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Abstract Objective To evaluate the impact of the race (Black versus non-Black) on maternal and perinatal outcomes of pregnant women with COVID-19 in Brazil. Methods This is a subanalysis of REBRACO, a Brazilian multicenter cohort study designed to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on pregnant women. From February2020 until February 2021, 15 maternity hospitals in Brazil collected data on women with respiratory symptoms. We selected all women with a positive test for COVID-19; then, we divided them into two groups: Black and non-Black women. Finally, we compared, between groups, sociodemographic, maternal, and perinatal outcomes. We obtained the frequency of events in each group and compared them using X2 test; p-values < 0.05 were considered significant. We also estimated the odds ratio (OR) and confidence intervals (CI). Results 729 symptomatic women were included in the study; of those, 285 were positive for COVID-19, 120 (42.1%) were Black, and 165 (57.9%) were non-Black. Black women had worse education (p = 0.037). The timing of access to the health system was similar between both groups, with 26.3% being included with seven or more days of symptoms. Severe acute respiratory syndrome (OR 2.22 CI 1.17–4.21), intensive care unit admission (OR 2.00 CI 1.07–3.74), and desaturation at admission (OR 3.72 CI 1.41–9.84) were more likely to occur among Black women. Maternal death was higher among Black women (7.8% vs. 2.6%, p = 0.048). Perinatal outcomes were similar between both groups. Conclusion Brazilian Black women were more likely to die due to the consequences of COVID-19.

Resumo Objetivo Avaliar o impacto da raça (negra versus não negra) nos desfechos maternos e perinatais de gestantes com COVID-19 no Brasil. Métodos Esta é uma subanálise da REBRACO, um estudo de coorte multicêntrico brasileiro desenhado para avaliar o impacto da COVID-19 em mulheres grávidas. De fevereiro de 2020 a fevereiro de 2021, 15 maternidades do Brasil coletaram dados de mulheres com sintomas respiratórios. Selecionamos todas as mulheres com teste positivo para COVID-19; em seguida, as dividimos em dois grupos: mulheres negras e não negras. Finalmente, comparamos, entre os grupos, os resultados sociodemográficos, maternos e perinatais. Obtivemos a frequência dos eventos em cada grupo e comparamos usando o teste X2; Valores de p <0,05 foram considerados significativos. Também estimamos o odds ratio (OR) e os intervalos de confiança (IC). Resultados 729 mulheres sintomáticas foram incluídas no estudo; desses, 285 foram positivos para COVID-19, 120 (42,1%) eram negros e 165 (57,9%) não eram negros. As mulheres negras apresentaram pior escolaridade (p = 0,037). O tempo de acesso ao sistema de saúde foi semelhante entre os dois grupos, com 26,3% incluídos com sete ou mais dias de sintomas. Síndrome respiratória aguda grave (OR 2,22 CI 1,17–4,21), admissão em unidade de terapia intensiva (OR 2,00 CI 1,07–3,74) e dessaturação na admissão (OR 3,72 CI 1,41–9,84) foram mais prováveis de ocorrer entre mulheres negras. A mortalidade materna foi maior entre as negras (7,8% vs. 2,6%, p = 0,048). Os resultados perinatais foram semelhantes entre os dois grupos. Conclusão Mulheres negras brasileiras tiveram maior probabilidade de morrer devido às consequências da COVID-19.

https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1770133

COVID-19 outcomes in people living with HIV: Peering through the waves
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Sales, Thaís Lorenna Souza

; Souza-Silva, Maíra Viana Rego

; Delfino-Pereira, Polianna

; Neves, João Victor Baroni

; Sacioto, Manuela Furtado

; Assis, Vivian Costa Morais de

; Duani, Helena

; Oliveira, Neimy Ramos de

; Sampaio, Natália da Cunha Severino

; Ramos, Lucas Emanuel Ferreira

; Schwarzbold, Alexandre Vargas

; Jorge, Alzira de Oliveira

; Scotton, Ana Luiza Bahia Alves

; Castro, Bruno Mateus de

; Silva, Carla Thais Cândida Alves da

; Ramos, Carolina Marques

; Anschau, Fernando

; Botoni, Fernando Antonio

; Grizende, Genna Maira Santos

; Nascimento, Guilherme Fagundes

; Ruschel, Karen Brasil

; Menezes, Luanna Silva Monteiro

; Castro, Luís César de

; Nasi, Luiz Antônio

; Carneiro, Marcelo

; Godoy, Mariana Frizzo de

; Nogueira, Matheus Carvalho Alves

; Guimarães Júnior, Milton Henriques

; Ziegelmann, Patricia Klarmann

; Almeida, Rafaela Charão de

; Francisco, Saionara Cristina

; Silveira Neto, Sidney Teodoro

; Araújo, Silvia Ferreira

; Avelino-Silva, Thiago Junqueira

; Aliberti, Márlon Juliano Romero

; Pires, Magda Carvalho

; Silva, Eduardo Sérgio da

; Marcolino, Milena Soriano

Clinics

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2023, Volume 78 elocation 100223

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Objective To evaluate clinical characteristics and outcomes of COVID-19 patients infected with HIV, and to compare with a paired sample without HIV infection. Methods This is a substudy of a Brazilian multicentric cohort that comprised two periods (2020 and 2021). Data was obtained through the retrospective review of medical records. Primary outcomes were admission to the intensive care unit, invasive mechanical ventilation, and death. Patients with HIV and controls were matched for age, sex, number of comorbidities, and hospital of origin using the technique of propensity score matching (up to 4:1). They were compared using the Chi-Square or Fisher's Exact tests for categorical variables and the Wilcoxon for numerical variables. Results Throughout the study, 17,101 COVID-19 patients were hospitalized, and 130 (0.76%) of those were infected with HIV. The median age was 54 (IQR: 43.0;64.0) years in 2020 and 53 (IQR: 46.0;63.5) years in 2021, with a predominance of females in both periods. People Living with HIV (PLHIV) and their controls showed similar prevalence for admission to the ICU and invasive mechanical ventilation requirement in the two periods, with no significant differences. In 2020, in-hospital mortality was higher in the PLHIV compared to the controls (27.9% vs. 17.7%; p = 0.049), but there was no difference in mortality between groups in 2021 (25.0% vs. 25.1%; p > 0.999). Conclusions Our results reiterate that PLHIV were at higher risk of COVID-19 mortality in the early stages of the pandemic, however, this finding did not sustain in 2021, when the mortality rate is similar to the control group.

