RESUMO Objetivo: Compreender o uso da Caderneta da Criança na Atenção Primária sob o olhar dos profissionais de saúde da família e das mães. Método: Pesquisa qualitativa, ancorada no Interacionismo Simbólico, com 25 profissionais de saúde da família e 11 mães, em município do Nordeste brasileiro. Os dados foram produzidos nos meses de setembro e outubro de 2020, mediante entrevista semiestruturada e submetidos à análise temática indutiva. Resultados: Foram elaboradas as unidades temáticas: “Utilização da Caderneta da Criança na Atenção Primária: o protagonismo da enfermagem”, que desvelou os enfermeiros como profissionais que mais observam e preenchem os registros na caderneta e orientam as mães; e “Obstáculos para utilização da Caderneta da Criança na Atenção Primária”, que evidenciou as fragilidades na formação acadêmica e a indisponibilidade da caderneta como obstáculos para sua utilização. Conclusão: Os enfermeiros são protagonistas na vigilância do desenvolvimento a partir da utilização da Caderneta da Criança na Atenção Primária. A atuação do enfermeiro, que é um importante membro da equipe multiprofissional, tem potencial para ressignificar esse instrumento pelos demais profissionais da equipe e pelas mães, repercutindo, de forma positiva, no desenvolvimento infantil.

ABSTRACT Objective: To understand the use of the Child Health Handbook in Primary Care from the perspective of family health professionals and mothers. Method: Qualitative research, grounded in Symbolic Interactionism, with 25 family health professionals and 11 mothers, in a city in Northeast Brazil. The data were collected in the months of September and October 2020, through semi-structured interviews and submitted to inductive thematic analysis. Results: The following thematic units were developed: “Use of the Child Health Handbook in Primary Care: the role of nursing”, which revealed nurses as the professionals who most frequently observe and fill out the records in the handbook and guide mothers; and “Obstacles to the use of the Child Health Handbook in Primary Care”, which highlighted the weaknesses in academic training and the unavailability of the handbook as obstacles to its use. Conclusion: Nurses play a central role in monitoring child development using the Child Health Handbook in Primary Care. The work of nurses, as important members of the multiprofessional team, has the potential to give new meaning to this instrument for other professionals, and for mothers, positively impacting child development.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Comprender el uso del Manual del Niño en Atención Primaria desde la perspectiva de los profesionales de la salud de la familia y de las madres. Método: Investigación cualitativa, anclada en el Interaccionismo Simbólico, con 25 profesionales de la salud de la familia y 11 madres, en una ciudad del Nordeste brasileño. Los datos fueron producidos en septiembre y octubre de 2020, a través de entrevistas semiestructuradas y sometidos a análisis temático inductivo. Resultados: Se desarrollaron unidades temáticas: “Uso del Manual del Niño en Atención Básica: el papel de la enfermería”, que reveló al enfermero como el profesional que más observa y completa los registros del manual y orienta a las madres; y “Obstáculos para el uso del Manual del Niño en Atención Primaria”, que destacó las debilidades en la formación académica y la falta de disponibilidad del manual como obstáculos para su uso. Conclusión: Los enfermeros son protagonistas en el seguimiento del desarrollo a través del uso del Manual del Niño en Atención Primaria. El papel del enfermero, miembro importante del equipo multidisciplinario, tiene el potencial de dar un nuevo significado a este instrumento para los demás profesionales del equipo y para las madres, impactando positivamente en el desarrollo infantil.

