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Resumen Hoy en día la medición de la dinámica respiratoria está infravalorada en el ámbito clínico y en la vida diaria de un sujeto, y sigue representando un reto desde el punto de vista técnico y médico. En este artículo proponemos un concepto para medir algunos de sus parámetros, como la frecuencia respiratoria (FR), utilizando cuatro sensores inerciales. Se realizaron dos experimentos diferentes para validar el concepto. Analizamos la colocación más adecuada de cada sensor para evaluar esas características y estudiamos la fiabilidad del sistema para medir parámetros anormales de la respiración (taquipnea, bradipnea y retención de la respiración). Por último, realizamos mediciones en pacientes posCOVID-19, algunos de ellos con alteraciones respiratorias después de más de un año del diagnóstico. Los resultados experimentales mostraron que el sistema propuesto podría utilizarse potencialmente para medir la dinámica respiratoria en el ámbito clínico. Además, mientras que la FR puede calcularse fácilmente con cualquier sensor, otros parámetros deben medirse con un sensor en una posición determinada.

Abstract Nowadays, the measurement of respiratory dynamics is underrated at clinical setting and in the daily life of a subject, still representing a challenge from a technical and medical point of view. In this article we propose a concept to measure some of its parameters, such as the respiratory rate (RR), using four inertial sensors. Two different experiments were performed to validate the concept. We analyzed the most suitable placement of each sensor to assess those features and studied the reliability of the system to measure abnormal parameters of respiration (tachypnea, bradypnea and breath holding). Finally, we measured post-COVID-19 patients, some of them with breath alterations after more than a year of the diagnosis. Experimental results showed that the proposed system could be potentially used to measure the respiratory dynamics at clinical setting. Moreover, while RR can be easily calculated by any sensor, other parameters need to be measured with a sensor in a particular position.

https://doi.org/10.29019/enfoqueute.972

Massive production of Hemileia vastatrix uredospores for inoculation of coffee seedlings
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Hernández-Amasifuen, Angel David

; Rivadeneyra-Chisquipama, Lenin

; Padilla-Dominguez, Amner

; Paredes-Espinosa, Richard

; Guerrero-Abad, Juan Carlos

; Torres-Flores, Elías

; Peláez-Rivera, Jorge Luis

; Carvajal-Vallejos, Fernando Marcelo

; Gutiérrez-Reynoso, Dina Lida

; Corazon-Guivin, Mike Anderson

Scientia Agropecuaria

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apr 2023, Volume 14 N. 2 Pages 259 - 267

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Coffee leaf rust (Hemileia vastatrix) is the most important disease in coffee crops around the world. Currently, there is limited knowledge about mass production methodologies and ex-situ infection of H. vastatrix that lead to the development of different health characterization studies of Coffea or disease phenotyping. In this context, the aim of this research was to develop a simple protocol for the mass production of coffee rust uredospores under controlled conditions and to determine their infection in coffee seedlings. Uredospores of H. vastatrix were collected from infected plants in the “Chontal” coffee-growing area in San Martín, Peru. The viability of uredospore germination was evaluated, and a uredospores suspension (2 x 105 uredospores/mL) was prepared to inoculate coffee seedlings. Incidence and sporulation rates were evaluated after 43 days of inoculation. During the multiplication process of H. vastatrix uredospores, using controlled conditions (23±1 °C, ≈ 80% relative humidity and photoperiod of 16 hours of light) under an innovative system, the first symptoms of chlorosis were observed on coffee leaves 20 days after inoculation. Our findings show a 100% incidence of inoculated coffee plants with an average of 54 mg of H. vastatrix uredospores per plant and a 1.38 x 10-1 mg/cm2 sporulation rate. Finally, here we report a protocol that allows mass multiplication of H. vastatrix uredospores under controlled conditions, that would be useful in any time for coffee leaf rust bioassays.

https://doi.org/10.17268/sci.agropecu.2023.023

Insecticida biorracional contra el gusano de la raíz del maíz en Durango
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Flores-Villegas, Mónica Yazmín

; Ordaz-Díaz, Luis Alberto

; Madrid-Del Palacio, Maribel

; García-Gutiérrez, Cipriano

; Zazueta-Álvarez, David Enrique

; Bailón-Salas, Ana María

Revista mexicana de ciencias agrícolas

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dec 2022, Volume 13 N. 8 Pages 1423 - 1431

