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Resumo Os mamíferos são organismos carismáticos que desempenham um papel fundamental na função ecológica e nos serviços ecossistêmicos, como polinização, dispersão de sementes, ciclagem de nutrientes e controle de pragas. O Estado de São Paulo representa apenas 3% do território brasileiro, mas detém 33% da diversidade de mamíferos. A maior parte de seu território é dominado pela agricultura, pastagens e áreas urbanas que afetam diretamente a diversidade e a persistência dos mamíferos na paisagem. Além disso, São Paulo possui o maior porto da América Latina e o maior reservatório de petróleo costeiro do Brasil, com 600 km de extensão de litoral com diversas espécies de mamíferos marinhos. Essas infraestruturas afetam a diversidade, distribuição, ecologia e o futuro dos mamíferos no estado. Aqui, respondemos cinco perguntas principais: 1) Qual é a diversidade de mamíferos silvestres no Estado de São Paulo? 2) Onde eles ocorrem? 3) Qual é o seu impacto positivo e negativo no bem-estar humano? 4) Como os mamíferos persistem em paisagens modificadas pelo homem? 5) Qual é o futuro dos mamíferos no estado? O estado de São Paulo possui 255 espécies de mamíferos nativos, com quatro espécies endêmicas, duas delas globalmente ameaçadas de extinção. Pelo menos seis espécies (dois marsupiais, ariranha, veado-campeiro, veado-cambuta e tatu-canastra) foram extirpadas do estado devido à caça e perda de habitat. O intenso uso humano da terra no estado forçou muitas espécies de mamíferos a mudar sua dieta para lidar com a intensa fragmentação e agricultura. A monocultura em larga escala facilitou a invasão de espécies exóticas, como porcos selvagens (javaporco) e a lebre europeia. Várias espécies de áreas abertas estão expandindo suas áreas de distribuição (lobo-guará, veado-catingueiro) sobre áreas desmatadas e provavelmente refletem mudanças em direção a um clima mais seco. Como o estado possui o maior sistema rodoviário do Brasil, cerca de 40 mil mamíferos de 33 espécies são mortos por ano em colisões, causando um prejuízo econômico de 12 milhões de dólares/ano. A diversidade de mamíferos está concentrada nos maiores remanescentes florestais da Serra do Mar e no interior do Estado, principalmente nas regiões de Ribeirão Preto e Jundiaí. As lacunas amostrais estão concentradas em todo o interior do estado, principalmente na região noroeste. Os mamíferos silvestres desempenham um papel fundamental em muitos serviços ecossistêmicos, mas também podem ser uma preocupação em trazer novas doenças emergentes para as populações humanas. Embora a taxonomia de mamíferos pareça ser bem conhecida, mostramos que novas espécies estão sendo continuamente descobertas no estado. Portanto, pesquisas usando tecnologias tradicionais e novas (eDNA, iDNA, drones), monitoramento populacional de longo prazo, a investigação da interface do conflito homem-vida selvagem e a compreensão do papel único no ecossistema desempenhado pelos mamíferos são um caminho futuro para promover uma paisagem verde sustentável aliada ao bem-estar humano no estado. O plantio de corredores florestais ou de cerrado, principalmente junto aos principais sistemas fluviais, no planalto, o controle da caça ilegal nas áreas costeiras, o manejo dos regimes de fogo no Cerrado e a mitigação dos atropelamentos devem ser uma prioridade para proteger essa notável diversidade de mamíferos.

Abstract Mammals are charismatic organisms that play a fundamental role in ecological functions and ecosystem services, such as pollination, seed dispersal, nutrient cycling, and pest control. The state of São Paulo represents only 3% of the Brazilian territory but holds 33% of its mammalian diversity. Most of its territory is dominated by agriculture, pastures, and urban areas which directly affect the diversity and persistence of mammals in the landscape. In addition, São Paulo has the largest port in Latin America and the largest offshore oil reservoir in Brazil, with a 600 km stretch of coastline with several marine mammal species. These human-made infrastructures affect the diversity, distribution, ecology, and the future of mammals in the state. Here, we answer five main questions: 1) What is the diversity of wild mammals in São Paulo state? 2) Where are they? 3) What is their positive and negative impact on human well-being? 4) How do mammals thrive in human-modified landscapes? 5) What is the future of mammals in the state? The state of São Paulo holds 255 species of native mammals, with four endemic species, two of them globally endangered. At least six species (two marsupials, Giant otter, Pampas deer, Brazilian dwarf brocket deer, and Giant armadillo) were extirpated from the state due to hunting and habitat loss. The intense human land use in the state forced many mammalian species to change their diet to cope with the intense fragmentation and agriculture. Large-scale monoculture has facilitated the invasion of exotic species such as wild boars (javali) and the European hare. Several “savanna-dwelling” species are expanding their ranges (Maned wolf, Brocket deer) over deforested areas and probably reflect changes towards a drier climate. Because the state has the largest road system, about 40,000 mammals from 33 species are killed per year in collisions causing an economic loss of 12 million dollars/year. The diversity of mammals is concentrated in the largest forest remnants of Serra do Mar and in the interior of the State, mainly in the regions of Ribeirão Preto and Jundiaí. Sampling gaps are concentrated throughout the interior of the state, particularly in the northwest region. Wild mammals play a fundamental role in many ecosystem services, but they can also be a concern in bringing new emergent diseases to humans. Although the taxonomy of mammals seems to be well known, we show that new species are continuously being discovered in the state. Therefore, continuous surveys using traditional and new technologies (eDNA, iDNA, drones), long-term population monitoring, investigation of the interface of human-wildlife conflict, and understanding of the unique ecosystem role played by mammals are future avenues for promoting sustainable green landscapes allied to human well-being in the state. The planting of forest or savanna corridors, particularly along with major river systems, in the plateau, controlling illegal hunting in the coastal areas, managing fire regimes in the Cerrado, and mitigating roadkill must be prioritized to protect this outstanding mammal diversity.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1676-0611-bn-2022-1363

