ABSTRACT Objective: We aimed to analyze the frequency of adherence to social distancing and individual protection measures of adult and older populations in two cities in southern Brazil and to characterize the sociodemographic aspects of these individuals. Methods: This cross-sectional, population-based study was conducted in the cities of Rio Grande, RS, and Criciúma, SC, Brazil. The outcome measure was the frequency of adherence to social distancing measures. Fisher's exact test (5% significance) was used to calculate the differences in prevalence according to exposure variables. Results: Among the 2,170 participants over the age of 18, the prevalence of adherence to social distancing was 18.5%. Adherence was significantly higher among women; older adults; single, divorced, or widowed people with a low educational level; people of lower socioeconomic status; and people affected by multiple chronic diseases. Conclusion: Approximately one in five respondents adhered to measures of social distancing, and adherence was more prevalent among the risk groups. Objective individuals Methods crosssectional, crosssectional cross sectional, sectional cross-sectional populationbased population based Grande RS Criciúma SC Fishers Fisher s 5% 5 (5 significance variables Results 2170 2 170 2,17 18 185 18.5% women adults single divorced level status diseases Conclusion groups ( 217 17 2,1 1 18.5 21 2, 18.

ABSTRACT Objective: To compare the glucose metabolism of patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection treated with direct-acting antivirals (DAAs) in pretreatment and sustained viral response (SVR) periods. Materials and methods: This was an intervention pre-post study of 273 patients with chronic hepatitis C virus infection treated with DAAs from March 2018 to December 2019. Glycidic metabolism was evaluated through homeostasis model assessment (HOMA) – insulin resistance (IR) and HOMA-β indices and assessments of insulinemia and HbA1c levels. These parameters were analyzed with a T test by paired comparison of the means of the variables and Wilcoxon's test paired for the median; in the variables with an abnormal distribution, the Z score was generated for the mean in both the pretreatment and SVR periods. Statistical significance was considered at p ≤ 0.05. Results: Among 273 participants, 125 (45.8%) had prediabetes, and 50 (18.3%) had diabetes. In SVR, there was a significant increase in platelets, albumin, alkaline phosphatase, cholesterol and triglycerides and a significant decrease in aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, gamma GT and bilirubin. The HOMA-IR and HOMA-β indices increased in SVR from 1.95 to 2.29 (p = 0.087) and 71.20 to 82.60 (p = 0.001), respectively. Insulinemia increased from 7.60 μU/mL to 8.90 μU/mL (p = 0.011). HbA1c decreased from 5.6 to 5.4 (p < 0.001). Among patients with prediabetes and those with diabetes, the reduction in HbA1c values was significant (p = 0.006 and p = 0.026, respectively). Conclusion: SVR significantly impacts and leads to improvement in glucose metabolism in patients with chronic liver disease induced by hepatitis C virus. Objective directacting direct acting (DAAs (SVR periods methods prepost pre post 27 201 2019 HOMA (HOMA IR (IR HOMAβ β HbAc HbA c levels Wilcoxons Wilcoxon s median distribution 005 0 05 0.05 Results participants 12 45.8% 458 45 8 (45.8% 5 18.3% 183 18 3 (18.3% diabetes platelets albumin phosphatase aminotransferase bilirubin HOMAIR 195 1 95 1.9 229 2 29 2.2 0.087 0087 087 7120 71 20 71.2 8260 82 60 82.6 0.001, 0001 0.001 , 001 0.001) respectively 760 7 7.6 μUmL μU mL 890 90 8.9 0.011. 0011 0.011 . 011 0.011) 56 6 5. 54 4 0.001. 0006 006 0.00 0026 026 0.026 respectively) Conclusion 00 0.0 45.8 (45.8 18.3 (18.3 19 9 1. 22 2. 0.08 008 08 712 71. 826 82. 000 76 7. 89 8. 0.01 01 002 02 0.02 0. 45. (45. 18. (18. (45 (18 (4 (1 (