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen La agricultura en México ha sobrepasado el uso racional de insecticidas químicos, impactando con ello la estructura del suelo y el ecosistema agrícola en general. Una alternativa de control de plagas es el uso de plantas tóxicas, las cuales proporcionan sustancias químicas que modifican el comportamiento de los insectos. El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar la eficacia de un insecticida biorracional generado con Datura metel Linneo aplicado sobre poblaciones de adultos del gusano de la raíz del maíz Diabrotica undecimpunctata Howardi durante el ciclo primavera-verano 2019, en Durango. Se evaluaron 1 620 individuos a diferentes dosis 10, 20, 50 y 70 mg L-1 cada 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 y 24 h. Además, se determinaron los valores de DL50 y el intervalo de confianza al 95% para cada tratamiento. Las dosis evaluadas causaron mortalidad del gusano del maíz, la cual varió en función de la dosis y la estructura analizada. La DL50 calculada para la raíz fue de 23.2 mg L-1, para la hoja 34.1 mg L-1 y para el tallo 89.3 mg L-1. Al aumentar la dosis a 70 mg L-1 de raíz fue posible alcanzar una mortalidad de 76%, por lo que se concluye que existe una relación directamente proporcional entre la estructura evaluada y la dosis aplicada a los adultos del gusano del maíz y el tiempo de exposición.

Abstract Agriculture in Mexico has surpassed the rational use of chemical insecticides, thereby impacting soil structure and the agricultural ecosystem in general. A pest control alternative is the use of toxic plants, which provide chemicals that modify the behavior of insects. The objective of this research was to evaluate the efficacy of a biorational insecticide generated with Datura metel Linnaeus applied on adult populations of the corn rootworm Diabrotica undecimpunctata Howardi during the 2019 spring-summer cycle, in Durango. One thousand six hundred twenty individuals were evaluated at different doses 10, 20, 50 and 70 mg L-1 every 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 24 h. In addition, the values of LD50 and the 95% confidence interval were determined for each treatment. The doses evaluated caused the mortality of corn rootworm, which varied depending on the dose and structure analyzed. The LD50 calculated for the root was 23.2 mg L-1, for the leaf 34.1 mg L-1 and for the stem 89.3 mg L-1. By increasing the dose to 70 mg L-1 of root, it was possible to achieve a mortality of 76%, so it is concluded that there is a directly proportional relationship between the structure evaluated and the dose applied to adults of corn rootworm and the time of exposure.

https://doi.org/10.29312/remexca.v13i8.2934

Offline exhaled nitric oxide in children: chemiluminescence vs. electrochemical devices
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Madrid, Wilmer A.

; Guzmán-Valderrábano, Carlos

; Martínez-Briseño, David

; Torre-Bouscoulet, Luis

; Ramírez-San Juan, David H.

; Gochicoa-Rangel, Laura

Boletín médico del Hospital Infantil de México

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oct 2021, Volume 78 N. 5 Pages 404 - 410

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract Background: Exhaled nitric oxide (eNO) is a noninvasive marker of airway inflammation that has been used in children, using the "offline" technique. To the extent of our knowledge, no article reported in literature compares the concordance and correlation between the two different technologies used to measure eNO at tidal volume offline. This study aimed to report the concordance and correlation of the eNO measured "offline" at tidal volume, using chemioluminiscence (cl) vs electrochemical devices (eq). Methods: A cross-sectional, observational, and prospective study was conducted in the National Institute of Respiratory Diseases (Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias), Mexico City. Healthy children and those with a lung disease between 1 and 11 years of age were included. The exhaled air sample at tidal volume was obtained by attaching a mask connected to a Mylar® bag. Results: We studied 36 children. The mean ± standard deviation (SD) age of the study population was 6 ± 2.6 years; 25% of the subjects included were healthy, and the rest had a lung disease. The concordance correlation coefficient between the two measuring devices was 0.98 (p < 0.001), with a mean difference of 1.46 ± 3.5 ppb and 95% limits of agreement from -5.3 ppb to 8.3 ppb. The linear regression model equation for the estimation of eNO was eNOcl = (eNOeq·1.0718) - 0.1343 (r2 = 0.97). Conclusions: The measurement of eNO at tidal volume by the offline method can be analyzed by electrochemical devices, and the results are interchangeable with those analyzed by chemiluminescence technology.

Resumen Introducción: El óxido nítrico exhalado (eNO) es un marcador no invasivo de inflamación de la vía aérea que se ha utilizado en niños mediante técnica «fuera de línea». Por lo que sabemos, en la literatura no existen reportes que comparen la concordancia y la correlación entre dos técnicas diferentes a volumen corriente. El objetivo de este trabajo es informar la concordancia y la correlación del eNO obtenido por la técnica fuera de línea a volumen corriente en los equipos de quimioluminiscencia (cl) y electroquímico (eq). Métodos: Se realizó un estudio transversal, observacional y prospectivo en el Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias, en Ciudad de México. Se incluyeron niños sanos y con enfermedad pulmonar de 1-11 años de edad. La muestra de aire exhalado se obtuvo a volumen corriente mediante una máscara con conexión a una bolsa de Mylar®. Resultados: Se estudiaron 36 niños. La edad promedio con su desviación estándar de la población de estudio fue de 6 ± 2.6 años. El 25% de los sujetos incluidos estaban sanos y el resto tenían alguna enfermedad pulmonar. El coeficiente de correlación de concordancia entre los dos equipos fue de 0.98 (p < 0.001), con una diferencia media de 1.46 ± 3.5 ppb y unos límites de concordancia del 95% de −5.3 a 8.3 ppb. La ecuación del modelo de regresión lineal del eNO fue eNOcl = (eNOeq·1,0718) − 0.1343 (r2 = 0.97). Conclusiones: La medición del eNO por el método fuera de línea a volumen corriente puede analizarse en dispositivos electroquímicos. Los resultados son intercambiables con los de quimioluminiscencia.