Leaf extract of Coffea arabica L. reduces lipid peroxidation and has anti-platelet effect in a rat dyslipidemia model
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Simões, Mario Henrique Souza

; Salles, Bruno Cesar Correa

; Duarte, Stella Maris da Silveira

; Silva, Marcelo Aparecido da

; Viana, André Luiz Machado

; Moraes, Gabriel de Oliveira Isaac de

; Figueiredo, Sonia Aparecida

; Ferreira, Eric Batista

; Rodrigues, Maria Rita

; Paula, Fernanda Borges de Araújo

Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

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2022, Volume 58 elocation e19562

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant potential of the Coffea arabica Lineu (L.) leaf extract and its effects on platelet aggregation of dyslipidemic rats. The extract was obtained by the percolation of C. arabica L. leaves in hydroethanolic solution 70% (v/v). The mass spectrometry FIA-ESI-MS² suggested the presence of chlorogenic acid, rutin acid, and quinic acid. The DPPH• radicals scavenging capacity was demonstrated (IC50 = 0.06 mg/mL). The extract was administered to rats by gavage (300 mg/kg/day) for 56 days. Dyslipidemia was induced by administering Triton WR-1339 (300 mg/kg body weight) on the 54th day. On day 56, blood was collected by puncturing the abdominal aorta artery and the aortic artery was removed. Lipid profile, markers of renal and hepatic injury, lipid peroxidation, and platelet aggregation tests were carried out. The ingestion of extract reduced the lipid peroxidation (aorta and plasma) and platelet aggregation in dyslipidemic rats. The extract did not affect markers of renal and hepatic function as analyzed in this study, suggesting neither impaired liver nor kidney function in these animals. Therefore, our results demonstrate that the extract of leaves of C. arabica L. show antioxidant potential in vitro and in vivo as well as anti-platelet aggregation in dyslipidemic animals.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s2175-97902022e19562

Use and misuse of biomarkers and the role of D-dimer and C-reactive protein in the management of COVID-19: A post-hoc analysis of a prospective cohort study
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Gonçalves, Fabio Augusto Rodrigues

; Besen, Bruno Adler Maccagnan Pinheiro

; Lima, Clarice Antunes de

; Corá, Aline Pivetta

; Pereira, Antônio José Rodrigues

; Perazzio, Sandro Félix

; Gouvea, Christiane Pereira

; Fonseca, Luiz Augusto Marcondes

; Trindade, Evelinda Marramon

; Sumita, Nairo Massakazu

; Duarte, Alberto José da Silva

; Lichtenstein, Arnaldo

; Bonfa, Eloisa

; Utiyama, Edivaldo M.

; Segurado, Aluisio C.

; Perondi, Beatriz

; Miethke-Morais, Anna

; Montal, Amanda C.

; Harima, Leila

; Fusco, Solange R. G.

; Silva, Marjorie F.

; Rocha, Marcelo C.

; Marcilio, Izabel

; Rios, Izabel Cristina

; Kawano, Fabiane Yumi Ogihara

; Jesus, Maria Amélia de

; Kallas, Ésper George

; Carmo, Carolina

; Tanaka, Clarice

; Souza, Heraldo Possolo de

; Marchini, Julio F. M.

; Carvalho, Carlos

; Ferreira, Juliana C.

; Levin, Anna Sara Shafferman

; Oliveira, Maura Salaroli

; Guimarães, Thaís

; Lázari, Carolina dos Santos

; Sabino, Ester

; Magri, Marcello M. C.

; Barros-Filho, Tarcisio E. P.

; Francisco, Maria Cristina Peres Braido

; Costa, Silvia F.

Clinics

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2021, Volume 76 elocation e3547

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

OBJECTIVE: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with high mortality among hospitalized patients and incurs high costs. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection can trigger both inflammatory and thrombotic processes, and these complications can lead to a poorer prognosis. This study aimed to evaluate the association and temporal trends of D-dimer and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels with the incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE), hospital mortality, and costs among inpatients with COVID-19. METHODS: Data were extracted from electronic patient records and laboratory databases. Crude and adjusted associations for age, sex, number of comorbidities, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score at admission, and D-dimer or CRP logistic regression models were used to evaluate associations. RESULTS: Between March and June 2020, COVID-19 was documented in 3,254 inpatients. The D-dimer level ≥4,000 ng/mL fibrinogen equivalent unit (FEU) mortality odds ratio (OR) was 4.48 (adjusted OR: 1.97). The CRP level ≥220 mg/dL OR for death was 7.73 (adjusted OR: 3.93). The D-dimer level ≥4,000 ng/mL FEU VTE OR was 3.96 (adjusted OR: 3.26). The CRP level ≥220 mg/dL OR for VTE was 2.71 (adjusted OR: 1.92). All these analyses were statistically significant (p<0.001). Stratified hospital costs demonstrated a dose-response pattern. Adjusted D-dimer and CRP levels were associated with higher mortality and doubled hospital costs. In the first week, elevated D-dimer levels predicted VTE occurrence and systemic inflammatory harm, while CRP was a hospital mortality predictor. CONCLUSION: D-dimer and CRP levels were associated with higher hospital mortality and a higher incidence of VTE. D-dimer was more strongly associated with VTE, although its discriminative ability was poor, while CRP was a stronger predictor of hospital mortality. Their use outside the usual indications should not be modified and should be discouraged.

https://doi.org/10.6061/clinics/2021/e3547

Evaluation of mesalazine polymeric conjugate in the treatment of actinic proctitis in rats
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Nunes, Vinícius Rodrigues Taranto

; Vidigal, Paula Vieira Teixeira

; Pereira, Márcio Tadeu

; Ladeira, Luís Carlos Duarte

; Caliari, Marcelo Vidigal

; Oliveira, Fabrício Marcus Silva

; Cesar, Aina Liz Alves

; Faraco, André Augusto Gomes

; Barbuto, Rafael Calvão

; Duval-Araujo, Ivana

Acta Cirúrgica Brasileira

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2021, Volume 36 N. 8 elocation e360805

