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Abstract Background: Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the prostate is a key diagnostic tool for identifying prostate carcinoma. The Prostate Imaging-Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) scale is the standard system for interpreting these images. Standardizing and evaluating this scale is crucial for ensuring consistent and reproducible results. Objective: This study aims to assess both the interobserver and intraobserver agreement of the PI-RADS version 2.1. Material and methods: In this retrospective observational study, 129 prostate MRI scans from patients with suspected prostate cancer were evaluated. Three radiologists, each with different levels of experience, analyzed these scans at two separate times using the PI-RADS 2.1 scoring system. Both intraobserver and interobserver agreements were measured. Results: The study found substantial interobserver agreement (kappa > 0.6) across all categories, with category 5 showing the highest level of agreement. Intraobserver reproducibility was also high, with the highest kappa value reaching 0.856. Further analysis based on the radiologists’ years of experience revealed significant interobserver agreement in all instances. Conclusions: The PI-RADS 2.1 classification system demonstrates high reproducibility across different categories, particularly for lesions more likely to be clinically significant cancers. This underscores its reliability in varied diagnostic scenarios.

Resumen Antecedentes: La resonancia magnética (RM) de próstata es uno de los métodos diagnósticos para la identificación del carcinoma de próstata. La escala PI-RADS (Prostate Imaging and Reporting Data System) es el sistema usado para la interpretación de estas imágenes. Es importante, para su reproducibilidad, la estandarización y la evaluación de dicha escala. Objetivo: Determinar la concordancia inter- e intraobservador de la versión 2.1 del PI-RADS. Material y métodos: Estudio observacional retrospectivo, evaluando 129 RM de pacientes con sospecha de cáncer de próstata por tres radiólogos con diferentes años de experiencia y en dos momentos del tiempo, usando el puntaje PI-RADS 2.1. Se evaluó la concordancia intra- e interobservador. Resultados: La concordancia interobservador fue sustancial (kappa > 0,6) en todos los observadores, siendo la categoría 5 la de mayor acuerdo interobservador. Se observó una alta reproducibilidad intraobservardor, con la mayor kappa siendo de 0,856. Cuando se realizó el análisis según años de experiencia de los radiólogos, la concordancia interobservador fue significativa en todos los casos. Conclusiones: El sistema de clasificación PI-RADS 2.1 es reproducible para las diferentes categorías y aumenta la concordancia cuando se trata de lesiones con mayor probabilidad de cáncer clínicamente significativo.

https://doi.org/10.24875/rar.23000003

Third National Registry of Cardiac Rehabilitation Programs in Mexico (RENAPREC III-2022)
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Lara-Vargas, Jorge A.

; Ilarraza-Lomelí, Hermes

; García-Saldivia, Marianna

; Pineda-García, Alfredo D.

; Leyva-Valadez, Eduardo A.

; Justiniano-Cordero, Samuel

; Sahagún-Olmos, Roberto

; Zavala-Ramírez, Juana

; Cassaigne-Guasco, María E.

; Sánchez-Limón, Edgar-F

; Castañeda-López, Javier

; Cerón-Enríquez, Norma

; Ku-González, Andrés

; Arteaga-Martínez, Rodolfo

; Hinojosa-López, Tania

; Vergara-Guzmán, Jéssica

; Pérez-Vázquez, Daniel I.

; Gasca-Zamudio, Pedro D.

; Aranda-Ayala, Zulema L.

; Vacío-Reyes, Martha E.

; Reza-Orozco, Marco

; Alcocer-Gamboa, Miguel A.

; Hernández-González, Pedro A.

; Pérez-Reyes, Angélica A.

; Núñez-Urquiza, Juan P.

; Alonso-Sánchez, Jesús

; Franco-Valles, Sarahí

; Romo-Escamilla, Ricardo E.

; Nuriulú-Escobar, Patricia

; Serna-Santamaría, Iván

; Avilés-González, Jorge

; Salgado-Solorio, María C.

; Muñoz-Gutiérrez, Luz M.

; Mendoza-Díaz, Pedro M.

; Ávila-Estrada, Ángel

; Morales-Medina, Carlos

; Lara-Vázquez, Eduardo

; Rodríguez-Herrera, Paulina

; Galván-López, María

; Segoviano-Mendoza, Georgina

; De-la-Torre-Cruz, Fabiola

; Jiménez-Campos, Cecilia

; Ramírez-Meléndez, Alejandra

; Almaraz-Ríos, Alejandro

; González-Bonilla, Mezthly

; Rojano-Castillo, Jessica

; Rius-Suarez, María D.

