Resumo O uso de mídias por crianças na primeira infância está cada vez mais habitual, o que torna necessário investigar os fatores determinantes para o tempo de tela, entendido como o tempo total pelo qual a criança permanece exposta a todas as telas, incluindo televisão e mídias interativas. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, descritivo e exploratório, realizado com 180 crianças, entre 24 a 42 meses de idade, alocadas em: Grupo 1, exposição à tela inferior a duas horas/dia; Grupo 2, exposição à tela igual/superior a duas horas/dia. Realizou-se análise bivariada e de regressão logística binária. Os fatores determinantes no tempo de tela estudados foram os recursos do ambiente familiar, investigado por meio do Inventário de Recursos do Ambiente Familiar; fatores socioeconômicos; estado nutricional e status do desenvolvimento infantil, mensurado pelo teste Bayley III. Como resultado verificou-se que 63% das crianças apresentaram tempo de tela superior a 2 horas/dia e que a televisão ainda é a principal responsável pela exposição das crianças às telas. Observou-se que o tempo de exposição à tela esteve positivamente associado aos recursos familiares, nível econômico e desenvolvimento da linguagem. Entretanto, apenas os dois últimos fatores explicaram o maior tempo de tela.

Abstract The use of media by children in early childhood is increasingly common, and it is necessary to investigate the determinants of screen time, which is understood as the total child screen exposure time, including television and interactive media. This is a descriptive, exploratory, and cross-sectional study conducted with 180 children between 24 and 42 months of age, allocated in Group 1, less than two hours daily screen exposure time; Group 2, daily screen exposure time equal to or more than two hours. Bivariate and binary logistic regression analyses were performed. Screen time determining factors studied were family environment, evaluated with the Family Environment Resource Inventory; socioeconomic factors; nutritional status and child development status, evaluated with the Bayley III test. As a result, 63% of children had daily screen time exceeding two hours, and television still is the main culprit for children screen exposure. We observed that screen time exposure was positively associated with family resources, economic level, and language development. However, only the last two factors explained the longer screen time.

Resumo O uso de mídias por crianças na primeira infância está cada vez mais habitual, o que torna necessário investigar os fatores determinantes para o tempo de tela, entendido como o tempo total pelo qual a criança permanece exposta a todas as telas, incluindo televisão e mídias interativas. Trata-se de um estudo transversal, descritivo e exploratório, realizado com 180 crianças, entre 24 a 42 meses de idade, alocadas em: Grupo 1, exposição à tela inferior a duas horas/dia; Grupo 2, exposição à tela igual/superior a duas horas/dia. Realizou-se análise bivariada e de regressão logística binária. Os fatores determinantes no tempo de tela estudados foram os recursos do ambiente familiar, investigado por meio do Inventário de Recursos do Ambiente Familiar; fatores socioeconômicos; estado nutricional e status do desenvolvimento infantil, mensurado pelo teste Bayley III. Como resultado verificou-se que 63% das crianças apresentaram tempo de tela superior a 2 horas/dia e que a televisão ainda é a principal responsável pela exposição das crianças às telas. Observou-se que o tempo de exposição à tela esteve positivamente associado aos recursos familiares, nível econômico e desenvolvimento da linguagem. Entretanto, apenas os dois últimos fatores explicaram o maior tempo de tela.

Abstract The use of media by children in early childhood is increasingly common, and it is necessary to investigate the determinants of screen time, which is understood as the total child screen exposure time, including television and interactive media. This is a descriptive, exploratory, and cross-sectional study conducted with 180 children between 24 and 42 months of age, allocated in Group 1, less than two hours daily screen exposure time; Group 2, daily screen exposure time equal to or more than two hours. Bivariate and binary logistic regression analyses were performed. Screen time determining factors studied were family environment, evaluated with the Family Environment Resource Inventory; socioeconomic factors; nutritional status and child development status, evaluated with the Bayley III test. As a result, 63% of children had daily screen time exceeding two hours, and television still is the main culprit for children screen exposure. We observed that screen time exposure was positively associated with family resources, economic level, and language development. However, only the last two factors explained the longer screen time.