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT Purpose: The present study aimed at testing a new formulation of mesalazine linked to chondroitin sulfate and its components alone in the treatment of actinic proctitis in rats. Methods: Forty-seven female Wistar rats were submitted to pelvic radiation and divided into eight groups: control A, mesalazine A, chondroitin A, and conjugate A, gavage of the according substance two weeks after irradiation and sacrifice three weeks after oral treatment; control C, mesalazine C, chondroitin C, and conjugate C, sacrifice six weeks after oral treatment. The rectum was submitted to histological characterization for each of the findings: inflammatory infiltrate, epithelial degeneration, mucosal necrosis, and fibrosis. Results: The inflammatory infiltrate was more intense in chondroitin A, mesalazine A, and conjugate C. The collagen deposition was less intense in chondroitin A, and mesalazine A, and more intense in control C. Conclusions: Mesalazine and chondroitin alone were efficacious in inducing a delayed inflammatory response, hence reducing the late fibrosis. The conjugate was able to induce an ever more delayed inflammatory response.

https://doi.org/10.1590/acb360805 195 downloads

Persistent symptoms and decreased health-related quality of life after symptomatic pediatric COVID-19: A prospective study in a Latin American tertiary hospital
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Fink, Thais T.

; Marques, Heloisa H.S.

; Gualano, Bruno

; Lindoso, Livia

; Bain, Vera

; Astley, Camilla

; Martins, Fernanda

; Matheus, Denise

; Matsuo, Olivia M.

; Suguita, Priscila

; Trindade, Vitor

; Paula, Camila S.Y.

; Farhat, Sylvia C.L.

; Palmeira, Patricia

; Leal, Gabriela N.

; Suzuki, Lisa

; Odone Filho, Vicente

; Carneiro-Sampaio, Magda

; Duarte, Alberto José S.

; Antonangelo, Leila

; Batisttella, Linamara R.

; Polanczyk, Guilherme V.

; Pereira, Rosa Maria R.

; Carvalho, Carlos Roberto R.

; Buchpiguel, Carlos A.

; Latronico, Ana Claudia

; Seelaender, Marilia

; Silva, Clovis Artur

; Pereira, Maria Fernanda B.

; Sallum, Adriana M. E.

; Brentani, Alexandra V. M.

; Neto, Álvaro José S.

; Ihara, Amanda

; Santos, Andrea R.

; Canton, Ana Pinheiro M.

; Watanabe, Andreia

; Santos, Angélica C. dos

; Pastorino, Antonio C.

; Franco, Bernadette D. G. M.

; Caruzo, Bruna

; Ceneviva, Carina

; Martins, Carolina C. M. F.

; Prado, Danilo

; Abellan, Deipara M.

; Benatti, Fabiana B.

; Smaria, Fabiana

; Gonçalves, Fernanda T.

; Penteado, Fernando D.

; Castro, Gabriela S. F. de

; Gonçalves, Guilherme S.

; Roschel, Hamilton

; Disi, Ilana R.

; Marques, Isabela G.

; Castro, Inar A.

; Buscatti, Izabel M.

; Faiad, Jaline Z.

; Fiamoncini, Jarlei

; Rodrigues, Joaquim C.

; Carneiro, Jorge D. A.

; Paz, Jose A.

; Ferreira, Juliana C.

; Ferreira, Juliana C. O.

; Silva, Katia R.

; Bastos, Karina L. M.

; Kozu, Katia

; Cristofani, Lilian M.

; Souza, Lucas V. B.

; Campos, Lucia M. A.

; Silva Filho, Luiz Vicente R. F.

; Sapienza, Marcelo T.

; Lima, Marcos S.

; Garanito, Marlene P.

; Santos, Márcia F. A.

; Dorna, Mayra B.

; Aikawa, Nadia E.

; Litvinov, Nadia

; Sakita, Neusa K.

; Gaiolla, Paula V. V.

; Pasqualucci, Paula

; Toma, Ricardo K.

; Correa-Silva, Simone

; Sieczkowska, Sofia M.

; Imamura, Marta

; Forsait, Silvana

; Santos, Vera A.

; Zheng, Yingying

Clinics

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2021, Volume 76 elocation e3511

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

OBJECTIVES: To prospectively evaluate demographic, anthropometric and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in pediatric patients with laboratory-confirmed coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) METHODS: This was a longitudinal observational study of surviving pediatric post-COVID-19 patients (n=53) and pediatric subjects without laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 included as controls (n=52) was performed. RESULTS: The median duration between COVID-19 diagnosis (n=53) and follow-up was 4.4 months (0.8-10.7). Twenty-three of 53 (43%) patients reported at least one persistent symptom at the longitudinal follow-up visit and 12/53 (23%) had long COVID-19, with at least one symptom lasting for >12 weeks. The most frequently reported symptoms at the longitudinal follow-up visit were headache (19%), severe recurrent headache (9%), tiredness (9%), dyspnea (8%), and concentration difficulty (4%). At the longitudinal follow-up visit, the frequencies of anemia (11% versus 0%, p=0.030), lymphopenia (42% versus 18%, p=0.020), C-reactive protein level of >30 mg/L (35% versus 0%, p=0.0001), and D-dimer level of >1000 ng/mL (43% versus 6%, p=0.0004) significantly reduced compared with baseline values. Chest X-ray abnormalities (11% versus 2%, p=0.178) and cardiac alterations on echocardiogram (33% versus 22%, p=0.462) were similar at both visits. Comparison of characteristic data between patients with COVID-19 at the longitudinal follow-up visit and controls showed similar age (p=0.962), proportion of male sex (p=0.907), ethnicity (p=0.566), family minimum monthly wage (p=0.664), body mass index (p=0.601), and pediatric pre-existing chronic conditions (p=1.000). The Pediatric Quality of Live Inventory 4.0 scores, median physical score (69 [0-100] versus 81 [34-100], p=0.012), and school score (60 [15-100] versus 70 [15-95], p=0.028) were significantly lower in pediatric patients with COVID-19 at the longitudinal follow-up visit than in controls. CONCLUSIONS: Pediatric patients with COVID-19 showed a longitudinal impact on HRQoL parameters, particularly in physical/school domains, reinforcing the need for a prospective multidisciplinary approach for these patients. These data highlight the importance of closer monitoring of children and adolescents by the clinical team after COVID-19.

https://doi.org/10.6061/clinics/2021/e3511

Extensive Myocardial Calcification in a Heart Transplant Patient
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Duarte, Sasha B. C. P.

