RESUMO Objetivo: Compreender a influência da exposição precoce a agrotóxicos de uso agrícola e sua relação com o transtorno do espectro autista. Fontes de dados: Esta revisão sistemática foi registrada no banco de dados PROSPERO sob número CRD42020204842. Por meio das bases de dados PubMed, Scopus e Web of Science, o assunto foi analisado sistematicamente até abril de 2021. Foram incluídos somente estudos com humanos, sendo critérios de inclusão a exposição precoce a agrotóxicos de uso agrícola e o diagnóstico de autismo e critérios de exclusão agrotóxicos de uso doméstico ou veterinário e exposição tardia. Todos os estudos foram analisados sem restrição de linguagem e tempo. A qualidade dos estudos foi avaliada pela NewCastle Ottawa Scale. Síntese dos dados: No total, seis estudos caso-controle foram incluídos. Três deles mensuraram a exposição pelos biomarcadores maternos e os demais (50%) pelo endereço de moradia. Os trabalhos apresentaram qualidade entre moderada e alta. Encontrou-se alta taxa de associação entre a exposição precoce à agrotóxicos e o autismo e detecção acima do limite de quantificação para amostras de bifenilas policloradas, hexaclorobenzeno e diclorodifenildicloroetileno. Conclusões: Existem evidências sobre a exposição a agrotóxicos de uso agrícola precocemente e o desenvolvimento do transtorno do espectro autista, porém mais pesquisas são necessárias para melhor compreensão da associação.

Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of early exposure to agricultural pesticides and their relationship with autism spectrum disorder. Data source: This systematic review was registered at PROSPERO as CRD42020204842. The subject was systematically analyzed on PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science databases until April 2021. Only studies with humans with early exposure to agricultural pesticides and diagnosis of autism were included. Exclusion criteria were studies on pesticides for domestic or veterinary use and late exposure. There were no language and time restriction. The quality analysis of the studies used the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Data synthesis: Six case-control studies were included; three of them measured the route of exposure by maternal biomarkers and the others by the residence address. The studies had scores between moderate and high in the quality assessment tool. It was found high rates of association between early exposure to agricultural pesticides and autism and detection limit above the quantification for a sample of polychlorinated biphenyls, hexachlorobenzene, and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene. Conclusions: There is evidence concerning the exposure to agricultural pesticides in early life and the development of the autism spectrum disorder; however, more studies are required to better understand their possible association.

Introduction: due to the significant increase in the obesity rate in recent years, public health has been facing in many countries of the world, one of the major problems caused by this disease. Because of this, natural products arise, herbal, to assist in the treatment of obesity due to their safer effects. Among these, stands out the extract obtained from dried fruits of Garcinia Cambogia (GC), which has been studied and used as a natural supplement for weight loss. Objective: to investigate the GC administration as a coadjuvant factor in the treatment of obesity regarding to its effectiveness, way of action, recommended daily amount, side effects and contraindications, as a way of food and nutritional security for the population. Methodology: literature review. There were consulted the database of LILACS-BIREME data, SciELO and MEDLINE and there were selected scientific articles published in English, Portuguese and Spanish, between the period of 2007 and 2014 that conducted studies involving the administration of the GC as a way of treatment for obesity. The descriptors used for research articles in the databases were the following: Garcinia Cambogia in Portuguese, and in English the terms used were "Garcinia Cambogia", "weight loss and obesity", and "Hydroxycitric Acid (HCA)"; this last one is not a descriptor indexed in Decs, but given the importance of this term for the search, it was adopted as a keyword. Thirty-four articles were identified, but only 21 were related to the objectives of this study. The first analysis of the articles was conducted by the title and then by the summary. In addition, 17 references were included because of their relevance to the study. Results: in some analyzed works, there was observed that the GC showed positive effects on weight loss process, appetite reduction, body fat percentage, triglycerides, cholesterol and glucose levels, lipogenesis process, while others had no effect. Conclusion: studies suggest positive results about the effectiveness of the GC on the weight loss process. However, the ideal dosage has not been well established yet. There is little evidence of adverse effects and signs of protective effect against hepatotoxicity induced by ethanol. Therefore, it becomes necessary to carry out further studies to confirm the efficacy of this phytotherapy in the weight loss process.