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.clinsp.2023.100223

Caracterización de lesiones duodenales y su sobrevida
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Núñez V., Julio

; Rubel C., Sergio

; Cavada C., Gabriel

; Segovia G., Laura

; Matus F., Carlos

; Sa Cunha, Antonio

; Rodríguez A., Vilma

; Abularach C., Rodrigo

Revista de cirugía

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oct 2020, Volume 72 N. 5 Pages 411 - 417

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Introduction: Duodenal lesions are infrequent. Aim: To characterize patients with duodenal lesions observed between January 2008 and December 2013 at the Southern Metropolitan Health Service, in Santiago, Chile. Materials and Method: Data were obtained from the Barros Luco Trudeau Hospital and El Pino Hospital records. The patients included were those observed between January 2008 and December 2013. Age, gender, clinical characteristics, location, diagnostic methods, anatomopathological findings and treatment were analyzed. On April 24th 2019 was obtained the date of death of all patients at the National Civil Registry. The statistical analysis was performed with the software STATA 15.1. Results: 157 patients with duodenal lesions were found, 65 presented duodenal adenocarcinoma and 71 patients had duodenal polyps, 25 of them were adenomas. Univariate analysis of survival showed that patients with polyps associated with carcinoma and duodenal adenocarcinomas had a lower survival rate (p = 0.013, HR 6.584 y p < 0.001, HR 7.604, respectively). In patients with duodenal adenocarcinoma, those who underwent surgery with curative intent, and those who receive chemotherapy had a better overall survival than those who did not received therapy (p < 0.001, HR 0.351 y p = 0.001, HR 0.276, respectively). Discussion: We propose endoscopic study in at-risk populations and treatment with curative intent for patients with duodenal adenocarcinoma without distant metastases. The estimated incidence of duodenal adenocarcinoma in our population is 1.1 per 100,000 inhabitants and seem to be higher than other published.

Resumen Introducción: Las lesiones duodenales son infrecuentes. Objetivo: Caracterizar a los pacientes con lesiones duodenales observados entre enero de 2008 y diciembre de 2013 en el Servicio de Salud Metropolitano Sur, en Santiago de Chile. Materiales y Método: Se obtuvieron los datos de los registros del Hospital Barros Luco Trudeau y Hospital El Pino. Los pacientes incluidos fueron los observados entre enero de 2008 y diciembre de 2013. Se analizaron edad, género, características clínicas, localización, métodos diagnósticos, hallazgos anatomopatológicos y tratamiento. El 24 de abril de 2019 se obtuvo la fecha de fallecimiento de todos los pacientes del Registro Civil. El análisis estadístico se realizó con el software STATA 15.1. Resultados: Se encontraron 157 pacientes con lesiones duodenales, 65 presentaron adenocarcinoma duodenal y 71 pacientes pólipos duodenales, 25 de ellos fueron adenomas. Análisis univariado de sobrevida evidenció que los pacientes con pólipos asociado a carcinoma y los adenocarcinomas duodenales, presentaron una sobrevida inferior (p = 0,013, HR 6,584 y p < 0,001, HR 7,604, respectivamente). En los pacientes con adenocarcinoma duodenal, aquellos que se sometieron a una cirugía con intención curativa, y aquellos que recibieron quimioterapia tuvieron una sobrevida global mejor que aquellos que no recibieron terapia (p < 0,001, HR 0,351 y p = 0,001, HR 0,276, respectivamente. Discusión: La incidencia estimada del adenocarcinoma duodenal en nuestra población es de 1,1 por cada 100.000 habitantes, la que es más alta que otras publicadas. Proponemos estudio endoscópico en poblaciones de riesgo y tratamiento con intención curativa para los pacientes con adenocarcinoma duodenal sin metástasis a distancia.

https://doi.org/10.35687/s2452-45492020005638 1490 downloads

Synergistic Effect of Disease Severity, Anxiety Symptoms and Elderly Age on the Quality of Life of Outpatients with Heart Failure
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Figueiredo, José Henrique Cunha

; Oliveira, Gláucia Maria Moraes de

; Pereira, Basílio Bragança

; Figueiredo, Ana Elisa Bastos

; Nascimento, Emília Matos

; Garcia, Marcelo Iorio

; Xavier, Sergio Salles

Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia

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jan 2020, Volume 114 N. 1 Pages 25 - 32

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Fundamento: A insuficiência cardíaca (IC) é uma síndrome multifatorial com repercussões sobre a qualidade de vida (QV). Objetivo: Investigar os principais fatores que interagem e pioram a qualidade de vida de pacientes ambulatoriais com IC. Métodos: Estudo transversal observacional com 99 pacientes, de ambos os sexos, atendidos no ambulatório de IC de um hospital universitário, todos com uma fração de ejeção reduzida (<40%) pela ecocardiografia. Os participantes foram avaliados usando-se um questionário sociodemográfico, um questionário clínico, o Minnesota Living with Heart Failure (MLwHF), e Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HADS). QV foi a variável de desfecho. Foram usados dois modelos de análise multivariada, a regressão beta (paramétrica) e a árvore de regressão (não paramétrica), considerando um p < 0,05 e 0,05 < p < 0,10 para significância estatística e clínica, respectivamente. Resultados: A análise por regressão beta mostrou que os sintomas de depressão e ansiedade pioraram a QV de pacientes com IC, bem como o sexo masculino, idade inferior a 60 anos, nível educacional mais baixo, renda familiar mensal menor, internações recorrentes e comorbidades tais como doenças cardíacas isquêmicas e hipertensão arterial. A árvore de regressão confirmou que as classes funcionais da NYHA III e IV pioraram todas as dimensões do MLwHF, interagindo com sintomas de ansiedade, e influenciando direta ou indiretamente, a presença de pior escore total e dimensão emocional do MLwHF. Internações anteriores, na dimensão emocional, e idade inferior a 60 anos, na dimensão geral, associaram-se com ansiedade e classe funcional NYHA, piorando também a QV dos pacientes com IC. Conclusão: IC com fração de ejeção reduzida associou-se com pior resultado do MLwHF. Sintomas de ansiedade, internação prévia e idade mais jovem também associaram-se com pior MLwHF. O conhecimento desses fatores de risco pode, portanto, orientar a avaliação e o tratamento dos pacientes com IC.