Archivos de cardiología de México

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dec 2023, Volume 93 N. 4 Pages 405 - 416

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

resumen está disponible en el texto completo

Abstract Introduction: In Mexico, cardiac rehabilitation (CR) as an interdisciplinary intervention with therapeutic impact in patients with heart disease is growing. There is the need to know actual conditions of CR in our country. Objectives: The objective of this National Registry is to follow-up those existing and new CR units in Mexico through the comparison between the two previous registries, RENAPREC-2009 and RENAPREC II-2015 studies. This is a descriptive study focused on diverse CR activities such as assistance training, and certification of health professionals, barriers, reference, population attended, interdisciplinarity, permanence over time, growth prospects, regulations, post-pandemic condition, integrative characteristics, and scientific research. Results: Data were collected from 45 CR centers in the 32 states, 75.5% are private practice units, 67% are new, 33% were part of RENAPREC II-2015, and 17 have continued since 2009. With a better distribution of CR units along the territory, the median reference of candidates for CR programs is 9% with a significant reduction into tiempo of enrollment to Phase II admission (19 ± 11 days). Regarding to previous registries, the coverance of Phases I, II, and III is 71%, 100%, and 93%, respectively; and a coverance increases in evaluation, risk stratification, and prescription, more comprehensive attendance and prevention strategies. Conclusions: CR in Mexico has grown in the past 7 years. Even there is still low reference and heterogeneity in specific processes, there are strengths such as interdisciplinarity, scientific professionalization of specialists, national diversification, and an official society that are consolidated over time.

https://doi.org/10.24875/acm.22000235

Uses of mid-infrared spectroscopy and chemometric models for differentiating between dried cocoa bean varieties
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Collazos-Escobar, Gentil A.

; Barrios-Rodriguez, Yeison F.

; Bahamón-Monje, Andrés F.

; Gutiérrez-Guzmán, Nelson

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental

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oct 2023, Volume 27 N. 10 Pages 803 - 810

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

ABSTRACT Generally, the taxonomic classification of cocoa beans is based on the theobromine/caffeine ratio determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). However, this technique involves laborious and time-consuming calculations. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared (ATR-FTIR) spectroscopy is a valuable, effective, and rapid tool for analyzing the chemical composition of food products. The objective of this study was to examine the potential of ATR-FTIR combined with chemometric tools such as principal component analysis (PCA), linear discriminant analysis (LDA), and partial least squares regression-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) to discriminate between the Trinitario and Forastero dry bean cocoa varieties defined by theobromine and caffeine measurements via HPLC. The cocoa varieties were evaluated using HPLC analysis of 36 dry cocoa bean samples to determine the theobromine/caffeine ratio. Moreover, ATR-FTIR spectra were analyzed in the mid-infrared (MIR) region, and signals associated with theobromine and caffeine were identified and analyzed using the LDA and PLS-DA models. The LDA and PLS-DA models allowed the satisfactory differentiation between cocoa varieties, providing overall prediction capacity values of 98.2 ± 1.8% and 96.1 ± 2.4%, respectively. The results show the potential of ATR-FTIR spectroscopy for the reliable, fast, and easy differentiation of dried cocoa beans.

RESUMO Geralmente, a classificação taxonômica das sementes de cacau foi feita pela relação teobromina/cafeína por cromatografia líquida de alto desempenho (HPLC). No entanto, esta técnica envolve determinações laboriosas e demoradas; assim, a espectroscopia atenuada de infravermelho de reflexão total (ATR-FTIR) é uma ferramenta valiosa, eficaz e rápida para analisar a composição química dos produtos alimentares. Neste estudo, o objetivo era examinar o potencial da ATR-FTIR combinado com ferramentas quimiométricas como a análise de componentes principais (PCA), a análise discriminante linear (LDA), e a análise menos regressiva quadrada parcial (PLS-DA) examinada para a discriminação entre as variedades de cacau Trinitario e Forastero definidas pelas medições de teobromina e cafeína via HPLC. As variedades de cacau foram avaliadas pela análise por HPLC de 36 amostras de grãos de cacau secos para a relação teobromina/cafeína. Além disso, os espectros ATR-FTIR foram analisados em regiões de infravermelhos médios (MIR), e os sinais associados à teobromina e à cafeína foram identificados e analisados através dos modelos LDA e PLS-DA. Os modelos LDA e PLS-DA proporcionaram uma discriminação satisfatória do cacau, fornecendo valores de capacidade de previsão global de 98.2 ± 1.8% e 96.1 ± 2.4%, respectivamente. Os resultados mostram o potencial da técnica de espectroscopia ATR-FTIR para uma diferenciação fiável, rápida e fácil das amêndoas de cacau secas.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v27n10p803-810

Primer Consenso Chileno de Grupo de Estudio de Tuberculosis Ocular
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Urzua, Cristhian A.