Introducción: debido al aumento significativo de la tasa de obesidad en los últimos años, la salud pública se ha enfrentado en muchos países del mundo a los principales problemas causados por esta enfermedad. Debido a ello, surgen productos naturales, a base de hierbas, para ayudar en el tratamiento de la obesidad debido a sus efectos más seguros. Entre estos productos destaca el extracto obtenido a partir de frutas secas de Garcinia Cambogia (GC), que se ha estudiado y utilizado como un suplemento natural para la pérdida de peso. Objetivo: investigar la administración de GC como un factor coadyuvante en el tratamiento de la obesidad en cuanto a su eficacia, la forma de acción, la cantidad diaria recomendada, los efectos secundarios y las contraindicaciones, para su uso como un suplemento alimentario natural en la pérdida de peso. Metodología: revisión de la literatura. Se consultaron las bases de datos LILACS-BIREME, SciELO y MEDLINE, y se seleccionaron los artículos científicos publicados en inglés, portugués y español, entre el período de 2007 y 2014, llevando a cabo estudios sobre la administración de la GC como una forma de tratamiento de la obesidad. Los descriptores utilizados para los artículos de investigación fueron: en portugúes Cambogia Garcinia, y en inglés "Garcinia Cambogia", "pérdida de peso y obesidad", y "ácido hidroxicítrico (HCA)"; este último no es un descriptor indexado en Decs, pero dada la importancia de este término para la búsqueda, se adoptó como una palabra clave. Se identificaron treinta y cuatro artículos, pero solo 21 estaban relacionados con los objetivos de este estudio. El primer análisis de los artículos fue realizada por el título y luego por el resumen. Además, se incluyeron 17 referencias por su relevancia para el estudio. Resultados: en algunos trabajos analizados se observó que GC mostró efectos positivos en el proceso de pérdida de peso, reducción de apetito, porcentaje de grasa corporal, triglicéridos, niveles de colesterol y glucosa y proceso de lipogénesis; mientras que en otros no produjo ningún efecto. Conclusión: los estudios sugieren resultados positivos con respecto a la eficacia de la GC en el proceso de pérdida de peso. Sin embargo, la dosis ideal no ha sido aún bien establecido. Hay poca evidencia de efectos adversos y signos de efecto protector contra la hepatotoxicidad inducida por el etanol. Por lo tanto, se hace necesario llevar a cabo más estudios para confirmar la eficacia de esta fitoterapia en el proceso de pérdida de peso.

Objetivo : Investigar a prevalência e fatores associados à constipação intestinal em idosos institucionalizados. Método : Trata-se de um estudo do tipo transversal. A amostra foi composta por 87 idosos e os dados coletados foram referentes à idade, sexo, ingestão diária de água e fibras, prática de atividade física, histórico familiar de constipação, além de dados referentes ao estado nutricional. O diagnóstico de constipação foi baseado nos critérios de Roma III. Para realização das análises estatísticas foi utilizado o softwareSPSS, versão 18.0, considerando o nível de significância de 5% (p≤0,05) e os testes estatísticos feitos foram:t Student, Mann-Whitney, Qui-quadrado de Pearson ou Exato de Fischer. Resultados : A amostra foi predominantemente do sexo feminino (80,5%), apresentando idade média de 79,4 (±9,6) anos. Observou-se que a prevalência de constipação intestinal foi de 42,52%, sendo mais frequente nas mulheres (89,2%), naqueles com idade igual ou superior a 80 anos (67,6%), nos que não praticavam atividade física (56,8%), nos que possuíam uma ingestão hídrica e consumo de fibras abaixo do recomendado, nos que possuíam histórico familiar de constipação, e também se mostrou mais prevalente naqueles que apresentaram diagnóstico nutricional de eutrofia (56,3%). Quando relacionadas à constipação, verificou-se que apenas a idade (p=0,049) e o baixo consumo de fibras (p=0,019) se associaram significativamente. Conclusão : Os resultados obtidos evidenciaram que a constipação intestinal é uma queixa digestiva de etiologia multifatorial, com a qual a idade avançada e o baixo consumo de fibras se associaram significativamente.

Objective : Constipation is a frequent motility disorder and while a common complaint among the overall population, is particularly prevalent among the elderly. The increase of this population group is creating a growing demand for long term care institutions. The present study aims to investigate the prevalence of and factors associated with constipation in elderly residents of long stay care institutions. Method : The study involved 87 individuals. The data collected from each participant included gender, daily intake of water and fiber, physical activity, family history of constipation and nutritional status. The diagnosis of constipation was based on Roma III criteria. Statistical analysis was performed with the SPSS software program (version 18.0) with a level of significance of 5% (p≤0.05). The Student t, Mann-Whitney, Pearson's chi-square or Fischer's exact tests were employed. Results : The sample was predominantly female (80.5%), with a mean age of 79.4(±9.6) years. A 42.52% prevalence of constipation was observed. Among affected individuals, the condition was more frequent among women (89.2%), those aged over 80 years (67.6%), those who did not engage in physical activity (56.8%), those with below the recommended intake of water and fiber, those who had a family history of constipation, and those who were diagnosed with eutrophia (56.3%). Among the factors analyzed, only age (p=0.049) and low fiber intake (p=0.019) were significantly linked to constipation. Conclusion : The results show that constipation is a multifactorial disease that is significantly related to age and low fiber intake.