; Mangini, Sandrigo

; Avila, Monica S.

; Montemor, Marcelo L.

; Bacal, Fernando

Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia

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jan 2020, Volume 114 N. 1 Pages 133 - 135

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.36660/abc.20190146 649 downloads

Immunoreactivity of proteins within 30-40 kDa range during the acute and the recovery phases in rats experimentally infected with Strongyloides venezuelensis
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Fonseca, Priscilla Duarte Marques

; Corral, Marcelo Andreeta

; Meisel, Dirce Mary C. Lima

; Levi, Debora

; Nascimento, Rafael Correa

; Castro-Borges, William

; Gryschek, Ronaldo

; Costa-Cruz, Julia Maria

; Paula, Fabiana Martins de

Revista do Instituto de Medicina Tropical de São Paulo

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2020, Volume 62 elocation e23

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT In experimental infection with Strongyloides venezuelensis, the acute and recovery phases can be distinguished, unlike human infections caused by Strongyloides stercoralis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the production of anti-Strongyloides IgG antibodies and the recognition of immunogenic protein bands during the acute and the recovery phases in rats experimentally infected with S. venezuelensis. Rats were infected subcutaneously with 400 or 4,000 S. venezuelensis infective larvae. The acute phase was characterized by elimination of a large number of eggs in the faeces on days 6-14 post infection; the recovery phase was characterized by the resolution of the infection between days 30 and 35 post infection. Differences in IgG levels were observed in the acute and the recovery phases. Different antigenic fractions were recognized in both phases of infection. It is concluded that proteins within the 30-40 kDa range are immunoreactive markers for both the acute and the recovery phases in rats experimentally infected with S. venezuelensis, particularly using membrane antigen.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1678-9946202062023 373 downloads

Updated Cardiovascular Prevention Guideline of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology - 2019
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Précoma, Dalton Bertolim

; Oliveira, Gláucia Maria Moraes de

; Simão, Antonio Felipe

; Dutra, Oscar Pereira

; Coelho, Otávio Rizzi

; Izar, Maria Cristina de Oliveira

; Póvoa, Rui Manuel dos Santos

; Giuliano, Isabela de Carlos Back

; Alencar Filho, Aristóteles Comte de

; Machado, Carlos Alberto

; Scherr, Carlos

; Fonseca, Francisco Antonio Helfenstein

; Santos Filho, Raul Dias dos

; Carvalho, Tales de

; Avezum Jr., Álvaro

; Esporcatte, Roberto

; Nascimento, Bruno Ramos

; Brasil, David de Pádua

; Soares, Gabriel Porto

; Villela, Paolo Blanco

; Ferreira, Roberto Muniz

; Martins, Wolney de Andrade

; Sposito, Andrei C.

; Halpern, Bruno

; Saraiva, José Francisco Kerr

; Carvalho, Luiz Sergio Fernandes

; Tambascia, Marcos Antônio

; Coelho-Filho, Otávio Rizzi

; Bertolami, Adriana

; Correa Filho, Harry

; Xavier, Hermes Toros

; Faria-Neto, José Rocha

; Bertolami, Marcelo Chiara

; Giraldez, Viviane Zorzanelli Rocha

; Brandão, Andrea Araújo

; Feitosa, Audes Diógenes de Magalhães

; Amodeo, Celso

; Souza, Dilma do Socorro Moraes de

; Barbosa, Eduardo Costa Duarte

; Malachias, Marcus Vinícius Bolívar

; Souza, Weimar Kunz Sebba Barroso de

; Costa, Fernando Augusto Alves da

; Rivera, Ivan Romero

; Pellanda, Lucia Campos

; Silva, Maria Alayde Mendonça da

; Achutti, Aloyzio Cechella

; Langowiski, André Ribeiro

; Lantieri, Carla Janice Baister

; Scholz, Jaqueline Ribeiro

; Ismael, Silvia Maria Cury

; Ayoub, José Carlos Aidar

; Scala, Luiz César Nazário

; Neves, Mario Fritsch

; Jardim, Paulo Cesar Brandão Veiga

; Fuchs, Sandra Cristina Pereira Costa

; Jardim, Thiago de Souza Veiga

; Moriguchi, Emilio Hideyuki

; Schneider, Jamil Cherem

; Assad, Marcelo Heitor Vieira

; Kaiser, Sergio Emanuel

; Lottenberg, Ana Maria

; Magnoni, Carlos Daniel

; Miname, Marcio Hiroshi

; Lara, Roberta Soares

; Herdy, Artur Haddad

; Araújo, Cláudio Gil Soares de

; Milani, Mauricio

; Silva, Miguel Morita Fernandes da

; Stein, Ricardo

; Lucchese, Fernando Antonio

; Nobre, Fernando

; Griz, Hermilo Borba

; Magalhães, Lucélia Batista Neves Cunha

; Borba, Mario Henrique Elesbão de

; Pontes, Mauro Ricardo Nunes

; Mourilhe-Rocha, Ricardo

Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia

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oct 2019, Volume 113 N. 4 Pages 787 - 891

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.5935/abc.20190204 40841 downloads

Nanosuspension of quercetin: preparation, characterization and effects against Aedes aegypti larvae
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Pessoa, Leticie Zulmira da Silva

; Duarte, Jonatas Lobato

; Ferreira, Ricardo Marcelo dos Anjos

; Oliveira, Anna Eliza Maciel de Faria Motta

; Cruz, Rodrigo Alves Soares

; Faustino, Silvia Maria Mathes

; Carvalho, José Carlos Tavares

; Fernandes, Caio Pinho

; Souto, Raimundo Nonato Picanço

; Araújo, Raquel Silva

Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia

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oct 2018, Volume 28 N. 5 Pages 618 - 625

