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1.
Multidisciplinary Scientific Cruises for Environmental Characterization in the Santos Basin – Methods and Sampling Design
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Moreira, Daniel L.
; Dalto, Adriana G.
; Figueiredo JR, Alberto G.
; Valerio, Aline M.
; Detoni, Amalia M. S.
; Bonecker, Ana C. T.
; Signori, Camila N.
; Namiki, Cláudia
; Sasaki, Dalton K.
; Pupo, Daniel V.
; Silva, Danilo A.
; Kutner, Deborah S.
; Duque-Castaño, Diana C.
; Marcon, Eduardo H.
; Gallotta, Fabiana D. C.
; Paula, Fabiana S.
; Gallucci, Fabiane
; Roque, Gabriela C. F.
; Campos, Giulia S.
; Fonseca, Gustavo
; Mattos, Gustavo
; Lavrado, Helena P.
; Silveira, Ilson C. A. da
; Costa, Jessica O.
; Santos Filho, João R. dos
; Carneiro, Juliane C.
; Moreira, Julio C.F.
; Rozo, Laura
; Araujo, Leandro F.M.
; Lazzari, Letícia
; Silva, Letícia O. da
; Michelazzo, Luan S.
; Fernandes, Luciano F.
; Dottori, Marcelo
; Araújo Jr., Marcus A. G. de
; Chuqui, Mateus G.
; Ceccopieri, Milena
; Borges-Silva, Milton
; Kampel, Milton
; Bergo, Natascha M.
; Silva, Paulo V. M.
; Tura, Pedro M.
; Moura, Rafael B. de
; Romano, Renato G.
; Martins, Renato P.
; Carreira, Renato S.
; Toledo, Rodrigo G.A.
; Bonecker, Sérgio L.C.
; Disaró, Sibelle T.
; Rodrigues, Silvana V.
; Corbisier, Thais N.
; Vicente, Thaisa M.
; Paiva, Vitor G. de
; Pellizari, Vivian H.
; Belo, Wellington C.
; Brandini, Frederico P.
; Sousa, Silvia H.M
.
Abstract The Santos Basin (SB) is the main petroliferous basin in the Brazilian continental margin and one of the most studied marine areas in Brazil. However, historical data suggest that new efforts should be carried out to acquire quantitative biological data, especially in the deep sea, to establish the baseline of essential ocean variables in different ecosystems for future monitoring programs. The Brazilian energy company Petrobras planned and executed 24 oceanographic cruises over a period of 2 years to assess the benthic (SANSED cruise) and pelagic (SANAGU cruise) systems of the SB (356 days at sea in 2019 and 2021/2022). These efforts were part of the Santos Project, which comprised a comprehensive environmental study aimed at investigating benthic and pelagic variables to characterize ecology, biogeochemistry, thermohaline properties of water masses, and ocean circulation patterns, geomorphology, and sedimentology, as well as organic and inorganic chemistry. Here we present the detailed sampling designs and the field methods employed on board, during the SB scientific cruises. All sampling protocols were based on standardized approaches. For the benthos analyses, triplicate sediment samples were performed using a GOMEX-type box corer (0.25 m²) or a large modified Van Veen grab (0.75 m²) at 100 stations ranging from 25 to 2400 m depth. At each station, 25 geochemical and physico-chemical parameters were analyzed in addition to micro-, meio-, and macrofauna and living foraminifera samples. For the pelagic system, 60 stations were selected to investigate the plankton community, ranging in size from pico- to macroplankton, through vertical, horizontal, and oblique net hauls (20, 200, and 500 μm mesh size), as well as 25 biogeochemical parameters collected with an aid of a CTD-rosette sampler. Part of this scientific information also serves the Regional Environmental Characterization Project (PCR-BS) in support of Petrobras’ Santos Basin drilling licensing process led by the Brazilian Environmental Agency – IBAMA. This project contributes to the sustainable development of the SB, in line with the guidelines of the United Nations Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development.
2.
Use and misuse of biomarkers and the role of D-dimer and C-reactive protein in the management of COVID-19: A post-hoc analysis of a prospective cohort study
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Gonçalves, Fabio Augusto Rodrigues
; Besen, Bruno Adler Maccagnan Pinheiro
; Lima, Clarice Antunes de
; Corá, Aline Pivetta
; Pereira, Antônio José Rodrigues
; Perazzio, Sandro Félix
; Gouvea, Christiane Pereira
; Fonseca, Luiz Augusto Marcondes
; Trindade, Evelinda Marramon
; Sumita, Nairo Massakazu
; Duarte, Alberto José da Silva
; Lichtenstein, Arnaldo
; Bonfa, Eloisa
; Utiyama, Edivaldo M.
; Segurado, Aluisio C.
; Perondi, Beatriz
; Miethke-Morais, Anna
; Montal, Amanda C.
; Harima, Leila
; Fusco, Solange R. G.
; Silva, Marjorie F.
; Rocha, Marcelo C.