Introduction: cardiovascular diseases are the main cause of morbidity worldwide. Such prevalence justifies the importance of functional foods that promote cardiovascular health, like β-glucan present in oats, with potential hypocholesterolemic and hypoglycemic effects. Objective: to evaluate the effects of an intervention with oats in blood glucose levels, HOMA-IR index, lipid profile, weight and Body Mass Index (BMI) of adult users of a health service in the interior of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. Methods: longitudinal study, case-control type with before and after experiment, conducted with individuals that are 22-60 years old, users of a health service. The individuals were distributed in Control (usual diet) and Case (usual diet + 40 g oats/day) groups. There was performed, at the beginning of the study and after eight weeks of monitoring, measuring of height and weight, calculation of BMI (kg/m²), blood collection for measurement of fasting glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, triglycerides and HDL cholesterol; and there were calculated the LDL cholesterol and HOMA-IR index. The data was expressed as mean ± standard deviation and percentages. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Student t test, Mann-Whitney and Wilcoxon tests were applied. A significance level of 5% was adopted (p<0.05). Results: the sample consisted of 82 subjects, divided into cases (n = 38) and controls (n = 44), mean age 40.07±10.49 years old, 58.5% were women. Comparing the results of all measured parameters at baseline and after eight weeks of monitoring, the Control group did not achieve a significant reduction in any parameter, showing a significant increase in blood glucose and HOMA- IR (p<0.05). The Intervention group had a significant reduction of all anthropometric and biochemical parameters analyzed (p<0.001). Conclusion: the findings demonstrate the beneficial effects of oats to cardiovascular health through significantly improving of the lipid and glycemic profiles, being a potential adjuvant in the prevention and treatment of metabolic disorders.

Introducción: las enfermedades cardiovasculares son la principal causa mundial de morbilidad y mortalidad. Esta prevalencia justifica la importancia de los alimentos funcionales que promueven la salud cardiovascular, como el β-glucano, presente en la avena, con potenciales efectos hipocolesterolémicos e hipoglucemiantes. Objetivo: evaluar los efectos de una intervención con la harina de avena en los niveles de glucosa en sangre, el índice HOMA-IR, el perfil de lipidos, el peso y el índice de masa corporal (IMC) de los usuarios adultos de un servicio de salud en Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Metodos: estudio longitudinal, controlado, realizado con personas de 22-60 años de edad, usuarios de un servicio de salud. Los individuos fueron asignados al grupo control (dieta habitual) o grupo Case (dieta habitual + 40 g de avena/dia). Al inicio del estudio y después de ocho semanas de seguimiento se evaluaron el peso y la altura, calculado IMC, la sangre recolectada para la medición de glucemia en ayunas, insulina, trigliceridos, colesterol total y colesterol HDL; y se calculo el colesterol LDL y el índice HOMA-IR. Los datos se expresan como media �± desviación estandar y porcentajes. Se aplicaron el test Kolmogorov-Smirnov, la t de Student, el test Mann-Whitney y las pruebas de Wilcoxon. Se adoptó un nivel de significación del 5% (p<0,05). Resultados: la muestra estuvo constituida por 82 sujetos, divididos en casos (n = 38) y controles (n = 44) con una edad media de 40,07�±10,49 años, 58,5% mujeres. Comparando los resultados de todos los parámetros medidos al inicio del estudio y despues de ocho semanas de seguimiento, el grupo de control no obtuvo una reducción significativa en ningun parametro, mostrando un aumentó significativo de la glucosa en sangre y HOMA-IR (p<0,05). El grupo de intervención obtuvo una reducción significativa de todos los indicadores antropometricos y bioquímicos analizados (p<0,001). Conclusion: los resultados demuestran los efectos beneficiosos de la avena para la salud cardiovascular, mejorando significativamente los perfiles de lípidos y la glucemia, por lo que constituye un adyuvante potencial en la prevención y tratamiento de los trastornos metabólicos.

