Abstract Alcohol liver disease is one of the main indications for liver transplantation (LT). Currently, an abstinence period <6 months is required to include a patient with alcohol liver disease on the waiting list, a period that has not been shown to reduce the risk of relapse. Alcoholic hepatitis is characterized by hepatic decompensation secondary to recent, excessive consumption of alcohol, and LT may be the option in a well-selected group of patients who do not respond to medical treatment, but due to established sobriety intervals are excluded, this requires a change in the criteria established by the committees. We propose an evaluation algorithm to consider alcoholic hepatitis unresponsive to medical treatment for LT.

Resumen La enfermedad hepática por alcohol es una de las principales indicaciones de trasplante hepático (TH). Actualmente se requiere un período de abstinencia > 6 meses para incluir a un paciente con enfermedad hepática por alcohol en lista de espera de TH, periodo que no ha demostrado disminuir el riesgo de recaída. La hepatitis aguda por alcohol se caracteriza por una descompensación hepática secundaria a un consumo de alcohol excesivo reciente, y el TH puede ser la única opción en un grupo bien seleccionado de pacientes que no responden al tratamiento médico, pero debido a los intervalos de sobriedad establecidos son excluidos, y esto requiere un cambio en los criterios establecidos por los comités. Proponemos un algoritmo de evaluación para considerar para TH la hepatitis aguda por alcohol no respondedora a tratamiento médico.

Abstract Sphingobacterium multivorum is a non-fermentative gram-negative bacillus that rarely causes human infections. In the medical literature, the few reported cases of infections resulting from S. multivorum usually occurred in patients with an associated comorbidity. We present the first case report, according our knowledge, of a skin and soft tissue infection by S. multivorum infection in a pediatric patient after a burn injury.

Resumen Sphingobacterium multivorum es un bacilo gramnegativo no fermentador, que infrecuentemente causa enfermedad en humanos. En la literatura médica existen escasos reportes de infecciones causadas por este microorganismo, en general, en hospederos con alguna comorbilidad. Presentamos el primer caso reportado, según nuestro conocimiento, de una infección de piel y tejidos blandos por Sphingobacterium multivorum en un paciente pediátrico gran quemado.

Abstract In Portugal, tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4)-responsive patients with phenylketonuria (PKU) are identified using a loading test (LT). Phenylalanine/natural protein (Phe/NP) intake is increased to elevate blood Phe prior to the LT. In a longitudinal retrospective study, the impact of Phe/NP titration post-LT in 58 patients (19.6 + 8.2 years) with PKU during 4 study periods (SPs) was examined. In SP1 (2010-2013), patients were diet treated only; in SP2 (2014), the Phe/NP titration was followed by the LT in SP3 (2015). In SP4 (2016), patients received diet treatment only (n ¼ 49) or BH4 þdiet (n ¼ 9). The median percentage blood Phe within the target range was higher in SP1 versus SP4 (64 [28-85] vs 45 [0-66]; P < .001). Our results suggest that transient Phe/NP titration, associated with a deliberate increase in NP, may adversely affect metabolic control. Controlled studies are necessary to examine the longer term impact of temporary increased NP with BH4 LT in non-BH4-responsive patients.

Abstract. The effect of mycorrhizal of Agave cupreata in the biocontrol of Fusarium oxysporum and promoting plant growth was evaluated. In greenhouse, seeds of A. cupreata were inoculated with four consortia of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) native: The Huizachal (EH), Agua Dulce (AD), Paso Ancho (PA) and Cerro del Metate (CM), a commercial inoculum mycorrhizal INIFAP® (MI) and a control without AMF. Seven months after inoculating of the AMF, in a group of plants with and without mycorrhizal was evaluated the promoting plant growth and another similar group of plants were inoculated with or without Fusarium oxysporum FPC (Fox) to evaluate the potential biocontrol effect of AMF. The results showed that mycorrhizal plants increased significantly (Tukey, p≤0.05) dry biomass total, in a range between 148 and 239 % more than the control without AMF. At 240 days after inoculation of Fox; the treatments PA+Fox and MI+Fox showed a reducing significant (Kruskal-Wallis, p≤0.05) in the severity of agave wilt, averaging 33 % damage compared to the control+Fox, which presented damage of 74 %. PA and MI may be considered as potential biofertilizers and biocontrol agents of F. oxysporum in the cultivation of agave.