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Aedes aegypti (Diptera: Culicidae) is the main vector of some neglected diseases, including dengue. It is very important to develop formulations that increase effectiveness of vector control with low toxicity. Quercetin is a plant-derived flavonoid that modulates the development of some insects. The low water solubility of quercetin impairs the development of water-dispersible commercial products. To circumvent this problem, the preparation of nanoformulations is considered promising. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of bulk and quercetin nanosuspension against A. aegypti larvae and also to investigate their ecotoxicity. Quercetin nanosuspension was produced by a solvent displacement method followed by solvent evaporation and was maintained in two different temperatures (4 and 25 ºC). Its size distribution and zeta potential were monitored along 30 days. The influence of quercetin nanosuspension and bulk-quercetin was investigated at various concentrations against A. aegypti and the green algae Chlorella vulgaris. The quercetin nanosuspension presented higher stability at 4 ºC and negative zeta potential values. Quercetin nanosuspension and bulk-quercetin adversely affected the larvae development, especially at the highest concentrations. Larvae mortality was between 44% and 100% (48 h) for quercetin nanosuspension at 100 and 500 ppm, respectively. The bulk-quercetin induced around 50% mortality regardless the concentration used at this same time-period. Absence of emerging mosquitoes from water was observed on the survival larvae of all the treated groups. Quercetin nanosuspension was less toxic than bulk-quercetin against C. vulgaris, especially at higher concentrations. These data indicate that quercetin nanosuspension may represent a potential larvicide for A. aegypti control, once they induced larvae death and inhibited the survival ones to emerge from water. In addition, it did not demonstrated ecotoxicity against a non-target organism, highlighting its better properties, when compared to the bulk-quercetin.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bjp.2018.07.003 1051 downloads

10.

LUCLARICIN, A NEW LIGNAN FROM PHYLLANTHUS ACUMINATUS
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Duarte, Susyanne L. F.

; Nascimento, Yuri M.

; Madeiro, Sara A. L.

; Costa, Vicente C. O.

; Agra, Maria F.

; Sobral, Marianna V.

; Braz-Filho, Raimundo

; Carvalho, Mario G.

; Carvalho, João E.

; Ruiz, Ana L. T. G.

; Turri, Larissa S.

; Silva, Marcelo S.

; Tavares, Josean F.

Química Nova

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aug 2018, Volume 41 N. 8 Pages 880 - 883

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

The secondary metabolites of the aerial parts of Phyllanthus acuminatus Vahl (Phyllanthaceae) and the biological activity of one of them were characterized in this study. This chemical investigation led to isolation of two lignans, luclaricin (1), a new arylnaphtalene-typelignan, and justicidin B (2). The structures of isolated compounds were determined based on 1D and 2D-NMR, HRESIMS and IR. The cytotoxic activity of justicidin B was assessed against tumor cell lines (MCF-7, U251, NCI-ADR/RES, NCI-H460, OVCAR-3, HT29 and K562) and a non-tumor cell line (HaCat) using sulforhodamine B assay. Justicidin B showed strong cytotoxic activity against the tumor cell lines HT29, K562 and U251 with GI50 values of 2.28, 3.29 and 5.76 mol L-1, respectively.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0100-4042.20170266 546 downloads

11.

Correlations between caregiver psychiatric symptoms and offspring psychopathology in a low-resource setting
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Matsuzaka, Camila T.

; Wainberg, Milton L.

; Norcini Pala, Andrea

; Hoffmann, Elis V.

; Coimbra, Bruno M.

; Braga, Rosaly F.

; Duarte, Cristiane S.

; Sweetland, Annika C.

; Mello, Marcelo F.

Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry

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jan 2018, Volume 40 N. 1 Pages 56 - 62

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Objective: Associations between parental/caregiver depression and adverse child outcomes are well established and have been described through one or more mechanisms: child psychopathology following exposure to a depressed caregiver, child psychopathology exacerbating a caregiver’s depression, and caregiver and offspring depression sharing the same etiology. Data from low and middle-income countries is scarce. We examined correlations between common symptoms of mental disorders in caregivers and their offspring’s psychopathology in a Brazilian sample. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, adult caregivers were screened for depression during routine home visits by community health workers as part of the Brazilian Family Health Strategy. Caregivers with suspected depression were assessed using the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale and the Self-Reporting Questionnaire (SRQ-20). Children’s symptoms were evaluated using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ). Results: The sample included 68 primary caregivers and 110 children aged 6 to 15 years. Higher caregiver scores on the SRQ-20 correlated significantly with psychiatric symptoms in offspring. Conclusion: These results substantiate our hypothesis that child psychopathology correlates with caregivers’ psychiatric symptoms. This paper adds to the growing literature on community mental health assessment and can help guide future strategies for reducing the burden of common mental disorders in caregivers and children alike in low and middle-income countries.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1516-4446-2016-1990 1035 downloads

12.

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF THE CASUISTRY OF A SAMPLE OF METASTATIC DISEASE IN THE SPINE
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DUARTE, DAVID MARCELO

; PRATALI, RAPHAEL DE REZENDE

; FRANÇA, ANDRÉ LUIZ PELLACANI

; OLIVEIRA, CARLOS EDUARDO ALGAVES SOARES

Coluna/Columna

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jan 2017, Volume 16 N. 1 Pages 64 - 66

Abstract: Pt En Es | Text: Pt En Es | PDF: Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Es

