Cisplatin is an effective antineoplastic agent, but its use is limited by its nephrotoxicity caused by the oxidative stress in tubular epithelium of nephrons. On the other hand, regular exercise provides beneficial adaptations in different tissues and organs. As with many drugs, dosing is extremely important to get the beneficial effects of exercise. Thus, we aimed to investigate the influence of exercise intensity and frequency on cisplatin-induced (20 mg/kg) renal damage in mice. Forty male Swiss mice were divided into five experimental groups (n=8 per group): 1) sedentary; 2) low-intensity forced swimming, three times per week; 3) high-intensity forced swimming, three times per week; 4) low-intensity forced swimming, five times per week; and 5) high-intensity forced swimming, five times per week. Body composition, renal structure, functional indicators (plasma urea), lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzyme activity, expression of genes related to antioxidant defense, and inflammatory and apoptotic pathways were evaluated. Comparisons considered exercise intensity and frequency. High lipid peroxidation was observed in the sedentary group compared with trained mice, regardless of exercise intensity and frequency. Groups that trained three times per week showed more benefits, as reduced tubular necrosis, plasma urea, expression of CASP3 and Rela (NFkB subunit-p65) genes, and increased total glutathione peroxidase activity. No significant difference in Nfe2l2 (Nrf2) gene expression was observed between groups. Eight weeks of regular exercise training promoted nephroprotection against cisplatin-mediated oxidative injury. Exercise frequency was critical for nephroprotection.

RESUMO Objetivou-se com o presente trabalho verificar o efeito da arquitetura varietal da cultura e da aplicação da prática de desaleiramento na ocorrência de plantas daninhas em áreas de cultivo de cana-de-açúcar, bem como inferir sobre a sustentabilidade do sistema produtivo sem aplicação de herbicidas. O experimento foi implantado em 2011 em delineamento experimental de blocos casualizados com parcelas subdivididas, com quatro repetições. As parcelas foram compostas pelas variedades IACSP95 5000 e SP91 1049. Nas subparcelas, alocou-se o manejo do palhiço (desaleirado ou não desaleirado). As avaliações foram realizadas nos anos de 2012 e 2013, sendo obtidos os níveis absolutos de infestação, a densidade, a frequência e a dominância das espécies de plantas daninhas. As áreas foram intra-caracterizadas pelos coeficientes de Simpson e Shannon-Weiner, e a sustentabilidade, aferida pelo coeficiente SEP. As áreas foram agrupadas por similaridade de Jaccard. Outros fatores, além da arquitetura foliar, foram mais significativos para o nível de infestação; os tratamentos desaleirados foram mais infestados que os não desaleirados; no segundo ano de cultivo as espécies mais adaptadas ao sistema aumentaram seu valor de importância; o leiteiro foi a planta daninha preponderante em todos os tratamentos, merecendo atenção desde a pré-implantação da lavoura, com foco em sua redução no banco de sementes do solo; a diversidade de espécies foi maior em áreas não desaleiradas devido à ocorrência de outras espécies além do leiteiro; e a sustentabilidade foi reduzida do primeiro para o segundo ano, indicando que somente técnicas culturais não são suficientes, mesmo com o elevado sombreamento proporcionado

ABSTRACT This study aims to verify the effect of crop varietal architecture and straw removal from planting rows in the occurrence of weeds in sugarcane and infer about the sustainability of the production system with no herbicide application. The experiment was established in 2011 in a randomized block design with split plots and four replications. Main plots were varieties IACSP95 5000 and SP91 1049. In the sub-plots there the straw removal was allocated (evenly scattered in the area, or concentrated in inter-rows). Assessments were conducted in 2012 and 2013 and the absolute levels of infestation, density, frequency and dominance of weed species were obtained. Areas were intra-characterized by the coefficients of Simpson and Shannon-Weiner and sustainability inferred by the SEP coefficient. Areas were grouped by the similarity coefficient of Jaccard. Other factors besides leaf architecture were more significant for level of infestation. Treatments with straw removal from planting rows were more infested than those with evenly scattered straw. In the second year of cultivation, those species most adapted to the system increased their importance value. Wild poinsettia was the dominant weed in all treatments, deserving attention from pre-planting on, to reducing its occurrence in the soil seed bank. Species diversity was higher where straw was evenly scattered due to the occurrence of species other than wild poinsettia. Sustainability was reduced from the first to the second year, indicating that only cultural practices are not enough, even with high shading provided by crop and straw production, demanding herbicides.

Objetivou-se com este trabalho comparar a infestação de plantas daninhas em café sob dois manejos de cultivo diferentes: café convencional cultivado isoladamente (solteiro) e em consórcio com banana (final da primavera, fim do verão, outono e final do inverno). O experimento foi instalado em 2009, em condições de campo, na Escola Municipal Rural Benedita Figueiró de Oliveira, em Ivinhema, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brasil. Foi avaliada a ocorrência de espécies daninhas três anos após a implantação, em ambos os sistemas de cultivo, sendo quantificada a densidade, frequência, dominância e valor de importância para cada espécie ocorrente. A diversidade de espécies dentro de cada sistema foi estimada pelos índices Simpson e Shannon-Weiner, e os sistemas de cultivo foram ainda comparados pelo coeficiente binário assimétrico de similaridade de Jaccard. A infestação absoluta de espécies espontâneas diferiu entre os dois sistemas de cultivo em todas as estações, e a diversidade das espécies foi maior na monocultura em comparação com o consórcio, mostrando maior incidência de espécies problemáticas. As áreas foram semelhantes em termos de composição de plantas daninhas somente no outono. O sombreamento proporcionado pela bananeira mostrou-se eficiente no manejo cultural na supressão de plantas daninhas em sistemas de plantio agroecológicos.