Abstract Introduction Mouth breathing generates imbalances in the musculature, in craniofacial morphofunctionality, and in the stomatognathic system. Therefore, it is essential to make a diagnosis of mouth breathing through the quantitative assessment of nasal permeability, which can be performed through rhinomanometry. Objective To investigate the effectiveness of rhinomanometry in the diagnosis of mouth breathing in pediatric patients through a systematic review of the literature. Data synthesis The guiding question was: "Is the use of rhinomanometry as an assessment tool effective in the diagnosis of mouth breathing in pediatric patients?". We conducted a search on the following databases: Latin American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Information (BIREME), Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature (LILACS), PubMed/Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), Web of Science, and Science Direct. The Health Sciences Descriptors (Descritores em Ciências da Saúde, DECS, in Portuguese) and Medical Subjects Headings (MESH) were combined with the Boolean operator AND in the search strategy: rhinomanometry AND mouth breathing AND diagnosis AND nasal pressure AND nasal airflow AND nasal resistance. Observational cohort and cross-sectional studies that addressed the effectiveness of rhinomanometry in the diagnosis of mouth breathing were included. The reviewers independently extracted the information and scored the review quality based on the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) scale and the grading of evidence levels according to the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) system. Of the 1,536 articles identified, only 3 were selected for the present review after the application of the eligibility criteria. Conclusion There is great concern regarding the assessment of nasal function. There was a lack of standardization of rhinomanometry to test the effectiveness of nasal resistance as an aid in the diagnosis of breathing mode.

RESUMO Discute-se o Fundo de Saúde do município de São Paulo, destacando a apropriação dos seus recursos pelo setor privado, especialmente pelas Organizações Sociais (OS). Para tanto, a primeira parte apresenta os fundamentos mais gerais do Fundo Público. A segunda parte analisa a trajetória histórica do Fundo Municipal de Saúde e a utilização de seus recursos, em grande medida, para o financiamento da atenção básica, via Programa de Saúde da Família, executado pelas OS. A terceira apresenta as características das OS, analisando a evolução da apropriação dos recursos do Fundo de Saúde entre 2011 e 2021. Percebe-se que os recursos do Fundo de Saúde passam a ser cada vez mais apropriados por essas entidades de caráter privado, apresentando uma tendência de crescimento, alcançando um patamar de 89,2% do total dos recursos em 2021. Desse modo, constata-se o movimento de mercantilização implícita, marcado pela lógica de ampliação dos mecanismos de mercado no Sistema Único de Saúde municipal.