; Marcilio, Izabel
; Rios, Izabel Cristina
; Kawano, Fabiane Yumi Ogihara
; Jesus, Maria Amélia de
; Kallas, Ésper George
; Carmo, Carolina
; Tanaka, Clarice
; Souza, Heraldo Possolo de
; Marchini, Julio F. M.
; Carvalho, Carlos
; Ferreira, Juliana C.
; Levin, Anna Sara Shafferman
; Oliveira, Maura Salaroli
; Guimarães, Thaís
; Lázari, Carolina dos Santos
; Sabino, Ester
; Magri, Marcello M. C.
; Barros-Filho, Tarcisio E. P.
; Francisco, Maria Cristina Peres Braido
; Costa, Silvia F.
.
OBJECTIVE: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is associated with high mortality among hospitalized patients and incurs high costs. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection can trigger both inflammatory and thrombotic processes, and these complications can lead to a poorer prognosis. This study aimed to evaluate the association and temporal trends of D-dimer and C-reactive protein (CRP) levels with the incidence of venous thromboembolism (VTE), hospital mortality, and costs among inpatients with COVID-19. METHODS: Data were extracted from electronic patient records and laboratory databases. Crude and adjusted associations for age, sex, number of comorbidities, Sequential Organ Failure Assessment score at admission, and D-dimer or CRP logistic regression models were used to evaluate associations. RESULTS: Between March and June 2020, COVID-19 was documented in 3,254 inpatients. The D-dimer level ≥4,000 ng/mL fibrinogen equivalent unit (FEU) mortality odds ratio (OR) was 4.48 (adjusted OR: 1.97). The CRP level ≥220 mg/dL OR for death was 7.73 (adjusted OR: 3.93). The D-dimer level ≥4,000 ng/mL FEU VTE OR was 3.96 (adjusted OR: 3.26). The CRP level ≥220 mg/dL OR for VTE was 2.71 (adjusted OR: 1.92). All these analyses were statistically significant (p<0.001). Stratified hospital costs demonstrated a dose-response pattern. Adjusted D-dimer and CRP levels were associated with higher mortality and doubled hospital costs. In the first week, elevated D-dimer levels predicted VTE occurrence and systemic inflammatory harm, while CRP was a hospital mortality predictor. CONCLUSION: D-dimer and CRP levels were associated with higher hospital mortality and a higher incidence of VTE. D-dimer was more strongly associated with VTE, although its discriminative ability was poor, while CRP was a stronger predictor of hospital mortality. Their use outside the usual indications should not be modified and should be discouraged.
3.
Effect of a gel containing pilocarpine on vaginal atrophy in castrated rats
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de Sousa-Lages, Cristina A.
; de Deus-Lages, Lívio P.
; de Sousa, Gabriela V.
; de Moura-Leal, Adinaide C.
; Conde Júnior, Airton Mendes
; Costa-Silva, Danylo Rafhael
; da Conceição Barros-Oliveira, Maria
; Borges, Carine Soares
; Escórcio-Dourado, Carla Solange
; Sampaio, Fabiane A.
; Cunha-Nunes, Lívio C.
; da-Silva, Benedito B.
.
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of Carbopol gel formulations containing pilocarpine on the morphology and morphometry of the vaginal epithelium of castrated rats. METHODS: Thirty-one female Wistar-Hannover rats were randomly divided into four groups: the control Groups I (n=7, rats in persistent estrus; positive controls) and II (n=7, castrated rats, negative controls) and the experimental Groups, III (n=8) and IV (n=9). Persistent estrus (Group I) was achieved with a subcutaneous injection of testosterone propionate on the second postnatal day. At 90 days postnatal, rats in Groups II, III and IV were castrated and treated vaginally for 14 days with Carbopol gel (vehicle alone) or Carbopol gel containing 5% and 15% pilocarpine, respectively. Next, all of the animals were euthanized and their vaginas were removed for histological evaluation. A non-parametric test with a weighted linear regression model was used for data analysis (p<0.05). RESULTS: The morphological evaluation showed maturation of the vaginal epithelium with keratinization in Group I, whereas signs of vaginal atrophy were present in the rats of the other groups. Morphometric examinations showed mean thickness values of the vaginal epithelium of 195.10±12.23 μm, 30.90±1.14 μm, 28.16±2.98 μm and 29.84±2.30 μm in Groups I, II, III and IV, respectively, with statistically significant differences between Group I and the other three groups (p<0.0001) and no differences between Groups II, III and IV (p=0.0809). CONCLUSION: Topical gel formulations containing pilocarpine had no effect on atrophy of the vaginal epithelium in the castrated female rats.
https://doi.org/10.6061/clinics/2016(05)09
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4.
Growing knowledge: an overview of Seed Plant diversity in Brazil
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Zappi, Daniela C.
; Filardi, Fabiana L. Ranzato
; Leitman, Paula
; Souza, Vinícius C.
; Walter, Bruno M.T.
; Pirani, José R.
; Morim, Marli P.
; Queiroz, Luciano P.
