Currently, hospital infection is a serious public health problem, and several factors may influence the occurrence of these infections, including the presence of insects, which are carriers of multidrug-resistant bacterial species. The aim of this study was to isolate staphylococci carried by insects in two public hospitals of Vitoria da Conquista, Bahia and to identify the resistance profile, pathogenicity and efficacy of disinfection of the premises. A total of 91 insects were collected in 21 strategic points of these hospitals, and 32 isolated strains ofStaphylococcus aureus were isolated. Based on antibiogram and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration results, 95% of these strains were susceptible to oxacillin. These strains were also evaluated for the presence of resistance genes encoding resistance to oxacillin/methicillin by polymerase chain reaction, but the sample was negative for this gene. Pathogenicity tests were performed in vitro biofilm formation induced by glucose, where it was found that eight (27.58%) strains were classified as biofilm producers and 21 (72.4%) as stronger producers. In addition, we performed PCR for their virulence genes: Sea (enterotoxin A), SEB (B), Sec (C), PVL (Panton-Valentine Leukocidin), ClfA (clumping factor A) and Spa (protein A). Of these, Sea, Spa PVL were positive in 7 (21.8%), 2 (6.3%) and 1 (3.1%) samples, respectively. The analysis of cytokine induction in the inflammatory response of J774 macrophages by isolates from the two hospitals did not show statistical difference at the levels of IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1 and IL-10 production. In addition, we verified the antimicrobial activity of disinfecting agents on these strains, quaternary ammonium, 0.5% sodium hypochlorite, 1% sodium hypochlorite, 2% sodium hypochlorite, 2% glutaraldehyde, Lysoform®, 70% alcohol solution of chlorhexidine digluconate, 2% peracetic acid, and 100% vinegar. Resistance was seen in only for the following two disinfectants: 70% alcohol in 31 (96.8%) samples tested and vinegar in 30 (93.8%) samples. The study demonstrated the presence of resistant and pathogenic organisms conveyed by insects, thus suggesting improvement in efforts to control these vectors.

The chemical analysis of the acetone, chloroform, toluene and methanol extracts of a pitch sample was carried out by IR and GC-MS, leading to the identification of sixty nine compounds, including fatty acids, alcohols and hydrocarbons. Analysis of the acetone extractive of a eucalyptus wood used in Brazil for pulp production was also carried out, resulting in identification of fifty nine compounds, including mainly fatty acids, phenolic compounds, beta-sitosterol and other steroids. This analysis showed that pitch formation had a contribution from wood extractives and other sources of contamination. The results obtained and the methodology applied can be used by the pulp industry to develop new methods of pitch control.

The chemical study of the barks of the stem and roots of Bombacopsis glabra (Bombacaceae) led to the isolation and identification of 5-hydroxy-3,7,4'-trimethoxyflavone (1), 5-hydroxy-3,6,7,4'-tetramethoxyflavone (2), the naphtoquinone isohemigossypolone (3), the ester triacontil p-coumarate (4) besides lupeol and a mixture of beta-sitosterol and stigmasterol. Their structures were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis, including IR, ¹H and 13C NMR and MS. All these compounds, except 3, were isolated for the first time in the family.

Do extrato hexânico da casca do caule de Bombacopsis glabra (Bombacaceae) foram isolados a flavona 5-hidroxi-3,6,7,8,4'-pentametoxiflavona (1) e os triterpenos lupenona, 9,19-ciclolanost-23-eno-3beta,25-diol (2), (24R)-9,19-ciclolanost-25-eno-3beta,24-diol (3) e (24S)-9,19-ciclolanost-25-eno-3beta,24-diol (4). As estruturas foram determinadas por espectroscopia de RMN de 13C e de ¹H (1D e 2D) e EM, e ainda, por comparação com dados da literatura para os triterpenos. A confirmação inequívoca da estrutura da flavona 1 foi realizada por um estudo de difração de raios X. As cinco substâncias foram isoladas pela primeira vez de espécies de Bombacaceae.

The flavone 5-hydroxy-3,6,7,8,4'-pentamethoxyflavone (1) and the triterpenes lupenone, 9,19-cyclolanost-23-ene-3beta,25-diol (2), (24R)-9,19-cyclolanost-25-ene-3beta,24-diol (3) and (24S)-9,19-cyclolanost-25-ene-3beta,24-diol (4) were isolated from the hexane extract of the stem bark of Bombacopsis glabra (Bombacaceae). The structures were determined by 13C and ¹H NMR (1D and 2D) and mass spectrometry, and by comparison with literature data for triterpenes. The structure of the flavone 1 was unambiguously confirmed by a X-ray diffraction study. The five substances were isolated for the first time from Bombacaceae species.