic red latosol, under Cerrado conditions. Plant height and dry mass of pigeon pea, plant height, number of tillers, dry mass, and macronutrient extraction by Paiaguás palisadegrass were evaluated. Higher mass production was observed in the pasture intercropped with the legume, requiring a lower amount of N. Based on the results exposed, the cultivation of Paiaguás palisadegrass reaches higher productivity when intercropped with a legume such as pigeon pea, in addition to providing greater efficiency in the use of nutrients such as N, P and K. Nitrogen fertilization has a negative influence on the production of dry mass and height of pigeon pea plants.

Phytochemical studies of the species Pavonia glazioviana were performed. Quercetin, kaempferol, acacetin, and trimethoxylated flavonoid compounds (which present biological activity) were isolated. We aimed to evaluate the in silico, in vitro, and ex vivo toxicity of flavonoid 5,7-dihydroxy-3,8,4'-trimethoxy (Pg-1) obtained from P. glazioviana through chemical structure analyses, toxicity assessment, and predictive bioactive properties, using human samples in in vitro tests. In silico analysis suggested that Pg-1 presents a good absorption index for penetrating biological membranes (for oral bioavailability), while also suggesting potential antimutagenic, anticarcinogenic, antioxidant, antineoplastic, anti-inflammatory, anti-hemorrhagic, and apoptosis agonist bioactivities. Assessment of hemolytic and genotoxic effects revealed low hemolysis rates in red blood cells with no cellular toxicity in oral mucosa cells. The reduced cytotoxic activity suggested the safety of the concentrations used (500-1000 µg/mL), and demonstrated the varied interactions of Pg-1 with the analyzed cells. The data obtained in the present study suggested potential therapeutic application, and the non-toxic profile indicated viability for future studies.

Several isatin derivatives have shown important biological activities, which have attracted interest from researchers. For this reason, the present study aimed to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of the isatin derivative (Z)-2-(5-chloro-2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)-N-phenyl-hydrazinecarbothioamide (COPHCT) in mice. Three doses of this compound were tested: 1.0, 2.5, and 5.0 mg/kg. The anti-inflammatory activity was assessed using the carrageenan-induced paw edema model and the zymosan-induced air pouch model. The evaluation of the antinociceptive effect was performed through the formalin test and the acetic acid-induced abdominal writhing test. The paw edema assay demonstrated that all doses of the compound showed a significant reduction of the edema in the second hour evaluated, but a better response was observed in the fourth hour. The zymosan-induced air pouch model indicated that the compound, in all doses, significantly reduced leukocyte migration and total protein concentration levels. In the formalin test, the doses 1.0, 2.5, and 5.0 mg/kg of COPHCT showed activity only in the second phase, with reduction in paw pain time of 73.61, 79.46, and 73.85%, respectively. The number of abdominal writhings decreased with the increasing dose, but only 5.0 mg/kg COPHCT exhibited a significant response, with a reduction of 24.88%. These results demonstrated the ability of this compound to interfere in the anti-inflammatory activity of edema, vascular permeability, and cell migration. In addition, its possible antinociceptive effect may be related to the dose used.