; Liberman, Paulina

; Escobar, Nadia

; Sabat, Pablo

; Hernández, Mariluz

; Peña, Luis

; Stevenson, Ricardo

; Pérez, María Eugenia

; Balcells, María Elvira

Revista chilena de infectología

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jun 2023, Volume 40 N. 3 Pages 270 - 288

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract The treatment of ocular tuberculosis (TB) remains controversial worldwide. The development of guidelines for ocular TB can facilitate the approach and management of these patients. These guidelines should be developed regionally, considering the local TB epidemiology. The objectives of this consensus are: to initiate an interdisciplinary discussion about the epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical presentation, diagnosis, workup and treatment of patients with ocular TB, to establish a treatment algorithm and define which patients should be treated in Chile and how and, to analyze and discuss the published data regarding chemoprophylaxis for patients with latent TB who need to start immunosuppressive treatment due to inflammatory ocular conditions.

Resumen Introducción: El tratamiento de la tuberculosis (TB) ocular es un tema que genera controversia en el mundo. Para el correcto manejo de estos pacientes, es necesario el desarrollo de guías que consideren la epidemiología de la TB ocular en cada nación. El objetivo de este consenso fue discutir de forma interdisciplinaria la epidemiología, fisiopatología, clínica, diagnóstico, estudio y tratamiento de los pacientes con TB ocular, para establecer un algoritmo de tratamiento y proponer qué pacientes deben ser tratados en Chile y con qué tratamiento. Además, se establecieron acuerdos para efectuar quimioprofilaxis de los pacientes con TB latente que tienen indicación de tratamiento inmunosupresor por enfermedades inflamatorias oculares.

https://doi.org/10.4067/s0716-10182023000300270

Avaliação de Disfunção Tiroideia e da Suplementação de Iodo na Pré-Conceção e Gravidez
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França, Ângela Santos

; Guimarães, Joana D.

; Dantas, Marta Escobar

; Duarte, Raquel A.

; Carvalhais, Fernanda

Gazeta Médica

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jun 2023, Volume 10 N. 2 Pages 88 - 94

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract Introduction: Pregnancy represents a period of increased demand for thyroid hormones. Thyroid function evaluation is indicated during preconception/pregnancy, particularly if there is previous thyroid pathology or residence in a place with iodine deficiency. Iodine supplementation is safe in the presence of a normal value of thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) and in the absence of thyroid pathology. Moreover, this evaluation allows early detection of thyroid dysfunction, minimizing the clinical risk in pregnancy. The aim of this study is to evaluate the performance in primary care regarding the evaluation of thyroid function, iodine supplementation and approach to thyroid pathology in pregnancy. Material and Methods: This study was analytical, observational and cross-sectional. The sample consists of pregnant women followed in four primary health care units, whose children were born between February 2019 and January 2020. Results: Of the 264 pregnant women included, 34.8% had a preconception consultation. A percentage of 90.9% of the pregnant women had no history of thyroid pathology. The TSH was measured in 49.6% and it was prescribed iodine supplementation in 89.2%. Three cases of hypothyroidism and one of hyperthyroidism were diagnosed. Most of the pregnant women with previous pathology was referred to the hospital, except for one woman with goiter. Conclusion: In primary care the approach to thyroid dysfuntion should be systematized and standardized given the particularities of, namely, iodine supplementation and hospital referral. Pre-conception consultation is essential in cases of previous known pathology. It would be desirable to have an updated national guideline to standardize procedures in this area.

Resumo Introdução: A gravidez representa um período de maior necessidade de hormonas tiroideias. A avaliação da função tiroideia está indicada na pré-conceção/gravidez, nomeadamente se houver patologia prévia da tiroide ou residência em local com défice de iodo. Na ausência de patologia tiroideia e havendo um valor normal de hormona tiroestimulante (TSH), é seguro iniciar suplementação com iodo. Além disso, esta avaliação permite deteção precoce de disfunção tiroideia, minimizando o risco clínico na gravidez. O objetivo deste trabalho é avaliar a atuação nos cuidados primários, relativa à avaliação da função tiroideia, à suplementação com iodo e abordagem de patologia da tiroide na gravidez. Material e Métodos: Estudo analítico, observacional e transversal. A amostra é constituída por grávidas seguidas em consulta de saúde materna em quatro Unidades de Saúde Familiar, cujos filhos nasceram entre fevereiro/2019 e janeiro/2020. Resultados: Das 264 grávidas incluídas, verificamos que 34,8% realizou consulta pré-concecional. Na amostra estudada, 90,9% das gestantes não apresentavam antecedentes de patologia tiroideia, tendo sido doseada a TSH em 49,6% e instituída suplementação com iodo em 89,2%. Foram diagnosticados três hipotiroidismos e um hipertiroidismo. As grávidas com patologia prévia foram referenciadas à consulta hospitalar, à exceção de uma mulher com bócio. Conclusão: A avaliação da disfunção tiroideia deve ser sistematizada na prática clínica pelas particularidades na sua abordagem, nomeadamente na suplementação de iodo e na referenciação hospitalar. A consulta de pré-conceção é essencial nos casos de patologia prévia. Seria desejável uma norma atualizada e que uniformizasse procedimentos nesta área.

https://doi.org/10.29315/gm.v1i1.632

Test de la variabilidad en las condiciones de accesibilidad urbana ofrecida por el sistema de transporte público en Manizales (Colombia)
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Montoya, Jorge A.