ABSTRACT The Health Fund of the municipality of São Paulo has been discussed, highlighting the appropriation of its resources by the private sector, especially by Social Organizations (OS). To this end, the first part presents the more general foundations of the Public Fund. The second part analyzes the historical trajectory of the Municipal Health Fund and the use of its resources, to a large extent, to finance primary care, via the Family Health Program executed by the OS. The third part presents the characteristics of the OS, analyzing the evolution of the appropriation of resources of the Health Fund between 2011 and 2021. It can be seen that the Health Fund resources are increasingly appropriated by these private entities, with a growing trend, reaching a level of 89.2% of total resources in 2021. Thus, the movement of implicit mercantilization is verified, marked by the logic of expansion of market mechanisms in the municipal Unified Health System.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Social distancing has led to lifestyle changes among older adults during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to estimate the prevalence risk of sarcopenia (RS) and investigate its associated factors during the COVID-19 pandemic in older Brazilian adults. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional observational analysis of baseline data as part of the Remobilize Study. METHODS: Participants in the study were older adults (≥ 60 years), excluding those who were bedridden or institutionalized. The data collected consisted of answers about the RS (SARC-F), functional status, walking, sedentary behavior (SB), pain, comorbidity, and life space mobility. RESULTS: A total of 1,482 older adults (70 ± 8.14 years, 74% women) participated in the study, and an RS prevalence of 17.1% was found. (95% confidence interval [CI] 15.25–19.15%). The adjusted multivariate model showed a significant association between RS and functional limitation (odds ratio [OR]: 19.05; CI 13.00–28.32), comorbidity (OR: 5.11; CI 3.44–7.81), pain (OR: 4.56; CI 3.33–6.28), total walking (OR: 0.99; CI 0.99–1.00), SB of 8–10 hours (OR: 1.85; CI 1.15–2.93), and SB of > 10 hours (OR: 3.93; CI 2.48–6.22). RS was associated with mobility during the pandemic (OR: 0.97; CI 0.96–0.98). P < 0.05. CONCLUSIONS: During the pandemic, the prevalence of RS in older Brazilians was estimated at 17.1%. Moderate to severe functional limitation, comorbidities, presence of pain, walking, longer SB period, and reduced life space mobility significantly contributed to RS in older adults during the pandemic. BACKGROUND 201 COVID19 COVID 19 (COVID-19 OBJECTIVES (RS COVID-1 SETTING Crosssectional Cross sectional Study METHODS ≥ ( 6 years , years) institutionalized SARCF, SARCF SARC F (SARC-F) status SB, (SB) RESULTS 1482 1 482 1,48 70 (7 814 8 14 8.1 74 women 171 17 17.1 found 95% 95 (95 [CI 15.25–19.15%. 15251915 15.25–19.15% . 15 25 15.25–19.15%) odds OR [OR] 19.05 1905 05 13.00–28.32, 13002832 13.00–28.32 13 00 28 32 13.00–28.32) (OR 5.11 511 5 11 3.44–7.81, 344781 3.44–7.81 3 44 7 81 3.44–7.81) 4.56 456 4 56 3.33–6.28, 333628 3.33–6.28 33 3.33–6.28) 0.99 099 0 99 0.99–1.00, 099100 0.99–1.00 0.99–1.00) 810 8–1 1.85 185 85 1.15–2.93, 115293 1.15–2.93 2 93 1.15–2.93) 3.93 393 2.48–6.22. 248622 2.48–6.22 48 22 2.48–6.22) 0.97 097 97 0.96–0.98. 096098 0.96–0.98 96 98 0.96–0.98) 005 0.05 CONCLUSIONS comorbidities period 20 COVID1 (COVID-1 COVID- (SARC-F (SB 148 1,4 8. 17. 9 (9 1525191 15.25–19.15 [OR 19.0 190 1300283 13.00–28.3 5.1 51 34478 3.44–7.8 4.5 45 33362 3.33–6.2 0.9 09 09910 0.99–1.0 8– 1.8 18 11529 1.15–2.9 3.9 39 24862 2.48–6.2 09609 0.96–0.9 0.0 (COVID- 1, 152519 15.25–19.1 19. 130028 13.00–28. 5. 3447 3.44–7. 4. 3336 3.33–6. 0. 0991 0.99–1. 1. 1152 1.15–2. 3. 2486 2.48–6. 0960 0.96–0. (COVID 15251 15.25–19. 13002 13.00–28 344 3.44–7 333 3.33–6 0.99–1 115 1.15–2 248 2.48–6 096 0.96–0 1525 15.25–19 1300 13.00–2 34 3.44– 3.33– 0.99– 1.15– 24 2.48– 0.96– 152 15.25–1 130 13.00– 3.44 3.33 1.15 2.48 0.96 15.25– 13.00 3.4 3.3 1.1 2.4 15.25 13.0 2. 15.2 13. 15.

RESUMO Vários estudos mostram a importância da avaliação quantitativa na patência nasal e do estado funcional das vias aéreas superiores para fornecer informações clínicas e diagnósticas em indivíduos respiradores orais, as quais são de grande interesse para a fonoaudiologia. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o efeito da irrigação de solução salina nasal nas vias aéreas superiores através da aeração nasal e rinomanometria anterior ativa em crianças respiradoras orais. Estudo de série de oito casos, realizado em crianças com idades entre 7 e 10 anos, com diagnóstico clínico otorrinolaringológico de respiração oral. O estudo consistiu em três etapas: avaliação inicial; intervenção e avaliação final. Foram aplicados os questionários do Índice de Identificação dos Sinais e Sintomas da Respiração Oral e qualidade de vida específica para doenças em pacientes pediátricos com queixas sinonasais. Realizaram-se as avaliações da aeração nasal e o exame da rinomanometria anterior ativa. A intervenção foi realizada por meio da irrigação de solução salina nasal com 10 ml. Em seguida, os pacientes foram reavaliados pela avaliação da aeração nasal e rinomanometria, para comparar os resultados. Em relação à avaliação da aeração nasal e rinomanometria, das 16 medidas comparativas entre pré e pós-irrigação nasal, constataram-se mudanças significativas na aeração nasal e na resistência nasal. A irrigação nasal resultou em melhora nas medidas da aeração nasal, enquanto para o fluxo nasal da rinomanometria, as medidas permaneceram inalteradas entre pré e pós-irrigação nasal. orais fonoaudiologia casos 1 anos oral etapas inicial final sinonasais Realizaramse Realizaram se ml seguida resultados pósirrigação pós constataramse constataram