RESUMO: Foram delineados dois experimentos para avaliar o impacto de duas vacinas no desempenho reprodutivo de vacas multíparas de bovinos de corte em Mato Grosso do Sul, Centro-Oeste do Brasil. No Experimento 1 foram utilizadas 765 vacas multíparas paridas da raça Nelore submetidas ao mesmo protocolo de inseminação artificial em tempo fixo (IATF) e repassadas por touros. O diagnóstico de gestação por ultrassonografia foi realizado aos 30 e 90 dias pós IATF. A prenhez e a taxa de perda de gestação foram determinadas para três períodos: de 30 a 90 DPI, de 30 DPI até para o parto e de 90 DPI até o parto. As vacas foram distribuídas em três grupos: grupo VACMULT (n=250), vacinado com vacina contra herpesvírus bovino tipo 1 (BoHV-1), vírus da diarreia viral bovina (BVDV) e leptospirose; grupo VACL (n=245), vacinado somente contra leptospirose; e grupo NOVAC (n=270), não vacinado. Títulos de anticorpos no soro de 57 vacas de cada grupo evidenciaram infecção por BoHV-1, BVDV e leptospirose, sugerindo circulação desses patógenos no rebanho. No diagnóstico por ultrassonografia, a prenhez não diferiu em nenhum dos três grupos. A taxa de perda de gestação não diferiu significantemente entre os grupos e dentro de qualquer um dos períodos investigados (30 a 90 DPI, 30 DPI até o parto ou 90 DPI até o parto). No Experimento 2 foram testados dois protocolos de vacinação usando as vacinas contra IBR/BVDV/leptospirose e somente contra leptospirose em ambos. No grupo VACGEST as vacas foram vacinas no dia zero (D0) do protocolo da IATF e 30 dias pós- IATF (30 DPI). No grupo VACPREV a primeira dose foi administrada no D0 e a segunda no mesmo dia da IATF (D11). Não houve diferença significativa entre os grupos, nem perda gestacional significativa no grupo que recebeu a segunda vacina no dia da inseminação (VACPREV). Os resultados mostram que as vacinas contra IBR/BVDV/leptospirose e somente contra leptospirose não interferiram no desempenho reprodutivo de vacas multíparas. Não houve diferença significativa entre o protocolo de vacinação empregado em D0 e D11 e aquele utilizado em D0 e 30 DPI. A realização da vacina contra IBR/BVD/leptospirose no dia da inseminação artificial não provocou efeitos adversos nos parâmetros reprodutivos.

ABSTRACT: Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the impact of two vaccines on the reproductive performance of multiparous beef cows in Mato Grosso do Sul, Midwest Brazil. In Experiment 1,765 calved multiparous Nellore cows were subjected to the same fixed-time artificial insemination (FTAI) protocol and rebred. Ultrasound pregnancy diagnosis was performed 30 and 90 days post-FTAI (DPI). Rates of pregnancy and pregnancy loss were determined for three periods: from 30 to 90 DPI, from 30 DPI to calving, and from 90 DPI to calving. The cows were assigned to three groups with different vaccination protocols - namely, Group VACMULT (n=250): vaccine against bovine herpesvirus 1 (BoHV-1), bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV), and leptospirosis; Group VACL (n=245): vaccine against leptospirosis alone; Group NOVAC (n=270): no vaccination. Serum antibody titers for BoHV-1, BVDV, and leptospirosis, measured in 57 cows from each group indicated active infection, suggesting circulation of these pathogens in the herd. No differences in pregnancy rates were observed across groups. Pregnancy loss rates did not differ significantly across groups within any of the periods investigated (30 to 90 DPI, 30 DPI to calving, or 90 DPI to calving). In Experiment 2, two vaccination protocols for each vaccine were investigated. Group VACGEST was vaccinated on day zero of FTAI (D0) and again 30 days post-FTAI (30 DPI). Group VACPREV was vaccinated on D0 and again on the day of insemination (D11). No significant difference was observed between groups, or significant gestational loss in the group that received the second vaccine on the day of insemination. The results revealed that neither vaccine interfered with the reproductive performance of multiparous cows. No differences were observed between vaccination carried out on both D0 and D11 and that performed on both D0 and D30. The performance of the IBR/BVDV/Leptospirosis vaccine on the day of the artificial insemination did not cause adverse effects on the reproductive parameters.