The nutritional assessment may detect a state of malnutrition, overweight and cardiometabolic risk in the elderly. Easy to apply instruments enable the identification of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Objective: to analyze the applicability of Visceral Adiposity Index (VAI) in the prediction of MS components in the elderly. Methods: cross-sectional study with 221 elderly at a mean age of 70.65 ± 7.34 years; 53.4% female and 46.4% male. Weight, height, waist circumference (WC), fasting glucose, triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), and blood pressure (BP), data was obtained, as well as information about lifestyle. There were calculated the Body Mass Index (BMI), the Waist-Hip Ratio (WHR), and the VAI. The adiposity measures were compared with the components of MS, and for the VAI there was determined the capability of predicting the occurrence of MS components. Results: by analyzing the association among the biochemical and pressoric variables and MS components with the anthropometric indicators of obesity, there was a direct and significant correlation of the BMI, the weight and the VAI with blood glucose, HDL and TG (p<0.01); the VAI was the indicator with the strongest correlation for all parameters. The WC associated significantly with the HDL and the TG, and the WHR only with the HDL. Regarding to the applicability of the VAI in the determination of the relative risk of occurrence of MS components, the VAI was good predictor of abdominal obesity (OR = 1.27, p<0.001), hyperglycemia (OR = 1.10, p=0.043), hypertriglyceridemia (OR = 3.64, p<0.001) and low HDL-c (OR = 2.26, p<0.001). Conclusion: the VAI showed association with components of the metabolic syndrome in men and women with increased risk of abdominal obesity, hyperglycemia, hypertriglyceridemia, and low HDL-c, proving to be a good predictor of MS components in the elderly.

La evaluación nutricional puede detectar un estado de desnutrición, sobrepeso y riesgo cardiometabólico en los ancianos. Fácil de aplicar, los instrumentos permiten la identificación de factores de riesgo de enfermedades cardiovasculares (ECV). Objetivo: analizar la aplicabilidad del Índice de Adiposidad Visceral (VAI) en la predicción de los componentes del SM en los ancianos. Métodos: estudio transversal con 221 personas mayores con una edad media de 70,65 ± 7,34 años; 53,4% mujeres y 46,4% hombres. Se obtuvieron peso, talla, circunferencia de la cintura (CC), glucosa en ayunas, triglicéridos (TG), colesterol total (CT), colesterol HDL (HDL-C), colesterol LDL (LDL-C) y presión arterial (PA), así como información acerca del estilo de vida. No se calcularon el índice de masa corporal (IMC), la relación cintura-cadera (WHR) y el VAI. Las medidas de adiposidad se compararon con los componentes de la MS, y para el VAI no se determinó la capacidad de predecir la ocurrencia de los componentes del SM. Resultados: el análisis de la asociación entre las variables bioquímicas y de presión y los componentes del SM con los indicadores antropométricos de obesidad evidencia que existe una correlación directa y significativa entre el índice de masa corporal, el peso y el VAI con la glucosa en sangre, colesterol HDL y TG (p < 0,01); el VAI fue el indicador con la correlación más fuerte para todos los parámetros. El WC se asoció significativamente con el HDL y TG, y el RHO solo con el HDL. En lo que respecta a la aplicabilidad de la VAI en la determinación del riesgo relativo de aparición de los componentes del SM, el VAI era buen predictor de obesidad abdominal (OR = 1,27, p < 0,001), hiperglucemia (OR = 1,10, p = 0,043), hipertrigliceridemia (OR = 3,64, p < 0,001) y bajos niveles de HDL-c (OR = 2,26, p < 0,001). Conclusión: el VAI mostró asociación con componentes del síndrome metabólico en los hombres y las mujeres con mayor riesgo de obesidad abdominal, hiperglucemia, hipertrigliceridemia y bajos niveles de HDL-c, demostrando ser un buen predictor de componentes del SM en los ancianos.