Abstract To investigate factors associated with poor sleep quality. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019 with random sampling. Information on sleep was obtained using the Mini Sleep Questionnaire (MSQ). Independent variables included sociodemographic, behavioural, academic and psychological health characteristics. Adjusted analyzes were performed using Poisson regression. A total of 996 undergraduate students participated in the study. The poor sleep quality affected 23.1% of the sample (95%CI 20.5-25.9), ranging from 13.4% for those with little concern about violence in the neighbourhood to 36.5% for those with less social support. In the adjusted analysis, female sex [PR] 1.81; (95%CI 1.33-2.45), concern about violence in the neighbourhood [PR] 2.21; (95%CI 1.48-3.28), discrimination at university [PR] 1.42; (95%CI 1.08-1.86) and food insecurity [PR] 1.45; (95%CI 1.11-1.89) were associated with the presence of poor sleep quality, as well as having less social support and income and suffering psychological distress. The results highlight socioeconomic and mental health factors that affect sleep quality and demonstrate the need for reflection and interventions capable of minimizing this problem. crosssectional cross sectional 201 sampling MSQ. MSQ . (MSQ) sociodemographic behavioural characteristics regression 99 231 23 1 23.1 95%CI 95CI CI 95 20.525.9, 205259 20.5 25.9 , 20 5 25 9 20.5-25.9) 134 13 4 13.4 365 36 36.5 analysis PR [PR 1.81 181 81 1.332.45, 133245 1.33 2.45 33 2 45 1.33-2.45) 2.21 221 21 1.483.28, 148328 1.48 3.28 48 3 28 1.48-3.28) 1.42 142 42 1.081.86 108186 1.08 1.86 08 86 1.08-1.86 1.45 145 1.111.89 111189 1.11 1.89 11 89 1.11-1.89 distress problem (MSQ 23. 525 20.525.9 20525 205 20. 259 25. 20.5-25.9 13. 36. 1.8 18 8 332 1.332.45 13324 133 1.3 245 2.4 1.33-2.45 2.2 22 483 1.483.28 14832 148 1.4 328 3.2 1.48-3.28 14 081 1.081.8 10818 108 1.0 186 0 1.08-1.8 111 1.111.8 11118 1.1 189 1.11-1.8 52 20.525. 2052 20.5-25. 1. 1.332.4 1332 24 2. 1.33-2.4 1.483.2 1483 32 3. 1.48-3.2 1.081. 1081 10 1.08-1. 1.111. 1111 1.11-1. 20.525 20.5-25 1.332. 1.33-2. 1.483. 1.48-3. 1.081 1.08-1 1.111 1.11-1 20.52 20.5-2 1.332 1.33-2 1.483 1.48-3 1.08- 1.11- 20.5- 1.33- 1.48-

Resumo Investigar fatores associados a pior qualidade do sono. Estudo transversal realizado em 2019, com amostragem aleatória sistemática. Informações sobre sono foram obtidas através do Mini Sleep Questionaire (MSQ). Variáveis independentes incluíram características sociodemográficas, comportamentais, acadêmicas e de saúde psicológica. Análises ajustadas foram feitas com regressão de Poisson. Participaram 996 estudantes de graduação. A pior qualidade de sono atingiu 23,1% da amostra (IC95% 20,5-25,9), oscilando de 13,4% para os com pouca preocupação com violência no bairro a 36,5% para aqueles com menor suporte social. Na análise ajustada, sexo feminino [RP] 1,81; (IC95% 1,33-2,45), preocupação com violência no bairro [RP] 2,21; (IC95% 1,48-3,28), discriminação na universidade [RP] 1,42; (IC95% 1,08-1,86) e insegurança alimentar [RP] 1,45; (IC95% 1,11-1,89) associaram-se a presença de pior qualidade do sono, assim como ter menor suporte social e renda e apresentar sofrimento psicológico. Os resultados destacam fatores socioeconômicos e de saúde mental que interferem na qualidade do sono e demonstram a necessidade de reflexão e proposição de intervenções capazes de minimizar este problema. 2019 sistemática MSQ. MSQ . (MSQ) sociodemográficas comportamentais psicológica Poisson 99 graduação 231 23 1 23,1 IC95% IC95 IC (IC95 20,525,9, 205259 20,5 25,9 , 20 5 25 9 20,5-25,9) 134 13 4 13,4 365 36 36,5 ajustada RP [RP 1,81 181 81 1,332,45, 133245 1,33 2,45 33 2 45 1,33-2,45) 2,21 221 21 1,483,28, 148328 1,48 3,28 48 3 28 1,48-3,28) 1,42 142 42 1,081,86 108186 1,08 1,86 08 86 1,08-1,86 1,45 145 1,111,89 111189 1,11 1,89 11 89 1,11-1,89 associaramse associaram se psicológico problema 201 (MSQ 23, IC9 (IC9 525 20,525,9 20525 205 20, 259 25, 20,5-25,9 13, 36, 1,8 18 8 332 1,332,45 13324 133 1,3 245 2,4 1,33-2,45 2,2 22 483 1,483,28 14832 148 1,4 328 3,2 1,48-3,28 14 081 1,081,8 10818 108 1,0 186 0 1,08-1,8 111 1,111,8 11118 1,1 189 1,11-1,8 (IC 52 20,525, 2052 20,5-25, 1, 1,332,4 1332 24 2, 1,33-2,4 1,483,2 1483 32 3, 1,48-3,2 1,081, 1081 10 1,08-1, 1,111, 1111 1,11-1, 20,525 20,5-25 1,332, 1,33-2, 1,483, 1,48-3, 1,081 1,08-1 1,111 1,11-1 20,52 20,5-2 1,332 1,33-2 1,483 1,48-3 1,08- 1,11- 20,5- 1,33- 1,48-

Abstract This article aims to investigate the association between remote work and Back Pain during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to analyze this relationship according to the body mass index. Population-based, cross-sectional study carried in two cities in southern Brazil, in individuals aged 18 years and over. Data were collected through household interviews from October to January 2020/21. Outcomes: back pain (cervical, thoracic, lumbar/acute, chronic) and pain intensity. Exposure variable: remote work. For the analyses, Poisson regression with robust adjustment for variance was used, stratified by BMI (eutrophic vs overweight/obese), and restricted to those who had worked in the past month. 1,016 had worked during the pandemic, average 42 years old (SD = 14), varying from 18 to 93 years. Remote work was performed by 7.7% of the individuals. Prevalence of back pain: 25.6% (95%CI: 19.5 to 31.7%). Overweight/obese remote workers felt pain acute cervical pain PR = 2.82 (95%CI: 1.15 to 6.92); chronic low back PR = 1.85 (95%CI: 1.04 to 3.29); acute thoracic PR = 1.81(95%CI: 3.76 to 8.68) compared to those who did not work. About one in four remote workers reported back pain during of the COVID-19 pandemic. BMI proved to be an important moderator between outcomes and exposure variable.

