Resumo A expansão do cultivo de dendê em larga escala na Amazônia Brasileira expôs populações indígenas a rápidas transformações no entorno de suas terras e nas atividades diárias em seu território. Diante da escassez de estudos empíricos sobre impactos da dendeicultura nestas populações, esta pesquisa analisou os impactos socioambientais percebidos pelos Tembé, em Tomé-Açu (PA). Com uma metodologia interdisciplinar, conduziram-se, entre 2016 e 2017, entrevistas semiestruturadas e observação participante em cinco aldeamentos, dentro e adjacentes à Terra Indígena Turé-Mariquita (TI), complementadas por análises de sensoriamento remoto. Descrevem-se os vetores de pressão e os principais impactos socioambientais pela análise da narrativa indígena, e, posteriormente, estes são discutidos com base na literatura científica e de sensoriamento remoto. Os achados indicam que a conversão do território de entorno para monocultura de dendê gerou alterações sociais e ambientais que afetaram negativamente o modo de vida e a capacidade de reprodução sociocultural dos Tembé.

Abstract The expansion of large-scale oil palm cultivation in the Amazon has exposed indigenous populations to changes around their lands and in their daily activities. Given the lack of studies on the impacts of oil palm on these populations, this study analyzed the socio-environmental impacts perceived by the Tembé, in Tomé-Açu, Pará State. With an interdisciplinary approach, between 2016 and 2017, semi-structured interviews and participant observation were conducted in five villages, inside and adjacent to the Turé-Mariquita Indigenous Land and complemented by remote sensing analyzes. This article describes the pressure vectors and the main socio-environmental impacts through the analysis of the indigenous narrative, and then these are discussed based on the scientific literature and remote sensing data. The findings indicate that the conversion of the surrounding territory to oil palm monoculture generated social and environmental changes that negatively affected the Tembé’s way of life and their capacity of socio-cultural reproduction.

Resumen La expansión del cultivo de palma aceitera a gran escala en la Amazonía expuso a las poblaciones indígenas a cambios en los alrededores de sus tierras y en sus actividades diarias. Dada la falta de estudios sobre los impactos de la palma en estas poblaciones, nosotros analizamos los impactos socioambientales percibidos por los Tembé, en Tomé-Açu (PA). Con una metodología interdisciplinaria, entre 2016 y 2017 realizamos entrevistas semiestructuradas y observación participante en cinco aldeas, dentro y adyacentes a la Tierra Indígena Turé-Mariquita, complementadas con análisis de teledetección. Describimos los vectores de presión y principales impactos socioambientales gracias al análisis de la narrativa indígena. Ambos son discutidos basándonos en la literatura científica y datos de teledetección. Los resultados indican que la conversión del territorio a monocultivos generó cambios sociales y ambientales que afectaron negativamente la forma de vida y la capacidad de reproducción sociocultural de los Tembé.

Abstract Aims: The aim of this study was to verify body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, and biochemical markers of prepubertal overweight and obese boys to a 16-week futsal training program. Methods: Sixteen boys (age: 7-10 y, body mass index>thanat 95th percentileaccording to Center for Disease Control and Prevention; 35.5±7.4 percent fat) participated to futsal training program. The assessment of body composition was estimated using skinfold thickness, and the following variables were evaluated: total body mass, body mass index, body fat percentage, and lean body mass. Aerobic fitness measurementwas performed by gas exchange analysis in treadmill. In addition, an evaluation of the biochemical profile was conducted: triglycerides, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, plasma concentrations of glucose, and insulin. The futsal intervention included 60-min sessions performed two times/week. The mean intensity during training was between 57 to 88% of maximal heart rate of the age-predicted. Individual portable heart rate monitor controlled training intensity. Results: Significant increases in total body mass (4%), height (3%), lean body mass (8%), and significant 6%-decrease in body fat percentage was observed. Body mass index remained unchanged. Maximal oxygen uptake was elevated (p<0.018) by 11%. Biochemical markers were not modified after intervention. No association was found between body composition and metabolic variables. The effect size of futsal training on most variables was small (<0.5). Conclusion: Controlled intensity and adherence to this 16-week futsal training program were determinant to enhance body composition, and cardiorespiratory fitness in this group of prepubertal boys.

Fundamento: Estima-se que a prevalência de hipertensão em crianças e adolescentes varie entre 1-13%. O excesso de peso e a obesidade central estão relacionados aos níveis pressóricos em adultos e podem ser importantes na patogênese precoce da HAS quando presentes na infância. Objetivos: Identificar a associação entre variáveis antropométricas e níveis pressóricos em escolares de 5.ª a 8.ª séries e avaliar qual medida obteve maior correlação com a medida dos níveis pressóricos. Métodos: Estudo transversal contemporâneo com amostra de base populacional probabilística por conglomerados em escolas públicas do ensino fundamental de Porto Alegre, de alunos matriculados entre a 5.ª e a 8.ª série. Foram coletados dados sobre fatores de risco familiares e antropometria. A análise estatística incluiu correlações e ajuste dos intervalos de confiança para conglomerados. Resultados: A média de idade dos participantes foi de 12,57 (± 1,64) anos, dos quais 55,2% eram do sexo feminino. Encontraram-se 11,3% da amostra com níveis pressóricos alterados e 16,2% com valores limítrofes. Das variáveis antropométricas analisadas, a que demonstrou maior correlação com valores pressóricos aumentados foi o diâmetro do quadril (r = 0,462, p < 0,001) seguido de circunferência abdominal menor (r = 0,404, p < 0,001) e prega cutânea abdominal (r = 0,291, p < 0,001). Conclusão: Foi observada associação entre as circunferências da cintura e dobras cutâneas e níveis pressóricos aumentados nos escolares da amostra. Portanto, é de fundamental importância que a aferição da pressão arterial e as medidas de cintura e quadril sejam rotina nos serviços de saúde de forma precoce a fim de prevenir essa condição patológica.

Background: The prevalence of hypertension among children and adolescents is estimated to range between 1% and 13%. Excess weight and central obesity are related to blood pressure levels in adults, and may be important in the early pathogenesis of SH when present in childhood. Objectives: To study the association between anthropometric variables and blood pressure levels in schoolchildren from the 5th and 8th grades, and to identify which parameter was more strongly correlated with blood pressure levels. Methods: Contemporary cross-sectional study with probabilistic population-based cluster sampling of schoolchildren enrolled from the 5th to the 8th grades in public elementary schools of Porto Alegre. Data on familial risk factors and anthropometry were collected. Statistical analysis included correlations and cluster-adjusted confidence intervals. Results: The mean age of participants was 12.57 (± 1.64) years, and 55.2% of them were females. Abnormal blood pressure levels were found in 11.3% of the sample and borderline values, in 16.2%. Among the anthropometric variables analyzed, hip circumference was the one with the strongest correlation with increased blood pressure (r = 0.462, p < 0.001), followed by waist circumference (r = 0.404, p < 0.001) and abdominal skinfold (r = 0.291, p < 0.001). Conclusion: We observed an association of waist circumference and skinfolds with increased blood pressure levels in the schoolchildren of the sample. Therefore, it is of the utmost importance that early measurements of blood pressure, and waist and hip circumferences become a routine in health services in order to prevent this condition.