Introduction: The excessive concentration of fat in the abdominal region is related to a higher risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD). Studies have been performed to identify simple and effective indicators of abdominal obesity and associated cardiometabolic risk through the use of simple parameters such as anthropometric and biochemical measures. The Triglyceride / High-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (TG/HDL-c) has been proposed as a more practical and easy to use atherogenic marker, along with the Waist-to-Height Ratio (WHtR), which makes a superior tool for separating cardiometabolic risk related to overweight/obesity when comparing to Body Mass Index (BMI). Objective: To verify the applicability of the WHtR and the TG/HDL-c ratio as predictors of cardiometabolic risk. Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed at the Department of Nutrition of the UNIVATES University Center, where the participant�fs anthropometric and biochemical data were collected. Statistical analysis was performed by the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software (SPSS) 20.0, with a significance level of 5% (p < 0.05). Results: A total of 498 individuals took part on this research, 77.5% female and with a mean age of 25.5�±6.5. A high percentage of fat was found in both men and women (19.9 �±5.80% and 29.24�±5.43%, respectively). The prevalence of overweight/obesity (BMI ≥ 25Kg/m²) was 35.05%. The WHtR marker was significantly correlated to Low-density Lipoprotein Cholesterol (LDL-c), Triglyceride (TG) and Anthropometric BMI values, waist circumference (WC) and body fat percentage (BF%). For the TG/HDL-c ratio, there was a positive and significant correlation to the same markers, beyond TC. There was also a correlation between WHtR and TG/HDL-c, and both presented a negative and significant correlation with HDL-c. Conclusion: WHtR and TG/HDL-c values were found to be good markers for the cardiometabolic risk ratio in the studied sample. Several studies, original articles and academic reviews confirm the use of the WHtR or TG/ HDL-c markers for that purpose in adults. Key-words: Waist-to-Heigth Ratio (WHtR); Triglyceride/ High-density-lipoprotein Cholesterol (TG/HDL-c) Ratio; Cardiometabolic Risk.

Introduccion: La concentracion excesiva de grasa en la region abdominal se relaciona con un mayor riesgo de desarrollar enfermedad cardiovascular (ECV). Se han realizado estudios para identificar los indicadores simples y eficaces de la obesidad abdominal y el riesgo cardiometabolico asociados con el uso de parametros simples, como las medidas antropometricas y bioquimicas. El / alta densidad de colesterol de lipoproteinas de trigliceridos (TG / HDL-c) se ha propuesto como un enfoque mas practico y facil de usar marcador aterogenico, junto con la relacion cintura-estatura (RCEst), lo que hace que una herramienta superior para separar cardiometabolico riesgos relacionados con el sobrepeso / obesidad cuando se compara con el indice de masa corporal (IMC). Objetivo: Verificar la aplicabilidad de la RCEst y la relacion TG / HDL-c como predictores de riesgo cardiometabolico. Metodos: Este estudio transversal se llevo a cabo en el Departamento de Nutricion del Centro Universitario UNIVATES, donde se recogieron datos antropometricos y bioquimicos de los participantes. El analisis estadistico se realizo mediante el paquete estadistico para el software de Ciencias Sociales (SPSS) 20,0, con un nivel de significacion del 5% (p <0,05). Resultados: Un total de 498 personas participaron en esta investigacion, el 77,5% de mujeres y con una edad media de 25,5 �± 6,5. Un alto porcentaje de grasa se encuentra en hombres y mujeres (19,9 �± 5,80% y 29,24 �± 5,43%, respectivamente). La prevalencia de sobrepeso / obesidad (IMC ≥ 25 kg / m²) fue 35,05%. El marcador RCEst se correlaciono significativamente con baja densidad de colesterol de lipoproteinas (LDL-c), trigliceridos (TG) y antropometricos IMC valores, la circunferencia de la cintura (CC) y el porcentaje de grasa corporal (% GC). Para la relacion TG / HDL-c, hubo una correlación positiva y significativa para los mismos marcadores, más allá de TC. También hubo una correlación entre la RCEst y TG / HDL-c, y ambos presentaron una correlación negativa y significativa con el HDL-c. Conclusión: No se encontraron valores RCEst y TG / HDL-c para ser buenos marcadores de la razón de riesgo cardiometabólico en la muestra estudiada. Varios estudios, artículos originales y revisiones académicas confirman el uso de la RCEst o marcadores TG / HDL-c para tal fin en los adultos.

The perception of body image of adolescents is an instrument for nutritional assessment to health conditions. Objective: To verify the body image perception of adolescents and their parents in relation to nutritional status and blood pressure levels. Methods: Population-based study, and cross-sectional model, conducted with parents and adolescents aged 10- 19 years old, in rural and urban zones in public schools. There was applied the Scale silhouettes for parents about the perception of the described body image and a question about the concern of the nutritional status of their children. There were verified the blood pressure, weight, height and waist circumference, the BMI (kg/m²) calculation of the adolescents, and the self-perceived body image. The data was expressed as average ± standard deviation and percentages. Results: The sample consisted of 914 adolescents with a mean age of 13.12 ± 2.17 years, 56.8% female and 68.9% were eutrophic. As for blood pressure levels, 17.6% were classified in pre-hypertensive, 18.8% in stage 1 hypertension and 6% in stage 2. About the self-perception, 68% considered themselves being eutrophic and 64.75% of the parents classified their children as eutrophic. There was observed a direct and significant correlation among the body mass index, waist circumference, weight, systemic and diastolic blood pressure with the self-perception of the adolescents and the body image perceptions of the parents (p<0.001). Conclusion: The nutritional status was significantly correlated with blood pressure, waist circumference and body image perceptions of the adolescents and their respective parents.