; Escobar, Diego A.

; Moncada, Carlos A.

Información tecnológica

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apr 2023, Volume 34 N. 2 Pages 99 - 110

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen: Esta investigación tiene como objetivo realizar un análisis comparativo del crecimiento y cobertura del sistema de transporte público colectivo urbano de la ciudad de Manizales (Colombia) en los años 2010, 2015 y 2021. Se aplican modelos geoestadísticos como base metodológica, complementados con análisis de cobertura y cambio relativo de la oferta. Los resultados muestran que la valoración de accesibilidad tiene un incremento en tiempo de viaje entre los años 2010 y 2015, evidenciando un estancamiento en la expansión del sistema de transporte. Se observa un salto importante en la cobertura de transporte público entre el 2015 y 2021, este salto se podría argumentar por las intervenciones viales generadas en la ciudad. Se concluye que las dinámicas de cobertura y acceso ofertadas por un sistema de transporte público colectivo urbano pueden verse afectadas por las dinámicas de crecimiento urbano si no se realizan intervenciones sustanciales y pertinentes.

Abstract: The primary goal of this research study is to perform a comparative analysis of the growth and coverage of the urban public transport system in the city of Manizales (Colombia) between the years 2010, 2015, and 2021. Geostatistical models are applied as a methodological basis, complemented with coverage and supply change analyses. The results show an increase in travel time between 2010 and 2015, suggesting stagnation in the expansion of the transportation system. There is a significant leap in public transport coverage between 2015 and 2021, which may be explained by transport infrastructure improvements in the city. It is concluded that the dynamics of coverage and access offered by an urban public transport system may be affected by the dynamics of urban growth if substantial and relevant interventions are not made.

https://doi.org/10.4067/s0718-07642023000200099

La evaluación auténtica como herramienta para evidenciar el logro de competencias en la carrera de psicología
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Escobar, Bertha A.

; Escandón-Nagel, Neli I.

; Barrera-Herrera, Ana L.

; García-Hormazábal, Ricardo A.

Formación universitaria

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apr 2023, Volume 16 N. 2 Pages 35 - 48

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen: El principal objetivo de este estudio es describir una estrategia de evaluación auténtica como herramienta para evaluar el logro de competencias en la formación de psicólogos. Se realiza una evaluación de ciclo online en 14 estudiantes de una universidad chilena, usando un análisis de caso validado por jueces expertos. Los resultados muestran el logro de dos competencias, diagnóstico e intervención en psicología, con un mejor desempeño en la competencia de intervención. Los resultados del test de entrada y salida muestran que la mayoría (85.7%) de los estudiantes tenía expectativas favorables sobre su desempeño. Se sugiere que se deben reforzar contenidos asociados a la psicología del desarrollo, tales como el desarrollo cognitivo y afectivo. Se concluye que la carrera de psicología y las universidades deben avanzar en la evaluación de competencias por medio de evaluaciones auténticas, además del logro progresivo del perfil de egreso, a fin de asegurar la calidad en la enseñanza impartida.

Abstract: The primary purpose of this study is to describe an authentic assessment strategy, as a tool, to examine the achievement of competencies in the training of psychologists. An online cycle assessment is conducted to survey 14 students from a Chilean university by using a case analysis validated by expert judges. The results show the achievement of two competencies, diagnosis and intervention in psychology, having best performance in intervention. The entry and exit tests reveal that the majority (87.6%) of students have favorable expectations on their performances. The results show that content associated with developmental psychology, such as cognitive and affective development, should be reinforced. It is concluded that psychology degree programs and universities should improve the evaluation of competencies through authentic assessments, in addition to examining progressive achievements of graduate profiles, to accomplish high teaching quality standards.

Acute lichenoid and varioliform pityriasis in a pediatric patient
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Marín-Hernández, Eduardo

; Escobar-García, Laura N.

; Contreras, Martha G.

; Valero-Gómez, Alfredo

; Siordia-Reyes, Georgina A.