Resumo: Este estudo avaliou a resistência genética na ocorrência de intoxicação por braquiária em ovinos. Foram selecionados dois grupos de ovinos, um identificado como suscetível (formado por duas ovelhas e um carneiro) e o outro como resistente (formado por três ovelhas e um carneiro). Foram considerados suscetíveis ovinos que apresentaram sinais de intoxicação por Brachiaria spp. em algum ponto de suas vidas e resistentes aqueles ovinos que, mesmo criados em pastagem de braquiária, nunca desenvolveram qualquer sinal da intoxicação. A progênie desses dois grupos (15 cordeiros do grupo suscetível e 9 no grupo resistente) foi colocada numa pastagem de braquiária (inicialmente Brachiaria decumbens e B. brizantha e, após o desmame, apenas B. decumbens) e acompanhada durante dois anos (2013-2014). A determinação dos níveis de protodioscina em B. decumbens foi realizada apenas em 2014 e foram encontradas quantidades significativas do princípio tóxico. Onze cordeiros do grupo suscetível foram afetados por algum grau de intoxicação por braquiária; nenhum cordeiro do grupo resistente foi afetado. Os sinais clínicos consistiam de graus variáveis de edema subcutâneo da face e eritema e alopecia da pele das orelhas, crostas na pele das orelhas e ao redor dos olhos e no plano nasal, retração cicatricial das orelhas, fotofobia e corrimento ocular bilateral. Três cordeiros apresentaram desenvolvimento retardado. Vários cordeiros se recuperaram da condição, mas posteriormente quando foram colocados na pastagem apresentaram recidivas. Achados de necropsia em seis cordeiros incluíam mucosas pálidas, pobre condição corporal, dermatite, deformação cicatricial das orelhas, fígado aumentado de volume, amarelo e com padrão lobular evidenciado e graus moderados de infestação por Haemonchus contortus. Histologicamente, as lesões hepáticas eram semelhantes em todos os cordeiros necropsiados, mas apresentavam vários graus de intensidade; eram consistentes com as lesões de intoxicação por braquiária e consistiam de desorganização da arquitetura trabecular dos hepatócitos, agregados de macrófagos espumosos ocasionalmente formando células gigantes multinucleadas, hepatócitos tumefeitos e vacuolizados, cristais ou imagem negativa de cristais no sistema biliar, bilestase, proliferação de ductos biliares e infiltrado linfoplasmocitário nas tríades portais. As lesões da pele eram de fotodermatite e incluíam necrose da epiderme, hiperqueratose e infiltrado neutrofílico na derme. Os resultados desse estudo permitem concluir que há uma resistência genética à intoxicação por braquiária em ovinos, uma vez que a progênie dos ovinos resistentes não manifestou a intoxicação. O uso de rebanhos resistentes em pastagens e braquiária é sugerido como uma valiosa opção para prevenir a intoxicação por braquiária em ovinos.

Abstract: This study was designed to assess the influence of genetic resistance against brachiaria poisoning in sheep. Two groups of sheep, one identified as susceptible (formed by two ewes and one ram) and the other as resistant against brachiaria poisoning (formed by three ewes and one ram) were selected. Sheep considered susceptible were those that presented clinical signs of brachiaria poisoning at any time of their life; resistant sheep were those that even raised on Brachiaria spp. pastures, did not developed any sign of the poisoning during their life. The offspring of the two flocks (15 lambs from the sensitive flock and 9 lambs from the resistant flock) were placed into brachiaria pasture (initially Brachiaria decumbens and B. brizantha,and only B. decumbens after weaning) and followed up during two years (2013-2014). The determination of protodioscin levels in B. decumbens pasture was performed only in 2014 and revealed significant amounts of the toxic principle. Eleven lambs of the susceptible group were affected to some degree of brachiaria poisoning and six died; no lamb of the resistant group was affected. Clinical signs consisted of varying degrees of subcutaneous edema of the face and, erythema and loss of hair of the ears, crusts on the skin of ears, around the eyes and on planum nasale, scar deformation of the ears, and bilateral ocular discharge; affected lambs also sought for shadowy shelters and they were poor doers. Several sheep recovered from the condition and then relapsed. Necropsy findings in six lambs included pale mucous membranes, emaciation, dermatitis, scar deformation of the ears, large yellow livers with marked lobular pattern, and moderate infestation by Haemonchus contortus. Histologically the liver lesions were similar in all necropsied lambs but with varying degrees of severity; they were consistent with brachiaria poisoning and included architectural disruption of hepatocellular trabecula, clusters of foamy macrophages occasionally forming multinucleated giant cells, swollen and vacuolated hepatocytes, crystals or negative images of crystals in the biliary system, bilestasis, bile duct proliferation and lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate in portal triads. The skin lesions were those of photodermatitis and included epidermal necrosis, hyperkeratosis and dermal neutrophilic infiltrate. The results of this study allow to conclude that there is a genetic related resistance to brachiaria poisoning in sheep since the progeny of resistant sheep did not manifest the poisoning. The use of resistant flocks in brachiaria pastures is suggested as a valuable option for the prevention of brachiaria poisoning in sheep.