We aimed with this study to compare weed infestation in coffee under two different cropping managements: conventional coffee grown alone, or intercropped with banana plantation in a year-round basis (late spring, late summer, late fall and late winter). The experiment was installed in 2009 under field conditions at the Escola Municipal Rural Benedita Figueiró de Oliveira, in the city of Ivinhema in the state of Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil. Assessments of weed occurrence were made three years after employment, on both cropping systems, and density, frequency, dominance and the importance value for each plant species in each system and season were quantified. Plant diversity within each system was estimated by Simpson and Shannon-Weiner indexes. Similarity between cropping systems were also assessed by the binary asymmetric similarity coefficient of Jaccard. Absolute infestation and spontaneous species differed between the two cropping systems in all seasons. Overall species diversity is higher in the monocrop compared with the intercrop, and it is associated in this study with the higher incidence of troublesome species. Areas were similar in terms of weed composition only in the Fall. Shading provided by the banana trees shows to be an efficient culture management aiming to suppress weeds in agro-ecological planting systems.

A substituição do óleo de peixe em dietas para beijupirá (Rachycentron canadum) foi avaliada usando-se cinco proporções de óleo de peixe e soja. Duzentos juvenis (±12g) foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em 20 tanques e alimentados até a saciedade aparente durante 42 dias. À medida que se aumentou o teor de óleo de peixe nas dietas, houve aumento proporcional no desempenho. Os juvenis alimentados com dietas que continham 75 e 100% de óleo de peixe apresentaram ganhos de peso mais altos que os das dietas com 0 e 25% de óleo de peixe, enquanto os alimentados com a dieta com 50% de óleo de peixe apresentaram crescimento intermediário. Não foram observadas diferenças nas concentrações de proteína e lipídio na carcaça dos peixes, mas os teores de umidade e cinzas diferiram entre os tratamentos. A inclusão de teores relativamente altos de ingredientes de origem vegetal diminuiu o consumo alimentar, o que afetou negativamente o crescimento. Os resultados indicam a possibilidade de substituição de até 50% do óleo de peixe por óleo de soja em dietas para juvenis do beijupirá.

The replacement of fish oil for cobia (Rachycentron canadum) in diets was evaluated using five proportions of fish oil:soybean oil. Two hundred juveniles (±12g) were randomly distributed in twenty 480L tanks and fed to apparent satiety twice daily for 42 days. Diets contained 12% lipids with different proportions of fish to soybean oils and were therefore named OP0, OP25, OP50, OP75 and OP100 according to the inclusion content of fish oil (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%, respectively). Increasing dietary fish oil levels resulted in higher survival, growth and feed intake. Fish fed diets OP75 and OP100 presented higher weight gain than those fed diets OP0 and OP25, whereas fish fed diet OP50 had an intermediate weight gain. Overall, performance was enhanced at higher contents of dietary fish oil. No significant differences on protein and lipid content of fish carcass were observed, but moisture and ash content differed significantly between treatments. The inclusion of relatively higher contents of plant ingredients affected feed intake, which resulted in lower growth rates. The present results suggest the possibility of replacing up to 50% of fish oil with soybean oil in diets for cobia juveniles.

Foram avaliados os efeitos da radiação gama nas doses de 1,5 e 3,0kGy, em peitos de frango embalados em embalagem convencional e a vácuo. As amostras embaladas foram submetidas à irradiação e estocadas sob refrigeração (4ºC) por 30 dias. A radiação mostrou-se eficiente na redução de mesófilos aeróbios estritos e facultativos viáveis, coliformes totais e termotolerantes, com destaque para Salmonella spp. Os bolores e leveduras mostraram-se bastante resistentes à radiação. Os resultados sugerem que a dose de 3,0kGy pode ser utilizada no controle da microbiota do peito de frango armazenado sob refrigeração, sendo uma alternativa para o aumento da vida de prateleira por até 10 dias, ao garantir a segurança do consumidor pela eliminação de possíveis patógenos.

The effects of gamma radiation doses of 1.5 and 3.0kGy on chicken breasts packed under conventional or vacuum atmosphere were evaluated. The packed samples were subjected to irradiation and stored under refrigeration (4°C) for 30 days. The radiation was efficient in reducing strict and facultative aerobic mesophiles, total and fecal coliforms, and mainly Salmonella spp. The molds and yeasts were very resistant to radiation. The results suggest that gamma radiation at 3.0kGy can be used to control the microbiota in chicken breast stored under refrigeration, as an alternative to extend the shelf-life for more than ten days and ensure the food safety by eliminating potential pathogens.