Boletín médico del Hospital Infantil de México

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apr 2023, Volume 80 N. 2 Pages 144 - 151

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen Introducción: La pitiriasis liquenoide y varioliforme aguda (PLEVA) es una dermatosis poco frecuente, de etiopatogenia desconocida y evolución autolimitada. Es más común en pacientes pediátricos y adultos jóvenes, y está caracterizada por la presencia de múltiples placas eritematoescamosas pequeñas o grandes, diseminadas en el tronco y las extremidades. Caso clínico: Se describe el caso de un escolar de 5 años, de sexo masculino, previamente sano, que presentó múltiples cuadros de lesiones eritematosas que desaparecían dejando máculas hipopigmentadas. La biopsia reportó cambios histológicos sugestivos de micosis fungoide. Se realizó una segunda revisión de laminillas, identificando vasculitis linfocítica con necrosis epidérmica focal, consistente con pitiriasis liquenoide aguda. Conclusiones: El conocimiento acerca de la PLEVA carece de un consenso que especifique su clasificación, etiopatogenia, diagnóstico y tratamiento, por lo que esta condición clínica representa un desafío médico. El diagnóstico se realiza por sospecha clínica y se confirma por histología. El objetivo de este artículo fue reportar un caso de PLEVA con presentación atípica por los hallazgos histopatológicos, siendo este el primer reporte de vasculitis linfocítica en niños, y además se realiza una revisión de la literatura.

Abstract Background: Pityriasis lichenoides et varioliformis acuta (PLEVA) is a rare dermatosis recognized as a benign condition of unknown etiopathogenesis. It is more common in pediatric patients and young adults and is characterized by multiple small or large erythematous plaques spread over the trunk and extremities. Case report: We describe the case of a 5-year-old male, previously healthy, with multiple erythematous lesions that disappeared leaving hypopigmented macules. The biopsy reported histological changes suggestive of mycosis fungoides. After a second revision of lamellae in this hospital, lymphocytic vasculitis (LV) with focal epidermal necrosis consistent with acute pityriasis lichenoides (PL) was identified. Conclusions: The existing knowledge about PLEVA lacks a consensus in specifying its classification, etiopathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment, so this clinical condition represents a medical challenge. The diagnosis is made by clinical suspicion and confirmed by histology. The objective of this article was to report a case of PLEVA with an atypical presentation due to its histopathological findings, being the first report showing LV in children, as well as a review of the literature.

https://doi.org/10.24875/bmhim.22000043

Accesibilidad espacial a los servicios de atención médica usando el método E2SFCA: caso de estudio del Área Metropolitana Centro Occidente en Colombia
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Márquez, María C.

; Escobar, Diego A.

; Moncada, Carlos A.

Información tecnológica

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feb 2023, Volume 34 N. 1 Pages 129 - 140

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract: The present research study aims to assess spatial accessibility conditions in relation to health care services, based on indicators of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD). Geospatial location of health care services available is obtained for the Central West Metropolitan Area (AMCO, in Spanish) in Colombia, which includes the city of Pereira, capital of the State of Risaralda, and its neighboring municipalities of Dosquebradas and La Virginia. The assessment is performed by applying the enhanced two-step floating catchment area (E2SFCA) method. The results show that most health services are concentrated in Pereira, which has 86.90% of all beds available in the State of Risaralda-only three healthcare service providers are not located in this city. It is concluded that the number of average beds and medics per one thousand inhabitants should be calculated by considering both population distribution and the location of health care services.

Resumen: La presente investigación tiene como objetivo analizar las condiciones de accesibilidad espacial en relación con los servicios de atención médica, basados en los indicadores de la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económicos (OCDE). Se realiza una localización geoespacial de los servicios de atención médica del Área Metropolitana Centro Occidente (AMCO) en Colombia, incluye la ciudad de Pereira, capital del Departamento de Risaralda, y los municipios de Dosquebradas y La Virginia. El análisis se hace mediante el método mejorado de área de captación flotante de dos pasos (E2SFCA, en inglés). Los resultados muestran que los servicios de atención médica están concentrados en Pereira, con el 86.90% de las camas del Departamento de Risaralda; únicamente tres de los servicios de atención médica no están situados en esta ciudad. Se concluye que el promedio de camas y de médicos por cada mil habitantes debe ser calculado considerando la distribución de la población y la localización de los servicios de atención médica.

10.

Tasa de recurrencia e implicación del margen quirúrgico en la supervivencia del paciente con melanoma acral. ¿Es necesario un margen amplio?
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Lino-Silva, Leonardo S.

; Hernández-Romero, Raúl

; García-Herrera, Juan S.

; Zepeda-Najar, César

; Salcedo-Hernández, Rosa A.

; León-Takahashi, Alberto M.

; Escobar-Jiménez, Marín G.