This study was conducted in order to evaluate the transmission of caprine lentivirus to sheep using different experimental groups. The first one (colostrum group) was formed by nine lambs receiving colostrum from goats positive for small ruminant lentiviruses (SRLV). The second group (milk group) was established by nine lambs that received milk of these goats. Third was a control group, consisting of lambs that suckled colostrum and milk of negative mothers. Another experimental group (contact group) was formed by eight adult sheep, confined with two naturally infected goats. The groups were monitored by immunoblotting (IB), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) and nested polymerase chain reaction (nPCR). All lambs that suckled colostrum and milk of infected goats and six sheep of the contact group had positive results in the nPCR, although seroconversion was detected only in three of the exposed animals, with no clinical lentiviruses manifestation, in 720 days of observation. There was a close relationship between viral sequences obtained from infected animals and the prototype CAEV-Cork. Thus, it was concluded that SRLV can be transmitted from goats to sheep, however, the degree of adaptation of the virus strain to the host species probably interferes with the infection persistence and seroconversion rate.

Resistance training evokes myocardial adaptation; however, the effects of a single resistance exercise session on cardiac performance are poorly understood or investigated. This study aimed to investigate the effects of a single resistance exercise session on the myocardial contractility of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs). Male 3-month-old SHRs were divided into two groups: control (Ct) and exercise (Ex). Control animals were submitted to sham exercise. Blood pressure was measured in conscious rats before the exercise session to confirm the presence of arterial hypertension. Ten minutes after the exercise session, the animals were anesthetized and killed, and the hearts were removed. Cardiac contractility was evaluated in the whole heart by the Langendorff technique and by isometric contractions of isolated left ventricular papillary muscles. SERCA2a, phospholamban (PLB), and phosphorylated PLB expression were investigated by Western blot. Exercise increased force development of isolated papillary muscles (Ex=1.0±0.1 g/mg vs Ct=0.63±0.2 g/mg, P<0.05). Post-rest contraction was greater in the exercised animals (Ex=4.1±0.4% vs Ct=1.7±0.2%, P<0.05). Papillary muscles of exercised animals developed greater force under increasing isoproterenol concentrations (P<0.05). In the isolated heart, exercise increased left ventricular isovolumetric systolic pressure (LVISP; Δ +39 mmHg; P<0.05) from baseline conditions. Hearts from the exercised rats presented a greater response to increasing diastolic pressure. Positive inotropic intervention to calcium and isoproterenol resulted in greater LVISP in exercised animals (P<0.05). The results demonstrated that a single resistance exercise session improved myocardial contractility in SHRs.

Objective: Assess the effects of sensorimotor training on the functional autonomy levels of sedentary elderly people. Methods: The sample was composed of 30 women (sedentary, functionally independent, χ = 65.03 ± 4.93 year), divided randomly into two groups: control (CG, n = 15) and experimental (EG, n = 15). Tests developed by the Latin American Development for the Elderly Group (GDLAM) were used to evaluate autonomy. The EG was submitted to a sensorimotor program three times a week, involving 24 thirty-minute sessions. Data were processed using the SPSS program, with a 5% significance level. Results: The EG showed a significant reduction in execution time in all the tasks, while the CG only obtained a significantly better score on the 10-M walk test. Although the EG improved in the GDLAM index (∆% = -30, 3%, p = 0.0001), it remained at a "weak" level (GDLAM index >27.42). Conclusion: The results demonstrate that sensorimotor training reduces the execution time of tasks, as well as improving functional performance in activities of daily living.

Objetivo: Avaliar os efeitos do treinamento sensório-motor sobre os níveis de autonomia funcional de idosos sedentários. Métodos: A amostra foi composta por 50 mulheres (sedentárias, funcionalmente independentes, 65,03 ± 4,93 anos) divididas aleatoriamente em 2grupos: controle (CG, n = 15) e experimental (EG, n = 15). Para a avaliação da autonomia funcional foi utilizado o teste Grupo de Desenvolvimento Latino-Americano para a Maturidade (GDLAM) antes e após a intervenção. O grupo EG foi submetido a um programa de treinamento sensório-motor, 3vezes por semana, com duração de 30 minutos cada sessão, e foram realizadas durante 24 sessões. Os dados foram processados através do programa SPSS, versão 19, adotando nível de significância de p < 0,05. Resultados: No grupo experimental foi constatada uma redução significativa do tempo de execução em todas as tarefas, enquanto que o grupo CG obteve resultados significativamente menores no teste de caminhada de 10 m. No índice geral do GDLAM, o grupo experimental apresentou melhora (D% = -30, 3%, p = 0,0001), porém se manteve em nível "fraco" (índice GDLAM > 27,42). Conclusão: Os resultados mostraram que a prática do treinamento sensório-motor influência de forma positiva na redução do tempo de execução das tarefas, relacionando-se com melhor rendimento funcional das atividades cotidianas.