https://doi.org/10.24875/bmhim.20000345 108 downloads

Sistema computacional bajo la metodología PADPEEM para estimar carbono aéreo en café
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Márquez de la Cruz, Saira Edith

; García Cué, José Luis

; Fernández Ordóñez, Yolanda M.

; Tinoco Rueda, Juan Ángel

; Valle Paniagua, David H. Del

; Sangermán-Jarquín, Dora Ma.

Revista mexicana de ciencias agrícolas

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sep 2021, Volume 12 N. 6 Pages 1121 - 1130

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract The research aimed to design a Web-App computer system for data recording in situ and for estimating aerial carbon storage in coffee plots in Huatusco, Veracruz, Mexico. This was raised by the needs of producers to automate calculations of CO2 capture that serve in contributing to climate change mitigation. The software was developed in the Montecillo Campus of the College of Postgraduates from February to October 2020 through the proposal of the PADPEEM methodology and was tested with the data obtained in some coffee crops in Huatusco in January 2020. The results showed the CarbonoCafé system, its architecture, navigation map and interfaces. The CarbonoCafé system will have an impact on the reduction of human, economic and time resources for the calculation of aerial carbon in situ. In addition, it contains databases that can be consulted from any computer or mobile phone.

Resumen La investigación tuvo por objetivo diseñar un sistema computacional Web-App para el registro de datos in situ y para la estimación del almacenamiento de carbono aéreo en parcelas de café en Huatusco, Veracruz, México. Lo anterior se planteó por las necesidades de los productores para automatizar los cálculos de captura de CO2 que sirven en la contribución de la mitigación del cambio climático. El software se elaboró en el Campus Montecillo del Colegio de Postgraduados de febrero a octubre de 2020 a través de la propuesta de la metodología PADPEEM y probado con los datos obtenidos en algunos cultivos de café en Huatusco en enero de 2020. En los resultados se mostró el sistema CarbonoCafé, su arquitectura, mapa de navegación e interfaces. El sistema CarbonoCafé será de impacto en la reducción de recursos humanos, económicos y de tiempo, para el cálculo de carbono aéreo in situ. Además, contiene bases de datos que se pueden consultar desde cualquier computadora o teléfono móvil.

https://doi.org/10.29312/remexca.v12i6.2689 21 downloads

The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on poverty and inequality in Mexico
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Huesca, Luis

; Llamas, Linda

; Jara, H. Xavier

; Vargas Téllez, César O.

; Rodríguez, David

Revista mexicana de economía y finanzas

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sep 2021, Volume 16 N. 3 elocation e633

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract The objective is to quantify the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on employment, poverty and inequality in Mexico. The methodology is based on a probit model to identify individuals at risk of employment loss, whose earnings are set to zero in ENIGH 2018 to match changes in employment and earnings observed in between December 2019 and the May 2020 according to ENOE and ETOE surveys, respectively. MEXMOD, Mexico’s microsimulation model, is used to simulate tax-benefit policies based on the pre-COVID and COVID-scenarios. The results show that there was a loss of 12.1 million jobs. Poverty reached 60.16% and extreme poverty reached 29.73%; inequality grew 8.2%. It is recommended to strengthen social policy with extra funding (taxing the rich) to achieve greater redistribution. The limitation is that income distribution is held constant as we do not have ENIGH 2020. The originality is to offer timely measures of poverty and inequality using microsimulation techniques to overcome the lack of data during the pandemic. The research concludes that there are not automatic stabilizers to cope COVID-19 negative effects and cash-transfers are not sufficient to do so.