; Herrera-Gómez, Ángel

Gaceta médica de México

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feb 2023, Volume 159 N. 1 Pages 38 - 43

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen Introducción: La extensión apropiada de los márgenes de resección en el melanoma acral no está claramente establecida. Objetivo: Investigar si la escisión con margen estrecho es adecuada en el melanoma acral grueso. Métodos: Se estudiaron 306 pacientes con melanoma acral. Conforme a la extensión del margen quirúrgico (de 1 a 2 cm y > 2 cm), se analizaron los factores asociados a la recurrencia y la supervivencia. Resultados: De 306 pacientes, 183 fueron mujeres (59.8 %). La mediana del grosor de Breslow fue 6 mm; 224 casos (73.2 %) fueron de tipo ulcerados, 154 pacientes (50.3 %) tenían enfermedad en estadio clínico III, 137 en II (44.8 %) y 15 en IV (4.9 %). Todos los casos presentaron margen negativo, con una mediana de 31.5 mm. Un grosor de Breslow de 7 mm (p = 0.001) y la etapa clínica III (p = 0.031) se asociaron a recurrencia; los factores asociados a la supervivencia fueron el índice de Breslow (p = 0.047), la ulceración (p = 0.003), la etapa clínica avanzada (p < 0.001) y el uso de adyuvancia (p = 0.003). Conclusión: Un margen de resección de 1 a 2 cm no afectó la recurrencia tumoral ni la supervivencia en los pacientes con melanoma acral.

Abstract Introduction: Appropriate size of resection margins in acral melanoma is not clearly established. Objective: To investigate whether narrow-margin excision is appropriate for thick acral melanoma. Methods: Three-hundred and six patients with acral melanoma were examined. Factors associated with recurrence and survival were analyzed according to surgical margin size (1 to 2 cm and > 2 cm). Results: Out of 306 patients, 183 were women (59.8%). Median Breslow thickness was 6 mm; 224 cases (73.2%) were ulcerated, 154 patients (50.3%) had clinical stage III disease, while 137 were at stage II (44.8%) and 15 at stage IV (4.9%). All cases had negative margins, with a median of 31.5 mm. A Breslow thickness of 7 mm (p = 0.001) and clinical stage III (p = 0.031) were associated with recurrence; the factors associated with survival were Breslow index (p = 0.047), ulceration (p = 0.003), advanced clinical stage (p < 0.001), and use of adjuvant therapy (p = 0.003). Conclusion: A resection margin of 1 to 2 cm did not affect tumor recurrence or survival in patients with acral melanoma.

https://doi.org/10.24875/gmm.22000192

11.

Perspectives in Training and Professional Practice of Cardiac Surgery in Latin America
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Marin-Cuartas, Mateo

; Vervoort, Dominique

; Contreras, Juan Roberto

; Garcia-Villareal, Ovidio A.

; Escobar, Alejandro

; Ferrari, Javier

; Quintana, Eduard

; Sadaba, Rafael

; Mestres, Carlos A.

; Carosella, Victorio C.

; Almeida, Rui M. S.

; Dayan, Victor

Brazilian Journal of Cardiovascular Surgery

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feb 2023, Volume 38 N. 1 Pages 1 - 14

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Introduction: There is a lack of information about cardiac surgery training and professional practice in Latin American (LATAM) countries. This study is the first comparative analysis of cardiac surgical training and professional practice across LATAM and provides the fundamentals for future academic projects of the Latin American Association of Cardiac and Endovascular Surgery (LACES). Methods: International survey-based comparative analysis of the training and professional practice of cardiac surgeons across LATAM. Trainees (residents/fellows) and staf (graduated) surgeons from LATAM countries were included. Results: A total of 289 respondents (staf surgeons N=221 [76.5%]; residents/fellows N=68 [23.5%]) from 18 different countries participated in the survey. Most surgeons (N=92 [45.3%]) reported being unsatisfied with their salaries. Most respondents (N=181 [62.6%]) stated that it was difficult to obtain a leadership position, and 149 (73.8%) stated that it was difficult to find a job after completing training. Only half of the trainee respondents (N=32 [47.1%]) reported that their program had all resident spots occupied. Only 22.1% (N=15) of residents/fellows were satisfied with their training programs. The majority (N=205 [70.9%]) of respondents would choose cardiac surgery as their specialty again. Most surgeons (N=129 [63.9%]) and residents/fellows (N=52 [76.5%]) indicated that the establishment of a LATAM cardiac surgery board examination would be beneficial. Conclusion: Modernization and standardization of training, as well as greater access to opportunities, may be required in LATAM to increase professional satisfaction of cardiac surgeons and to reduce disparities in the specialty. Such changes may enhance the regional response to the dynamic challenges in the feld.

https://doi.org/10.21470/1678-9741-2022-0125

12.