RESUMO Objetivo: O objetivo do trabalho é apresentar dados demográficos sobre a ocorrência de metástases na coluna vertebral no serviço onde o trabalho foi realizado e investigar a confiabilidade do escore modificado de Tokuhashi no processo de decisão em pacientes com câncer metastático na coluna. Métodos: Realizamos uma revisão de prontuários de todos os casos de metástase óssea vertebral, confirmadas por exame anatomopatológico, no período de janeiro de 2009 a junho de 2012. A revisão de dados incluiu detalhes demográficos, origem do câncer primário, duração dos sintomas, localização das metástases, escala de performance de Karnofsky e cálculo da sobrevida com base no escore modificado de Tokuhashi. Dividimos os pacientes em três grupos. O grupo A incluiu pacientes com expectativa de vida menor do que seis meses, grupo B incluiu pacientes com expectativa de vida entre seis e 12 meses e grupo C incluiu pacientes com expectativa de vida maior que 12 meses. Comparamos a sobrevida calculada com a atual sobrevida nos três grupos, com todos pacientes acompanhados até o mínimo de um ano ou até a morte. Resultados: A sobrevida prevista nos pacientes do grupo A foi de 63,6% de acordo com o escore modificado de Tokuhashi, contudo pacientes do grupo B tiveram apenas 30% de concordância. Conclusões: Para pacientes do grupo A, a taxa de concordância da sobrevida dos pacientes foi melhor (63,4%) que o observado em pacientes do grupo B (30%). Nossa amostra não teve nenhum paciente classificado como do grupo C.

ABSTRACT Objective: The objective of this study is to present demographic data on the occurrence of spinal metastases in the service where the work was performed and to investigate the reliability of the modified Tokuhashi score in the decision making in patients with metastatic spinal cancer. Methods: We conducted a review of medical records of all cases of vertebral bone metastasis, confirmed by anatomopathological examination, from January 2009 to June 2012. Data review included demographic details, origin of the primary cancer, duration of symptoms, localization of metastases, Karnofsky performance scale and survival based on modified Tokuhashi score. We divided patients into three groups. Group A included patients with life expectancy of less than six months, group B included patients with life expectancy of between six and 12 months, and group C included patients with a life expectancy of more than 12 months. We compared the calculated survival with the current survival in the three groups with all patients followed-up to a minimum of 1 year or until death. Results: The predict survival in group A was 63.6% according to the modified Tokuhashi score, albeit group B had only 30% agreement. Conclusions: For patients in group A, the agreement rate of patient survival was better (63.4%) than that observed in patients in group B (30%). Our sample had no patient classified as group C.

RESUMEN Objetivo: El objetivo de este estudio es presentar datos demográficos sobre la aparición de metástasis en la columna vertebral en el servicio donde se realizó el trabajo e investigar la fiabilidad de la escala modificada de Tokuhashi en la toma de decisiones en pacientes con cáncer metastásico en la columna vertebral. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión retrospectiva de todos los casos de metástasis ósea vertebral, confirmados por examen histopatológico, de enero 2009 a junio de 2012. La revisión de los datos incluyó datos demográficos, origen del cáncer primario, duración de los síntomas, localización de las metástasis, escala de rendimiento de Karnofsky y el cálculo de la supervivencia basado en la escala modificada de Tokuhashi. Dividimos a los pacientes tres grupos. El grupo A incluyó pacientes con una esperanza de vida inferior a 6 meses, el grupo B incluyó pacientes con una esperanza de vida de entre seis y 12 meses y el grupo C incluyó pacientes con esperanza de vida superior a 12 meses. Se comparó la supervivencia calculada con la supervivencia actual en los tres grupos, con todos los pacientes seguidos a un mínimo de un año o hasta la muerte. Resultados: La supervivencia esperada en el grupo A fue de 63,6%, según la escala modificada de Tokuhashi, pero los pacientes del grupo B tenían sólo un 30% de concordancia. Conclusiones: En los pacientes del grupo A, la tasa de concordancia de la supervivencia del paciente fue mejor (63,4%) que la observada en el grupo de pacientes en el grupo B (30%). En nuestra muestra no había ningún paciente clasificado como grupo C.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s1808-185120171601114417 832 downloads

13.

Incidence of tuberculosis among patients with rheumatoid arthritis using TNF blockers in Brazil: data from the Brazilian Registry of Biological Therapies in Rheumatic Diseases (Registro Brasileiro de Monitoração de Terapias Biológicas - BiobadaBrasil)
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Yonekura, Claudia Leiko

; Oliveira, Rene Donizeti Ribeiro

; Titton, David C.

; Ranza, Roberto

; Ranzolin, Aline

; Hayata, André L.

; Duarte, Ângela

; Silveira, Inês G.

; Carvalho, Hellen M. da S. de

; Moraes, Júlio C. Bertacini de

; Abreu, Mirhelen Mendes de

; Valim, Valéria

; Bianchi, Washington

; Brenol, Claiton Viegas

; Pereira, Ivanio A.

; Costa, Izaias

; Macieira, José C.

; Miranda, José R.S.

; Guedes-Barbosa, Luiz S.

; Bertolo, Manoel B.

; Sauma, Maria Fátima Lobato da C.

; Silva, Marília B.G.

; Freire, Marlene

; Scheinberg, Morton A.

; Toledo, Roberto A.

; Oliveira, Sheila K.F.

; Fernandes, Vander

; Pinheiro, Marcelo M.

; Castro, Glaucio

; Vieira, Walber Pinto

; Baaklini, Cesar Emile

; Ruffino-Netto, Antonio

; Pinheiro, Geraldo da Rocha Castelar

; Laurindo, Ieda Maria Magalhães

; Louzada-Junior, Paulo

Revista Brasileira de Reumatologia

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2017, Volume 57 Suppl. 2 Pages s477 - s483