Resumen Objetivo: medir el efecto de la pandemia COVID-19 en el empleo, la pobreza y la desigualdad en México. Metodología: se emplea un modelo probit para identificar a las personas en riesgo de perder el empleo, cuyos ingresos se establecen en cero en la ENIGH 2018 para coincidir con los cambios en el empleo y los ingresos observados entre diciembre de 2019 y mayo de 2020 según las encuestas ENOE y ETOE, respectivamente. MEXMOD, el modelo de microsimulación de México, se utiliza para simular las políticas de impuestos y transferencias basadas en los escenarios pre-COVID y COVID. Resultados: una pérdida de 12.1 millones de empleos, la pobreza llegó al 60.16%, la pobreza extrema al 29.73% y la desigualdad creció un 8.2%. Recomendaciones: fortalecer la política social con mayor recaudación (gravando a los ricos) para una mayor redistribución. Limitación: la distribución del ingreso se mantiene constante al no contar con la ENIGH 2020. Originalidad: se ofrece medidas oportunas de pobreza y desigualdad utilizando técnicas de microsimulación para superar la falta de datos durante la pandemia. Conclusión: no existen estabilizadores automáticos para combatir los efectos negativos de COVID-19.

https://doi.org/10.21919/remef.v16i3.633 57 downloads

Short Circuit and Recovery Time Tests in a helical bifilar R-SFCL module
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Rocha, Luís M. M.

; Polasek, Alexander

; Sotelo, Guilherme G.

; Dias, D. H. N.

; Borba, Bruno S. M. C.

; Fernandes, David P.

Journal of Microwaves, Optoelectronics and Electromagnetic Applications

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jun 2021, Volume 20 N. 2 Pages 372 - 381

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Superconducting Fault Current Limiter (SFCL) modules with distinct arrangements have been investigated, seeking design and performance enhancements. In this context, this work aims to propose a design for resistive SFCL (R-SFCL) modules, using RE-Ba-Cu-O high-temperature superconducting tapes (HTS) wound on an alternative support material. An R-SFCL bench prototype was designed for 400 A and 500 V. Two pieces of 2G tapes, arranged in a bifilar antiparallel configuration were wound on Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) tubes, which were made by means of a 3D printer. During the experiments, the SFCL was immersed in an open bath cryostat with liquid nitrogen and several measurements were carried out. The average limited current is about three times lower than the prospective one. To test the SFCL recovery time, the following procedure was adopted: The fault is induced during three cycles, and after, the current is reduced to zero. The SFCL is reconnected after some time considering that the fault was extinct, and the voltage level returned to normal operation. The results showed promising levels of limitation and recovery time for further developments.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-10742021v20i21076 108 downloads

SYNTHESIS, CHEMICAL IDENTIFICATION, DRUG RELEASE AND DOCKING STUDIES OF THE AMLODIPINE–CHITOSAN NANOBIOPOLYMER COMPOSITE
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Ramirez-Tagle, Rodrigo

; Salgado-Moran, Guillermo

; Mendez-Luna, David

; Correa-Basurto, José

; Villada, Wilson Cardona

; Candia, Lorena Gerli

; Mendoza-Huizar, Luis H.

Journal of the Chilean Chemical Society

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jan 2021, Volume 66 N. 1 Pages 5063 - 5066

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

ABSTRACT A new amlodipine-chitosan nanocomposite was built using amlodipine nanoparticles as primary scaffolds by spontaneous emulsification, and its complete elucidation was performed by using several spectrometric techniques. Our results indicate that the amlodipine-chitosan nanocomposite has better solubility than amlodipine at pH 7.4 with a nearly all the drug substance dissolved (97%) by the final time-point measured. The docking study support the existence of intermolecular interactions are established between amlodipine and chitosan.

259 downloads

Recomendaciones para el diagnóstico, tratamiento y seguimiento del cáncer de mama durante la pandemia de SARS-Cov-2/COVID-19 en Colombia
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Maya, Fernando Herazo

; Maya, Ricardo Brugés

; Uribe, Ana Lucia Hincapié

; Barrera, Ana María Carvajal

; Serrano, Aylen Vanessa Ospina

; Ramirez, Carlos Alberto Restrepo

; Duque, Carolina Benavides

; Alvarez, Cesar Eduardo

; Duque, David Ignacio Gómez

; Mallarino, José Joaquín Caicedo

; Arévalo, Iván Andrés Bobadilla

; Pacheco, Jaira H. Patiño

; López, Javier Mauricio Cuello

; Palacio, Johanna Paola Ibarra

; Blando, John Jairo Sánchez

; Pedraza, Jorge Armando Egurrola

; Vásquez, Lina María Torres

; González, Luis Eduardo Viaña

; Abi-Saab, Luis Guzmán

; Fuenmayor, Luis José Palacios

; Villegas, Luis Javier Gallon

; Medina, Mauricio Lema

; Restrepo, Michel Hernández

; Botero, Natalia Jaramillo

; Quintero, Néstor Eduardo Llinás

; Kopp, Ray Antonio Manneh

Revista Colombiana de Cancerología

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dec 2020, Volume 24 Suppl. 1 Pages 252 - 257

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen Bajo las nuevas condiciones generadas por la pandemia de COVID-19, los tratamientos para el cáncer de mama requieren algunas reorientaciones y cuidados que se exponen en este artículo. Se consideran aquí las tres fases de gravedad de la pandemia y los respectivos tratamientos que demandan en función de los lineamientos dictados por el Ministerio de Salud y Protección Social de Colombia. Se trata de un conjunto de referencias para orientar las terapias y tratamientos, inspiradas en las políticas de salud regionales, nacionales e institucionales.