La percepción de la imagen corporal de los adolescentes de un instrumento para la evaluación nutricional de las condiciones de salud. Objetivo: Verificar la percepción de la imagen corporal de los adolescentes y sus padres en relación con los niveles de estado y la presión arterial nutricionales. Métodos: Estudio poblacional, y el modelo de la sección transversal, realizada con los padres y adolescentes de 10 a 19 años de edad, en las zonas rurales y urbanas en las escuelas públicas. Se aplicó la Escala de siluetas de los padres acerca de la percepción de la imagen corporal descrita y una pregunta acerca de la preocupación de la situación nutricional de sus hijos. No se verificaron la circunferencia de la presión arterial, peso, altura y cintura, el IMC (kg/m²) cálculo de los adolescentes, y la imagen corporal de la percepción subjetiva. Los datos se expresaron como media ± desviación estándar y porcentajes. Resultados: La muestra estuvo constituida por 914 adolescentes con una edad media de 13,12 ± 2,17 años, 56,8% mujeres y 68,9% eran eutróficos. En cuanto a los niveles de presión arterial, el 17,6% fueron clasificados en pre-hipertensos, 18,8% en la etapa 1 de hipertensión y el 6% en la etapa 2. Sobre la percepción de sí mismo, el 68% se consideraban ser eutróficos y 64,75% de los padres a sus hijos como clasificado eutróficos. No se observó una correlación directa y significativa entre el índice de masa corporal, circunferencia de la cintura, el peso, la presión arterial sistémica y diastólica con la auto-percepción de los adolescentes y la percepción de imagen corporal de los padres (p <0,001). Conclusión: El estado nutricional se correlacionó significativamente con la presión arterial, circunferencia de la cintura y la percepción de imagen corporal de los adolescentes y sus respectivos padres.

Introduction: The phenolic compounds present in olive leaves (Olea europaea L.) confer benefits to the human health. Objectives: To review the scientific literature about the benefits of the polyphenols of olive leaves to human health. Method: Literature review in the LILACS-BIREME, SciELO and MEDLINE databases for publications in English, Portuguese and Spanish with the descriptors "Olea europaea", "olive leaves", "olive leaf", "olive leaves extracts", "olive leaf extracts", "phenolic compounds", "polyphenols", "oleuropein", "chemical composition", and "health". There were identified 92 articles, but only 38 related to the objectives of the study and 9 articles cited in the works were included due to their relevance. Results and discussion: The phenolic compounds present in olive leaves, especially the oleuropein, are associated to antioxidant, antihypertensive, hypoglycemic, hypocholesterolemic and cardioprotective activity. Furthermore, studies associate the oleuropein to an anti-inflammatory effect in trauma of the bone marrow and as a support in the treatment of obesity.

Introducción: Los compuestos fenólicos presentes en las hojas del olivo (olea europaea l.) conferir beneficios para la salud humana. Objetivos: Revisar la literatura científica sobre los beneficios de los polifenoles de hojas de olivo para la salud humana. Método: Revisión de la literatura en las bases de datos lilacs-bireme, scielo y medline para publicaciones en inglés, portugués y español con los descriptores "olea europaea", "hojas de olivo", "hoja de olivo", "hojas de olivo extractos", "los extractos de hoja de olivo", "compuestos fenólicos", "polifenoles", "oleuropeína", "composición química", y "salud". Se identificaron 92 artículos, pero sólo 38 en relación con los objetivos del estudio y 9 artículos citados en las obras se incluyeron debido a su relevancia. Resultados y discusión: Los compuestos fenólicos presentes en las hojas del olivo, especialmente la oleuropeína, se asocian a antioxidante, antihipertensivo, hipoglucemiante, actividad hipocolesterolémico y cardioprotector. además, los estudios asocian la oleuropeína a un efecto anti-inflamatorio en trauma de la médula ósea y como soporte en el tratamiento de la obesidad.