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é investigar a associação entre trabalho remoto e dores nas costas durante a pandemia da COVID-19 e analisar essa relação segundo o índice de massa corporal. Estudo transversal de base populacional realizado em duas cidades no sul do Brasil em indivíduos acima de 18 anos. Dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas domiciliares entre outubro-janeiro de 2020-2021. Desfechos: dor nas costas (cervical, torácica, lombar/aguda, crônica) e intensidade da dor. Variável de exposição: trabalho remoto. Para as análises, foram utilizadas regressão de Poisson com ajuste robusto para variância, estratificadas pelo IMC (eutrófico vs. sobrepeso/obeso) e restritas àqueles que trabalharam no último mês. Durante a pandemia, 1.016 trabalharam, média 42 anos (DP = 14), entre 18 a 93 anos. Trabalho remoto foi realizado por 7,7% dos indivíduos. Prevalência de dor nas costas: 25.6% (IC95%:19,5 a 31,7%). Trabalhadores remotos com sobrepeso/obesidade sentiram dor aguda cervical RP = 2,82 (IC95%:1,15 a 6,92); torácica aguda RP = 1,81 (IC95%:3,76 a 8,68); lombar crônica RP = 1,85 (IC95%:1,04 a 3,29), comparados àqueles que não trabalharam. Cerca de um em cada quatro trabalhadores remotos reportou dor nas costas durante a pandemia. O IMC mostrou-se ser um importante moderador entre defechos e variável de exposição.

Abstract This article aims to investigate the association between remote work and Back Pain during the COVID-19 pandemic, and to analyze this relationship according to the body mass index. Population-based, cross-sectional study carried in two cities in southern Brazil, in individuals aged 18 years and over. Data were collected through household interviews from October to January 2020/21. Outcomes: back pain (cervical, thoracic, lumbar/acute, chronic) and pain intensity. Exposure variable: remote work. For the analyses, Poisson regression with robust adjustment for variance was used, stratified by BMI (eutrophic vs overweight/obese), and restricted to those who had worked in the past month. 1,016 had worked during the pandemic, average 42 years old (SD = 14), varying from 18 to 93 years. Remote work was performed by 7.7% of the individuals. Prevalence of back pain: 25.6% (95%CI: 19.5 to 31.7%). Overweight/obese remote workers felt pain acute cervical pain PR = 2.82 (95%CI: 1.15 to 6.92); chronic low back PR = 1.85 (95%CI: 1.04 to 3.29); acute thoracic PR = 1.81(95%CI: 3.76 to 8.68) compared to those who did not work. About one in four remote workers reported back pain during of the COVID-19 pandemic. BMI proved to be an important moderator between outcomes and exposure variable. COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 pandemic index Populationbased, Populationbased Population based, based Population-based crosssectional cross sectional Brazil 1 over 202021 2020 21 2020/21 Outcomes cervical, (cervical lumbaracute lumbar lumbar/acute intensity variable analyses used eutrophic overweight/obese, overweightobese overweight/obese , overweight obese overweight/obese) month 1016 016 1,01 4 SD 14, 14 14) 9 77 7 7.7 256 25 6 25.6 95%CI 95CI CI 95 (95%CI 195 5 19. 31.7%. 317 31.7% . 31 31.7%) Overweightobese Overweight 282 2 82 2.8 115 15 1.1 6.92 692 92 6.92) 185 85 1.8 104 04 1.0 3.29 329 3 29 3.29) 1.8195%CI 18195CI 1.81 81 1.81(95%CI 376 76 3.7 8.68 868 8 68 COVID1 COVID- 20202 202 2020/2 101 01 1,0 7. 25. 31.7 28 2. 11 1. 6.9 69 10 0 3.2 32 8195 181 37 3. 8.6 86 20 2020/ 1, 31. 6. 819 8.