Abstract Background: Heart failure (HF) is a multifactorial syndrome with repercussions on quality of life (QoL). Objectives: To investigate the main interacting factors responsible to worsen quality of life of outpatients with HF. Methods: Cross-sectional observational study with 99 patients of both genders, attending a HF outpatient clinic at a university hospital, all with a reduced ejection fraction (<40%) by echocardiography. They were evaluated using sociodemographic and clinical questionnaires, the Minnesota Living with Heart Failure (MLwHF), and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale (HADS). QoL was the outcome variable. Two multivariate models were used: the parametric beta regression analysis, and the non-parametric regression tree, considering p < 0.05 and 0.05 < p < 0.10 for statistical and clinical significance, respectively. Results: Beta regression showed that depression and anxiety symptoms worsened the QoL of HF patients, as well as male sex, age younger than 60 years old, lower education level, lower monthly family income, recurrent hospitalizations and comorbidities such as ischemic heart diseases and arterial hypertension. The regression tree confirmed that NYHA functional class III and IV worsen all dimensions of MLwHF by interacting with anxiety symptoms, which influenced directly or indirectly the presence of poorer total score and emotional dimension of MLwHF. Previous hospitalization in the emotional dimension and age younger than 60 years in general dimension were associated with anxiety and NYHA functional class, also worsening the QoL of HF patients. Conclusion: HF with reduced ejection fraction was associated with poorer MLwHF. Anxiety symptoms, previous hospitalization and younger age were also associated with worsened MLwHF. Knowledge of these risk factors can therefore guide assessment and treatment of HF patients.

https://doi.org/10.5935/abc.20190174 804 downloads

Occurrence of green tobacco sickness and associated factors in farmers residing in Dom Feliciano Municipality, Rio Grande do Sul State, Southern Region of Brazil
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Campos, Élida

; Costa, Vanessa Indio-do-Brasil da

; Alves, Sérgio Rabello

; Rosa, Ana Cristina Simões

; Geraldino, Bárbara Rodrigues

; Meira, Beatriz da Cruz

; Cunha, Valéria

; Cavalcante, Tânia Maria

; Turci, Silvana Rubano

; Sarpa, Marcia

; Otero, Ubirani Barros

Cadernos de Saúde Pública

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2020, Volume 36 N. 8 elocation e00122719

Abstract: Pt En Es | Text: Pt En Es | PDF: Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Resumo: O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a ocorrência de doença da folha verde (DFV) e fatores associados entre fumicultores familiares no Município de Dom Feliciano, Estado do Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Foi realizado um estudo transversal sobre DFV em 354 pequenos produtores de tabaco, entre outubro de 2011 e março de 2012. Foi medida a concentração urinária da cotinina, um biomarcador da exposição à nicotina, durante a temporada de colheita do tabaco. Os casos de DFV foram definidos como indivíduos com níveis urinários de cotinina ≥ 50ng/mL, que tiveram contato com folhas de tabaco em até 48 horas antes da coleta da amostra sanguínea e que relatavam pelo menos um sintoma da doença. Foi realizada uma análise logística não condicional para avaliar a associação entre DFV e as características da população. Foram identificados um total de 122 (34,5%) casos da doença, entre os quais 39% eram fumantes e 61% eram do sexo masculino. As concentrações urinárias medianas de cotinina foram 75,6ng/mL (74,1ng/mg de creatinina) para não-casos e 755,8ng/mL (632,1ng/mg de creatinina) para os casos (valor de p ≤ 0,01). A análise multivariada mostrou uma associação positiva entre DFV e tempo de exposição à luz solar, exposição a pesticidas e pior estado de saúde geral, e uma associação inversa com cultivo de lenha. O estudo identificou alta prevalência de DFV e sugere o uso da cotinina como biomarcador significativo para identificar os casos de DFV, influenciando a distribuição por sexo. Uma vez que a fumicultura envolve danos à saúde, é importante implementar medidas para prevenir os impactos para os fumicultores, de acordo com os artigos 17 e 18 da Convenção-Quadro para o Controle do Tabaco da Organização Mundial da Saúde.

Abstract: This study aimed to evaluate the occurrence of the green tobacco sickness (GTS) and its associated factors in tobacco familiar farmers residing in Dom Feliciano, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. A cross-sectional study was conducted evaluating the sickness in 354 small tobacco farmers, between October 2011 and March 2012. The urinary concentration of cotinine, a biomarker of exposure to nicotine, was determined during the tobacco harvest period. Subjects presenting cotinine urinary levels ≥ 50ng/mL, that had contact with tobacco leaves up to 48 hours before the sample collection and reported at least one disease symptom were deemed as cases. A non-conditional logistic analysis was performed to evaluate the association between GTS and the population characteristics. A total of 122 (34.5%) cases were identified, with 39% of them being smokers and 61% being males. The median cotinine urinary concentrations were 75.6ng/mL (74.1ng/mg of creatinine) for non-cases and 755.8ng/mL (632.1ng/mg of creatinine) for the cases (p-value ≤ 0.01). The multivariate analysis showed a positive association between GTS and sunlight exposure time, exposure to pesticides, worse health status, and inverse association with wood cultivation. This study presented a high GTS prevalence and suggest that the use of urinary cotinine is a significant biomarker to determine GTS cases, influencing in the distribution by sex. Once the tobacco production involves health hazards, is important to implement measures to prevent the harm caused to tobacco farmers, as set in articles 17 and 18 of the World Health Organization Framework Convention on Tobacco Control.