ABSTRACT Several studies have shown the importance of quantitative assessment in nasal patency and functional status of the upper airways to provide clinical and diagnostic information in oral breather individuals, which are of great interest to speech therapy. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of nasal saline solution irrigation on the upper airways through nasal aeration and active anterior rhinomanometry in oral breathing children. This was an eight case series study, carried out in children aged 7 to 10 years with an otorhinolaryngological clinical diagnosis of mouth breathing. The study consisted of three stages: (I) initial evaluation; (II) intervention; and (III) final evaluation. The questionnaires of the Index for the Identification of Oral Breathing Signs and Symptoms and disease-specific quality of life in pediatric patients with sinonasal complaints were applied, nasal aeration assessments and the anterior active rhinomanometry exam were carried out. The intervention was performed by irrigating nasal saline solution with 10ml. Afterwards, they were re-evaluated by nasal aeration evaluation and rhinomanometry to compare the results. Regarding nasal aeration and rhinomanometry evaluation, from the 16 comparative measurements between pre and post nasal irrigation, we obtained significant changes in nasal aeration and nasal resistance. Nasal irrigation resulted in improvement in nasal aeration measurements while nasal flow measurements from rhinomanometry remained unchanged considering pre and post nasal irrigation. individuals therapy 1 stages I (I II (II III (III diseasespecific disease specific applied 10ml ml Afterwards reevaluated re evaluated results resistance

RESUMO Discute-se o Fundo de Saúde do município de São Paulo, destacando a apropriação dos seus recursos pelo setor privado, especialmente pelas Organizações Sociais (OS). Para tanto, a primeira parte apresenta os fundamentos mais gerais do Fundo Público. A segunda parte analisa a trajetória histórica do Fundo Municipal de Saúde e a utilização de seus recursos, em grande medida, para o financiamento da atenção básica, via Programa de Saúde da Família, executado pelas OS. A terceira apresenta as características das OS, analisando a evolução da apropriação dos recursos do Fundo de Saúde entre 2011 e 2021. Percebe-se que os recursos do Fundo de Saúde passam a ser cada vez mais apropriados por essas entidades de caráter privado, apresentando uma tendência de crescimento, alcançando um patamar de 89,2% do total dos recursos em 2021. Desse modo, constata-se o movimento de mercantilização implícita, marcado pela lógica de ampliação dos mecanismos de mercado no Sistema Único de Saúde municipal. Discutese Discute se Paulo privado OS . (OS) tanto Público medida básica Família 201 2021 Percebese Percebe crescimento 892 89 2 89,2 modo constatase constata implícita municipal (OS 20 202 8 89,

ABSTRACT The Health Fund of the municipality of São Paulo has been discussed, highlighting the appropriation of its resources by the private sector, especially by Social Organizations (OS). To this end, the first part presents the more general foundations of the Public Fund. The second part analyzes the historical trajectory of the Municipal Health Fund and the use of its resources, to a large extent, to finance primary care, via the Family Health Program executed by the OS. The third part presents the characteristics of the OS, analyzing the evolution of the appropriation of resources of the Health Fund between 2011 and 2021. It can be seen that the Health Fund resources are increasingly appropriated by these private entities, with a growing trend, reaching a level of 89.2% of total resources in 2021. Thus, the movement of implicit mercantilization is verified, marked by the logic of expansion of market mechanisms in the municipal Unified Health System. discussed sector OS . (OS) end extent care 201 2021 entities trend 892 89 2 89.2 Thus verified System (OS 20 202 8 89.

Abstract: We aim to carry out a reflection on the challenges faced for the materialization of social policy in Brazil. We base ourselves on the readings of Rui Mauro Marini and Florestan Fernandes in understanding the Brazilian socio-economic formation. In our results, we highlight that the dependent condition, with the presence of bourgeois autocracy, diminishes the maintenance of the super-exploitation of the work force, and in the debasement of social policy to the detriment of capitalist accumulation.