Resumo O objetivo deste artigo é investigar a associação entre trabalho remoto e dores nas costas durante a pandemia da COVID-19 e analisar essa relação segundo o índice de massa corporal. Estudo transversal de base populacional realizado em duas cidades no sul do Brasil em indivíduos acima de 18 anos. Dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas domiciliares entre outubro-janeiro de 2020-2021. Desfechos: dor nas costas (cervical, torácica, lombar/aguda, crônica) e intensidade da dor. Variável de exposição: trabalho remoto. Para as análises, foram utilizadas regressão de Poisson com ajuste robusto para variância, estratificadas pelo IMC (eutrófico vs. sobrepeso/obeso) e restritas àqueles que trabalharam no último mês. Durante a pandemia, 1.016 trabalharam, média 42 anos (DP = 14), entre 18 a 93 anos. Trabalho remoto foi realizado por 7,7% dos indivíduos. Prevalência de dor nas costas: 25.6% (IC95%:19,5 a 31,7%). Trabalhadores remotos com sobrepeso/obesidade sentiram dor aguda cervical RP = 2,82 (IC95%:1,15 a 6,92); torácica aguda RP = 1,81 (IC95%:3,76 a 8,68); lombar crônica RP = 1,85 (IC95%:1,04 a 3,29), comparados àqueles que não trabalharam. Cerca de um em cada quatro trabalhadores remotos reportou dor nas costas durante a pandemia. O IMC mostrou-se ser um importante moderador entre defechos e variável de exposição. COVID19 COVID 19 COVID-1 corporal 1 outubrojaneiro outubro janeiro 20202021. 20202021 2020 2021. 2021 2020-2021 Desfechos cervical, (cervical lombaraguda lombar/aguda exposição análises variância eutrófico vs sobrepeso/obeso sobrepesoobeso sobrepeso obeso mês 1016 016 1.01 4 DP 14, 14 , 14) 9 77 7 7,7 256 25 6 25.6 IC95%19,5 IC95195 IC IC95% 19,5 IC95 5 (IC95%:19, 31,7%. 317 31,7% . 31 31,7%) sobrepesoobesidade obesidade 282 2 82 2,8 IC95%1,15 IC95115 1,15 15 (IC95%:1,1 6,92 692 92 6,92) 181 81 1,8 IC95%3,76 IC95376 3,76 3 76 (IC95%:3,7 8,68 868 8 68 8,68) 185 85 IC95%1,04 IC95104 1,04 04 (IC95%:1,0 3,29, 329 3,29 29 3,29) mostrouse mostrou se COVID1 COVID- 2020202 202 2020-202 101 01 1.0 7, 25. IC95%19, IC9519 195 19, IC9 (IC95%:19 31,7 28 2, IC95%1,1 IC9511 115 1,1 (IC95%:1, 6,9 69 1, IC95%3,7 IC9537 376 3,7 (IC95%:3, 8,6 86 IC95%1,0 IC9510 104 1,0 0 32 3,2 202020 20 2020-20 10 1. IC95%19 IC951 (IC95%:1 31, IC95%1, 11 6, IC95%3, IC953 37 3, (IC95%:3 8, 20202 2020-2 IC95%1 (IC95%: IC95%3 2020- (IC95% (IC95 (IC9 (IC

RESUMO Objetivo: Investigar a prevalência e os fatores associados ao risco de suicídio em estudantes do ensino médio de uma instituição federal de ensino do Rio Grande do Sul (IFRS). Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado com base em um censo de estudantes (n=510) matriculados no IFRS, Campus Rio Grande, no segundo semestre de 2019. Os dados foram coletados por meio de questionário autoaplicável. O risco de suicídio foi medido com o instrumento Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview e a análise dos dados foi conduzida por meio de regressão de Poisson com ajuste robusto da variância. Resultados: A prevalência do risco alto de suicídio foi de 17,3% (intervalo de confiança — IC95% 14,0–20,0), tendo como fatores independentemente associados: sexo feminino, maior nível socioeconômico, consumo de álcool, menor suporte social, tentativa de perder peso, comportamento autolesivo e maior risco de depressão, ansiedade e estresse. Conclusões: Um em cada seis estudantes apresentou elevado risco de suicídio. A identificação dos fatores associados ao desfecho é útil para identificar os casos mais graves e encaminhá-los para atendimento especializado.

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the prevalence and factors associated with suicide risk among high school students from a federal educational institution in Rio Grande do Sul (IFRS). Methods: This is a cross-sectional study based on a census of students (n=510) enrolled in IFRS, campus Rio Grande, in the second half of 2019. Data were collected through a self-administered questionnaire. Suicide risk was measured with the instrument Mini-International Neuropsychiatric Interview, and data were analyzed using Poisson regression with robust variance adjustment. Results: The prevalence of high suicide risk was 17.3% (95% confidence interval — 95%CI 14.0–20.0), with the following independent associated factors: female gender, higher socioeconomic status, alcohol consumption, less social support, attempt to lose weight, self-harm behavior, and increased risk of depression, anxiety, and stress. Conclusions: One in six students showed a high suicide risk. The identification of factors associated with the outcome is useful for detecting the most severe cases and referring them to specialized care.

Abstract To investigate factors associated with poor sleep quality. A cross-sectional study was conducted in 2019 with random sampling. Information on sleep was obtained using the Mini Sleep Questionnaire (MSQ). Independent variables included sociodemographic, behavioural, academic and psychological health characteristics. Adjusted analyzes were performed using Poisson regression. A total of 996 undergraduate students participated in the study. The poor sleep quality affected 23.1% of the sample (95%CI 20.5-25.9), ranging from 13.4% for those with little concern about violence in the neighbourhood to 36.5% for those with less social support. In the adjusted analysis, female sex [PR] 1.81; (95%CI 1.33-2.45), concern about violence in the neighbourhood [PR] 2.21; (95%CI 1.48-3.28), discrimination at university [PR] 1.42; (95%CI 1.08-1.86) and food insecurity [PR] 1.45; (95%CI 1.11-1.89) were associated with the presence of poor sleep quality, as well as having less social support and income and suffering psychological distress. The results highlight socioeconomic and mental health factors that affect sleep quality and demonstrate the need for reflection and interventions capable of minimizing this problem.