Objetivo: Evaluar los efectos del entrenamiento sensorio motriz en los niveles de autonomía funcional del anciano sedentario. Método: La muestra se compuso por 30 mujeres (sedentarias, independientes funcionalmente, 65,03 ± 4,93 años) divididas al azar en 2grupos: control (CG, n = 15) y experimental (EG, n = 15). Para la evaluación de la autonomía se utilizaron las pruebas del Grupo del Desarrollo Latinoamericano para la Madurez (GDLAM) antes y después de la intervención. El EG fue sometido a un programa de entrenamiento sensorio motriz, 3 veces a la semana, la duración de cada sesión fue de 30 minutos y realizaron 24 sesiones. Los datos se procesaron con el programa SPSS, versión 19, adoptando nivel de significación de la p < 0,05. Resultados: En el grupo experimental se constató una reducción significativa del tiempo de ejecución en todas las tareas, mientras el CG solo obtuvo resultado significativamente mejor en la prueba de caminata de 10 m. En el índice general de GDLAM, el grupo experimental presentó mejora (∆% = -30, 3%, p = 0,0001), pero se mantuvo en un nivel "débil" (Índice GDLAM > 27,42). Conclusión: Los resultados muestran que la práctica del entrenamiento sensorio motriz influye de forma positiva en la reducción del tiempo de ejecución de las tareas, lo que se relaciona con el mejor rendimiento funcional de las actividades cotidianas.

Resumo: A ingestão crônica de braquiária induz lesões hepáticas em bovinos caracterizadas por fibrose, atrofia do lobo esquerdo, hipertrofia compensatória do lobo direito e proliferação de ductos biliares. Tipicamente, essas lesões são associadas com agregados de macrófagos espumosos no parênquima hepático. Nesse trabalho foram estudados fígados com essas lesões num abatedouro frigorífico do Brasil Central e as perdas econômicas causadas pela condenação de tais fígados afetados foram estimadas. Durante o período estudado, 488.476 bovinos foram abatidos nesse matadouro frigorífico, dos quais 5.295 fígados foram condenados devido à fibrose, e 192 com lesão hepática foram estudados. Cálculos econômicos permitiram inferir que essas condenações representaram uma perda de R$ 108.817,60. Conclui-se que a condenação de fígados em razão de fibrose induzida pela ingestão de braquiária causa uma perda significativa para a indústria de carne e produtos bovinos devido à condenação de 23,6 toneladas de fígado em um ano em apenas um frigorífico, com perdas estimadas acima de R$ 100.000,00.

Abstract: Chronic ingestion of Brachiaria spp. by cattle causes in the liver fibrosis, atrophy of left lobe, compensatory hypertrophy of the right lobe, and bile duct proliferation. Typically, these lesions are associated with accumulation in the hepatic parenchyma of cluster with foamy macrophages. This study surveyed bovine livers with those lesions in a slaughterhouse in Central Brazil and estimated the economic losses caused by condemnation of such affected livers. During the study period, 488,476 cattle were slaughter in this particular abattoir. From 5,295 livers condemned due to fibrosis, 192 with lesions were sampled and studied. Economic calculations permitted to infer that the condemnations represented a loss of R$ 108,817.60. It is concluded that the condemnation of livers due to brachiaria-induced fibrosis causes significant economic losses for the meat industry due to condemnation of 23.6 tons of beef liver with an estimate annual loss of more than R$ 100,000.00 in a single slaughterhouse.