Resumen: Este estudio visó evaluar la ocurrencia de la enfermedad del tabaco verde (GTS por sus siglas en inglés) y sus factores asociados en pequeños agricultores de tabaco, que residen en Dom Feliciano, Rio Grande do Sul, Brasil. Se realizó un estudio transversal, evaluando la enfermedad del tabaco verde, en 354 pequeños agricultores de tabaco, entre octubre de 2011 y marzo 2012. La concentración urinaria de cotinina, un biomarcador de la exposición a la nicotina, se determinó durante el periodo de cosecha del tabaco. Los individuos que presentan niveles de cotinina urinarios ≥ 50ng/mL, que tuvieron contacto con hojas de tabaco hasta 48 horas antes de la recogida de la muestra, e informaron de al menos un síntoma de la enfermedad, fueron considerados casos. Se realizó un análisis logístico no condicional para evaluar la asociación entre GTS y las características de la población. Se identificaron un total de 122 (34,5%) casos, siendo un 39% de ellos fumadores y un 61% hombres. Las concentraciones medias de cotinina urinaria fueron 75,6ng/mL (74,1ng/mg de creatinina) para los no casos y 755,8ng/mL (632,1ng/mg de creatinina) para los casos (valor de p ≤ 0,01). El análisis multivariado mostró una asociación positiva entre el GTS y las horas de exposición a la luz solar, exposición a los pesticidas, un estatus peor de salud, y la asociación inversa con la cultura maderera. Este estudio presentó una alta prevalencia de GTS y sugiere que el uso de la cotinina urinaria es un biomarcador significativo para identificar casos de GTS, influenciando en la distribución por sexo. Debido a que la producción de tabaco implica perjuicios para la salud, es importante implementar medidas para prevenirlos en los agricultores del tabaco, como está estipulado en los artículos 17 y 18 del Convenio Marco para el Control del Tabaco de la Organización Mundial de la Salud.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311x00122719

Occurrence of green tobacco sickness and associated factors in farmers residing in Dom Feliciano Municipality, Rio Grande do Sul State, Southern Region of Brazil
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Campos, Élida

; Costa, Vanessa Indio-do-Brasil da

; Alves, Sérgio Rabello

; Rosa, Ana Cristina Simões

; Geraldino, Bárbara Rodrigues

; Meira, Beatriz da Cruz

; Cunha, Valéria

; Cavalcante, Tânia Maria

; Turci, Silvana Rubano

; Sarpa, Marcia

; Otero, Ubirani Barros

Cadernos de Saúde Pública

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2020, Volume 36 N. 8 elocation e00122719

Abstract: Pt En Es | Text: Pt En Es | PDF: Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Es

https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311x00122719 735 downloads

Prevalence, treatment, and control of dyslipidemia in diabetic participants of two brazilian cohorts: a place far from heaven
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Martins, Nestor S.

; Mello, Daniel S.S.

; Barreto, Joaquim

; Soares, Alexandre A.S.

; Breder, Ikaro

; Cunha, Jessica

; Nadruz, Wilson

; Coelho Filho, Otavio R.

; Matos-Souza, José Roberto

; Coelho, Otavio R.

; Munhoz, Daniel B.

; Silva, José Carlos Quinaglia e

; Sposito, Andrei C.

; Carvalho, Luiz Sergio F

Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira

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jan 2019, Volume 65 N. 1 Pages 3 - 8

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO OBJETIVO O diabetes é importante causa de mortalidade cardiovascular. Nos últimos anos, a mortalidade diminuiu substancialmente, mais em diabéticos do que em não diabéticos, em grande parte devido ao controle de outros fatores de risco cardiovasculares. Nosso estudo tem como objetivo analisar o controle de dislipidemia em duas coortes de diabéticos. MÉTODOS Foram estudados pacientes de duas coortes distintas, sendo 173 pacientes do BHS (Brasília Heart Study) e 222 pacientes do BDS (Brazilian Diabetes Study). Os dados sobre controle de dislipidemia foram estudados nas duas populações diferentes. Todos os pacientes eram diabéticos. RESULTADOS Há diferenças significativas em relação às comorbidades entre os grupos de LDL-C no BDS. A média de hemoglobina glicada é de 8,2 no grupo com LDL-C > 100, comparado com 7,7 e 7,5 nos grupos 70-100 e < 70, respectivamente (p = 0,024). Há maior porcentagem de pacientes hipertensos com LDL entre 70-100 (63,9%), quando comparado aos grupos < 70 e > 100 (54,3% e 54,9%, respectivamente; p = 0,005). A pressão diastólica é mais elevada no grupo com LDL > 100, com média de 87 mmHg, comparado com 82,6 mmHg e 81,9 mmHg nos grupos 70-100 e < 70, respectivamente (p = 0,019). O grupo com LDL > 100 tem maior porcentagem de tabagistas (8,7%) quando comparado aos grupos com LDL entre 70-100 e < 70 (5,6% e 4,3%, respectivamente; p = 0,015). Há, também, diferença na incidência prévia de coronariopatia. No grupo com LDL < 70, 28,3% dos pacientes já apresentaram infarto prévio, comparados com 11,1% e 10,6% nos grupos 70-100 e > 100, respectivamente (p < 0,001). CONCLUSÃO Os dados do nosso estudo mostram que o controle de dislipidemia em diabéticos é inadequado, e há uma tendência de associação direta entre descontrole glicêmico e descontrole de dislipidemia, além de associação com outros fatores de risco cardiovascular, como hipertensão diastólica e tabagismo. Esse pior controle pode estar relacionado ao platô no descenso da curva de mortalidade, e o investimento nesse quesito pode melhorar a saúde cardiovascular dos diabéticos.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE Diabetes is one of the leading causes of cardiovascular mortality. Over the last years, mortality has decreased significantly, more in individuals with diabetes than in healthy ones. That is mostly due to the control of other cardiovascular risk factors. The objective of our study was to analyze the dyslipidemia control in two diabetes cohorts. METHODS Patients from two distinct cohorts were studied, 173 patients from the BHS (Brasília Heart Study) and 222 patients from the BDS (Brazilian Diabetes Study). The data on dyslipidemia control were studied in both different populations. All patients had diabetes. RESULTS There are significant differences concerning comorbidities between the LDL-C and BDS groups. The average glycated hemoglobin is of 8.2 in the LDL-C > 100 group in comparison with 7.7 and 7.5 in the 70-100 and < 70 groups, respectively (p = 0.024). There is a higher percentage of hypertensive patients with LDL between 70-100 (63.9%), when comparing the < 70 and > 100 groups (54.3% and 54.9%, respectively; p = 0.005). Diastolic pressure is higher in the group with LDL > 100, with an average of 87 mmHg, in comparison with 82.6 mmHg and 81.9 mmHg in the 70-100 and < 70 groups, respectively (p = 0.019). The group with LDL > 100 has the greatest percentage of smokers (8.7%) in comparison with the groups with LDL between 70-100 and < 70 (5.6% and 4.3%, respectively; p = 0.015). There is also a difference in the previous incidence of coronaropathy. In the group with LDL < 70, 28.3% of patients had already experienced a previous infarction, compared with 11.1% and 10.6% in the 70-100 and > 100 groups, respectively (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The data in our study have shown that the dyslipidemia control in diabetic patients is inadequate and there is a tendency of direct association between lack of blood glucose control and lack of dyslipidemia control, in addition to the association with other cardiovascular risk factors, such as diastolic hypertension and smoking. This worsened control might be related to the plateau in the descending curve of mortality, and investments in this regard can improve the cardiovascular health in diabetic patients.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.65.1.3 1478 downloads