Introduction: The infestation by mites of stored products is of great economic importance and public health, with consequences to human health. Objectives: To describe the mite species associated to food and stored products that cause implications to human health as well as to analyze the loss of quality and nutritional composition of infested food. Method: Literature review in LILACS-BIREME, SciELO and MEDLINE databases for publications in English, Portuguese and Spanish with the descriptors “mites”, “foods”, “storage mites”, “store product mites”, “dust mites”, “quality control”, “quality foods”, “chemical composition”, “chemistry”, “allergens” and “health”. There were identified 80 articles, but only 55 were related to the objectives of the study. Sixteen references were mentioned in the articles that were found after checked for relevance. Results and discussion: The activity of the mites causes loss of sanitary quality, weight and nutritional composition of the infested products, with great economic loss in the grain industry. Inhalation, ingestion or contact of mites, byproducts of metabolism and feces may sensitize susceptible individuals and cause asthma, allergic rhinitis, contact dermatitis, enteritis and lead to anaphylaxis. The monitoring of temperature and humidity is essential for the control of mites, as well as better conservation and hygiene of the units of grain storage.

Introducción: La infestación por ácaros de productos almacenados es de gran importancia económica y de salud pública, con consecuencias para la salud humana. Objetivos: Describir las especies de ácaros asociados a los productos alimenticios almacenados y que causan consecuencias para la salud humana, así como para analizar la pérdida de la calidad y la composición nutricional de los alimentos infestados. Método: Revisión de la literatura en LILACS-BIREME, SciELO y MEDLINE bases de datos de las publicaciones en Inglés, portugués y español con los descriptores “ácaros”, “alimentos”, “ácaros de almacenamiento”, “los ácaros del producto de su tienda”, “los ácaros del polvo”, “calidad control “,” alimentos de calidad “,” composición química “,” química “,” alérgenos “y” salud “. Se identificaron 80 artículos, pero sólo 55 estaban relacionados con los objetivos del estudio. Dieciséis referencias fueron mencionados en los artículos que se encontraron después de verificado su relevancia. Resultados y discusión: La actividad de los ácaros causan pérdida de calidad sanitaria, el peso y la composición nutricional de los productos infestados, con grandes pérdidas económicas en la industria del grano. La inhalación, ingestión o contacto de los ácaros, subproductos del metabolismo y las heces pueden sensibilizar individuos susceptibles y causar asma, rinitis alérgica, dermatitis de contacto, enteritis y conducir a la anafilaxis. El control de la temperatura y la humedad es esencial para el control de ácaros, así como una mejor conservación y la higiene de las unidades de almacenamiento de grano.

Este estudo teve como objetivo conhecer a percepção e preferência de gestantes e puérperas sobre o parto vaginal e cesáreo. Pesquisa transversal, de caráter exploratório, com abordagem quanti-qualitativa, ocorrida em quatro Unidades Básicas de Saúde (UBSs) de um município de pequeno porte do Vale do Taquari. A amostra foi composta por 81 gestantes, o que significa 20,88% dos nascimentos anuais, e 28,72% das gestantes cadastradas no Sistema de Informações do Programa de Humanização do Pré-Natal e Nascimento do Ministério da Saúde (SISPRENATAL); destas, 75% (n=61) preferem o parto vaginal e 25% (n=20), o parto abdominal. Estes dados indicam que a preferência referida pelas gestantes não influencia no tipo de parto realizado, pois o índice de cesáreas do município em questão é de 89%. Foram entrevistadas três puérperas que realizaram partos abdominais e na concepção destas o parto vaginal oferece mais risco na parturição. Conclui-se que a humanização da atenção no pré-natal e ao parto, com indicação médica baseada em evidências, pode contribuir para a redução do percentual de cesarianas, pois o estudo mostra que estas não têm ocorrido, na maioria das vezes, por escolha da mulher.

This study aimed to assess the perception and preference of pregnant and postpartum women for vaginal and cesarean section. Cross-sectional survey of exploratory, quantitative and qualitative approach, which occurred in four Basic Health Units (BHUs) of a small city's of Taquari Valley. The sample consisted of 81 pregnant women, which means 20.88% of annual births, and 28.72% of pregnant women registered in System Information Program for Humanization of Prenatal and Birth of the Ministry of Health (SISPRENATAL); of these, 75% (n=61) would prefer the vaginal and 25% (n=20), abdominal delivery. These data indicates that the preference reported by pregnant women is not influencing the type of delivery, because the rate of cesarean delivery in the municipality in question is 89%. Three postpartum women who underwent abdominal delivery and for these vaginal birth is more risky during labor were interviewed. It is clear that one is necessary to perform more humanized care in prenatal and delivery care, along with medical recommendations, so that it can reduce the cesarean delivery and induce abdominal delivery and the belief that this offers less risk in parturition.