Objetivos Analisar a influência da farmacoterapia da osteoartrite na qualidade de vida de idosos. Métodos Estudo longitudinal, do qual participaram 91 idosos de ambos os gêneros (idade: 70,36 ± 5,57 anos), integrantes do projeto Estudo sobre Envelhecimento e Longevidade (EELO), portadores de osteoartrite de quadril e/ou joelho, confirmada por análise radiográfica. Foram levantados dados sobre a farmacoterapia da osteoartrite mediante o uso de questionários estruturados e a qualidade de vida foi analisada pelo questionário SF-36, no momento inicial e dois anos após a coleta de dados. Os diferentes domínios da qualidade de vida foram agrupados em componentes físico e mental para posterior análise dos dados. Resultados Foi observado um declínio estatisticamente significativo tanto nos componentes físicos quanto mentais da qualidade de vida dos indivíduos (teste de Wilcoxon, p < 0,05). Foi observado menor declínio no componente físico da qualidade de vida para os usuários de condroitina/glicosamina em comparação com o grupo tratado com anti-inflamatórios ou não tratado, segundo o teste de Kruskal-Wallis (p = 0,007). Por outro lado, não foi observada influência do tratamento farmacológico sobre o componente mental da qualidade de vida (p > 0,05). Conclusão O tratamento com condroitina/glicosamina contribuiu para menor declínio do componente físico e não influenciou o componente mental da qualidade de vida de idosos com osteoartrite.

Aims This study aimed to assess the influence of pharmacotherapy on health-related quality of life of elderly with ostheoarthritis. Methods Longitudinal study involving 91 older adults from both genders (Age: 70.36 ± 5.57 years) from EELO project with self-reported knee or hip ostheoartritis, confirmed by radiographic analysis. Data regarding pharmacotherapy was assessed by a structured questionnaire and the quality of life was analyzed by SF-36 questionnaire at the initial moment and two years thereafter. All domains from quality of life were grouped in physical and mental components for further data analysis. Results A statistically significant decline in both physical and mental components of quality of life was observed (Wilcoxon test, p < 0.05). However, it was observed a slighted decline in physical components in group treated with chondroitin/glucosamine when compared to other groups, according to Kruskal–Wallis test (p = 0.007). On the other hand, it was not observed any influence of pharmacological treatment on mental components of health-related quality of life (p > 0.05). Conclusions Treatment with condroitin/glucosamin contributes to a lower decline in physical component while it had no influence on mental component of health-related quality of life in older adults with ostheoartritis.

We studied the effects of the acute administration of small doses of lead over time on hemodynamic parameters in anesthetized rats to determine if myocardial contractility changes are dependent or not on the development of hypertension. Male Wistar rats received 320 µg/kg lead acetateiv once, and their hemodynamic parameters were measured for 2 h. Cardiac contractility was evaluated in vitro using left ventricular papillary muscles as were Na+,K+-ATPase and myosin Ca2+-ATPase activities. Lead increased left- (control: 112 ± 3.7 vs lead: 129 ± 3.2 mmHg) and right-ventricular systolic pressures (control: 28 ± 1.2vs lead: 34 ± 1.2 mmHg) significantly without modifying heart rate. Papillary muscles were exposed to 8 µM lead acetate and evaluated 60 min later. Isometric contractions increased (control: 0.546 ± 0.07 vs lead: 0.608 ± 0.06 g/mg) and time to peak tension decreased (control: 268 ± 13vs lead: 227 ± 5.58 ms), but relaxation time was unchanged. Post-pause potentiation was similar between groups (n = 6 per group), suggesting no change in sarcoplasmic reticulum activity, evaluated indirectly by this protocol. After 1-h exposure to lead acetate, the papillary muscles became hyperactive in response to a β-adrenergic agonist (10 µM isoproterenol). In addition, post-rest contractions decreased, suggesting a reduction in sarcolemmal calcium influx. The heart samples treated with 8 µM lead acetate presented increased Na+,K+-ATPase (approximately 140%, P < 0.05 for control vs lead) and myosin ATPase (approximately 30%, P < 0.05 for control vs lead) activity. Our results indicated that acute exposure to low lead concentrations produces direct positive inotropic and lusitropic effects on myocardial contractility and increases the right and left ventricular systolic pressure, thus potentially contributing to the early development of hypertension.