; Cavalcanti, Taciana B.
; Mansano, Vidal F.
; Forzza, Rafaela C.
; Abreu, Maria C.
; Acevedo-Rodríguez, Pedro
; Agra, Maria F.
; Almeida Jr., Eduardo B.
; Almeida, Gracineide S.S.
; Almeida, Rafael F.
; Alves, Flávio M.
; Alves, Marccus
; Alves-Araujo, Anderson
; Amaral, Maria C.E.
; Amorim, André M.
; Amorim, Bruno
; Andrade, Ivanilza M.
; Andreata, Regina H.P.
; Andrino, Caroline O.
; Anunciação, Elisete A.
; Aona, Lidyanne Y.S.
; Aranguren, Yani
; Aranha Filho, João L.M.
; Araújo, Andrea O.
; Araújo, Ariclenes A.M.
; Araújo, Diogo
; Arbo, María M.
; Assis, Leandro
; Assis, Marta C.
; Assunção, Vivian A.
; Athiê-Souza, Sarah M.
; Azevedo, Cecilia O.
; Baitello, João B.
; Barberena, Felipe F.V.A.
; Barbosa, Maria R.V.
; Barros, Fábio
; Barros, Lucas A.V.
; Barros, Michel J.F.
; Baumgratz, José F.A.
; Bernacci, Luis C.
; Berry, Paul E.
; Bigio, Narcísio C.
; Biral, Leonardo
; Bittrich, Volker
; Borges, Rafael A.X.
; Bortoluzzi, Roseli L.C.
; Bove, Cláudia P.
; Bovini, Massimo G.
; Braga, João M.A.
; Braz, Denise M.
; Bringel Jr., João B.A.
; Bruniera, Carla P.
; Buturi, Camila V.
; Cabral, Elza
; Cabral, Fernanda N.
; Caddah, Mayara K.
; Caires, Claudenir S.
; Calazans, Luana S.B.
; Calió, Maria F.
; Camargo, Rodrigo A.
; Campbell, Lisa
; Canto-Dorow, Thais S.
; Carauta, Jorge P.P.
; Cardiel, José M.
; Cardoso, Domingos B.O.S.
; Cardoso, Leandro J.T.
; Carneiro, Camila R.
; Carneiro, Cláudia E.
; Carneiro-Torres, Daniela S.
; Carrijo, Tatiana T.
; Caruzo, Maria B.R.
; Carvalho, Maria L.S.
; Carvalho-Silva, Micheline
; Castello, Ana C.D.
; Cavalheiro, Larissa
; Cervi, Armando C.
; Chacon, Roberta G.
; Chautems, Alain
; Chiavegatto, Berenice
; Chukr, Nádia S.
; Coelho, Alexa A.O.P.
; Coelho, Marcus A.N.
; Coelho, Rubens L.G.
; Cordeiro, Inês
; Cordula, Elizabeth
; Cornejo, Xavier
; Côrtes, Ana L.A.
; Costa, Andrea F.
; Costa, Fabiane N.
; Costa, Jorge A.S.
; Costa, Leila C.
; Costa-e-Silva, Maria B.
; Costa-Lima, James L.
; Cota, Maria R.C.
; Couto, Ricardo S.
; Daly, Douglas C.
; De Stefano, Rodrigo D.
; De Toni, Karen
; Dematteis, Massimiliano
; Dettke, Greta A.
; Di Maio, Fernando R.
; Dórea, Marcos C.
; Duarte, Marília C.
; Dutilh, Julie H.A.
; Dutra, Valquíria F.
; Echternacht, Lívia
; Eggers, Lilian
; Esteves, Gerleni
; Ezcurra, Cecilia
; Falcão Junior, Marcus J.A.
; Feres, Fabíola
; Fernandes, José M.
; Ferreira, D.M.C.
; Ferreira, Fabrício M.
; Ferreira, Gabriel E.
; Ferreira, Priscila P.A.
; Ferreira, Silvana C.
; Ferrucci, Maria S.
; Fiaschi, Pedro
; Filgueiras, Tarciso S.
; Firens, Marcela
; Flores, Andreia S.
; Forero, Enrique
; Forster, Wellington
; Fortuna-Perez, Ana P.
; Fortunato, Reneé H.
; Fraga, Cléudio N.
; França, Flávio
; Francener, Augusto
; Freitas, Joelcio
; Freitas, Maria F.
; Fritsch, Peter W.
; Furtado, Samyra G.
; Gaglioti, André L.
; Garcia, Flávia C.P.
; Germano Filho, Pedro
; Giacomin, Leandro
; Gil, André S.B.
; Giulietti, Ana M.
; A.P.Godoy, Silvana
; Goldenberg, Renato
; Gomes da Costa, Géssica A.
; Gomes, Mário
; Gomes-Klein, Vera L.
; Gonçalves, Eduardo Gomes
; Graham, Shirley
; Groppo, Milton
; Guedes, Juliana S.
; Guimarães, Leonardo R.S.
