Abstract This study investigated the prevalence of possible bruxism and its association with social capital among undergraduates during the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. This cross-sectional study was conducted at a private university in Southern Brazil. Data were collected through a self-administered electronic questionnaire (Google Forms). Possible bruxism was measured using the following question: “Do you grind your teeth or clench your jaws?”. Social capital was evaluated using individual social networks. Data on self-perceived oral health, anxiety, sociodemographics, and information related to university graduates were also collected. Adjusted logistic regression models with a hierarchical approach were used to evaluate associations. The results are presented as odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CIs). Altogether, 345 undergraduates participated in the study, with a mean age of 21.8 years (standard deviation = 5.21). The prevalence of bruxism in the sample was 57.1%. Undergraduates with low social capital had 2.06 times greater odds of bruxism than their counterparts (OR 2.06; 95%CI 1.11–3.83). Female undergraduates (OR 2.40, 95%CI 1.39–4.12), those who were in the final year of university (OR 1.13, 95%CI 1.04–1.21), and those who perceived they needed dental treatment (OR 1.91; CI: 1.21–3.02) also had greater odds of possible bruxism. In conclusion, the prevalence of possible bruxism was high among undergraduate students during the COVID-19 pandemic and associated with lower social capital levels. Knowledge of these factors is important to identify risk groups and plan strategies to control bruxism in this population.

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar a influência da má oclusão na primeira infância na qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal (QVRSB). Métodos: Este estudo de coorte de 7 anos envolveu 639 pré-escolares (1 a 5 anos) que foram avaliados inicialmente em um levantamento transversal conduzido em 2010. As crianças completaram a versão brasileira do Child Perception Questionnaire (CPQ8-10) para avaliar sua QVRSB no período do acompanhamento. Variáveis exploratórias foram coletadas na linha de base, incluindo a presença e severidade de má oclusão (sobressaliência e cobertura labial). Características socioeconômicas, hábitos de saúde bucal e padrões de assistência odontológica também foram investigados. Um modelo de regressão de Poisson multinível foi utilizado para medir a associação entre má oclusão e QVRSB. Com essa abordagem, calculou-se a razão de taxa de incidência (IRR, incidence rate ratio) e o intervalo de confiança de 95% (IC 95%). Resultados: No total, 449 crianças foram reavaliadas (taxa de acompanhamento de 70,3%). A prevalência de sobressaliência acentuada e cobertura labial inadequada foi de 13,5% e 11,9%, respectivamente. A média±DP de pontuação do CPQ8-10 foi 10,57±10,32. A presença de selamento labial inadequado foi associada com maiores médias na pontuação total do CPQ8-10 (IRR 1,51; IC 95% 1,29-1,77) e nos domínios de bem-estar social, bem-estar emocional e limitação funcional. Crianças com sobressaliência acentuada (>3 mm) também demonstraram médias nas pontuações do CPQ8-10 total maiores do que suas contrapartes normais. A presença dessa condição também influenciou os domínios de sintomas bucais (IRR 1,29; IC 95% 1,08-1,53) e bem-estar emocional (IRR 1,30; IC 95% 1,02-1,66). Conclusão: Os resultados do presente estudo sugerem que a má oclusão na primeira infância é um fator de risco para baixa QVRSB no futuro.

ABSTRACT Objective: To assess the influence of early childhood malocclusion on oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). Methods: 7-year cohort study involving 639 preschoolers (1 to 5 years) who had been evaluated initially with a survey conduced in 2010. Children completed the Brazilian version of the Child Perception Questionnaire (CPQ8-10) to assess OHRQoL during the follow-up period. Exploratory variables were collected at baseline, including the presence and severity of malocclusion (overjet and lip coverage). Socioeconomic characteristics, oral health behavior, and patterns of dental attendance were also investigated. A multilevel Poisson regression model was used to fit the association between malocclusion and OHRQoL. With this approach, incidence rate ratio (IRR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were calculated. Results: A total of 449 children were re-evaluated (follow-up rate, 70.3%). The prevalence of accentuated overjet and inadequate lip coverage was 13.5% and 11.9%, respectively. The mean (±SD) CPQ8-10 score was 10.57±10.32. The presence of inadequate lip coverage was associated with higher overall mean CPQ8-10 scores (IRR 1.51; 95% CI 1.29-1.77), and social well-being, emotional well-being, and functional limitation domains. Children with accentuated overjet (>3mm) also demonstrated higher overall scores on the CPQ8-10 than their normal counterparts. The presence of this condition also influenced the oral symptom (IRR 1.29; 95% CI 1.08-1.53) and emotional well-being (IRR 1.30; 95% CI 1.02-1.66) domains. Conclusion: Results of the present study suggest that early childhood malocclusion is a risk factor for low OHRQoL in future.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar a administração da versão brasileira do questionário Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS), aplicado através de entrevista pessoal e por telefone. Uma amostra randomizada de 76 pais/responsáveis de crianças de até 6 anos de idade foi selecionada na Clínica de Odontopediatria da Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Brasil. Os pacientes foram selecionados aleatoriamente para 2 grupos diferentes, de acordo com a sequência de administração: E-T (Entrevista Pessoal-Telefone) e T-E (Telefone-Entrevista Pessoal). Dois entrevistadores aplicaram o questionário ECOHIS com um intervalo de 2 semanas entre os métodos. A confiabilidade entre as seções dos diferentes métodos de administração foi avaliada pelo Alfa de Cronbach e Coeficiente de Correlação Intraclasse (ICC). Houve diferenças nas médias do ECOHIS entre os métodos de entrevista pessoal e telefone. No entanto, os valores de Alfa de Cronbach foram entre 0,94-0,96 e ICC entre 0,91-0,93, mostrando valores aceitáveis. O gráfico de Blant-Altman confirmou os resultados dos testes de confiabilidade, suportando a acurácia dos métodos. Embora exista uma pequena diferença nos escores, o uso de ambos os métodos de administração do ECOHIS produz dados confiáveis quando um único método é utilizado do início até o final do estudo. Os resultados forneceram evidências para usar tanto entrevista pessoal quanto por telefone como métodos de administração do ECOHIS.