Plantas medicinais são utilizadas mundialmente como uma das principais formas de cuidado primário de saúde. No entanto, a literatura indica que muitas espécies podem apresentar composição química variável, toxicidade ou difícil identificação. O objetivo do presente estudo foi obter critérios úteis para o controle de qualidade farmacognóstico das principais espécies vegetais de uso popular no estado do Rio Grande do Norte, utilizando metodologias de análise botânica (morfodiagnose macro e microscópica) e química (triagem fitoquímica e cromatografia em camada delgada), evitando assim adulterações ou uso inadequado dessas plantas medicinais no estado. No total, sete espécies foram analisadas Acmella oleracea, Chenopodium ambrosioides, Lippia alba, Mentha piperita, Ocimum gratissimum, Peumus boldus e Rosmarinus officinalis. Diversos marcadores botânicos e fitoquímicos foram identificados, contribuindo dessa forma para a correta identificação destas espécies de plantas medicinais importantes no estado do Rio Grande do Norte.

Medicinal plants are worldwide used as one of the main forms of primary healthcare. However, the literature indicates that many species may have variable chemical composition, toxicity, or even difficult identification. The aim of this study was to obtain useful criteria for pharmacognostic quality control of the main plant species of popular use in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, using methods of botanical (macro and microscopic morphodiagnosis) and chemical (phytochemical screening and thin-layer chromatography) analysis, thus preventing adulteration or inappropriate use of these medicinal plants in the state. In total, seven species were analyzed Acmella oleracea, Chenopodium ambrosioides, Lippia alba, Mentha piperita, Ocimum gratissimum, Peumus boldus and Rosmarinus officinalis. Several botanical and phytochemical markers were identified, thereby contributing to the correct identification of these important medicinal plant species in the state of Rio Grande do Norte.

Analyses of mineral density in tibias and femurs of breeder ostriches had been carried on six couples 5-7 years old. During 8 weeks, 3 couples had been fed with ration of reproduction (T1) and other 3 couples with ration of maintenance (T2). It was possible to verify that the egg production was not affected by the diets, as well as the quality of egg shells. However the quality of the bones was worse for the birds fed of T2.

Realizaram-se análises da densidade óssea em tíbias e fêmures de 6 casais de avestruzes reprodutoras com idade entre 5 a 7 anos, alimentados durante 8 semanas, 3 casais com ração de reprodução (T1), e 3 casais com ração de manutenção (T2). Verificou-se que a produção de ovos não foi afetada pelas dietas, assim como a qualidade da casca dos ovos. No entanto a qualidade dos ossos foi pior para as aves do T2.

Foi realizado estudo experimental de intoxicação por Brachiaria decumbens em ovinos confinados que receberam apenas esta forrageira como alimento. Os animais foram avaliados em três períodos do ano, com duração de 60 dias cada. As análises incluíram exame clínico e amostras de sangue para mensuração da atividade sérica das enzimas gama glutamiltransferase e aspartato aminotransferase com o objetivo de avaliar sua importância e utilidade no diagnóstico de fotossensibilização hepatógena causada pela planta. Foram descritos ainda, achados de necropsia e histopatológicos. Dos vinte e quatro animais confinados, cinco morreram no primeiro período (fevereiro a abril), quatro no segundo (junho a agosto) e dois no terceiro (outubro a dezembro), tendo como principais sinais clínicos anorexia, icterícia, fotofobia, dermatite leve, além de desidratação e apatia. Nos achados de necropsia foram constatados icterícia generalizada, vesícula biliar repleta e distendida, padrão lobular hepático evidente e, em dois casos, opacidade de córnea. As alterações microscópicas foram mais significativas no fígado com bilestase, tumefação e vacuolização de hepatócitos, sinusóides com macrófagos, proliferação de ductos e dúctulos biliares com infiltração linfocítica, que variaram na sua severidade conforme o tempo decorrido da ingestão da planta, além de imagens negativas de cristais no citoplasma de macrófagos presentes nos sinusóides hepáticos e no espaço periportal e cristais refringentes oticamente ativos, ocluindo a luz de ductos biliares. Os achados foram característicos de fotossensibilização hepatógena por B. decumbens, principalmente pela presença de fotofobia, mesmo quando os animais não apresentaram fotodermatite. O aumento da atividade sérica da gama glutamiltransferase teve alta correlação com a morte dos animais. O surgimento da elevação da atividade sérica de gama glutamiltransferase foi, em média, 11 dias antes da constatação dos sinais clínicos, validando sua importância no diagnóstico e na prevenção. A aspartato aminotransferase teve resultados inconsistentes. Treze animais não apresentaram sinais clínicos, apesar de serem constatadas significativas elevações nos níveis séricos das enzimas em questão, sugerindo a existência de indivíduos tolerantes/resistentes dentro do intervalo estabelecido. O modelo experimental foi adequado na caracterização da intoxicação de ovinos por B. decumbens, oferecendo subsídios para estimar preventivamente o risco de morte de ovinos intoxicados pela planta, além de ser útil para a realização de novos estudos da intoxicação por B. decumbens.