Abstract Under the new conditions generated by the COVID-19 pandemic, breast cancer treatments requires some reorientations and cares that are discussed in this article. The three phases of severity of the pandemic and the respective treatments they require -based on the guidelines issued by the Ministry of Health and Social Protection of Colombia- are considered here. It is a set of references to guide therapies and treatments, inspired by regional, national and institutional health policies.

https://doi.org/10.35509/01239015.687 279 downloads

10.

Growth, production and water and nitrogen use efficiency of maize under water depths and nitrogen fertilization
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Campelo, David H.

; Teixeira, Adunias dos S.

; Moreira, Luis C. J.

; Lacerda, Claudivan F. de

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental

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oct 2019, Volume 23 N. 10 Pages 747 - 753

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Objetivou-se neste estudo avaliar o crescimento, os componentes de produção e as eficiências do uso da água (EUA) e do nitrogênio (EUN) na cultura do milho (Zea mays L.), em função de lâminas de irrigação e doses de nitrogênio. O delineamento experimental adotado foi o de blocos casualizados em esquema de parcelas subdivididas com quatro repetições. Os tratamentos de irrigação aplicados nas parcelas foram compostos de quatro lâminas de água: 80, 90, 100 e 110% do requerimento hídrico, baseadas na capacidade de campo do solo, e as doses de N, distribuídas nas subparcelas foram: 0, 60, 120 e 180 kg ha-1. Aumentos nas lâminas de irrigação e nas doses de N promovem aumentos lineares na altura das plantas e no índice de área foliar. Para o ciclo I (2015) a produtividade máxima (16.778,3 kg ha-1) foi alcançada com a lâmina de irrigação de 538,1 mm e dose de nitrogênio de 180 kg ha-1; e para o ciclo II (2016), a máxima produtividade foi alcançada com a lâmina de irrigação correspondente a 505 mm e a dose de N de 180 kg ha-1, obtendo-se 17.819,5 kg ha-1. Os maiores valores de EUA (4,1 e 3,8 kg m-3) foram estimados no ciclo I (2015) para 432,7 mm e no ciclo II (2016) para 359,6 mm, respectivamente; enquanto os maiores valores de EUN (67,5 e 65,3 kg kg-1) foram estimados no ciclo I (2015) para a lâmina de irrigação de 555,7 mm e dose de nitrogênio de 113,3 kg ha-1, e no ciclo II (2016) para a lâmina de irrigação de 506 mm e dose de nitrogênio de 107,7 kg ha-1.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the growth, the production components and the water (WUE) and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in maize (Zea mays L.), as function of water depths and nitrogen doses. The experimental design was randomized blocks in a split-plot scheme with four repetitions. The irrigation treatments applied in the plots were composed of four water depths: 80, 90, 100 and 110% of the water requirement, based on the soil field capacity, while the N doses, distributed in the subplots, were 0, 60, 120 and 180 kg ha-1. Increases in water depths and in N doses promote linear increases in plant height and leaf area index. For cycle I (2015) the maximum yield (16,778.3 kg ha-1) was reached with the irrigation depth of 538.1 mm and nitrogen dose of 180 kg ha-1; and for cycle II (2016), the maximum yield was reached with the irrigation depth corresponding to 505 mm and N dose of 180 kg ha-1, yielding 17,819.5 kg ha-1. The highest values of WUE (4.1 and 3.8 kg m-3) were estimated in cycle I (2015) for 432.7 mm and in cycle II (2016) for 359.6 mm, respectively; while the highest values of NUE (67.5 and 65.3 kg kg-1) were estimated in cycle I (2015), for the water depth of 555.7 mm and nitrogen dose of 113.3 kg ha-1, and in cycle II (2016), for the water depth of 506 mm and nitrogen dose of 107.7 kg ha-1.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v23n10p747-753 1375 downloads

11.

Effect of the presence of CuOx on the catalytic behavior of bimetallic Au-Cu catalyst supported on Ce-Zr mixed oxide in CO preferential oxidation
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Arévalo, Juan David

; Vargas, Julio César

; Córdoba, Luis Fernando

Ingeniería e Investigación

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aug 2019, Volume 39 N. 2 Pages 21 - 30