Resumo Investigar fatores associados a pior qualidade do sono. Estudo transversal realizado em 2019, com amostragem aleatória sistemática. Informações sobre sono foram obtidas através do Mini Sleep Questionaire (MSQ). Variáveis independentes incluíram características sociodemográficas, comportamentais, acadêmicas e de saúde psicológica. Análises ajustadas foram feitas com regressão de Poisson. Participaram 996 estudantes de graduação. A pior qualidade de sono atingiu 23,1% da amostra (IC95% 20,5-25,9), oscilando de 13,4% para os com pouca preocupação com violência no bairro a 36,5% para aqueles com menor suporte social. Na análise ajustada, sexo feminino [RP] 1,81; (IC95% 1,33-2,45), preocupação com violência no bairro [RP] 2,21; (IC95% 1,48-3,28), discriminação na universidade [RP] 1,42; (IC95% 1,08-1,86) e insegurança alimentar [RP] 1,45; (IC95% 1,11-1,89) associaram-se a presença de pior qualidade do sono, assim como ter menor suporte social e renda e apresentar sofrimento psicológico. Os resultados destacam fatores socioeconômicos e de saúde mental que interferem na qualidade do sono e demonstram a necessidade de reflexão e proposição de intervenções capazes de minimizar este problema.

Abstract Introduction There are several negative impacts on the physical and mental health of people presenting internet addiction, including development of mood disorders, such as depression. Objective The aim of the study was to evaluate the association between internet addiction and depressive symptoms, as well as to test the mediating role of physical activity in this association. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted with undergraduate students from three universities (one private and two public institutions) in southern Brazil. Depressive symptoms were measured with the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-21), internet addiction with the Internet Addiction Test (IAT-20), and physical activity with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ – short version). Poisson regression and the Karlson-Holm-Breen mediation method were used for statistical analyses. Results We observed a dose-response relationship between internet addiction and depressive symptoms. Levels of physical activity mediated the association between moderate internet addiction and depressive symptoms, accounting for 10.7% of the effect observed. Conclusion Internet addiction can be detrimental to individuals’ health, contributing to development of depressive symptoms. Along with psychological and pharmacological therapies, prescription of physical activities is recommended. disorders depression crosssectional cross sectional one institutions Brazil BDI21, BDI21 BDI 21 , (BDI-21) IAT20, IAT20 IAT 20 (IAT-20) IPAQ version. version . version) KarlsonHolmBreen Karlson Holm Breen analyses doseresponse dose response 107 10 7 10.7 individuals therapies recommended BDI2 2 (BDI-21 IAT2 (IAT-20 1 10. (BDI-2 (IAT-2 (BDI- (IAT- (BDI (IAT

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to verify the association between the degree of wisdom and the level of leisure-time physical activity (PA) of students from a federal public school in southern Brazil. Observational cross-sectional study with 462 young people of both sexes between 15 and 18 years old. Data collection was performed using a self-administered questionnaire on the REDCap platform. The independent variable was the “level of leisure PA” (inactive, insufficiently active, and physically active) and the outcome was the “degree of wisdom” evaluated through a validated questionnaire (SD-WISE7). There was a linear trend towards an increase in the wisdom score according to the level of PA. This trend and significant association continued in the adjusted analysis, with active students averaging 1.84 points more in the wisdom score compared to inactive students. In conclusion, the wisest young people are also the most physically active young people. In view of the potential beneficial effects, current studies may consider wisdom as a possible mediator of PA with health outcomes. leisuretime time (PA Brazil crosssectional cross sectional 46 1 old selfadministered self administered platform inactive, (inactive SDWISE7. SDWISE7 SDWISE SD WISE7 . WISE (SD-WISE7) analysis 184 84 1.8 conclusion effects outcomes 4 (SD-WISE7 8 1. (SD-WISE

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a associação entre o grau de sabedoria e o nível de atividade física de lazer (AF) de alunos de uma escola pública federal do sul do Brasil. Estudo observacional de corte transversal com 462 jovens de ambos os sexos entre 15 e 18 anos de idade. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de um questionário autoaplicável na plataforma REDCap. A variável independente foi o “nível de AF de lazer” (inativo, insuficientemente ativo e ativo fisicamente) e o desfecho foi a “grau de sabedoria” avaliados por meio de questionários validados. Observou-se tendência linear de aumento do escore de sabedoria conforme o nível de AF. Essa tendência e associação significativa se manteve na análise ajustada, com os ativos tendo em média 1.84 pontos a mais no escore de sabedoria em comparação aos inativos. Em conclusão, os jovens mais sábios também são os jovens mais ativos fisicamente. Tendo em vista os potenciais efeitos benéficos, os estudos atuais podem considerar a sabedoria como um possível mediador da AF com desfechos em saúde. (AF Brasil 46 1 idade REDCap inativo, inativo (inativo fisicamente validados Observouse Observou ajustada 184 84 1.8 inativos conclusão benéficos saúde 4 8 1.

