ABSTRACT In this study, chemical changes during the development of acerola, cultivar Okinawa, were evaluated. The biochemical alterations during the development of the acerola cultivar Okinawa were evaluated, to determine the peroxidase activity (POD) and its thermal stability. Peroxidase (POD) has been considered the main enzyme responsible for the quality deterioration of fruits. Additionally, characteristics evaluated in this study can be important postharvest quality criteria for fruit processing, screening and breeding. Changes in physiological development were evaluated by the determination of moisture content, ascorbic acid, ashes, total and reducing sugars, pectin, chlorophyll a and b, amounts of anthocyanins, flavonols and total carotenoids. These biochemical determinations may serve as a basis for further improvement of techniques for predicting and modeling the optimal harvesting time. The values of chlorophylls, anthocyanins, flavonols, and carotenoids were higher in the peel rather than in the pulp (p < 0.05). Acerola presents high levels of ascorbic acid. The development of acerola (from opening of flowers to maturation of fruits) was of 25 days. The increase of the values for total and reducing sugars, anthocyanins, carotenoids, the solubilization of pectic acid and degradation of chlorophyll suggested that physiological maturation and harvest day occurred on days 19 and 23 after anthesis, respectively. The specific activity of POD was higher in the green stage. Maximum POD activity was observed at pH 6.5 and 45 ºC. Total inactivation was not achieved, suggesting the presence of isoenzymes with high thermal resistance. A loss of 50% of activity occurred after 4 minutes of treatment at 80 °C.

Abstract Background Most of the Brazilian population relies on public healthcare and stroke is a major cause of disability in this country of continental dimensions. There is limited information about access to rehabilitation after stroke in Brazil. Objective To provide comprehensive information about Access to Rehabilitation After discharge from public hospitals in Brazil (AReA study), up to 6 months after stroke. Methods The present study intends to collect information from 17 public health centers in 16 Brazilian cities in the 5 macroregions of the country. Each center will include 36 participants (n = 612). The inclusion criteria are: age ≥ 18 years old; ischemic or hemorrhagic stroke, from 6 months to 1 year prior to the interview; admission to a public hospital in the acute phase after stroke; any neurological impairment poststroke; patient or caregiver able to provide informed consent and answer the survey. Patients can only be recruited in public neurology or internal medicine outpatient clinics. Outcomes will be assessed by a standard questionnaire about rehabilitation referrals, the rehabilitation program (current status, duration in months, number of sessions per week) and instructions received. In addition, patients will be asked about preferences for locations of rehabilitation (hospitals, clinics, or at home). Trial Status The study is ongoing. Recruitment started on January 31st, 2020 and is planned to continue until June 2022. Conclusion The AReA study will fill a gap in knowledge about access to stroke rehabilitation in the public health system in different Brazilian regions.

Resumo Antecedentes Grande parte da população brasileira depende de saúde pública e o acidente vascular cerebral (AVC) é uma das principais causas de incapacidade neste país de dimensões continentais. As informações sobre o acesso à reabilitação após AVC em instalações públicas no Brasil são limitadas. Objetivo Fornecer informações abrangentes sobre o Acesso à Reabilitação pós-AVC (estudo AReA) nos primeiros 6 meses após a alta hospitalar da rede pública. Métodos Serão coletadas informações de 17 centros de saúde públicos em 16 cidades brasileiras das cinco macrorregiões do país. Cada centro incluirá 36 participantes (n = 612). Os critérios de inclusão são: idade ≥ 18 anos; AVC isquêmico ou hemorrágico, com tempo de lesão entre 6 meses e 1 ano; admissão em hospital público na fase aguda; qualquer comprometimento neurológico pós-AVC; paciente ou cuidador capaz de fornecer consentimento informado e responder à pesquisa. Os pacientes só podem ser recrutados em ambulatórios públicos de neurologia ou medicina interna. Os resultados serão avaliados por um questionário padrão sobre encaminhamentos de reabilitação, o programa de reabilitação (estado atual, duração em meses, número de sessões por semana) e instruções recebidas. Além disso, os pacientes serão questionados sobre as preferências de locais de reabilitação (hospitais, clínicas ou casa). Status do estudo O estudo está em andamento. O recrutamento começou em 31 de janeiro de 2020 e está previsto para continuar até junho de 2022. Conclusão O estudo AReA preencherá uma lacuna no conhecimento sobre o acesso à reabilitação para AVC no sistema público de saúde em diferentes regiões brasileiras.

Resumo: A soldagem a arco submerso tem recebido atenção crescente na indústria devido a sua propensão a altas produtividades, que podem atingir níveis ainda maiores através da variante tandem arc (SAW-T). Este trabalho avalia a influência da velocidade de soldagem nas características geométricas e microestruturais de juntas soldadas por SAW-T com dois arames, em dois passes opostos. Para isso, fabricou-se, em velocidades de soldagem distintas, três juntas a partir de chapas de aço estrutural, em dois passes opostos cada. Avaliou-se a geometria dos cordões, a microestrutura e a distribuição de dureza ao longo da seção transversal das juntas. Aumentos de velocidade de soldagem mostraram-se detrimentais à geometria dos cordões. As zonas fundidas formadas consistem majoritariamente em variadas morfologias de ferrita, com maiores teores de ferrita acicular em amostras de velocidades de soldagem mais altas. Foram identificadas ilhas de bainita no interior de grãos nas zonas termicamente afetadas, além de outros tipos de ferrita. Os valores de dureza sofreram suave aumento com acréscimos de velocidade e não indicam suscetibilidade a trincas. As velocidades mais altas resultaram em juntas com falta de penetração, defeito que indica aporte térmico insuficiente. A junta soldada a 1200 mm/min apresentou boa geometria e microestrutura refinada.

Abstract: Industry interest in submerged arc welding processes has been growing due to its high productivity rates, which can be further increased through tandem arc techniques. This study evaluates the effect of welding speed on geometric and microstructural characteristics of weldments produced by two wires SAW-T, with two opposite beads each. For this purpose, three structural steel welding joints were manufactured, each using a different welding speed. The weldments' microstructure, bead geometry and hardness distribution were analyzed. Bead geometry suffered negative effect from higher speeds. The welded zones formed consisted mainly of assorted ferrite morphologies, with more acicular ferrite in joints welded under higher welding speeds. Bainite islands were present intragranularly in the heat affected zones, among ferrite microconstituents. Hardness values were slightly raised under higher welding speeds and do not suggest crack susceptibility. None of the weldments produced contained any martensite microconstituents. The highest welding speeds resulted in lack of fusion defects in the weldments, suggesting insufficient heat input and penetration. The joint welded using 1200 mm/min speed showed good geometry and refined microstructure, indicating that this condition is promising as a way to manufacture sturdy steel weldments under high productivity rates.