Predictive factors of dengue severity in hospitalized children and adolescents in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Ferreira, Ralph Antonio Xavier

; Kubelka, Claire Fernandes

; Velarde, Luis Guillermo Coca

; Matos, Jorge Paulo Strogoff de

; Ferreira, Laura Cunha

; Reid, Mariana Mancebo

; Setúbal, Sérgio

; Oliveira, Solange Artimos de

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical

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dec 2018, Volume 51 N. 6 Pages 753 - 760

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract INTRODUCTION: Dengue is one of the most important mosquito-borne infections. Severe cases are more frequently observed in adults. However, in 2008, the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, experienced a severe dengue epidemic that primarily affected children and caused many cases of dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) and death. METHODS: A cross-sectional analytical study was conducted to examine laboratory diagnosis and clinical epidemiologic factors for confirmed dengue cases in patients aged less than 16 years, from January to June 2008, at a municipal hospital in the City of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Variables associated with severe outcomes and P values less than .05 were evaluated by means of a logistic regression model. RESULTS: Of the 419 dengue cases studied, 296 were classified as DHF and 123 as classical dengue. Six patients who had DHF died. In multivariate analysis, some laboratory and clinical variables were independently associated with DHF: age 5 years or older (odds ratio [OR], 4.94; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.30-18.71), abdominal pain (OR, 8.59; 95% CI, 3.17-23.27), hepatomegaly (OR, 15.87; 95% CI, 5.38-46.85), and positive tourniquet test (OR, 10.84; 95% CI, 3.96-29.71). Hypoalbuminemia occurred more frequently than hemoconcentration in DHF cases, and high aminotransferase levels were associated with severity. CONCLUSIONS: Age greater than 5 years, abdominal pain, painful hepatomegaly, and positive tourniquet test were predictors of DHF. The high frequency of hepatic impairment suggests that acetaminophen should be avoided in severe cases of dengue.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0037-8682-0036-2018 2200 downloads

Number of leprosy reactions during treatment: clinical correlations and laboratory diagnosis
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Antunes, Douglas Eulálio

; Ferreira, Gabriela Porto

; Nicchio, Mariana Vitorino Candeiro

; Araujo, Sergio

; Cunha, Ana Carolina Rodrigues da

; Gomes, Rafaela Resende

; Costa, Adeilson Viera da

; Goulart, Isabela Maria Bernardes

Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical

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dec 2016, Volume 49 N. 6 Pages 741 - 745

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract INTRODUCTION: The occurrence of leprosy reactions, a common event during treatment, may be mostly related to the action of multidrug therapy on Mycobacterium leprae. The clinical and laboratory monitoring of patients with reactions is important, since collecting data that assists in predicting the risk of reactions may help to prevent disability. METHODS: This was a sectional study, in order to correlate clinical and laboratory diagnosis with the number of reactions during treatment. Spearman's correlation was used to verify the degree of association between the assessed variables. RESULTS: This study was conducted with 211 patients with leprosy reactions during treatment of M. leprae. The borderline tuberculoid group was the most prevalent clinical form (74/211; 35.1%) and the type one reaction showed the highest frequency (136/211; 64.5%). It was observed that 73.5% (155/211) of reactions occurred within 3 months of the initiation of multidrug therapy. The diagnostic values, including the bacterial indices (BIs) of dermal smears (r = 0.21, p < 0.05) and skin biopsies (r = 0.20; p < 0.05), showed a positive correlation with the number of reactions during treatment. CONCLUSIONS: This research showed a positive correlation between bacillary load markers and the number of leprosy reactions. This study provided scientific support to future research aiming to elucidate the influence of antigenic load on the number of leprosy reactions during treatment.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0037-8682-0440-2015 2168 downloads

10.

Paravalvular Regurgitation: Clinical Outcomes in Surgical and Percutaneous Treatments
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Pinheiro, Carlos Passos

; Rezek, Daniele

; Costa, Eduardo Paiva

; Carvalho, Edvagner Sergio Leite de

; Moscoso, Freddy Antonio Brito

; Taborga, Percy Richard Chavez

; Jeronimo, Andreia Dias

; Abizaid, Alexandre Antonio Cunha

; Ramos, Auristela Isabel de Oliveira

Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia

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jul 2016, Volume 107 N. 1 Pages 55 - 62