Resumo Introdução O consumo de suplementos alimentares vem aumentando e se popularizando, especialmente em conjunto com a prática de atividade física. Objetivo Investigar o uso de suplementos alimentares combinado com a prática de atividades físicas em universitários do extremo sul do Brasil. Método Estudo de delineamento transversal realizado em uma universidade pública de Rio Grande/RS, com uma amostra de 1.401 universitários. Resultados 29,7% (IC95%: 27,3-32,1) dos universitários relataram o uso de algum tipo de suplemento alimentar ao praticar atividades físicas. Os suplementos que predominaram foram: Whey Protein (79%), Maltodextrina (48%) e isotônicos (45%). As principais fontes de orientação para o uso de suplementos foram amigos e outros praticantes de academias. A análise multivariável apontou que atuais participantes de academias têm uma probabilidade 158% maior de usar suplementos em comparação a não participantes de atividades físicas em academias. Outros grupos associados ao uso de suplementos foram: universitários do sexo masculino, jovens entre 20 e 29 anos, com maior renda familiar e consumidores de álcool. Conclusão Um em cada três estudantes universitários já consumiu suplementos alimentares, e tal conduta pode estar disseminada nos espaços das academias, sem maior detalhamento dos cuidados e das necessidades para individuais para o uso.

Background Background The consumption of dietary supplements has been increasing and becoming popular, especially combined with the practice of physical activity. Objective The aim of the study was to investigate the use of dietary supplements combined with the practice of physical activities in university students in the extreme south of Brazil. Method A cross-sectional study conducted at a public university in Rio Grande/Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil), with a sample of 1,401 university students. Results A total of 29.7% (95% CI: 27.3-32.1) of university students reported having used some kind of dietary supplement when practicing physical activities. The predominant supplements were: Whey Protein (79%), Maltodextrin (48%) and isotonic (45%). The main sources of guidance for using supplements were friends and other practitioners of fitness centers. The multivariate analysis showed that current gym center users are 158% more likely to use supplements compared to non-participants in physical activities at such centers. Other groups associated with the use of supplements were: male college students, young people from 20 to 29 years of age, with higher family income and alcohol users. Conclusion One in three college students have already used dietary supplements and such behavior may be widespread in gyms, without further details on the care and needs for using them.

Abstract Objective: To assess the prevalence of excessive use of social media and associated factors, as well as possible health consequences in high school students in southern Brazil. Methods: This is a population-based cross-sectional study, conducted with high school students in the city of Rio Grande, RS. All students who were attending high school at the Federal Institute of Rio Grande do Sul, campus Rio Grande, were eligible for this research in the second semester of 2019. In total, 513 students participated in the study. The dependent variable was excessive use of social media, defined as more than five hours per day. Descriptive and bivariate analyses were carried out and the Poisson regression was used to verify associations, with robust adjustment of variance. Results: The prevalence of students who reported excessive use of social media was 35.9%. The groups that were most susceptible to excessive use of social media had the following profile: female, black/brown skin, aged between 18 and 20 years old, attending the first year of high school. Excessive use of social media was shown to be associated with smoking, risk of depression, anxiety and stress, high risk of suicide and drug use. Conclusions: More than a third of students used social media excessively. This behavior was associated with negative health outcomes. Objective factors Brazil Methods populationbased population based crosssectional cross sectional study RS Sul 2019 total 51 day associations variance Results 359 35 9 35.9% profile female blackbrown black brown skin 1 2 old smoking depression stress Conclusions excessively outcomes 201 5 3 35.9 35.

Resumo Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência do uso excessivo de redes sociais e identificar os seus fatores associados em estudantes do ensino médio do Sul do Brasil. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo transversal de base populacional. Foram elegíveis para esta pesquisa todos os estudantes que estavam cursando o ensino médio no Instituto Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, campus Rio Grande, no 2º semestre de 2019. No total, 513 alunos participaram do estudo. A variável dependente deste estudo foi o uso excessivo de redes sociais, definido como mais de cinco horas por dia. Foram realizadas análises descritivas e bivariadas e, para verificar as associações, foi utilizada a regressão de Poisson, com ajuste robusto da variância. Resultados: A prevalência de estudantes que relataram uso excessivo de redes sociais foi de 35,9%. Os grupos mais suscetíveis a usar excessivamente as redes sociais foram: sexo feminino, cor de pele preta/parda e faixa etária entre 18 e 20 anos. Houve associação entre uso excessivo de redes sociais com tabagismo, risco de depressão, ansiedade e estresse, risco elevado de suicídio e uso de drogas. Conclusões: Mais de um terço dos estudantes usava em excesso as redes sociais. Esse comportamento esteve associado com desfechos negativos em saúde. Objetivo Brasil Métodos Tratase Trata se populacional º 2019 total 51 dia associações Poisson variância Resultados 359 35 9 35,9% foram feminino pretaparda preta parda 1 2 anos tabagismo depressão estresse drogas Conclusões saúde 201 5 3 35,9 35,