RESUMO Retardantes de fogo são eficazes em combater incêndios florestais, contudo, suas implicações ambientais, principalmente quanto à vegetação, precisam ser melhor esclarecidas. Neste trabalho, objetivouse avaliar os efeitos de retardantes de fogo sobre o crescimento inicial de Schizolobium amazonicum. Os tratamentos consistiram em aplicações via substrato e foliar de concentrações dos retardantes de fogo: Phos-Chek WD-881® (0; 3,00; 6,00; 8,00 e 10,00 mL L-1); Hold Fire® (0; 7,00; 9,00; 12,00; e 15,00 mL L-1 ) e do polímero hidroretentor Nutrigel® usado como retardante alternativo (0; 0,25; 0,50; 0,75 e 1,00 g L-1). Para avaliação dos efeitos realizaram-se análises de crescimento, com 10 repetições por tratamento. Compararamse as médias pelo Teste de Tukey (p<0,05) conforme significância da análise de variância A concentração de 10,00 mL L-1 de Phos-Chek WD881 via foliar proporcionou incrementos na área foliar (71%) e altura (18%) das mudas. No decorrer do tempo, a mesma concentração de Phos-Chek favoreceu o crescimento em altura (32%) e acúmulo de massa seca total (33%). A concentração de 15 mL L-1 de Hold Fire® via foliar comprometeu em 45% o acúmulo de biomassa seca das mudas. Inicialmente, 1,00 g L-1 de Nutrigel® via substrato diminuiu em 28 % a média de massa seca. A concentração 0,50 g L-1 do polímero via foliar do polímero promoveu incrementos na área foliar (70%), altura (29%) e massa seca das folhas (89%). Portanto, Phos-Chek via foliar favoreceu o crescimento da parte aérea de S. amazonicum. Hold Fire® via foliar prejudicou o acúmulo de biomassa das mudas. Nutrigel® via substrato não provocou prejuízos duradouros sobre o crescimento inicial de S. amazonicum. 0,50 g L-1 via foliar do polímero teve efeito positivo sobre o crescimento da parte aérea das mudas.

ABSTRACT Flame retardants are efficient in fighting wildfire; however, their environmental implications, especially regarding the vegetation, need to be clarified. This work aimed at assessing the effects of flame retardant on the initial growth of Schizolobium amazonicum. Treatments consisted in applying different flame retardant concentrations via substrate and leaf: Phos-Chek WD-881® (0, 3.00, 6.00, 8.00 and 10.00 mL L-1), Hold Fire® (0, 7.00, 9.00, 12.00 and 15.00 mL L-1) and water-retaining polymer Nutrigel® used as alternative retardant (0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.00 g L-1). Growth analyses were carried out to assess the effects of these substances (10 repetitions per treatment). The aliquot of 10.00 mL L-1 of Phos-Chek WD881 applied on the leaves led to an increase of 70% in leaf area and 15% in seedling height. The same Phos-Chek concentration favored height increase (32%) and total dry mass accumulation (33%) throughout time. The concentration of 15 mL L-1 of Hold Fire® applied on leaves, compromised 45% the accumulation of dry biomass in the seedling. Initially, 1.00 g L-1 of Nutrigel® applied via substrate led to an increase of 70% in leaf area, 29% in plant height, and 89% in leaf dry mass. Therefore, Phos-Chek applied on leaves favored shoot growth in S. amazonicum. Hold Fire® applied on leaves impaired biomass accumulation in seedlings. Nutrigel® applied on substrate does not cause long-lasting damage to the initial growth of S. amazonicum. The aliquot of 0.50 g L-1 administered via polymer leave had positive effect on seedling shoot.

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar a validade de conteúdo, a confiabilidade e a validade de construto de uma lista de checagem para avaliação do Rolamento Peixe. Em relação à validade de conteúdo, 4 especialistas na área da Ginástica Artística avaliaram a lista de checagem utilizando-se da técnica Delphi. Os resultados demonstraram bons índices de validade de conteúdo para as questões avaliadas (IVC>0,80). Sobre a confiabilidade, seis avaliadores, analisaram 20 vídeos do rolamento peixe de 10 crianças, utilizando-se da lista de checagem. Os resultados demonstraram concordância intra (ICC>0,80) e inter avaliadores (ICC>0,90). Por fim, para a validade de construto, 156 vídeos da habilidade foram analisados utilizando a lista de checagem. Foram aplicados os testes Alfa de Cronbach e Análise Fatorial Exploratória com rotação Varimax, a qual indicou boa consistência interna (α=0,76) e a existência de três fatores que explicam a lista de checagem. Desta forma, conclui-se que a lista de checagem é válida e confiável para a avaliação da habilidade motora proposta.

ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to verify the content validity, reliability and construct validity of a checklist for dive roll evaluation. As for content validity, 4 experts in the Artistic Gymnastics field evaluated the checklist using the Delphi technique. Results showed good content validity indexes for the evaluation questions (CVI>0.80). About reliability, 6 raters analyzed 20 dive roll videos of 10 children, using the checklist. Results showed intra-rater ((ICC>0.80) and inter-rater agreement (ICC>0.90). Finally, concerning construct validity, 156 skill videos were analyzed using the checklist. Cronbach’s alpha and Exploratory Factor Analysis with Varimax rotation were applied, with the latter indicating good internal consistency (α=0.76) and the existence of three factors that explain the checklist. Thus, it is concluded that the checklist is valid and reliable to evaluate the proposed motor skill.

Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC) O157:H7 strains (isolated by cattle’s faeces and a reference strain, EDL933), were inoculated into pasteurized milk (102 and 103 cells.mL–1) to prepare the Minas frescal cheese. As control was used uninfected milk. Physicochemical and microbiological analyses were performed to milk and elaborated cheese. The O157:H7 strains were quantified in the stages of cheese processing and during 0, 2, 4, 5, 7, 10 and 15 storage days at 8 °C onto Sorbitol MacConkey Agar supplemented with potassium tellurite and cefixime (CT-SMAC). O157:H7 was not present in the pasteurised milk prior to the artificial inoculation. At the end of the processing the cheese had 10 to 100 times more STEC O157:H7 than the initial inoculum. During the storage, the Minas frescal cheese exhibited the largest population increase on the 4th and 5th day when inoculated with 102 and 103 cells.mL–1, respectively. Additionally, viable cells were found up to the 10th and 15th day, according to the amount of initial inoculum. This number of cells is able to cause infection in humans, and therefore, Minas frescal cheese, even when stored under refrigeration, is a potential vehicle of disease caused by STEC O157:H7.

Este estudo foi realizado para avaliar o efeito de suplementos elaborados com proteína isolada de soja, levedo de cerveja, mistura de proteína isolada de soja com levedo de cerveja, óleo de linhaça, óleo de palma e mistura de óleo de linhaça com óleo de palma na produção de geleia real por colônias de abelhas africanizadas. O total de geleia real produzida foi superior (p < 0,05) nos tratamentos com proteína isolada de soja e levedo de cerveja (11,68 g colônia-1), seguido do suplemento óleo de linhaça e palma (11,30 g colônia-1) e suplemento palma (9,61 g colônia-1), sendo estes superiores aos tratamentos-controle I (6,35 g colônia-1) e II (6,95 g colônia-1). Essas observações demonstraram que a suplementação feita com uma mistura de óleo de linhaça e de palma, e proteína isolada de soja e levedo de cerveja poderiam ser recomendadas para aumentar a produção de geleia real em escala comercial, além de se tornar uma importante ferramenta para os apicultores, por aumentar a produção, contribuir para aumentar a taxa de aceitação das larvas transferidas.

This study was carried out to evaluate the effect of supplements with isolated soy protein, brewer's yeast, a mixture of isolated soy protein with brewer's yeast, linseed oil, palm oil and mixture of linseed oil with palm oil in the production of royal jelly by Africanized honeybee colonies. Total royal jelly production was higher (p < 0.05) in colonies fed with isolated soy protein and brewer's yeast (11.68 g colony-1), followed by linseed oil and palm oil (11.30 g colony-1) and palm oil (9.61 g colony-1), being higher than control I (6.35 g colony-1), and II (6.95 g colony-1). The results demonstrated that the supplementation with a mixture of linseed oil plus palm oil, and isolated soy protein plus brewer's yeast is recommended to increase the royal jelly production on a commercial scale. Besides becoming an important tool for beekeepers by increasing the production, it also contributes to improve the acceptance rate of grafted larvae.

Genetic and phenotypic parameters considering the genetic effect on hygienic behavior of queen and workers from 40 Africanized honeybees colonies were estimated separately. Maternal origin of queens was controlled whereas the paternal was unknown, and different groups of workers were considered in three seasons, October 2006, April 2007 and August 2007, but with the same queen. Colonies were 21 honey producers and 19 royal jelly producers. After the method of freezing capped brood, hygienic behavior was determined by the ratio between the number of dead capped brood removed at 24, 48 and 72 hours and the total number of capped brood at zero hour. Data was submitted to single and three traits analyses using Bayesian inference. Estimates of direct heritability at 24, 48 and 72 hours (0.10, 0.11 and 0.11) were identical to the motherly ones. Estimates by three trait analysis of direct heritability were 0.28, 0.15, 0.24, and of maternal heritability were 0.23, 0.29, 0.27, at 24, 48 and 72 hours, respectively. Correlations between maternal and genetic effects were 0.12, 0.09 and - 0.08 at, 24, 48 and 72 hours, respectively. Correlation between 24 and 48 hours was 0.49; between 24 and 72 hours, 0.40; and between 48 and 72 hours, 0.47. Moderate genetic correlations with the number of capped brood removed until 48 and 72 hours indicate that after the selection of a few generations, these traits can become an efficient criterion for selection in 24 hours.