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Fundamento: Regurgitação ou escape paravalvar é uma complicação grave e incomum associada ao implante de prótese valvar. Estudos mostram incidência de 3% a 6% com repercussão hemodinâmica. Existem poucos estudos na literatura que comparam as abordagens cirúrgica e percutânea para sua correção. Objetivos: Comparar as abordagens cirúrgica e percutânea de correção da regurgitação paravalvar quanto a desfechos clínicos durante a internação e após 1 ano do procedimento. Métodos: Este é um estudo retrospectivo, descritivo e observacional, que incluiu 35 pacientes com escape paravalvar acompanhados no Instituto Dante Pazzanese de Cardiologia entre janeiro de 2011 e dezembro de 2013 e que necessitaram de correção. Os pacientes foram divididos de acordo com o tratamento estabelecido e acompanhados por um período 1 ano após o procedimento. Resultados: O grupo submetido ao tratamento percutâneo foi considerado como de maior risco para complicações por apresentar pacientes mais idosos, com maior prevalência de diabetes, maior quantidade de cirurgias valvares prévias e menor valor médio de clearance de creatinina. Durante a evolução intra-hospitalar, observou-se grande número de complicações nos dois grupos (74,3% dos casos), sem diferença estatística nos desfechos analisados. Após 1 ano, o grupo percutâneo teve maior número de reintervenções (8,7% vs. 20%, p = 0,57) e mortalidade maior (0% vs. 20%, p = 0,08). Uma alta incidência de escape residual mitral foi verificada após procedimento percutâneo (8,7% vs. 50%, p = 0,08). Conclusão: A cirurgia é o tratamento de escolha da regurgitação paravalvar. A abordagem percutânea pode ser uma alternativa para os pacientes com risco cirúrgico elevado.

Abstract Background: Paravalvular regurgitation (paravalvular leak) is a serious and rare complication associated with valve replacement surgery. Studies have shown a 3% to 6% incidence of paravalvular regurgitation with hemodynamic repercussion. Few studies have compared surgical and percutaneous approaches for repair. Objectives: To compare the surgical and percutaneous approaches for paravalvular regurgitation repair regarding clinical outcomes during hospitalization and one year after the procedure. Methods: This is a retrospective, descriptive and observational study that included 35 patients with paravalvular leak, requiring repair, and followed up at the Dante Pazzanese Institute of Cardiology between January 2011 and December 2013. Patients were divided into groups according to the established treatment and followed up for 1 year after the procedure. Results: The group submitted to percutaneous treatment was considered to be at higher risk for complications because of the older age of patients, higher prevalence of diabetes, greater number of previous valve surgeries and lower mean creatinine clearance value. During hospitalization, both groups had a large number of complications (74.3% of cases), with no statistical difference in the analyzed outcomes. After 1 year, the percutaneous group had a greater number of re-interventions (8.7% vs 20%, p = 0.57) and a higher mortality rate (0% vs. 20%, p = 0.08). A high incidence of residual mitral leak was observed after the percutaneous procedure (8.7% vs. 50%, p = 0.08). Conclusion: Surgery is the treatment of choice for paravalvular regurgitation. The percutaneous approach can be an alternative for patients at high surgical risk.

https://doi.org/10.5935/abc.20160086 1890 downloads

11.

Concordância e correlação entre três métodos distintos para quantificação da altura do salto vertical
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MOURA, Felipe Arruda

; JACINTO, Cesar Alexandre Cardoso

; FELICISSIMO, Caroline Tosini

; PRUDÊNCIO, Marcio Vianna

; MERCADANTE, Luciano Allegretti

; CUNHA, Sergio Augusto

Revista Brasileira de Educação Física e Esporte

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mar 2015, Volume 29 N. 1 Pages 25 - 34

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

O presente estudo teve como objetivo analisar a correlação e concordância entre três diferentes métodos para quantificação da altura do salto vertical: cinta de Abalakov (AB), tapete de contato (TC) e videogrametria (VG). Treze atletas de vôlei do sexo feminino. Realizaram três saltos verticais máximos com contramovimento sem o auxílio dos membros superiores. Os três métodos mediram a altura do salto simultaneamente. Foram realizados os testes de correlação de Pearson (r) entre cada par de métodos (AB x TC, AB x VG e TC x VG). Por fim, a concordância entre cada par de métodos foi avaliada através da análise gráfica de Bland e Altman. A menor correlação encontrada (r = 0,77; p < 0,01) ocorreu entre os métodos de VG e AB, enquanto que a maior correlação encontrada (r = 0,92; p < 0,01) ocorreu entre os métodos de VG e TC. Não houve concordância satisfatória entre os valores encontrados para os diferentes métodos, sugerindo que profissionais da área tenham cautela na comparação entre resultados de altura do salto vertical obtidos por diferentes métodos.

The purpose of the present study was to analyze the association and the agreement among three different methods to quantify of the vertical jump height: abalakov belt (AB), contact mat (TC) and videogrammetry (VG). Thirteen female volleyball players performed three maximal countermovement jumps, without the help of upper limbs. The three methods were used simultaneously to quantify the jump height. The lowest correlation (r = 0.77; p < 0.01) was found between VG and AB, while the strongest correlation (r = 0.92; p < 0.01) was found between VG and TC methods. In addition, Bland and Altman plots revealed no satisfactory agreement between the methods. These findings suggest precaution to compare the results of vertical jump height from different methods.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-55092015000100025 7083 downloads

12.

Socio-demographic and clinical characteristics of pregnant and puerperal crack-cocaine using women: preliminary data
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ZAVASCHI, MARIA LUCRÉCIA SCHERER

; MARDINI, VICTOR

; CUNHA, GABRIELLE BOCCHESE DA

; MARTINS-COSTA, SÉRGIO HOFMEISTEIR DE ALMEIDA

; GUARIENTI, FABIANA

; PIANCA, THIAGO GATTI

; PECHANSKY, FLÁVIO

; ROHDE, LUIS AUGUSTO PAIM

; KAPCZINSKI, FLÁVIO

; CERESER, KEILA

; SZOBOT, CLAUDIA MACIEL

Archives of Clinical Psychiatry (São Paulo)

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2014, Volume 41 N. 5 Pages 121 - 123

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Background The literature provides several studies on the effects of cocaine when exposed to the fetus. However, the majority of these data comes from animal models. Objective The objective of this study is to present socio-demographic and clinical data in crack-cocaine using pregnant women and their babies, as compared to non-users. Methods Cross-sectional study, comprised by 56 dyads of crack-cocaine using mothers-babies and 89 control dyads. In addition to the socio-demographic data and the babies’ information, data collection was based on ABIPEMI for socioeconomic level, WAIS for IQ, MINI for psychopathology and ASSIST for drug use. Results Most crack users, in comparison to non-users, did not have a partner (10.52% vs 4.4%, P = 0.001) and presented lower IQ (78.15, +/-8.07 vs 84.27 +/- 9.87; P = 0.002). The prevalence of antisocial personality disorder and suicide risk in users was higher than in non-users (24.44% vs none, P < 0.001; 28.26% vs 10.46% P = 0.01). Most of the users did not participate in prenatal care (75%). The babies that the crack-cocaine using mothers gave birth to weighed significantly less than the controls (2.858 g vs 3.240 g, P = 0.002). Discussion Users had a higher degree of psychopathology and lower attendance in prenatal care. There was an overlap of adverse factors, both for exposed mothers and babies. The sum of these vulnerabilities could result in significant harm to the developing infant.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0101-60830000000025 2370 downloads

13.