; Guimarães, Paulo J.F.
; Guimarães, Elsie F.
; Gutierrez, Raul
; Harley, Raymond
; Hassemer, Gustavo
; Hattori, Eric K.O.
; Hefler, Sonia M.
; Heiden, Gustavo
; Henderson, Andrew
; Hensold, Nancy
; Hiepko, Paul
; Holanda, Ana S.S.
; Iganci, João R.V.
; Imig, Daniela C.
; Indriunas, Alexandre
; Jacques, Eliane L.
; Jardim, Jomar G.
; Kamer, Hiltje M.
; Kameyama, Cíntia
; Kinoshita, Luiza S.
; Kirizawa, Mizué
; Klitgaard, Bente B.
; Koch, Ingrid
; Koschnitzke, Cristiana
; Krauss, Nathália P.
; Kriebel, Ricardo
; Kuntz, Juliana
; Larocca, João
; Leal, Eduardo S.
; Lewis, Gwilym P.
; Lima, Carla T.
; Lima, Haroldo C.
; Lima, Itamar B.
; Lima, Laíce F.G.
; Lima, Laura C.P.
; Lima, Leticia R.
; Lima, Luís F.P.
; Lima, Rita B.
; Lírio, Elton J.
; Liro, Renata M.
; Lleras, Eduardo
; Lobão, Adriana
; Loeuille, Benoit
; Lohmann, Lúcia G.
; Loiola, Maria I.B.
; Lombardi, Julio A.
; Longhi-Wagner, Hilda M.
; Lopes, Rosana C.
; Lorencini, Tiago S.
; Louzada, Rafael B.
; Lovo, Juliana
; Lozano, Eduardo D.
; Lucas, Eve
; Ludtke, Raquel
; Luz, Christian L.
; Maas, Paul
; Machado, Anderson F.P.
; Macias, Leila
; Maciel, Jefferson R.
; Magenta, Mara A.G.
; Mamede, Maria C.H.
; Manoel, Evelin A.
; Marchioretto, Maria S.
; Marques, Juliana S.
; Marquete, Nilda
; Marquete, Ronaldo
; Martinelli, Gustavo
; Martins da Silva, Regina C.V.
; Martins, Ângela B.
; Martins, Erika R.
; Martins, Márcio L.L.
; Martins, Milena V.
; Martins, Renata C.
; Matias, Ligia Q.
; Maya-L., Carlos A.
; Mayo, Simon
; Mazine, Fiorella
; Medeiros, Debora
; Medeiros, Erika S.
; Medeiros, Herison
; Medeiros, João D.
; Meireles, José E.
; Mello-Silva, Renato
; Melo, Aline
; Melo, André L.
; Melo, Efigênia
; Melo, José I.M.
; Menezes, Cristine G.
; Menini Neto, Luiz
; Mentz, Lilian A.
; Mezzonato, A.C.
; Michelangeli, Fabián A.
; Milward-de-Azevedo, Michaele A.
; Miotto, Silvia T.S.
; Miranda, Vitor F.O.
; Mondin, Cláudio A.
; Monge, Marcelo
; Monteiro, Daniele
; Monteiro, Raquel F.
; Moraes, Marta D.
; Moraes, Pedro L.R.
; Mori, Scott A.
; Mota, Aline C.
; Mota, Nara F.O.
; Moura, Tania M.
; Mulgura, Maria
; Nakajima, Jimi N.
; Nardy, Camila
; Nascimento Júnior, José E.
; Noblick, Larry
; Nunes, Teonildes S.
; O'Leary, Nataly
; Oliveira, Arline S.
; Oliveira, Caetano T.
; Oliveira, Juliana A.
; Oliveira, Luciana S.D.
; Oliveira, Maria L.A.A.
; Oliveira, Regina C.
; Oliveira, Renata S.
; Oliveira, Reyjane P.
; Paixão-Souza, Bruno
; Parra, Lara R.
; Pasini, Eduardo
; Pastore, José F.B.
; Pastore, Mayara
; Paula-Souza, Juliana
; Pederneiras, Leandro C.
; Peixoto, Ariane L.
; Pelissari, Gisela
; Pellegrini, Marco O.O.
; Pennington, Toby
; Perdiz, Ricardo O.
; Pereira, Anna C.M.
; Pereira, Maria S.
; Pereira, Rodrigo A.S.
; Pessoa, Clenia
; Pessoa, Edlley M.
; Pessoa, Maria C.R.
; Pinto, Luiz J.S.
; Pinto, Rafael B.
; Pontes, Tiago A.
; Prance, Ghillean T.
; Proença, Carolyn
; Profice, Sheila R.
; Pscheidt, Allan C.
; Queiroz, George A.
; Queiroz, Rubens T.
; Quinet, Alexandre
; Rainer, Heimo
; Ramos, Eliana
; Rando, Juliana G.
; Rapini, Alessandro
; Reginato, Marcelo
; Reis, Ilka P.
; Reis, Priscila A.