Resumo: Objetivamos realizar uma reflexão sobre os desafios enfrentados para a materialização da política social no Brasil. Embasamo-nos nas leituras de Rui Mauro Marini e Florestan Fernandes quanto ao entendimento da formação econômico-social brasileira. Em nossos resultados, destacamos que a condição dependente, com presença da autocracia burguesa, imprime a manutenção da superexploração da força de trabalho e o aviltamento das políticas sociais em detrimento da acumulação capitalista.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Social distancing has led to lifestyle changes among older adults during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to estimate the prevalence risk of sarcopenia (RS) and investigate its associated factors during the COVID-19 pandemic in older Brazilian adults. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional observational analysis of baseline data as part of the Remobilize Study. METHODS: Participants in the study were older adults (≥ 60 years), excluding those who were bedridden or institutionalized. The data collected consisted of answers about the RS (SARC-F), functional status, walking, sedentary behavior (SB), pain, comorbidity, and life space mobility. RESULTS: A total of 1,482 older adults (70 ± 8.14 years, 74% women) participated in the study, and an RS prevalence of 17.1% was found. (95% confidence interval [CI] 15.25–19.15%). The adjusted multivariate model showed a significant association between RS and functional limitation (odds ratio [OR]: 19.05; CI 13.00–28.32), comorbidity (OR: 5.11; CI 3.44–7.81), pain (OR: 4.56; CI 3.33–6.28), total walking (OR: 0.99; CI 0.99–1.00), SB of 8–10 hours (OR: 1.85; CI 1.15–2.93), and SB of > 10 hours (OR: 3.93; CI 2.48–6.22). RS was associated with mobility during the pandemic (OR: 0.97; CI 0.96–0.98). P < 0.05. CONCLUSIONS: During the pandemic, the prevalence of RS in older Brazilians was estimated at 17.1%. Moderate to severe functional limitation, comorbidities, presence of pain, walking, longer SB period, and reduced life space mobility significantly contributed to RS in older adults during the pandemic.

RESUMO Esse estudo objetivou investigar o efeito da manobra de limpeza e massagem nasal na permeabilidade da via aérea superior de crianças com respiração oral. Trata-se de um relato de caso no qual foram selecionadas oito crianças com idade entre 7 a 10 anos apresentando diagnóstico fonoaudiológico de respiração oral, com avaliação otorrinolaringológica e diagnóstico clínico de rinites. Realizou-se as avaliações da aeração nasal e permeabilidade nasal, utilizando o espelho milimetrado de Altmann e o Peak Nasal Inspiratory Flow (PNIF), respectivamente. Em seguida, executou-se as manobras de limpeza e massagem nasal com soro fisiológico. Ao término, utilizou-se novamente o espelho de Altmann e o PNIF para comparar os resultados. Os resultados obtidos pelas medianas na quantificação da aeração nasal total foram significantes. Os dados da mensuração das cavidades nasais unilateralmente indicaram aumento acentuado na aeração nasal em cada narina, tendo diferenças estatisticamente significante quando comparados com os valores antes e depois das manobras de limpeza e massagem nasal. Os valores obtidos pelas medianas no Fluxo Nasal Máximo Inspiratório Total foram significantes após a limpeza. Concluiu-se que houve aumento da aeração nasal no fluxo nasal máximo inspiratório após manobra de limpeza.

ABSTRACT This study aimed at investigating the effects of nasal cleansing and massage maneuvers on upper airway patency in mouth-breathing children. This is a case report on eight children, aged 7 to 10 years, with a speech-language-hearing diagnosis of mouth breathing and otorhinolaryngological assessment and clinical diagnosis of rhinitis. Nasal airflow and patency were respectively assessed with the Glatzel mirror and Peak Nasal Inspiratory Flow (PNIF). Then, they were submitted to nasal cleansing and massage maneuvers with a saline solution, followed by reassessment with the Glatzel mirror and PNIF to compare results. The medians of total nasal airflow quantification were significant. Data on unilateral nasal cavity measurement indicated a sharp increase in nasal airflow in each nostril, with statistically significant differences between before and after nasal cleansing and massage maneuvers. The medians of the total PNIF were significant after the cleansing. It is concluded that the nasal airflow increased in PNIF after the cleansing maneuver.