Brachiaria decumbens was fed as exclusive source of food to feedlot sheep. Sheep were evaluated in three periods of the year, of 60 days each, regarding their clinical status and was performed collection of blood samples to measure enzymatic activity of gamma glutamyltransferase and aspartate aminotransferase to evaluate their diagnostic importance and usefulness besides the clinical signs, necropsy and histopathology finds in hepatogenous photosensitization Brachiaria related. Out of 24 feedlot sheep, five died in the first period (February-April), four in the second (June-August) and two in the third (October-December). Main clinical signs were anorexia, jaundice, photophobia and two cases of slight dermatitis, besides dehydration, apathy and corneal opacity. Necropsy revealed generalized jaundice, distended gall bladder and liver with evident lobular pattern. The histological changes varied in severity according the time after the beginning of the plant ingestion; they were more significant in the liver and included bilestasis, swelling and vacuolation of hepatocytes, foammy macrophages, bile duct proliferation and mononuclear inflammatory cell infiltration, further crystal negative images were found within cytoplasm of macrophages present inside of hepatic sinusoid and in the periportal space and also optically active refringent crystal in the lumen of bile tubules. These finds are characteristic of hepatogenous photosensitization, mainly by presence of photophobia, even when the sheep did not present photodermatitis. The results of serum biochemistry activity, during the course of poisoning with strong relation between increased gamma glutamyltransferase activity, and lethality. Onset of arising gama glutamyltransferase activity was 11 days, in average, before beginning of clinical signs. Aspartate aminotransferase had increased activity only close to the beginning of clinical signs. Serum biochemistry results of GGT suggest that they are useful for a precocious diagnosis preventing deaths caused by ingestion of B. decumbens. Thirteen sheep didn't show clinical signs despite significant increases on serum enzyme activity, suggesting the existence of tolerant/resistant individuals. The experimental model of feedlot was adequate to study B. decumbens toxicosis in sheep.

Myocardial infarction leads to compensatory ventricular remodeling. Disturbances in myocardial contractility depend on the active transport of Ca2+ and Na+, which are regulated by Na+-K+ ATPase. Inappropriate regulation of Na+-K+ ATPase activity leads to excessive loss of K+ and gain of Na+ by the cell. We determined the participation of Na+-K+ ATPase in ventricular performance early and late after myocardial infarction. Wistar rats (8-10 per group) underwent left coronary artery ligation (infarcted, Inf) or sham-operation (Sham). Ventricular performance was measured at 3 and 30 days after surgery using the Langendorff technique. Left ventricular systolic pressure was obtained under different ventricular diastolic pressures and increased extracellular Ca2+ concentrations (Ca2+e) and after low and high ouabain concentrations. The baseline coronary perfusion pressure increased 3 days after myocardial infarction and normalized by 30 days (Sham 3 = 88 ± 6; Inf 3 = 130 ± 9; Inf 30 = 92 ± 7 mmHg; P < 0.05). The inotropic response to Ca2+e and ouabain was reduced at 3 and 30 days after myocardial infarction (Ca2+ = 1.25 mM; Sham 3 = 70 ± 3; Inf 3 = 45 ± 2; Inf 30 = 29 ± 3 mmHg; P < 0.05), while the Frank-Starling mechanism was preserved. At 3 and 30 days after myocardial infarction, ventricular Na+-K+ ATPase activity and contractility were reduced. This Na+-K+ ATPase hypoactivity may modify the Na+, K+ and Ca2+ transport across the sarcolemma resulting in ventricular dysfunction.