; Ribeiro, André R.O.
; Ribeiro, José E.L.S.
; Riina, Ricarda
; Ritter, Mara R.
; Rivadavia, Fernando
; Rocha, Antônio E.S.
; Rocha, Maria J.R.
; Rodrigues, Izabella M.C.
; Rodrigues, Karina F.
; Rodrigues, Rodrigo S.
; Rodrigues, Rodrigo S.
; Rodrigues, Vinícius T.
; Rodrigues, William
; Romaniuc Neto, Sérgio
; Romão, Gerson O.
; Romero, Rosana
; Roque, Nádia
; Rosa, Patrícia
; Rossi, Lúcia
; Sá, Cyl F.C.
; Saavedra, Mariana M.
; Saka, Mariana
; Sakuragui, Cássia M.
; Salas, Roberto M.
; Sales, Margareth F.
; Salimena, Fatima R.G.
; Sampaio, Daniela
; Sancho, Gisela
; Sano, Paulo T.
; Santos, Alessandra
; Santos, Élide P.
; Santos, Juliana S.
; Santos, Marianna R.
; Santos-Gonçalves, Ana P.
; Santos-Silva, Fernanda
; São-Mateus, Wallace
; Saraiva, Deisy P.
; Saridakis, Dennis P.
; Sartori, Ângela L.B.
; Scalon, Viviane R.
; Schneider, Ângelo
; Sebastiani, Renata
; Secco, Ricardo S.
; Senna, Luisa
; Senna-Valle, Luci
; Shirasuna, Regina T.
; Silva Filho, Pedro J.S.
; Silva, Anádria S.
; Silva, Christian
; Silva, Genilson A.R.
; Silva, Gisele O.
; Silva, Márcia C.R.
; Silva, Marcos J.
; Silva, Marcos J.
; Silva, Otávio L.M.
; Silva, Rafaela A.P.
; Silva, Saura R.
; Silva, Tania R.S.
; Silva-Gonçalves, Kelly C.
; Silva-Luz, Cíntia L.
; Simão-Bianchini, Rosângela
; Simões, André O.
; Simpson, Beryl
; Siniscalchi, Carolina M.
; Siqueira Filho, José A.
; Siqueira, Carlos E.
; Siqueira, Josafá C.
; Smith, Nathan P.
; Snak, Cristiane
; Soares Neto, Raimundo L.
; Soares, Kelen P.
; Soares, Marcos V.B.
; Soares, Maria L.
; Soares, Polyana N.
; Sobral, Marcos
; Sodré, Rodolfo C.
; Somner, Genise V.
; Sothers, Cynthia A.
; Sousa, Danilo J.L.
; Souza, Elnatan B.
; Souza, Élvia R.
; Souza, Marcelo
; Souza, Maria L.D.R.
; Souza-Buturi, Fátima O.
; Spina, Andréa P.
; Stapf, María N.S.
; Stefano, Marina V.
; Stehmann, João R.
; Steinmann, Victor
; Takeuchi, Cátia
; Taylor, Charlotte M.
; Taylor, Nigel P.
; Teles, Aristônio M.
; Temponi, Lívia G.
; Terra-Araujo, Mário H.
; Thode, Veronica
; Thomas, W.Wayt
; Tissot-Squalli, Mara L.
; Torke, Benjamin M.
; Torres, Roseli B.
; Tozzi, Ana M.G.A.
; Trad, Rafaela J.
; Trevisan, Rafael
; Trovó, Marcelo
; Valls, José F.M.
; Vaz, Angela M.S.F.
; Versieux, Leonardo
; Viana, Pedro L.
; Vianna Filho, Marcelo D.M.
; Vieira, Ana O.S.
; Vieira, Diego D.
; Vignoli-Silva, Márcia
; Vilar, Thaisa
; Vinhos, Franklin
; Wallnöfer, Bruno
; Wanderley, Maria G.L.
; Wasshausen, Dieter
; Watanabe, Maurício T.C.
; Weigend, Maximilian
; Welker, Cassiano A.D.
; Woodgyer, Elizabeth
; Xifreda, Cecilia C.
; Yamamoto, Kikyo
; Zanin, Ana
; Zenni, Rafael D.
; Zickel, Carmem S
.
Resumo Um levantamento atualizado das plantas com sementes e análises relevantes acerca desta biodiversidade são apresentados. Este trabalho se iniciou em 2010 com a publicação do Catálogo de Plantas e Fungos e, desde então vem sendo atualizado por mais de 430 especialistas trabalhando online. O Brasil abriga atualmente 32.086 espécies nativas de Angiospermas e 23 espécies nativas de Gimnospermas e estes novos dados mostram um aumento de 3% da riqueza em relação a 2010. A Amazônia é o Domínio Fitogeográfico com o maior número de espécies de Gimnospermas, enquanto que a Floresta Atlântica possui a maior riqueza de Angiospermas. Houve um crescimento considerável no número de espécies e nas taxas de endemismo para a maioria dos Domínios (Caatinga, Cerrado, Floresta Atlântica, Pampa e Pantanal), com exceção da Amazônia que apresentou uma diminuição de 2,5% de endemicidade. Entretanto, a maior parte das plantas com sementes que ocorrem no Brasil (57,4%) é endêmica deste território. A proporção de formas de vida varia de acordo com os diferentes Domínios: árvores são mais expressivas na Amazônia e Floresta Atlântica do que nos outros biomas, ervas são dominantes no Pampa e as lianas apresentam riqueza expressiva na Amazônia, Floresta Atlântica e Pantanal. Este trabalho não só quantifica a biodiversidade brasileira, mas também indica as lacunas de conhecimento e o desafio a ser enfrentado para a conservação desta flora.