Efeito da plástica mitral nas variáveis do teste cardiopulmonar em pacientes com insuficiência mitral crônica
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Togna, Dorival Julio Della

; Abizaid, Alexandre Antônio da Cunha

; Meneghelo, Romeu Sérgio

; Le Bihan, David Costa de Souza

; Ramos, Auristela Isabel de Oliveira

; Nasr, Samira Kaissar

; Maia, Felipe Souza

; Meneghelo, Zilda Machado

; Sousa, Amanda Guerra de Moraes

Arquivos Brasileiros de Cardiologia

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apr 2013, Volume 100 N. 4 Pages 368 - 375

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

FUNDAMENTO: A plástica valvar mitral é o procedimento cirúrgico de escolha para pacientes com Insuficiência Mitral (IM) crônica. Os bons resultados imediatos e tardios permitem a indicação cirúrgica antes do início dos sintomas. O teste cardiopulmonar de exercício (TCPE) pode avaliar objetivamente a capacidade funcional, mas pouco se conhece o efeito da cirurgia em suas variáveis. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar os efeitos da plástica mitral nas variáveis do TCPE em pacientes com IM crônica. MÉTODOS: Foram selecionados 47 pacientes com IM grave e submetidos plástica da valva mitral, sendo nestes, realizado TCPE ± 30 dias antes da cirurgia, e de seis a 12 meses após a cirurgia. RESULTADOS: Houve predominância da classe funcional I ou II pela NYHA em 30 pacientes (63,8%) e 34 pacientes (72,3%), respectivamente. Após a cirurgia foi observado uma diminuição significativa do consumo de oxigênio (VO2), de 1.719 ± 571 para 1.609 ± 428 mL.min-1, p = 0,036. Houve redução do Oxygen Uptake Efficiency Slope (OUES), de 1.857 ± 594 para 1.763 ± 514, p = 0,073 e o pulso de oxigênio (O2) aumentou após a cirurgia, de 11,1 ± 3,2 para 11,9 ± 3,2 mL.bat-1 (p = 0,003). CONCLUSÃO: A plástica da valva mitral, não determinou aumento do VO2 pico e do OUES apesar do remodelamento cardíaco positivo observado após sete meses de cirurgia. Entretanto, o pulso de O2 aumentou no pós-operatório, sugerindo melhora do desempenho sistólico do VE. O TCPE é uma ferramenta útil, podendo auxiliar na conduta médica em pacientes com IM.

BACKGROUND: Mitral valve repair is the surgical procedure of choice for patients with chronic Mitral Regurgitation (MR). The good early and late results allow surgical indication before symptom onset. The cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET) can objectively assess functional capacity, but little is known about the effect of surgery on their variables. OBJECTIVE: Evaluate the effects of mitral repair on CPET variables in patients with chronic MR. METHODS: A total of 47 patients with severe MR were selected; these patients underwent mitral valve repair and were submitted to CPET ± 30 days before surgery, as well as six to 12 months after the surgery. RESULTS: There was predominance of functional class I or II NYHA in 30 (63.8%) and 34 patients (72.3%), respectively. A significant decrease in oxygen consumption (VO2) was observed after surgery, from 1,719 ± 571 to 1609 ± 428 mL min-1, p = 0.036. There was a decrease in Oxygen Uptake Efficiency Slope (OUES) from 1,857 ± 594 to 1763 ± 514, p = 0.073 and oxygen pulse (O2) increased after surgery, from 11.1 ± 3.2 to 11.9 ± 3, 2 mL.beat-1 (p = 0.003). CONCLUSION: The mitral valve repair did not increase peak VO2 and OUES despite positive cardiac remodeling observed seven months after surgery. However, O2 pulse increased postoperatively, suggesting improved LV systolic performance. The CPET is a useful tool to assist in the medical management of patients with MR. (Arq Bras Cardiol. 2013; [online].ahead print, PP.0-0)

https://doi.org/10.5935/abc.20130053 3746 downloads

14.

An evaluation of p16INK4a expression in cervical intraepithelial neoplasia specimens, including women with HIV-1
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Nicol, Alcina F

; Golub, Jonathan E

; Silva, José R Lapa e

; Cunha, Cynthia B

; Amaro-Filho, Sergio M

; Oliveira, Nathalia S

; Menezes, Willker

; Andrade, Cecília Viana

; Russomano, Fabio

; Tristão, Aparecida

; Grinsztejn, Beatriz

; Friedman, Ruth Khalili

; Oliveira, Marcia P

; Pires, Andrea

; Nuovo, Gerard J

Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

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aug 2012, Volume 107 N. 5 Pages 571 - 577

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Although several studies have evaluated the role of p16INK4a as a diagnostic marker of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and its association with disease progression, studies regarding the role of p16INK4a in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients remain scarce. The present study was designed to determine the potential utility of p16INK4a as a diagnostic marker for CIN and invasive cervical cancer in HIV-positive and negative cervical specimens. An immunohistochemical analysis of p16INK4a was performed in 326 cervical tissue microarray specimens. Performance indicators were calculated and compared using receiving operating characteristics curve (ROC)/area under the curve. In HIV-1-negative women, the percentage of cells that was positive for p16INK4a expression was significantly correlated with the severity of CIN (p < 0.0001). A ROC curve with a cut-off value of 55.28% resulted in a sensitivity of 89%, a specificity of 81%, a positive predictive value of 91% and a negative predictive value of 78%. HIV-seropositive women exhibited decreased expression of p16INK4a in CIN2-3 specimens compared with HIV-negative specimens (p = 0.031). The ROC data underscore the potential utility of p16INK4a under defined conditions as a diagnostic marker for CIN 2-3 staging and invasive cervical cancer. HIV-1 infection, however, is associated with relatively reduced p16INK4a expression in CIN 2-3.