Abstract: There is an increasing interest in the application of micronucleus (MN) assays in the clinical setting to investing the impact of environmental, genetic, life style and socioeconomic conditions on DNA. However, the evaluation of mutagenic damage among young population had not been studied and early intervention in this population can prevent several health comorbidities. Thus, the present study aimed in investigate the MN presence in young adults and its associated factors. This is a cross-sectional study, composed by 155 young adults (between 18 to < 30-year-old) of both sexes. The socioeconomic and life style data was collected through a semi-structured questionnaire. Oral exfoliated cells were collected to evaluate the frequency of MN cells. Socioeconomic conditions and life style factors were not associated with the presence of MN. Twenty percent of the participants reported some chronic noncommunicable disease and almost twelve percent reports continued use of medication, both variables present a risk factor to prevalence of MN. Although mutagenesis is a process generally more related to older individuals, this study highlights the importance of monitored DNA damage between young adults and promote healthy habits to prevent the development and worse prognosis of chronic non-transmissible diseases and the consequent use of drugs.

Resumen: Existe un interés creciente en la aplicación de ensayos de micronúcleos (MN) en el entorno clínico para invertir el impacto de las condiciones ambientales, genéticas, de estilo de vida y socioeconómicas en el ADN. Sin embargo, no se ha estudiado la evaluación del daño mutagénico en población joven y la intervención temprana en esta población puede prevenir varias comorbilidades de salud. Así, el presente estudio tuvo como objetivo investigar la presencia de MN en adultos jóvenes y sus factores asociados. Se trata de un estudio transversal, compuesto por 155 adultos jóvenes (entre 18 y <30 años) de ambos sexos. Los datos socioeconómicos y de estilo de vida se recopilaron mediante un cuestionario semiestructurado. Se recolectaron células exfoliadas orales para evaluar la frecuencia de células MN. Las condiciones socioeconómicas y los factores del estilo de vida no se asociaron con la presencia de MN. El veinte por ciento de los participantes reportó alguna enfermedad crónica no transmisible y casi doce por ciento reportaron uso continuado de medicación, ambas variables presentan un factor de riesgo para la prevalencia de NM. Si bien la mutagénesis es un proceso generalmente más relacionado con las personas mayores, este estudio destaca la importancia de monitorear el daño del ADN entre los adultos jóvenes y promover hábitos saludables para prevenir el desarrollo y peor pronóstico de enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles y el consecuente uso de medicamentos.

Resumo Introdução embora tenhamos avançado nos estudos sobre o consumo de crack, é importante o conhecimento das características dos usuários que buscam tratamento nas diferentes modalidades assistenciais para transtornos relacionados ao uso de substâncias para planejar a operacionalização desses dispositivos. Objetivo analisar a prevalência e os fatores associados ao uso de crack em pacientes em tratamento de modalidade clínico-ambulatorial. Método estudo transversal, com análise dos prontuários dos pacientes do período de 1999 a 2015 de um ambulatório de dependência química no Sul do Brasil. Para análise dos dados foi realizado o teste exato de Fisher e regressão de Poisson. Resultados foram analisados os prontuários de 1.253 pacientes, dos quais 1.196 (95,5%) continham informações sobre o uso de crack. O uso de crack foi relatado por 47% (IC 95% [44, 50]) dos pacientes. O grupo de risco consistiu em adultos de 20 a 39 anos, sem renda, com três ou mais filhos, que não consumiam álcool ou usavam maconha, que tinham acompanhamento familiar contínuo, que buscavam espontaneamente o serviço, que já haviam sido internados em hospital ou feito acompanhamento em comunidade terapêutica ou centro psicossocial. Conclusão existe uma grande demanda no atendimento ambulatorial de pacientes que usam crack. É imprescindível que os fatores de risco orientem o planejamento do tratamento.

Abstract Background Despite the advance in studies addressing the use of crack cocaine, knowledge about the characteristics of users that seek treatment in the different modalities of care for substance use disorders is important to plan the operationalization of these services. Objective To analyze the prevalence and factors associated with the use of crack cocaine in outpatients. Method Cross-sectional study consisting in the analysis of the medical records of outpatients of a chemical dependency clinic located in the south of Brazil from 1999 to 2015. The Fisher’s exact test and the Poisson regression model were used to analyze the data. Results Medical records from 1,253 patients were analyzed, and 1,196 (95.5%) of them contained information on the use of crack cocaine. Use of this substance was reported by 47% (95% CI [44, 50]) of the outpatients. The risk group was composed of adults aged 20-39 years, with no income, who had three or more children, did not consume alcohol or marijuana, had continuous family assistance, spontaneously looked for the service, and had already been hospitalized or assisted at a therapeutic community or psychosocial center. Conclusion There is great demand for the outpatient care of crack cocaine users. It is crucial that the risk factors guide treatment planning.

Cesarean section was developed to reduce maternal-fetal morbidity and mortality, however when performed without scientific evidence it is associated with complications. This study analyses the temporal trend and factors associated with cesarean section in Brazil, its regions and Federation Units between 2000 and 2017. Ecological study. The prevalence of cesarean sections and maternal variables were identified from the Information System on Live Births. The Prais-Winsten method was used for time series analysis. In the whole period there were 53.497.303 births in Brazil, 48.4% by cesarean section. Between 2000 and 2009, the mean cesarean section in Brazil increased from 39.7% (SD 9.8) to 53% (SD 9.4) between 2010 and 2017 with an annual variation of 1.7 p.p (95%CI 1.6; 1.8). There is stability between 2010 and 2017, with a slight decline from 2015 in the Southeast region with an annual variation of -0.9 (95%CI -1.5; 0.0). It is observed that the caesarean section has remained stable in most macro-regions and even decreasing in the southeast and in the group of women with higher education, not adolescents and better prenatal coverage. It is believed that Brazil has reached the plateau in the prevalence of cesarean section (60%) in most states and in the next years there is a decrease in these prevalences.