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

RESUMEN El efecto de la presencia de cobre en catalizadores bimetálicos Au-Cu a base de óxidos mixtos de cerio-zirconio fue evaluado en la oxidación preferencial de CO (CO-PROX). Se prepararon seis materiales catalíticos: (1) el soporte (CeZr); los catalizadores monometálicos que fueron (2) oro (Au/CeZr), (3) cobre impregnado (CuOx/CeZr) y (4) cobre incorporado (CuCeZr); y los catalizadores bimetálicos que fueron (5) óxido de cobre impregnado y oro (Au-CuOx/CeZr), y (6) oro y cobre incorporado (Au/CuCeZr). Los catalizadores se evaluaron en el CO-PROX en un rango de temperaturas de 30-300 °C y presión atmosférica, donde el Au-CuOx/CeZr mostró el mejor desempeño catalítico. Se evaluó la influencia de CO2 y H2O en la mezcla de alimento sobre el desempeño del catalizador Au-CuOx/CeZr, donde se observó un efecto inhibitorio del CO2, mientras que la presencia del agua mejoró el desempeño. Adicionalmente, se evaluó la estabilidad catalítica, la cual alcanzó conversiones de CO de 93 % con una selectividad de 90 %, durante 118 h. Los materiales catalíticos se caracterizaron por DRX, presentando en todos los casos la estructura fluorita cúbica. Las pruebas de adsorción y desorción de N2 mostraron que los materiales sintetizados eran mesoporosos. Los ensayos de TPR-H2, mostraron que la presencia de la fase activa incrementó la reducibilidad de Ce4+ a Ce2+. Los picos de reducción del catalizador de oro se presentaron a temperaturas más bajas con respecto al catalizador de cobre, lo cual se relaciona con el fenómeno spillover para el hidrógeno. Finalmente, las muestras se analizaron por SEM y TEM, las cuales confirmaron la formación de nanopartículas con un diámetro alrededor de 4nm.

ABSTRACT The effect of the presence of copper was evaluated on a bimetallic catalyst Au-Cu based on mixed oxide cerium-zirconium in the preferential oxidation of CO (CO-PROX). Six catalytic materials, based on mixed oxides, were prepared: (1) the support (CeZr); the monometallic catalysts, i.e. (2) gold (Au/CeZr), (3) impregnated copper oxide (CuOx/CeZr) and (4) incorporated copper (CuCeZr); and the bimetallic catalysts, i.e. (5) impregnated copper oxide and gold (Au-CuOx/CeZr), and (6) gold and incorporated copper (Au/CuCeZr). The catalysts were evaluated in the CO-PROX in the range 30-300 °C and atmospheric pressure, where the Au-CuOx/CeZr showed the best catalytic behavior. The influence of CO2 and H2O in the feed stream was evaluated on the catalytic performance of the Au-CuOx/CeZr. An inhibitory effect for the CO2 was observed, while the presence of H2O enhanced the performance. Additionally, the catalytic stability was evaluated, reaching CO conversion of 93 % and selectivity of 90% for 118 h. The catalytic materials were characterized by XRD, showing in all cases thefluorite cubic structure. The N2 adsorption-desorption analyses showed that synthesized materials were mesoporous and the TPR-H2 test reveals that the presence of the active phase increases the reducibility of Ce4+ to Ce +. Reduction peaks of the gold catalyst were present at lower temperatures than those of the copper catalyst, which is related to a hydrogen spillover phenomenon. Finally, the samples were analyzed by SEM and TEM, which confirmed the formation of nano-particles with a diameter of about 4 nm.

https://doi.org/10.15446/ing.investig.v39n2.76586 232 downloads

12.

Donantes de órganos en muerte cerebral por herida por proyectil de arma de fuego en cráneo: una trágica realidad que beneficia receptores de órganos en Colombia
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Aristizábal, Ana M.

; Gómez-Duarte, Catalina

; García, Víctor H.

; Manzi, Eliana

; Escobar, Carlos

; Jaramillo, Juan David

; Torres, Karen

; Millán, Mauricio

; Caicedo, Luis A.

; Echeverri, Gabriel J.

Revista Colombiana de Cirugía

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jun 2018, Volume 33 N. 2 Pages 189 - 197

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen Antecedentes y objetivo. Los pacientes con muerte encefálica por trauma craneoencefálico secundario a herida por proyectil de arma de fuego ayudan a mitigar la necesidad de donantes de órganos y tejidos. En Colombia, el 78 % de los homicidios son por arma de fuego. Se buscaba describir la experiencia con donantes de órganos y tejidos con muerte encefálica secundaria a trauma craneoencefálico por herida por proyectil de arma de fuego en un centro colombiano de trasplantes. Materiales y métodos. Se trató de un estudio de cohorte histórica retrospectiva. Se caracterizaron 169 donantes con diagnóstico de muerte encefálica secundaria a trauma craneoencefálico por herida con proyectil de arma de fuego en la institución, entre 2010 y 2016. Las variables cualitativas se evaluaron mediante proporciones, las variables cuantitativas continuas, con medidas de tendencia central, y la supervivencia, con el método de Kaplan-Meier. Resultados. La mayoría de los pacientes eran de sexo masculino (93 %), con una mediana de edad de 21 años (rango intercuartílico, RIQ=17-27) y el 32 % tenía antecedentes de consumo de sustancias psicoactivas. El 12 % de los pacientes necesitó manejo con hemoderivados y el 62 % requirió dosis altas de vasopresores. Se trasplantaron 338 órganos sólidos. La supervivencia del injerto renal y hepático a un año fue de 90 % y 85 %, respectivamente, y a 5 años, de 87 % y 76 %. Conclusiones. Según este estudio, la mayoría de estos pacientes eran hombres jóvenes con órganos potencialmente trasplantables que mostraron excelentes resultados en la supervivencia de los injertos. Consideramos que estos donantes son una buena alternativa para aumentar el número de donantes de órganos y tejidos.