Abstract An updated inventory of Brazilian seed plants is presented and offers important insights into the country's biodiversity. This work started in 2010, with the publication of the Plants and Fungi Catalogue, and has been updated since by more than 430 specialists working online. Brazil is home to 32,086 native Angiosperms and 23 native Gymnosperms, showing an increase of 3% in its species richness in relation to 2010. The Amazon Rainforest is the richest Brazilian biome for Gymnosperms, while the Atlantic Rainforest is the richest one for Angiosperms. There was a considerable increment in the number of species and endemism rates for biomes, except for the Amazon that showed a decrease of 2.5% of recorded endemics. However, well over half of Brazillian seed plant species (57.4%) is endemic to this territory. The proportion of life-forms varies among different biomes: trees are more expressive in the Amazon and Atlantic Rainforest biomes while herbs predominate in the Pampa, and lianas are more expressive in the Amazon, Atlantic Rainforest, and Pantanal. This compilation serves not only to quantify Brazilian biodiversity, but also to highlight areas where there information is lacking and to provide a framework for the challenge faced in conserving Brazil's unique and diverse flora.
https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860201566411
33340 downloads
5.
Trophic ecology of two piranha species, Pygocentrus nattereri and Serrasalmus marginatus (Characiformes, Characidae), in the floodplain of the Negro River, Pantanal
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OBJETIVOS: Este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar a influência da variação hidrológica, da ontogenia e da variação interespecífica na atividade alimentar e composição da dieta de P. nattereri e S. marginatus na planície de inundação do Rio Negro, Pantanal Sul. MÉTODOS: As amostragens foram realizadas com o uso de redes de espera e tarrafas com diversas malhagens no período de outubro/2005 e agosto/2008. RESULTADOS: Foram coletados um total de 748 indivíduos, 442 de P. nattereri e 306 indivíduos de S. marginatus. Identificamos 31 itens alimentares no período da seca e 14 na cheia para P. nattereri e 29 itens alimentares no período da seca e oito na cheia para S. marginatus. Para ambas as espécies, peixes foi o item predominante em ambas as estações. Os resultados da PERMANOVA mostraram que a dieta variou significativamente entre as espécies (p<0,001), durante o desenvolvimento ontogenético (p<0,001) e sazonalmente (p=0,024). Os resultados da ANCOVA sugerem que a intensidade da tomada de alimento foi maior na estação seca (p<0,001), para ambas as espécies. A amplitude de nicho variou entre as espécies estudadas, S. marginatus apresentou uma amplitude de nicho maior do que P. nattereri. CONCLUSÃO: As piranhas se alimentam mais durante a seca, provavelmente porque neste período o alimento é mais variado e abundante, devido a concentração de peixes no canal principal do rio. Houve mudanças ontogenéticas na dieta, sem sobreposição alimentar entre as duas espécies, devido, provavelmente, as diferenças nas preferências e no comportamento de caça durante os ataques.
AIM: This study aimed to evaluate influence of hydrological variation, ontogeny and interspecific variation in the feeding activity and diet composition for P. nattereri and S. marginatus in floodplain of Negro River, South Pantanal. METHODS: The samples were taken with the use of gillnets and cast nets of different sizes, from October/2005 to August/2008. RESULTS: We sampled 748 specimens, 442 of P. nattereri and 306 of S. marginatus. We identified 31 items in the dry and 14 in the flood season for P. nattereri, and 29 items in the dry and eight in the flood season for S. marginatus. For both species, fish was the predominant food item in both seasons. The PERMANOVA results showed that the diet varied significantly between the two species (p<0.001), during ontogenetic development (p<0.001) and seasonally (p=0.024). The ancova results suggests that the intensity of food intake was higher in the dry season (p<0.001) for both species. The niche breadth varied only between studied species with S. marginatus presenting higher niche breadth than P. nattereri. CONCLUSION: Piranhas feed more during dry season, probably because in this period food is more varied and abundant, due to the concentration of fish in the main river channel. There were ontogenetic changes in the diet, with no feeding overlap between the two species, probably because of differences in preference for some items and differences in feeding behavior displayed during hunting attacks.
https://doi.org/10.1590/S2179-975X2014000400006
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6.