Resumen. Se evaluó el efecto de la inoculación micorrícica de plantas de Agave cupreata en el biocontrol de Fusarium oxysporum y en la promoción del crecimiento vegetal. En invernadero, semillas de A. cupreata fueron inoculadas con cuatro consorcios de hongos micorrícicos arbusculares (HMA) nativos, denominados El Huizachal (EH), Agua Dulce (AD), Paso Ancho (PA) y Cerro del Metate (CM), un inóculo comercial micorriza INIFAP® (MI) y un testigo sin HMA. Siete meses después de inocular los HMA, en un grupo de plantas micorrizadas y sin micorrizar se evaluó la promoción del crecimiento vegetal y otro grupo similar de plantas fueron inoculadas con o sin Fusarium oxysporum FPC (Fox) para evaluar el potencial efecto de biocontrol de los HMA. Los resultados mostraron que la micorrización incrementó significativamente (Tukey, p≤0.05) la biomasa seca total de las plantas, en un intervalo entre 148 y 239 % más con respecto al testigo sin HMA. A los 240 días después de la inoculación de Fox, los tratamientos PA+Fox y MI+Fox mostraron un efecto significativo (Kruskal-Wallis, p≤0.05) en la disminución de la severidad de la marchitez del agave con un promedio de daño de 33 % con respecto al testigo+Fox que presentó daños de 74 %. PA y MI pueden considerarse como potenciales biofertilizantes y agentes de biocontrol de F. oxysporum en el cultivo del agave.

Conduziu-se um ensaio clínico para comparar a eficácia de uma combinação em baixas doses de oxamniquine (7,5 mg/kg) mais praziquantel (20 mg/kg) com ambas as drogas - oxamniquine (15 mg/kg) e praziquantel (40 mg/kg) - empregadas isoladamente, no tratamento da esquistossomose mansônica em uma área endêmica do nordeste brasileiro. Os medicamentos foram administrados, aleatoriamente, por via oral, a 91 pacientes. Seis e doze meses depois do tratamento 89% dos admitidos no ensaio foram reexaminados segundo os métodos de Kato-Katz (dez lâminas) e MIF (um grama de fezes). Os índices de cura alcançados, representando a ausência de ovos nas fezes em todos os controles durante o acompanhamento parasitológico individualizado dos pacientes, foram de 81,8%, 81,2% e 67,6% com, respectivamente, o praziquantel, a oxamniquine e a combinação. A redução do número de ovos eliminado por gra ma de fezes nos casos não curados, variou de 93,8 96,8% com o praziquantel, 32,5 97% com a oxamniquine e 76,9-99,5% com a combinação. Concluiu-se que os três regimes terapêuticos, nas doses utilizadas, dão resultados similares e satisfatórios no tratamento da esquistossomose mansônica não complicada, no Brasil.

A randomized clinical trial was carried out to compare the efficacy of a low-dosage combination of oxamniquine (7.5 mg/kg) plus praziquantel (20 mg/kg) against either agent, oxamniquine (15 mg/kg) or praziquantel (40 mg/kg) alone, in the treatment of schistosomiasis mansoni in the Brazilian north-east. The drugs were randomly administered per os to 91 patients. Six and twelve months after treatment 89% of those admitted to the trial were reexamined by Kato-Katz method (ten slides) and MIF technique (one gram of stool) The achieved cure rates, as defined by absence of S. mansoni eggs in the faeces of individual patients at all points during the parasitological follow-up, were 81.8%, 81.2% and 67.6% for praziquantel, oxamniquine and the combination respectively. The reduction of eggs excretion in non cured patients six months after therapy ranged from 93.8-96.8% with praziquantel, 32.5-97% with oxamniquine and 76.9-99.5% with the combination. It is concluded that, at the used dosages, the three therapeutical regimens give similar and satisfactory results in the treatment of uncomplicated S. mansoni infection in Brazil.