Abstract Background and objectives: Patients with brain death (BD) due to traumatic brain injury (TBI) secondary to a gunshot (GS) wound in the skull contribute to mitigate the demand for organ and tissue donors. In Colombia, 78% of the homicides are by GS. We describe our experience with BD secondary to TBI by GS organ and tissue donors at a transplant center in Cali, Colombia. Materials and methods: This is a retrospective historical cohort study for characterization of donors diagnosed with BD secondary to TBI by GS at our institution in the period 2010-2016 (n=169). Qualitative variables were assessed by proportions, continuous quantitative variables with measures of central tendency, and survival with Kaplan Meier. Results: The majority of the patients were male (93%), with a median age of 21 years (RIQ 17-27), 32% had history of psychoactive substance use. 12% of the patient’s required management with blood products and 62% with high doses of vasopressors. 338 solid organs were transplanted. Survival of the renal and hepatic graft at one year was 90% and 85% respectively and at five years of 87% and 76%. Conclusions: According to our study, the majority of these patients are young men with potentially transplantable organs, showing excellent results in the survival of the grafts. We consider these donors to be a good alternative to increase the number of organ and tissue donors.

https://doi.org/10.30944/20117582.61 426 downloads

13.

A comparative survey between non-systemic Salmonella spp. (paratyphoid group) and systemic Salmonella Pullorum and S. Gallinarum with a focus on virulence genes
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Astolfi-Ferreira, Claudete S.

; Pequini, Marcelo R.S.

; Nuñez, Luis F.N.

; Parra, Silvana H. Santander

; Chacon, Ruy

; Torre, David I.D. de la

; Pedroso, Antonio C.

; Ferreira, Antonio J. Piantino

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira

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oct 2017, Volume 37 N. 10 Pages 1064 - 1068

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO: Uma investigação comparativa entre amostras de Salmonella não-sistêmicas (grupo paratifoide) e sistêmicas (S. Pullorum and S. Gallinarum) foi desenvolvida para produzir um perfil de genes de virulência para diferenciação entre os grupos. Os seguintes genes de virulência foram avaliados invA, spvC, sefC, pefA, fimY, sopB, sopE1, stn e avrA. Detectou-se uma diferença substancial entre Salmonella do grupo paratifoide, S. Pullorum e S. Gallinarum considerando os genes sefC, spvC, sopE1 e avrA. Os genes sefC, spvC, sopE1 e avrA foram detectados, em maior número, em S. Gallinarum e S. Pullorum quando comparados com as amostras de Salmonella do grupo paratifoide. Estes resultados podem ser úteis para a diferenciação entre os diferentes grupos e sorotipos de Salmonella.

ABSTRACT: A comparative survey between non-systemic (paratyphoid Salmonellae) and systemic (S. Pullorum and S. Gallinarum) Salmonella strains was performed to produce a virulence gene profile for differentiation among the groups. The following virulence genes were evaluated: invA, spvC, sefC, pefA, fimY, sopB, sopE1, stn and avrA. There are substantial differences among paratyphoid Salmonellae, S. Pullorum, and S. Gallinarum regarding the genes sefC, spvC, sopE1 and avrA. A higher frequency of sefC, spvC, sopE1 and avrA genes were detected in S. Gallinarum and S. Pullorum when compared with strains from the paratyphoid group of Salmonella. These results may be useful for differentiating among different groups and serotypes.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s0100-736x2017001000004 1047 downloads

14.

Prototipo de un sistema gestor de objetos de aprendizaje para ciencias agrícolas (SIGEOACA)
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Montes Tierrablanca, Ivonne del Rosario

; García Cué, José Luis

; Valle Paniagua, David H. del

; Medina Ramírez, Reyna Carolina

Revista mexicana de ciencias agrícolas

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feb 2017, Volume 8 N. 1 Pages 27 - 38

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract The objective of this work is to design a prototype for a learning object management system for agricultural sciences (SIGEOACA), as well as the corresponding repository. Both focused on training courses in the CP as the introduction to statistics for agricultural sciences. For this purpose, a review was made of concepts about learning objects, as well as international educational and computer standards under which they are designed. Next, it was described the methodology used for the development of SIGEOACA, supported both in software for education, and in concepts and good practices of software engineering. Each of the phases proposed in the development of the system is described. At the end, the database structure, the general navigation map, some interfaces and the way in which learning objects are made portable are shown. The proposed web system is scalable and portable considering the needs in the CP, as well as changes that can be proposed in the structure of learning objects.