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Objetivos Avaliar incidência de tuberculose e triagem para tuberculose latente em brasileiros com artrite reumatoide em uso de agentes biológicos na prática clinica. Pacientes e métodos Estudo de coorte com dados do Registro Brasileiro de Monitoração de Terapias Biológicas (BiobadaBrasil), de 01/2009 a 05/2013, abrangeu 1.552 tratamentos, 415 somente com drogas modificadoras do curso da doença (MMCDs) sintéticas, 942 MMCDs sintéticas em associação com anti-TNF (etanercepte, infliximabe, adalimumabe) e 195 MMCDs sintéticas em associação com outros biológicos (abatacepte, rituximabe e tocilizumabe). Avaliaram-se ocorrência de tuberculose, tempo de exposição às drogas e triagem para TB. Análise estatística: teste t não pareado e teste de Fisher bicaudal; p < 0,05. Resultados O tempo de exposição dos controles foi de 981 pacientes-ano, do grupo de anti-TNF foi de 1.744 pacientes-ano (adalimumabe = 676, infliximabe = 547 e etanercepte = 521 pacientes-ano) e o de outros biológicos de 336 pacientes-ano. A incidência de TB foi de 1,01/1.000 pacientes-ano nos controles e de 2,87 pacientes-ano nos usuários de anti-TNF (adalimumabe = 4,43/1.000 pacientes-ano; etanercepte = 1,92/1.000 pacientes-ano e infliximabe = 1,82/1.000 pacientes-ano). Não houve casos de tuberculose no grupo de outros biológicos. O tempo médio de exposição até a ocorrência de tuberculose foi de 27(11) meses para o grupo anti-TNF. Conclusões A incidência de tuberculose foi maior nos usuários de MMCDs sintéticas e anti-TNF do que nos usuários de MMCDs sintéticas e de MMCDs sintéticas e biológicos não anti-TNF, e também mais tardia, sugerindo infecção durante o tratamento, e não falha na triagem.

Abstract Objectives To assess the incidence of tuberculosis and to screen for latent tuberculosis infection among Brazilians with rheumatoid arthritis using biologics in clinical practice. Patients and methods This cohort study used data from the Brazilian Registry of Biological Therapies in Rheumatic Diseases (Registro Brasileiro de Monitoração de Terapias Biológicas - BiobadaBrasil), from 01/2009 to 05/2013, encompassing 1552 treatments, including 415 with only synthetic disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs, 942 synthetic DMARDs combined with anti-tumor necrosis factor (etanercept, infliximab, adalimumab) and 195 synthetic DMARDs combined with other biologics (abatacept, rituximab and tocilizumab). The occurrence of tuberculosis and the drug exposure time were assessed, and screening for tuberculosis was performed. Statistical analysis: Unpaired t-test and Fisher's two-tailed test; p < 0.05. Results The exposure times were 981 patient-years in the controls, 1744 patient-years in the anti-TNF group (adalimumab = 676, infliximab = 547 and etanercept = 521 patient-years) and 336 patient-years in the other biologics group. The incidence rates of tuberculosis were 1.01/1000 patient-years in the controls and 2.87 patient-years among anti-TNF users (adalimumab = 4.43/1000 patient-years; etanercept = 1.92/1000 patient-years and infliximab = 1.82/1000 patient-years). No cases of tuberculosis occurred in the other biologics group. The mean drug exposure time until the occurrence of tuberculosis was 27(11) months for the anti-TNF group. Conclusions The incidence of tuberculosis was higher among users of synthetic DMARDs and anti-TNF than among users of synthetic DMARDs and synthetic DMARDs and non-anti-TNF biologics and also occurred later, suggesting infection during treatment and no screening failure.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbre.2017.05.005 3602 downloads

14.

Qualidade de vida nas espondiloartrites: análise de uma grande coorte brasileira
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Ribeiro, Sandra L.E.

; Albuquerque, Elisa N.

; Bortoluzzo, Adriana B.

; Gonçalves, Célio R.

; Silva, José Antonio Braga da

; Ximenes, Antonio Carlos

; Bértolo, Manoel B.

; Keiserman, Mauro

; Menin, Rita

; Skare, Thelma L.

; Carneiro, Sueli

; Azevedo, Valderílio F.

; Vieira, Walber P.

; Bianchi, Washington A.

; Bonfiglioli, Rubens

; Campanholo, Cristiano

; Carvalho, Hellen M.S.

; Costa, Izaias P.

; Duarte, Angela L.B. Pinto

; Kohem, Charles L.

; Leite, Nocy H.

; Lima, Sonia A.L.

; Meirelles, Eduardo S.

; Pereira, Ivânio A.

; Pinheiro, Marcelo M.

; Polito, Elizandra

; Resende, Gustavo G.

; Rocha, Francisco Airton C.

; Santiago, Mittermayer B.

; Sauma, Maria de Fátima L.C.

; Valim, Valéria

; Sampaio-Barros, Percival D.

Revista Brasileira de Reumatologia

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feb 2016, Volume 56 N. 1 Pages 22 - 27

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Objetivo: Analisar as variáveis demográficas e clínicas associadas à diminuição da qualidade de vida em uma grande coorte brasileira de pacientes com espondiloartrite (EpA). Métodos: Foi aplicado um protocolo de pesquisa único a 1.465 pacientes brasileiros classificados como tendo EpA de acordo com os critérios do European Spondyloarthropaties Study Group (ESSG), atendidos em 29 centros de referência em reumatologia do Brasil. Foram registradas as variáveis clínicas e demográficas. A qualidade de vida foi analisada por meio do questionário Ankylosing Spondylitis Quality of Life (ASQoL). Resultados: A pontuação média do ASQoL foi de 7,74 (+ 5,39). Ao analisar doenças específicas no grupo de EpA, as pontuações do ASQoL não apresentaram diferença estatisticamente significativa. Os dados demográficos mostraram piores escores de ASQoL associados ao gênero feminino (p = 0,014) e etnia negra (p < 0,001). Quanto aos sintomas clínicos, a dor na região glútea (p = 0,032), a dor cervical (p < 0,001) e a dor no quadril (p = 0,001), estiveram estatisticamente associadas a piores escores no ASQoL. O uso contínuo de fármacos anti-inflamatórios não esteroides (p < 0,001) e agentes biológicos (p = 0,044) esteve associado a escores mais elevados de ASQoL, enquanto outros medicamentos não interferiram nos escores do ASQoL. Conclusão: Nesta grande série de pacientes com EpA, o sexo feminino e a etnia negra, bem como sintomas predominantemente axiais, estiveram associados a uma qualidade de vida reduzida.