Evaluation of bioactive compounds from medicinal plants used in Mexico, to predict potential SARS-CoV-2 inhibitors: Analysis between two molecular docking servers.
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Cárdenas-Hernández, E.

; Velázquez-Medina, E.G.

; Aguirre-Joya, J. A.

; Aguillón-Gutiérrez, D. R.

; Pedroza-Escobar, D.

; Ramírez-Guzmán, N.

; Aguilar, C. N.

; Torres-León, C.

Revista bio ciencias

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2023, Volume 10 elocation e1395

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

ABSTRACT Plants traditionally used for medicinal use could be an alternative against SARS-CoV-2. In this study, the binding energy of 10 bioactive compounds of plants used in Mexico against COVID-19 was evaluated by molecular docking with two online servers: COVID-19 Docking Server and DockThor. Remdesivir was used as a control. The results showed that Cypellocarpin B, Cypellocarpin C, Luteolin 7-glucoside, and Syringetin glucopyranoside showed the highest binding energy towards Mpro and RdRp proteins with respect to Remdesivir. The comparison of molecular docking servers showed differences in the docking motors and proteins available on each server. The bioactive compounds evaluated can act as potential inhibitors against Mpro and RdRp proteins of COVID-19, according to in silico molecular docking.

RESUMEN Las plantas utilizadas en la medicina tradicional podrían ser una alternativa frente al SARS-CoV-2. En este estudio se evaluó la energía de unión de los bioactivos de 10 plantas de uso en México contra la COVID-19 mediante acoplamiento molecular con dos servidores que están disponibles en línea: COVID-19 Docking Server y DockThor. Remdesivir se usó como control. Los resultados mostraron que Cypellocarpin B, Cypellocarpin C, Luteolin 7-glucoside y Syringetin glucopyranoside mostraron la mayor afinidad hacia las proteínas Mpro y RdRp con respecto a Remdesivir. La comparación de los servidores de acoplamiento molecular mostró diferencias en los motores de acoplamiento y las proteínas disponibles en cada servidor. Los compuestos bioactivos evaluados son capaces de actuar como inhibidores potenciales frente a las proteínas Mpro y RdRp de COVID-19 según el acoplamiento molecular in silico.

https://doi.org/10.15741/revbio.10.e1395

13.

Why do we need more research on pineapple (Ananas comosus L. Merr.)? A discussion based on a bibliometric review
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Villalobos, Daniela Polo

; Figueroa-Rodríguez, Katia A.

; Escobar-Gutiérrez, Abraham J.

Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura

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2023, Volume 45 elocation e-090

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

Abstract Pineapple is the most exported tropical fruit in the world in terms of volume. This study aimed to comprehensively analyze the scientific publications on pineapple, with an emphasis on the agricultural sciences. 7,885 documents published between 1893 and 2022 (February 22nd), 2,350 of which belonged to the agricultural sciences, were retrieved from the Scopus-indexed database to be analyzed using the word pineapple. VOSviewer software was used for a bibliometric network analysis using author keyword mapping. 78.2% of the documents were articles, with an increase in the volume of publications over time. The scientists were from 138 countries, with India, the United States, and Brazil accumulating 36.2% of the total number. The research has focused on topics such as chemistry, food technology (primarily juice), the use of pineapple as a medicinal plant, and the clinical benefits of its main enzyme (bromelain). Scientists in the chemical field reported more research than in the agricultural and biological areas due to the properties of the fruit. Our results indicate that few studies focus on rural extension or technology transfer to growers. More efforts should be made to help local pineapple growers improve their yields and attain a sustainable and more environmentally friendly approach to the production of this fruit.

Resumo O abacaxi é a fruta tropical mais exportada no mundo em termos de volume. Este estudo teve como objetivo analisar de forma abrangente as publicações científicas sobre abacaxi, com ênfase nas ciências agrárias. 7.885 documentos publicados entre 1893 e 2022 (22 de fevereiro), 2.350 dos quais pertencentes às ciências agrícolas, foram recuperados da base de dados indexada pelo Scopus, para serem analisados usando a palavra abacaxi. O software VOSviewer foi usado para uma análise bibliométrica da rede, usando o mapeamento de palavras-chave do autor. 78,2% dos documentos eram artigos, com aumento do volume de publicações ao longo do tempo. Os cientistas eram de 138 países, com Índia, Estados Unidos e Brasil acumulando 36,2% do total. A pesquisa enfocou temas como química, tecnologia de alimentos (principalmente sucos), uso do abacaxi como planta medicinal e benefícios clínicos de sua principal enzima (bromelina). Cientistas da área química relataram mais pesquisas do que nas áreas agrícola e biológica, devido às propriedades da fruta. Nossos resultados indicam que poucos estudos focam a extensão rural ou a transferência de tecnologia aos produtores. Mais esforços devem ser feitos para ajudar os produtores locais de abacaxi a melhorar seus rendimentos e a alcançar uma abordagem sustentável e mais ecológica para a produção dessa fruta.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0100-29452023090

14.