Resumen El trabajo tiene por objetivo diseñar un prototipo para un sistema gestor de objetos de aprendizaje para ciencias agrícolas (SIGEOACA), así como el repositorio correspondiente. Ambos, enfocados a cursos de capacitación en el CP como el de introducción a la estadística para ciencias agrícolas. Para este fin, se realizó una revisión de conceptos sobre objetos de aprendizaje, así como de estándares internacionales educativos e informáticos bajo los cuales se diseñan. Después, se describió la metodología empleada para el desarrollo del SIGEOACA, apoyada tanto en software para la educación, como en conceptos y buenas prácticas de la ingeniería de software. Se describen cada una de las fases propuestas en el desarrollo del sistema. Al final se muestran la estructura de la base de datos, el mapa general de navegación, algunas interfaces y la forma en que se hacen portables los objetos de aprendizaje. El sistema web propuesto es escalable y portable considerando las necesidades en el CP, así como cambios que pueden proponer en la estructura de objetos de aprendizaje.

https://doi.org/10.29312/remexca.v8i1.69 606 downloads

15.

Detection of enteric viruses in pancreas and spleen of broilers with runting-stunting syndrome (RSS)
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Nuñez, Luis Fabian N.

; Parra, Silvana H. Santander

; Astolfi-Ferreira, Claudete S.

; Carranza, Claudia

; Torre, David I.D. De La

; Pedroso, Antonio C.

; Ferreira, Antonio J. Piantino

Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira

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jul 2016, Volume 36 N. 7 Pages 595 - 599

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo: A doença entérica é um problema multifatorial em galinhas que causa alterações gastrointestinais, conversão alimentar elevada e deficiência de crescimento. Nos últimos anos, os vírus entéricos foram associados à doença entérica; casos reportados mostraram a infecção de um único vírus e também infecções concomitantes durante os surtos sugerindo a presença de múltiplos fatores etiológicos nas doenças entéricas. Este estudo mostra uma alta taxa de detecção dos vírus entéricos em amostras de pâncreas e baço de um surto de enterite e má-absorção em 16 lotes de frangos (n=80 frangos). O vírus de nefrite aviária (ANV) foi o vírus mais detectado, estando presente em 75% dos lotes seguido pelo rotavírus aviário grupo A (ART-A) em 68,75% dos casos, e pelo astrovirus (CAstV) e parvovírus aviários (ChPV), ambos em 43,75% das amostras. Os vírus estavam presentes no pâncreas dos lotes positivos em percentuais elevados: 100% para ART-A e CAstV; 91,7% para ANV, e em 57,14% para ChPV. Em contraste, somente 16,7% e 57,14%, em amostras de intestino, foram positivos para ANV e CAstV, respectivamente. Reovírus aviário (AReo) e o adenovírus do grupo 1 (FAdV-1) não foram detectados. Estes resultados sugerem que os elevados percentuais de vírus detectados em amostras de pâncreas podem estar associados à viremia durante a doença entérica, com subsequente lesão no pâncreas exócrino das aves levando ao desenvolvimento da síndrome de nanismo e raquitismo.

Abstract: Enteric disease is a multifactorial problem in chickens, which causes gastrointestinal alterations, elevated feed conversions and impairment. In the last years, several enteric viruses were implicated in enteric disease; case reports have shown their presence alone or in concomitant infections during outbreaks and have suggested that they might be determining factors in the aetiology of enteric disease. This study shows high detection rates of enteric viruses in the pancreas and spleen in samples from an outbreak of enteritis and malabsorption in 16 chicken flocks (n=80 broilers). Avian nephritis virus (ANV) was the most ubiquitous virus, present in 75% of the flocks followed by avian rotavirus group A (ART-A) with 68.75%, and by chicken astrovirus (CAstV) and chicken parvovirus (ChPV) in 43.75% of samples. Viruses were present in the pancreas of positive flocks at extremely high rates: 100% for ART-A, 91.7% for ANV, 100% for CAstV and 57.14% for ChPV. By contrast, only 16.7% and 57.14% of intestine samples were positive for ANV and CAstV, respectively. Avian reovirus (AReo) and avian adenovirus group 1 (FAdV-1) were not detected. These results suggest that high viral detection rates in pancreas samples may be a result of viremia during enteric disease, with subsequent damage of the exocrine pancreas, leading to runting-stunting syndrome (RSS).

https://doi.org/10.1590/S0100-736X2016000700006 2229 downloads

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