OBJETIVO: Verificar os fatores de risco que interferem no estado nutricional dos idosos socialmente ativos de um município do interior do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul. MÉTODOS: Estudo do tipo transversal, do qual participaram voluntariamente 284 idosos. Foi aplicado questionário individual estruturado contendo questões relativas aos hábitos alimentares e foram coletados os dados antropométricos (peso, altura, circunferência da cintura). RESULTADOS: 60,3% dos homens e 62,5% das mulheres estavam com sobrepeso. Com base na avaliação da circunferência da cintura, verificou-se um risco muito aumentado para o desenvolvimento de doenças cardiovasculares em 98,5% dos homens e 92,5% das mulheres. A maioria das mulheres (56,9%) informou usar algum medicamento contínuo, enquanto que entre os homens (52,5%), a maioria respondeu não consumir nenhum medicamento. Não se observou diferença significativa entre os diferentes estados nutricionais e os hábitos alimentares investigados. Entre os casados, o sobrepeso foi encontrado em 47,1% dos homens e em 35,6% das mulheres. CONCLUSÃO: A maioria da população idosa estudada apresentou sobrepeso e circunferência da cintura elevada entre homens e mulheres. Não se observou associação entre o estado nutricional e o número de refeições, ingestão de água, consumo diário de frutas e verduras, tipo de leite ingerido, consumo semanal de carnes, doces, frituras e leguminosas.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the factors affecting the nutritional status of socially active elderly in a municipality in the countryside of Rio Grande do Sul state, Brazil. METHODS: A cross-sectional study where 284 subjects participated voluntarily. A structured individual questionnaire containing questions relating to eating habits was administered and anthropometric data (weight, height, waist circumference) were collected. RESULTS: 60.3% of men and 62.5% of women were overweight. Based on the assessment of waist circumference (WC) there was increased risk for developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) in 98.5% of men and 92.5% women. Most women (56.9%) reported some solid drug use, whereas among men (52.5%), most reported no medicine consumption. No significant difference between the different nutritional status and dietary habits investigated was observed. Among married, overweight was found in 47.1% of men and 35.6% of women. CONCLUSION: The majority of the elderly population was overweight and waist circumference was large among men and women. No association between nutritional status and the number of meals, water intake, daily intake of fruits and vegetables, type of milk consumed, weekly consumption of meat, candies, fried foods and legumes was observed.

OBJETIVO: Analisar fatores associados à Hipertensão Arterial Sistêmica (HAS) e sua relação com o estado nutricional de indivíduos hipertensos cadastrados no programa Hiperdia em um município do Rio Grande do Sul. MÉTODOS: Foram avaliados indivíduos hipertensos cadastrados no Hiperdia. Os dados referentes aos fatores associados à hipertensão foram coletados por meio de um questionário semiestruturado composto pelas seguintes variáveis: idade, escolaridade, exercício físico, tabagismo, medicamentos consumidos, herança genética, doenças crônicas, peso, altura e circunferência da cintura. RESULTADOS: Entre os 402 hipertensos estudados, 138 (34,3%) eram adultos e 264 (65,7%) eram idosos, sendo que a maioria era do gênero feminino. A prevalência de excesso de peso foi de 76,8% em adultos enquanto 35% dos idosos apresentaram peso normal. Quando comparadas as faixas etárias, 11% dos idosos estavam significativamente associados ao analfabetismo. Os adultos e idosos apresentaram média de circunferência da cintura e classificação do IMC acima dos níveis desejados. CONCLUSÃO: Neste estudo, a HAS foi associada a níveis pressóricos aumentados com o avanço da idade, excesso de peso, circunferência da cintura elevada, baixa escolaridade, fumo e consumo de bebida alcoólica. O excesso de peso configurou-se como um dos fatores mais agravantes nessa população.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze factors associated with hypertension and its relation with nutritional status of hypertensive subjects enrolled in the program Hiperdia in a municipality of Rio Grande do Sul. METHODS: We evaluated patients with hypertension enrolled in Hiperdia. The data related with risk factors for hypertension were collected through a semi structured questionnaire composed of the following variables: age, education, exercise, smoking, drugs consumed, genetics, chronic diseases, weight, height and waist circumference. RESULTS: Among the 402 hypertensive patients studied, 138 (34.3%) were adults and 264 (65.7%) were elderly, and the majority were female. The prevalence of overweight was 76.8% in adults, while 35% of them were normal weight. When compared the ages, 11% of the elderly were significantly associated with illiteracy. The adults and the elderly presented waist circumference and BMI classification above desired levels. CONCLUSION: In this study, hypertension was associated with increase of age, excess of weight, waist circumference, low education, smoking and alcohol consumption. Excess of weight was configured as one of the most aggravating factors in this population.