Quantification of pharmaceuticals and personal care product residues in surface and drinking water samples by SPE and LC-ESI-MS/MS
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Silveira, Maria Angelis K.
; Caldas, Sergiane S.
; Guilherme, Juliana R.
; Costa, Fabiane P.
; Guimarães, Bruno de S.
; Cerqueira, Maristela B. R.
; Soares, Bruno M.
; Primel, Ednei G.
.
Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society
- Journal Metrics
Atualmente as nações industrializadas se deparam com um novo problema, a contaminação das águas por contaminantes emergentes, entre eles fármacos e produtos de cuidado pessoal (PPCPs). Neste trabalho, um método analítico empregando extração em fase sólida (SPE) e cromatografia líquida com fonte de ionização eletrospray acoplada com espectrometria de massas em série foi desenvolvido e validado para a determinação de nimesulida, amitriptilina, enalapril, glibenclamida, haloperidol e metilparabeno em amostras de água. O estudo da SPE envolveu a utilização de um planejamento fatorial fracionado 2v5-1 para a seleção das variáveis que afetam o procedimento de extração. Os limites de detecção variaram de 0,01 a 0,2 µg L-1 e os de quantificação de 0,05 a 1,0 µg L-1. Obteve-se uma boa linearidade (coeficiente de determinação, r > 0,99) para todos os compostos. As recuperações variaram entre 65 e 120% com valores de desvio padrão relativo (RSD) menores que 20%. O método foi aplicado para a determinação de PPCPs em amostras de água superficial e potável durante 3 meses. Os níveis de PPCPs detectados foram da ordem de µg L-1.
Currently, industrialized nations have faced a new problem, the contamination of water by emerging contaminants, such as pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs). A method based on solid-phase extraction (SPE) and liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization source tandem mass spectrometry was developed and validated for the determination of nimesulide, amitriptyline, enalapril, glibenclamide, haloperidol and methylparaben in water samples. In the study of SPE, a 2v5-1 fractional factorial design was used as a tool for the selection of the most significant variables in the extraction efficiency of the analytes under study. The limits of detection and quantification ranged from 0.01 to 0.2 µg L-1 and 0.05 to 1.0 µg L-1, respectively. Good linearity was obtained by a correlation coefficient (r) > 0.99 for all compounds. Recoveries ranged from 65 and 120% with relative standard deviation (RSD) lower than 20%. The method was applied to the determination of PPCPs in samples of surface and drinking water for three months. PPCPs were detected at µg L-1 levels.
https://doi.org/10.5935/0103-5053.20130176
3986 downloads
7.
Paepalanthus subgen. Xeractis (Eriocaulaceae) na porção central da Cadeia do Espinhaço em Minas Gerais, Brasil
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Dentre as famílias botânicas que ocorrem nos campos rupestres, Eriocaulaceae destaca-se como uma das mais representativas, tanto pela grande riqueza, como pelo elevado número de endemismos. A família é composta atualmente por 10 gêneros. Paepalanthus Mart. possui ca. 400 espécies agrupadas em vários táxons infragenéricos, entre eles Paepalanthus subgen. Xeractis Koern., grupo endêmico da Cadeia do Espinhaço em Minas Gerais. Foi efetuado o levantamento das espécies de Paepalanthus subgen. Xeractis que ocorrem na porção central da Cadeia do Espinhaço em Minas Gerais, principal centro de diversidade do gênero. Foram registradas 10 espécies e duas variedades: P. argenteus (Bong.) Koern. var. argenteus, P. calvulus (Ruhland) Hensold, P. chrysolepis Silveira, P. comans Silveira, P. dianthoides Mart., P. homomallus (Bong.) Mart., P. latifolius Koern., P. mollis var. itambeensis Hensold, P. nigrescens Silveira, P. plumosus (Bong.) Koern., P. revolutus Hensold e P. superbus (Silveira) Hensold. São apresentadas chaves de identificação para os subgêneros de Paepalanthus e espécies de P. subgen. Xeractis, além de descrições e comentários sobre morfologia, distribuição geográfica, hábitat e conservação das espécies.
Among the plant families that occur in the campos rupestres, Eriocaulaceae stands out as one of the most representative, in the number of species, and also in the number of endemic species. Currently the family is composed of 10 genera. Paepalanthus Mart. comprises ca. 400 species grouped in many infrageneric taxa, among them, Paepalanthus subgen. Xeractis Koern., subgenus endemic of the Espinhaço Range in Minas Gerais State. Our study presents information about species of Paepalanthus subgen. Xeractis that occur in the central Espinhaço Range in Minas Gerais, the main diversity centre of Paepalanthus. Ten species and two varieties were found: Paepalanthus argenteus (Bong.) Koern. var. argenteus, P. calvulus (Ruhland) Hensold, P. chrysolepis Silveira, P. comans Silveira, P. dianthoides Mart., P. homomallus (Bong.) Mart., P. latifolius Koern., P. mollis var. itambeensis Hensold, P. nigrescens Silveira, P. plumosus (Bong.) Koern., P. revolutus Hensold, and P. superbus (Silveira) Hensold. We present identification keys for the subgenera of Paepalanthus and for species of P. subgen. Xeractis, and also descriptions and comments about morphology, geographical distribution and conservation of the species.
