Resumo As hemoglobinas variantes (Hb) decorrem de mutações nos genes da globina. As variantes estruturais mais frequentes são HbS, HbC, HbD e HbE. O gene da hemoglobina S tem frequência elevada na América, enquanto que no Brasil é maior no Sudeste e Nordeste. O presente artigo tem por objetivo investigar a presença de hemoglobinas variantes em 15 comunidades quilombolas do estado do Piauí. Foram analisadas 1.239 amostras, nas quais as hemoglobinas foram triadas pela cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (HPLC). Aplicou-se questionário referente a gênero, etnia e consanguinidade das populações. Das 1.239 amostras, 5,4% apresentaram o traço falciforme AS, as doenças falciformes SS e SC apareceram em 0,8% do total, nas hemoglobinas AC, AD e DD. Das 1.069 pessoas negras, 84 apresentaram alteração das hemoglobinas; destas, 34 eram do sexo masculino e 53 do feminino. Ocorreu a presença de 13 casamentos consanguíneos dentre as 84 alterações das hemoglobinas. O estudo das hemoglobinas variantes em 15 comunidades remanescentes de quilombos do Piauí contribui para sua educação em saúde frente aos aspectos da herança genética destas proteínas, relevante questão de saúde pública, proporcionando subsídios para a implantação do Programa Estadual da Doença Falciforme do Piauí.

Abstract Hemoglobin variants (Hb) result from mutations in globin genes, with amino acid substitution in the polypeptide chain. Among the most common structural variants are HbS, HbC, HbD and HbE. The S hemoglobin gene is a high frequency gene across America and Brazil, where it is more frequent in the Southeast and Northeast. The scope of this article is to investigate the presence of hemoglobin variants in 15 quilombos (fugitive slave communities) of Piaui. The sample was of 1,239 people and hemoglobin was screened by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). A questionnaire was applied related to gender, ethnicity and consanguinity. Of the samples analyzed, 5.4% had AS sickle cell trait, while SS and SC sickle cell anemia showed a rate of 0.8%, with AC, AD and DD hemoglobin. Of the 1,069 Afro-descendants, 84 revealed hemoglobin abnormalities, 34 being male 53 being female. There were 13 consanguineous marriages among the 84 hemoglobin alterations. The study of hemoglobin variants in 15 former quilombo communities in the state of Piaui contributes to their education in health in the aspects of genetic inheritance of hemoglobin, a relevant public health issue, providing input for the implementation of the State Program of Sickle Cell Disease of Piaui.

Resumo As hemoglobinas variantes (Hb) decorrem de mutações nos genes da globina. As variantes estruturais mais frequentes são HbS, HbC, HbD e HbE. O gene da hemoglobina S tem frequência elevada na América, enquanto que no Brasil é maior no Sudeste e Nordeste. O presente artigo tem por objetivo investigar a presença de hemoglobinas variantes em 15 comunidades quilombolas do estado do Piauí. Foram analisadas 1.239 amostras, nas quais as hemoglobinas foram triadas pela cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (HPLC). Aplicou-se questionário referente a gênero, etnia e consanguinidade das populações. Das 1.239 amostras, 5,4% apresentaram o traço falciforme AS, as doenças falciformes SS e SC apareceram em 0,8% do total, nas hemoglobinas AC, AD e DD. Das 1.069 pessoas negras, 84 apresentaram alteração das hemoglobinas; destas, 34 eram do sexo masculino e 53 do feminino. Ocorreu a presença de 13 casamentos consanguíneos dentre as 84 alterações das hemoglobinas. O estudo das hemoglobinas variantes em 15 comunidades remanescentes de quilombos do Piauí contribui para sua educação em saúde frente aos aspectos da herança genética destas proteínas, relevante questão de saúde pública, proporcionando subsídios para a implantação do Programa Estadual da Doença Falciforme do Piauí.

Abstract Hemoglobin variants (Hb) result from mutations in globin genes, with amino acid substitution in the polypeptide chain. Among the most common structural variants are HbS, HbC, HbD and HbE. The S hemoglobin gene is a high frequency gene across America and Brazil, where it is more frequent in the Southeast and Northeast. The scope of this article is to investigate the presence of hemoglobin variants in 15 quilombos (fugitive slave communities) of Piaui. The sample was of 1,239 people and hemoglobin was screened by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). A questionnaire was applied related to gender, ethnicity and consanguinity. Of the samples analyzed, 5.4% had AS sickle cell trait, while SS and SC sickle cell anemia showed a rate of 0.8%, with AC, AD and DD hemoglobin. Of the 1,069 Afro-descendants, 84 revealed hemoglobin abnormalities, 34 being male 53 being female. There were 13 consanguineous marriages among the 84 hemoglobin alterations. The study of hemoglobin variants in 15 former quilombo communities in the state of Piaui contributes to their education in health in the aspects of genetic inheritance of hemoglobin, a relevant public health issue, providing input for the implementation of the State Program of Sickle Cell Disease of Piaui.

Fungal infections have become a major problem of worldwide concern. Yeasts belonging to the Candida genus and the pathogenic fungus Cryptococcus neoformans are responsible for different clinical manifestations, especially in immunocompromised patients. Antifungal therapies are currently based on a few chemotherapeutic agents that have problems related to effectiveness and resistance profiles. Microemulsions are isotropic, thermodynamically stable transparent systems of oil, water and surfactant that can improve the solubilization of lipophilic drugs. Taking into account the need for more effective and less toxic drugs along with the potential of thiophene derivatives as inhibitors of pathogenic fungi growth, this study aimed to evaluate the antifungal activity of a thiophene derivative (5CN05) embedded in a microemulsion (ME). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using the microdilution method using amphotericin B as a control. The formulations tested (ME- blank and ME-5CN05) showed physico-chemical properties that would allow their use by the topical route. 5CN05 as such exhibited moderate or weak antifungal activity against Candida species (MIC = 270-540 µg.mL-1) and good activity against C. neoformans (MIC = 17 µg.mL-1). Candida species were susceptible to ME-5CN05 (70-140 µg.mL-1), but C. neoformans was much more, presenting a MIC value of 2.2 µg.mL-1. The results of this work proved promising for the pharmaceutical industry, because they suggest an alternative therapy against C. neoformans.

In the present work, the influence of the amount of nitrogen and phosphorus and degrees Brix on the yield and productivity of alcoholic fermentation has been evaluated. The methodology used was factorial design and response surface analysis. Within the range studied only for phosphorus a statistically significant effect was observed. The broth of sugar cane of the CB 453 variety already possessed enough nitrogen for the fermentation. The mathematical and empirical model was validated for productivity and not for yield. The concentration of alcohol produced in the fermentation was not enough to cause cellular growth inhibition.