Resumo: O Brasil tem a segunda maior prevalência ajustada para idade da doença de Alzheimer no mundo. Entretanto, são escassas as informações sobre internações hospitalares por doença de Alzheimer no Brasil, apesar dos impactos econômicos e sociais da doença. O artigo descreve as tendências temporais nas internações hospitalares relacionadas à doença de Alzheimer no Brasil entre 2010 e 2019. Realizamos um estudo de séries temporais, retrospectivo, descritivo e de base nacional, usando dados DATASUS do Ministério da Saúde. As internações, média de dias de internação e custos econômicos das hospitalizações foram extraídos para os anos de 2010 a 2019. As internações hospitalares por doença de Alzheimer aumentaram em 87,7% entre 2010 e 2019, com os maiores aumentos entre homens (97,4%), pardos (224%), indivíduos com 80 anos ou mais (115,1%) e as regiões Nordeste (172,1%) e Centro-oeste (144,2%). Embora as médias de dias de internação tenham diminuído em todos os subgrupos, foi observada uma tendência temporal crescente nas internações na Região Centro-oeste. O custo por hospitalização aumentou para pacientes de 50 anos ou menos e nas internações relacionadas aos serviços de emergência. Em comparação às outras doenças crônicas não transmissíveis, a doença de Alzheimer mostrou o maior aumento no número absoluto e taxa de internações hospitalares no Brasil entre 2010 e 2019. A doença de Alzheimer é um problema de saúde pública no Brasil. São necessárias estratégias para reduzir a carga da doença, porém só serão eficazes se forem acompanhadas por maior igualdade e conscientização em relação a essa doença.

Abstract: Brazil has the second highest age-standardized prevalence of Alzheimer’s disease worldwide. However, information about Alzheimer’s disease-related hospitalizations in Brazil is scarce despite its economic and social impact. We described temporal trends in hospitalizations related to Alzheimer’s disease in Brazil from 2010 to 2019. We conducted a time-series, retrospective, descriptive, national-based study using data from the DATASUS database of the Brazilian Ministry of Health. Hospitalizations, mean days hospitalized, and economic costs from those hospitalizations were extracted from 2010 to 2019. Hospitalizations by Alzheimer’s disease increased 87.7% from 2010 to 2019, with greater increase among men (97.4%), mixed ethnicity (224%), 80 years or older (115.1%), and in the Northeast (172.1%) and Central West (144.2%) regions. Although mean days hospitalized decreased in all subgroups, an increasing time trend in hospital admission was observed in the Central West Region. Costs per hospitalization increased for patients aged 50 years or younger and in admissions related to emergency services. Compared with other non-communicable chronic diseases, Alzheimer’s disease had the highest increase in absolute number and rate of hospitalizations in Brazil from 2010 to 2019. AD is a public health problem in Brazil. Strategies to reduce its burden are necessary but only if accompanied by greater equality and awareness of this disease.

Resumen: Brasil cuenta con la segunda prevalencia más alta por edad estandarizada de enfermedad de Alzheimer en todo el mundo. No obstante, la información sobre las hospitalizaciones relacionadas con la enfermedad de Alzheimer en Brasil es escasa, pese a su impacto económico y social. Describimos las tendencias temporales en hospitalizaciones relacionadas con la enfermedad de Alzheimer en Brasil, desde 2010 a 2019. Realizamos un estudio de series temporales, retrospectivo, descriptivo, de base nacional, usando datos procedentes del DATASUS del Ministerio de Salud de Brasil. Las hospitalizaciones, la media de días hospitalizados, y los costes económicos de estas hospitalizaciones se extrajeron desde 2010 a 2019. Las hospitalizaciones por enfermedad de Alzheimer se incrementaron un 87,7%, desde 2010 a 2019, con un incremento más grande entre hombres (97,4%), origen étnico mixto (224%), 80 años o mayores (115,1%), y en las regiones del Nordeste (172,1%) y Centro-oeste (144,2%). A pesar de que la media de días hospitalizados decreció en todos los subgrupos, se observó una tendencia creciente en el tiempo respecto a las admisiones hospitalarias en la Región del Centro-oeste. El coste económico por hospitalización se incrementó en el caso de pacientes con 50 años o más jóvenes en las admisiones relacionadas con los servicios de emergencia. Comparado con otras enfermedades crónicas no transmisibles, la enfermedad de Alzheimer tuvo el incremento más alto en el número absoluto y tasa de hospitalizaciones en Brasil desde 2010 a 2019. La enfermedad de Alzheimer es un problema de salud público en Brasil. Las estrategias para reducir su carga son necesarias pero solamente si están acompañadas de una mayor equidad y concienciación sobre esta enfermedad.