ABSTRACT We aimed to estimate genetic parameters for growth, reproductive, and carcass traits in Tabapuã cattle. Phenotypic data were collected between 1990 and 2019 in 1,218 farms, and the pedigree file had 340,868 animals. The traits evaluated were body weight at 120 (W120), 210 (W210), 365 (W365), and 550 (W550) days of age; age at first calving (AFC), scrotal circumference at 365 days of age (SC365), ribeye area (REA), backfat thickness (BF), and rump fat thickness (RF). The (co)variance components were estimated using the restricted maximum likelihood method, considering single and two-traits animal models. For all traits, the models considered fixed, direct additive genetic, and residual random effects. In addition, for W120 and W210, the maternal additive genetic and maternal permanent environmental effects were also included. Heritabilities for W120, W210, W365, W550, SC365, REA, BF, and RF were of moderate magnitude (0.15, 0.16, 0.23, 0.19, 0.22, 0.36, 0.31, and 0.27, respectively). Low heritability was observed for AFC (0.07). The genetic correlations between growth traits were higher than 0.90, while AFC and SC365 presented negative moderate correlation (−0.66). The REA showed low genetic correlations with BF (0.07) and RF (0.07), whereas BF and RF were highly correlated (0.77). Considering the heritability estimates, selection for AFC would result in limited genetic gain, while for the other traits, it would be satisfactory. Based on the high genetic correlations between growth traits, selection of Tabapuã animals can be performed at younger ages. Additionally, animals can be indirectly selected for AFC through SC365, and only one fat thickness trait may be used in the selection process considering the high genetic correlation and similar heritability values for BF and RF.

BACKGROUND Serological evidence of West Nile virus (WNV) infection has been reported in different regions of Brazil from equine and human hosts but the virus had never been isolated in the country. OBJECTIVES We sought to identify the viral etiology of equine encephalitis in Espírito Santo state. METHODS We performed viral culture in C6/36 cells, molecular detection of WNV genome, histopathology and immunohistochemistry from horse cerebral tissue. We also carried out sequencing, phylogenetic analysis and molecular clock. FINDINGS Histopathologic analysis from horse cerebral tissue showed injury related to encephalitis and WNV infection was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. The virus was detected by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) from brain tissue and subsequently isolated in C6/36 cells. WNV full-length genome was sequenced showing the isolated strain belongs to lineage 1a. The molecular clock indicated that Brazilian WNV strain share the same common ancestor that were circulating in US during 2002-2005. MAIN CONCLUSIONS Here we report the first isolation of WNV in Brazil from a horse with neurologic disease, which was clustered into lineage 1a with others US WNV strains isolated in beginning of 2000’s decade.

RESUMO Objetivo: quantificar a pressão de língua em crianças com respiração oral e descrever as suas manifestações clínicas respiratórias, comparando-as à avaliação objetiva. Métodos: o estudo foi realizado com 60 crianças de 04 a 09 anos de idades atendidas nos ambulatórios do Hospital das Clínicas da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, distribuídas em dois grupos, com e sem respiração oral. A coleta constou do levantamento das manifestações clínicas respiratórias, da aplicação do protocolo sobre o modo respiratório e da avaliação da pressão de língua utilizando o Iowa Oral Performance Instrument (IOPI). Resultados: observou-se predominância do sexo masculino e correlação entre o diagnóstico clínico de rinite alérgica e/ou obstrução nasal com o diagnóstico clínico de Respiração oral. Houve diferença estatisticamente significante entre os grupos para posição habitual dos lábios entreabertos, boca aberta, flacidez dos músculos da expressão facial, narinas estreitas, lábio superior encurtado e inferior evertido. As médias das pressões de língua em crianças com respiração oral e nasal apresentaram médias de 38,27 Kpa e 53,73 Kpa, respectivamente. Conclusão: foi verificada diminuição da pressão de língua em crianças com respiração oral, corroborando com o que é referido na literatura. Houve concordância entre os resultados das características clínicas respiratórias com a avaliação objetiva.