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15.

Comportamento de violência e fatores associados entre estudantes de Barra do Garças, MT
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Castro, Marta de Lima

; Cunha, Sergio Souza da

; Souza, Delma P Oliveira de

Revista de Saúde Pública

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dec 2011, Volume 45 N. 6 Pages 1054 - 1061

Abstract: Pt En Es | Text: Pt En Es | PDF: Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Es

OBJETIVO: Estimar a prevalência de violência entre adolescentes e jovens adultos e identificar fatores associados. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com amostragem aleatória sistemática de 699 estudantes do ensino fundamental e médio da rede pública urbana de Barra do Garças, MT, em 2008. Questionário autopreenchível foi aplicado em sala de aula sem a presença do professor. O desfecho "comportamento violento" foi definido como (1) uso de arma de fogo ou branca, e/ou (2) agressões contra si e ou terceiros, e/ou (3) tentativa de suicídio. As variáveis independentes analisadas foram idade, gênero, condição socioeconômica, uso de álcool, uso de drogas psicoativas, atividade sexual e relacionamento com os pais. Foram realizadas análises univariadas e regressão múltipla ajustada para efeito de agregado. RESULTADOS: A prevalência de violência foi de 18,6%, variando segundo a idade: de 10,1% no grupo de dez e 11 anos; 20,2% dos 12 aos 19 anos; e 4,5% dos 20 e 21 anos. Os fatores associados ao comportamento de violência foram uso de álcool (RP = 2,51, IC95% 1,22;5,15), uso de drogas psicoativas (RP = 2,10, IC95%1,61;2,75), gênero masculino (RP = 1,63, IC95% 1,13;2,35) e relações insatisfatórias entre os pais (RP = 1,64, IC95% 1,25;2,15). CONCLUSÕES: Os resultados indicam alta prevalência de violência entre os adolescentes na faixa etária de 12 a 19 anos, sobretudo entre os usuários de álcool e drogas, do sexo masculino, de família cujos pais não possuem relações satisfatórias. Embora sem significância estatística no modelo final de regressão, a defasagem escolar e nível socioeconômico devem ser considerados em ações educativas de prevenção ao comportamento de violência entre estudantes.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of violence among adolescents and young adults and to identify associated factors. METHODS: Cross-sectional study carried out in 2008 with systematic random sampling of 699 elementary and high school students enrolled in urban state schools of Barra do Garças, Central-Western Brazil. A self-administered questionnaire was applied in the classrooms without the presence of the teacher. The outcome "violent behavior" was defined as (1) use of firearm or sharp instrument, and/or (2) aggressions against oneself and/or others, and/or (3) suicide attempt. The analyzed independent variables were age, gender, socioeconomic status, use of alcohol, use of psychoactive drugs, sexual activity, and relationship between parents. Univariate analysis was conducted, as well as multiple regression adjusted for effect of clustering. RESULTS: Violence prevalence was of 18.6%, varying with age: 10.1% in the group aged 10 and 11 years; 20.2% for those aged 12-19 years; and 4.5% in the group aged 20-21 years. The factors associated with violent behavior were use of alcohol (RP = 2.51, 95%CI 1.22;5.15), use of psychoactive drugs (RP = 2.10, 95%CI 1.61;2.75), male gender (RP = 1.63, 95%CI 1.13;2.35) and unsatisfactory relationship between parents (RP = 1.64, 95%CI 1.25;2.15). CONCLUSIONS: Results indicate high prevalence of violence among adolescents in the age group 12-19 years, mainly among users of alcohol and drugs, of the male sex, from families whose parents do not have satisfactory relationships. Although without statistical significance in the final regression model, school result discrepancy and socioeconomic level should be considered in educational actions for prevention of violence behavior among students.

OBJETIVO: Estimar la prevalencia de violencia entre adolescentes y jóvenes adultos e identificar factores asociados. MÉTODOS: Estudio transversal con muestreo aleatorio sistemático de 699 estudiantes de primaria y bachillerato de la red publica urbana de Barra do Garças, Centro-Oeste de Brasil, en 2008. Cuestionario de autocompletación fue aplicado en el salón de clases sin la presencia del profesor. El resultado "comportamiento violento" fue definido como (1) uso de arma de fuego o blanca, y/o (2) agresiones contra si y o terceros, y/o (3) intento de suicidio. Las variables independientes analizadas fueron edad, género, condición socioeconómica, uso de alcohol, uso de drogas psicoactivas, actividad sexual, y relacionamiento con los padres. Se realizaron análisis univariado y regresión múltiple ajustado para efecto de agregado. RESULTADOS: La prevalencia de violencia fue de 18,6%, variando según la edad: de 10,1% en el grupo de diez y 11 años; 20,2% de los 12 a 19 años; y 4,5% de los 20 y 21 años. Los factores asociados al comportamiento de violencia fueron uso de alcohol (RP=2,51, IC95% 1,22;5,15), uso de drogas psicoactivas (RP = 2,10, IC95%1,61;2,75), género masculino (RP = 1,63, IC95% 1,13;2,35) y relaciones insatisfactorias entre los padres (RP = 1,64, IC95% 1,25;2,15). CONCLUSIONES: Los resultados indican alta prevalencia de violencia entre los adolescentes en el grupo de edad de 12 a 19 años, sobretodo entre los usuarios de alcohol y drogas, del sexo masculino, de familia cuyos padres no poseen relaciones satisfactorias. A pesar de no haber significancia estadística en el modelo final de regresión, el desfase escolar y nivel socioeconómicos deben ser considerados en acciones educativas de prevención del comportamiento de violencia entre estudiantes.

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