Abstract Objective: To analyze quality of life and demographic and clinical variables associated to its impairment in a large Brazilian cohort of patients with spondyloarthritis (SpA). Methods: A common protocol of investigation was applied to 1465 Brazilian patients classified as SpA according to the European Spondyloarthropaties Study Group (ESSG) criteria, attended at 29 reference centers for Rheumatology in Brazil. Clinical and demographic variables were recorded. Quality of life was analyzed through the Ankylosing Spondylitis Quality of Life (ASQoL) questionnaire. Results: The mean ASQoL score was 7.74 (± 5.39). When analyzing the specific diseases in the SpA group, the ASQoL scores did not present statistical significance. Demographic data showed worse scores of ASQoL associated with female gender (p = 0.014) and African-Brazilian ethnicity (p < 0.001). Regarding clinical symptoms, buttock pain (p = 0.032), cervical pain (p < 0.001) and hip pain (p = 0.001), were statistically associated with worse scores of ASQoL. Continuous use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (p < 0.001) and biologic agents (p = 0.044) were associated with higher scores of ASQoL, while the other medications did not interfere with the ASQoL scores. Conclusion: In this large series of patients with SpA, female gender and African-Brazilian ethnicity, as well as predominant axial symptoms, were associated with impaired quality of life.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbr.2015.03.003 3358 downloads

15.

Avaliação do desempenho do BASDAI (Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index) numa coorte brasileira de 1.492 pacientes com espondiloartrites: dados do Registro Brasileiro de Espondiloartrites (RBE)
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Costa, Izaias Pereira da

; Bortoluzzo, Adriana B.

; Gonçalves, Célio R.

; Silva, José Antonio Braga da

; Ximenes, Antonio Carlos

; Bértolo, Manoel B.

; Ribeiro, Sandra L.E.

; Keiserman, Mauro

; Menin, Rita

; Skare, Thelma L.

; Carneiro, Sueli

; Azevedo, Valderílio F.

; Vieira, Walber P.

; Albuquerque, Elisa N.

; Bianchi, Washington A.

; Bonfiglioli, Rubens

; Campanholo, Cristiano

; Carvalho, Hellen M.S.

; Duarte, Angela L.B. Pinto

; Kohem, Charles L.

; Leite, Nocy H.

; Lima, Sonia A.L.

; Meirelles, Eduardo S.

; Pereira, Ivânio A.

; Pinheiro, Marcelo M.

; Polito, Elizandra

; Resende, Gustavo G.

; Rocha, Francisco Airton C.

; Santiago, Mittermayer B.

; Sauma, Maria de Fátima L.C.

; Valim, Valéria

; Sampaio-Barros, Percival D.

Revista Brasileira de Reumatologia

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feb 2015, Volume 55 N. 1 Pages 48 - 54

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Objetivo Avaliar os resultados da aplicação do Índice de Atividade de Doença da Espondilite Anquilosante de Bath (BASDAI) numa série de pacientes brasileiros com EpA e estabelecer suas correlações com as variáveis específicas do grupo. Métodos Um protocolo comum de investigação foi prospectivamente aplicado em 1.492 pacientes brasileiros classificados como EpA pelos critérios do Grupo Europeu de Estudo das Espondiloartropatias (ESSG), acompanhados em 29 centros de referência em reumatologia no Brasil. Variáveis clínicas, demográficas e índices de doença foram colhidos. Os valores totais do BASDAI foram comparados com a presença das diferentes variáveis. Resultados O valor médio do BASDAI foi de 4,20 ± 2,38. Os escores médios do BASDAI foram mais elevados nos pacientes com forma clínica combinada, comparado às formas axiais e periféricas isoladas, nos pacientes do sexo feminino e nos sedentários. Com relação ao componente axial, valores mais altos do BASDAI estiveram significativamente associados à lombalgia inflamatória, à dor alternante em nádegas, à dor cervical e ao acometimento de coxofemorais. Houve associação estatística entre os valores do BASDAI e o comprometimento periférico, relacionado ao número de articulações inflamadas, tanto dos membros inferiores quanto dos membros superiores, e às entesites. A positividade do HLA-B27 e a presença de manifestações extra-articulares não estiveram correlacionadas com os valores médios do BASDAI. Valores mais baixos do BASDAI estiveram associados ao uso de agentes biológicos (p < 0,001). Conclusão Nesta série heterogênea de pacientes brasileiros com EpA, o BASDAI conseguiu demonstrar “atividade de doença” tanto nos pacientes com acometimento axial quanto naqueles com envolvimento periférico.

Objective To analyze the results of the application of the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI) in a large series of Brazilian patients with the diagnosis of SpA and establish its correlations with specific variables into the group. Methods A common protocol of investigation was prospectively applied to 1492 Brazilian patients classified as SpA according to the European Spondyoarthropathies Study Group (ESSG), attended at 29 referral centers of Rheumatology in Brazil. Clinical and demographic variables, and disease indices (BASDAI, Basfi, Basri, Mases, ASQol) were applied. The total values of BASDAI were compared to the presence of the different variables. Results The mean score of BASDAI was 4.20 ± 2.38. The mean scores of BASDAI were higher in patients with the combined (axial + peripheral + entheseal) (4.54 ± 2.38) clinical presentation, compared to the pure axial (3.78 ± 2.27) or pure peripheral (4.00 ± 2.38) clinical presentations (P < 0.001). BASDAI also presented higher scores associated with the female gender (P < 0.001) and patients who did not practice exercises (P < 0.001). Regarding the axial component, higher values of BASDAI were significantly associated with inflammatory low back pain (P < 0.049), alternating buttock pain (P < 0.001), cervical pain (P < 0.001) and hip involvement (P < 0.001). There was also statistical association between BASDAI scores and the peripheral involvement, related to the lower (P = 0.004) and upper limbs (P = 0.025). The presence of enthesitis was also associated to higher scores of BASDAI (P = 0.040). Positive HLA-B27 and the presence of cutaneous psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease, uveitis and urethritis were not correlated with the mean scores of BASDAI. Lower scores of BASDAI were associated with the use of biologic agents (P < 0.001). Conclusion In this heterogeneous Brazilian series of SpA patients, BASDAI was able to demonstrate “disease activity” in patients with axial as well as peripheral disease.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rbr.2014.05.005 12259 downloads

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