Abstract The aim of this study was to compare the administration of the Brazilian version of Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS) questionnaire, applied by face-to-face and telephone format. A randomized sample of 76 parents/guardians of children up to 6 years old was selected in a Pediatric Dentistry Clinic of the Federal University of Santa Maria, Brazil. Patients were randomly selected for 2 different groups, according to administration sequence: F-T (Face-to-face-Telephone) and T-F (Telephone-Face-to-face). Two interviewers administered the ECOHIS questionnaire with 2 week interval between the methods. The reliability between sections of the different methods of administration was assessed by Cronbach's alpha and Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC). There were differences in means of the ECOHIS between face-to-face and telephone methods. However, the value Cronbach's alpha were between 0.94-0.96, and value ICC ranged from 0.91-0.93, proving to be acceptable values. The Bland-Altman plots confirmed the results of reliability tests, supporting the accuracy of the methods. Although there is a slight difference in the scores, the use of both mode of administration of the ECOHIS yields reliable data when single method is used from the beginning to the end of the study. The results provided evidence to use either Face-to-face or Telephone method of administration of the ECOHIS

Abstract The aim of this study was to assess trends in traumatic crown injuries (TCIs), their prevalence, and association with socioeconomic and clinical factors in preschool children over a 5-year period. A series of cross-sectional surveys was conducted in Santa Maria, Brazil, on children attending a National Day of Children’s Vaccination. The same protocol was used in all surveys conducted in 2008, 2010, and 2013. Clinical examinations were performed to evaluate types of traumatic crown injuries using the O’brien index. A semi-structured questionnaire was answered by the parents. It provided information about several socioeconomic factors as well as the parents’ perception of their child’s oral health. The chi-square for trends test was used to verify changes in TCI prevalence throughout the years. The association between socioeconomic and clinical factors with TCI was assessed by the Poisson regression analysis. A total of 1,640 children were examined. The prevalence of TCIs decreased significantly from 2008 to 2013 (10.12%; p < 0.001). Central incisors were the most vulnerable to injury, independent of the year. Moreover, older children and those with inadequate lip coverage were more likely to present with some traumatic dental injury (p < 0.001). prevalence of traumatic crown injuries decreased following the years, however TCI remain an important subject to consider when planning oral health policies.

Resumo Este estudo transversal avaliou a influência da raça/etnia na qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde bucal (QVRSB) de crianças brasileiras. O processo de amostragem aleatório selecionou uma amostra representativa de 1.134 crianças de 12 anos de idade de escolas públicas de Santa Maria, uma cidade do sul do Brasil. Os participantes foram examinados por 4 clínicos calibrados (valor mínimo de Kappa para concordância inter-examinador de 0,8) e a versão brasileira reduzida do questionário Child Perception Questionnaire (CPQ 11-14) foi aplicada a cada um. Os pais ou responsáveis pelos crianças responderam a questões relacionadas à suas características demográficas e socioeconômicas. As associações foram analisadas utilizando modelos multiníveis com regressão de Poisson. Crianças de grupos étnico/raciais minoritários tiveram pior QVRSB. O escore médio do CPQ 11-14 foi 1,08 maior para crianças não-brancos do que o escore dos seus pares. Os domínios "Bem-Estar Social" e "Bem-Estar Emocional" foram os mais afetados para crianças não-brancos, com escores médios significativamente maiores quando comparados aos crianças brancos (RR 1,19, 95% IC, 1,07-1,33; e RR 1,14; 95% IC 1,04-1,24). Essa associação permaneceu significante mesmo após ajustes por covariáveis individuais e contextuais. Disparidades na QVRSB são prevalentes entre crianças de grupos étnico/raciais minoritários. Crianças não-brancas tiveram pior QVRSB comparados aos crianças brancos.

This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the influence of race/ethnicity on Brazilian children' oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL). A multistage random sampling selected a representative sample of 1,134 twelve-years-old children from public schools of Santa Maria, a city in Southern Brazil. Participants were examined by 4 calibrated clinicians (minimum Kappa-value for inter-examiner agreement of 0.8) and the Brazilian short version of the Child Perceptions Questionnaire (CPQ11-14) was administered. The children's parents or guardians answered questions regarding their demographics and socioeconomic status. Associations were analyzed using multilevel Poisson regression models. Children from racial/ethnic minority groups had poorer OHRQoL. The mean CPQ11-14 score was 1.08 times higher for non-white children than their white counterparts' score. "Social" and "Emotional well-being" were the most affected domains for non-white children, with significantly higher mean scores as compared to white children (RR 1.19, 95% CI, 1.07-1.33; and RR 1.14; 95% CI 1.04-1.24). This association remained significant even after adjusting for individual and contextual covariates. OHRQoL disparities are prevalent among children from racial/ethnic minority groups. Non-white children have lower OHRQoL compared to white children.