Estimación de la variabilidad de las condiciones de accesibilidad a lo largo del día según la franja horaria: el caso de la ciudad de Ibagué (Colombia)
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Zuluaga-Villermo, Juan G.

; Escobar, Diego A.

; Moncada, Carlos A.

Información tecnológica

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dec 2022, Volume 33 N. 6 Pages 71 - 82

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract: This research study seeks to compare the conditions of geographical accessibility on motor transport modes between two-time frames (peak hour and off-peak hour) to assess the possible relationship between them. Accessibility conditions may represent a specific time or a time frame and not the city’s overall state, depending on the moment the operating speed information is gathered. A direct comparison allows identifying changes in accessibility conditions according to existing infrastructural networks and the time frame examined. The results show city areas where accessibility conditions are more favorable during peak hour than during off-peak hour. It is concluded that defining transport schedules when making field measurements is an important parameter that must be considered to obtain unbiased results.

Resumen: La presente investigación busca comparar las condiciones de accesibilidad geográfica en modos motorizados de transporte entre dos franjas horarias (hora pico y hora valle) identificando la relación entre estas. Según el momento en el que se recolecte la información de velocidades en la vía es posible que las condiciones de accesibilidad representen un instante de tiempo o franja horaria y no el escenario general de la ciudad. Se realiza una comparación que permite identificar el cambio en dichas condiciones según la oferta infraestructural y la franja de tiempo estudiada. Como resultado, se identificaron las zonas de la ciudad en las que las condiciones de accesibilidad eran más favorables durante la hora pico que durante la hora valle. Se concluye que al momento de realizar mediciones en campo, la definición de los horarios de éstos se convierte en un parámetro importante que debe ser tenido en cuenta para no obtener un resultado sesgado.

15.

“Pit-tag” como marca permanente en Myotis chiloensis (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) y Tadarida brasiliensis (Chiroptera: Molossidae) en Chile central
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Escobar, Martín A. H.

; Puelma-Diez, Francisca

; Villaseñor, Nélida R.

Gayana (Concepción)

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dec 2022, Volume 86 N. 2 Pages 40 - 46

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

ABSTRACT Tracking and monitoring of bat populations have frequently involved the use of inappropriate marking methods. Due to their small size, passive integrated transponders (PIT-tag) provide a permanent mark for small vertebrate species through their sub-dermal implantation. However, few studies assess their effects on bats. Here we present the first study on the effect of PIT-tags on bats in Latin America. We evaluated the effect of the use of PIT-tag as a permanent mark on the recapture rate and body condition in Myotis chiloensis and Tadarida brasiliensis in central Chile. For both species, we marked a group of individuals with PIT-tag and left an equivalent group without a mark. In six surveys, between January and March 2019, we captured a total of 262 individuals, 176 corresponding to the species M. chiloensis and 86 to T. brasiliensis, with a total of 43 and 33 recaptures, respectively. The use of PIT-tag had no effect neither on the recapture rate nor body condition for both bat species. Although more investigations are required, our results suggested that the use of PIT-tag as a marking method is adequate and safe for this bat species and it could be implemented in long-term studies.

RESUMEN El seguimiento y monitoreo de poblaciones de murciélagos han involucrado con frecuencia el uso de métodos de marcaje inefectivos y poco seguros. Por su reducido tamaño, los transpondedores integrados pasivos (PIT-tag) permiten marcar especies de vertebrados pequeños de forma permanente mediante su implantación sub-dérmica. Sin embargo, existen escasos estudios que evalúen el efecto de estos dispositivos en murciélagos. Este es el primer estudio que analiza el efecto del marcaje con PIT-tag en especies de murciélagos en Latinoamérica. Evaluamos el efecto del uso de PIT-tag como marca permanente sobre la tasa de recaptura y la condición corporal de Myotis chiloensis y Tadarida brasiliensis en Chile central. Para esto marcamos un grupo de individuos con PIT-tag y dejamos un grupo equivalente sin marca en ambas especies. En seis campañas, entre enero y marzo de 2019, capturamos un total de 262 individuos, 176 correspondieron a la especie M. chiloensis y 86 a T. brasiliensis, con un total de 43 y 33 recapturas, respectivamente. El marcaje con PIT-tag no tuvo un efecto diferencial sobre la tasa de recaptura ni en la condición corporal de las especies de murciélagos. Aunque se requiere mayor investigación, nuestros resultados sugieren que el marcaje con PIT-tags es inofensivo y seguro para estas especies de murciélagos y puede ser implementado en estudios de largo plazo.

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