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Cited 1 time in SciELO
8.
Development and validation of a method using SPE and LC-ESI-MS-MS for the determination of multiple classes of pesticides and metabolites in water samples
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Demoliner, Adriana
; Caldas, Sergiane S.
; Costa, Fabiane P.
; Gonçalves, Fábio F.
; Clementin, Rosilene M.
; Milani, Márcio R.
; Primel, Ednei G.
.
Um método analítico baseado na extração em fase sólida e cromatografia líquida acoplada à espectrometria de massas tandem (LC-ESI-MS-MS) foi desenvolvido e validado para a determinação e confirmação de dezoito agrotóxicos (herbicidas, inseticidas e fungicidas) e dois metabólitos em amostras de água. Os limites de detecção variaram de 0,4 a 40,0 ng L-1 e os limites de quantificação de 4,0 a 100,0 ng L-1. Foi obtida boa linearidade, com r² > 0,99 para todos os compostos. As recuperações, para 95% dos compostos, variaram de 70 a 120%, com RSDs menores que 21% para todos. Através do monitoramento de reações múltiplas (MRM), foram selecionadas duas diferentes transições íon precursor-íon produto para cada agrotóxico. A metodologia proposta pode ser usada para a determinação de resíduos de agrotóxicos em águas de superfície e potável, em concordância com a Lei n° 518 do Ministério da Saúde, Brasil, e com os parâmetros da União Européia para água potável (Directive 98/83/EC).
An analytical method using solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS-MS) was developed and validated for the determination and confirmation of eighteen polar pesticides (herbicides, insecticides and fungicides) and two metabolites in water samples. The limits of detection varied between 0.4-40.0 ng L-1 and the limits of quantification between 4.0-100.0 ng L-1. Good linearity with r² > 0.99 for all compounds was obtained. The recovery for 91% of the accuracy experiments varied from 70 to 120%, with RSD below 21% for all. Through multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) two different precursor ion-product ion transitions were selected for each pesticide. The proposed methodology can be used for the convenient and effective determination of pesticide residues in surface and drinking waters in accordance with Law No. 518 ofthe Ministry of Health, Brazil, and the European Union Directive on drinking water quality (98/83/EC).
5574 downloads
9.
Pesticide residue determination in groundwater using solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detector and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
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Caldas, Sergiane S.
; Demoliner, Adriana
; Costa, Fabiane P.
; D'Oca, Marcelo G. M.
; Primel, Ednei G.
.
Resíduos de quatro agrotóxicos foram determinados durante um ano em águas de poços de uma área agrícola no Sul do Brasil. Os métodos para a separação, identificação e quantificação dos compostos incluíram cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência com detecção por arranjo de diodos (HPLC-DAD) e cromatografia líquida acoplada à espectrometria de massas (LC-ESI-MS/MS). Uma etapa de pré-concentração baseada na extração em fase sólida com cartuchos de 200 mg de C18 foi realizada. Todos os parâmetros analíticos ficaram de acordo com os limites sugeridos para a validação de métodos cromatográficos. Os limites de quantificação para o método, considerando um fator de pré-concentração de 250 vezes, foram 0,2 μg L-1 para todos os analitos por HPLC-DAD, 4,0 ng L-1 para o clomazona, carbofurano e tebuconazol e 40,0 ng L-1 para o 2,4-D por LC-ESI-MS/MS. Nas amostras de águas subterrâneas, o 2,4-D não foi detectado e o carbofurano, clomazona e tebuconazol apresentaram concentrações que variaram entre 0,25 e 10,40 μg L-1, 0,20 e 0,82 μg L-1, e 0,20 e 4,16 μg L-1, respectivamente. Os métodos mostraram-se adequados para a determinação de agrotóxicos em águas subterrâneas.
Residues of four pesticides in groundwaters were surveyed during one year in an agricultural area in southern Brazil. The methods for separation, identification and quantification of the compounds included high-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC-DAD) and liquid chromatography with electrospray interface tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS). A pre-concentration step based on solid-phase extraction with 200 mg C18 cartridges was applied. All the analytical parameters were within the limits suggested for the validation of chromatographic methods. The LOQs for the methods, considering the 250-fold pre-concentration step, were 0.2 μg L-1 for all pesticides by HPLC-DAD, 4.0 ng L-1 for clomazone, carbofuran and tebuconazole and 40.0 ng L-1 for 2,4-D by LC-ESI-MS/MS. In groundwater samples, 2,4-D was not detected, and carbofuran, clomazone and tebuconazole were detected in concentrations ranging from 0.25 to 10.40 μg L-1, from 0.20 to 0.82 μg L-1 and from 0.20 to 4.16 μg L-1, respectively. The methods proved to be adequate for the analysis of pesticides in groundwaters.
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