ABSTRACT Objective: to quantify tongue pressure in children with oral breathing and to describe their respiratory clinical manifestations, comparing them to the objective evaluation Methods: the study was performed with 60 children, four to nine years old, treated at the outpatient clinics of the Pernambuco Clinical Hospital, Federal University of Pernambuco, distributed into two groups, with and without oral breathing. The collection consisted of a survey of respiratory clinical manifestations, application of the protocol on respiratory mode and assessment of tongue pressure, using the Iowa Oral Performance Instrument (IOPI). Results: male predominance and correlation between diagnosis of allergic rhinitis and/or nasal obstruction and the clinical diagnosis of oral breathing were observed. There was a statistically significant difference between the groups for usual position of open lips, open mouth, sagging facial expression muscles, narrow nostrils, shortened upper and everted lower lip. The mean tongue pressure in children with oral and nasal breathing presented a mean of 38.27 Kpa and 53.73 Kpa, respectively. Conclusion: tongue pressure decreased in children with oral breathing, corroborating that which is reported in the literature. There was agreement between the results of respiratory clinical characteristics and the objective evaluation.

Resumo: Neste artigo são apresentados os resultados obtidos a partir de uma sequência de atividades didáticas que envolveram o uso de estratégias de leitura e Textos de Divulgação Científica em aulas de Física da 2ª série do Ensino Médio. A sequência de atividades com Textos de Divulgação Científica teve o intuito de investigar os indícios de evolução dos alunos com relação à leitura e à argumentação. Constatou-se que o uso sistemático e recorrente dos Textos de Divulgação Científica nas aulas propiciou o desenvolvimento das habilidades relacionadas às expressões oral e escrita dos alunos. Ainda, percebeu-se que as tarefas propostas nas etapas de pré/durante/pós-leitura, para trabalhar os distintos textos, mostraram-se fundamentais para: promover a articulação entre o texto e o conteúdo de Física; envolver os alunos durante os processos de leitura e discussão do texto; avaliar o que os alunos sabiam antes e o que aprenderam depois de perpassar por cada etapa de leitura.

Abstract: This paper presents results from a sequence of educational activities that involve the use of reading strategies and popular science texts in physics classes of the 2nd year of High School. The activities sequence with popular science texts aiming to investigate the effect on the students' progress regarding to reading and argumentation. It was found that the systematic and repeated use of popular science texts in classes led to the development of skills related to oral and written expression of the students. It was also noticed that the proposed tasks of pre/during/post-reading stages were fundamental to promote the relationship between the text and the physics content. These tasks help to engage students during the process of reading and text discussion, as well as to evaluate what the students knew before and what they learned after the reading step.

BACKGROUND Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a worldwide public health problem. A characterisation of the differences in exposure sources among genders will enable improvements in surveillance actions. METHODS Exposure data were obtained for 1180 confirmed HCV cases Brazil’s mandatory reporting to epidemiological surveillance, which was directed by a reference laboratory in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The Chi-square test (χ2) was used to assess the associations between exposure sources and gender. The prevalence ratio (PR) was calculated for exposures that showed an association. RESULTS The results showed 57.7% cases were female, and associations with snorting drugs, sexual activity, surgery, aesthetic procedures, blood transfusions, and educational level were observed (p < 0.001). Men showed 2.53 (1.33-3.57), 4.83 (3.54-6.59), and 2.18 (1.33-3.57) times more exposure to sniffing drugs, risky sex and higher levels of education, respectively, than women. Women demonstrated 4.46 (3.21-6.21), 1.94 (1.43-2.63), and 3.10 (2.09-4.61) times more exposure to surgery, aesthetic procedures, and blood transfusions, respectively, than men. CONCLUSION Our results showed differences in risk behaviours associated with gender among HCV carriers. These data are likely to significantly influence clinical practice regarding the adoption of specific approaches for counselling and control policies to prevent the emergence of new cases and break the chain of transmission of the virus.

Neste artigo, são analisadas as leituras de Textos de Divulgação Científica (TDC) feitas por licenciandas nas disciplinas de Estágio Supervisionado em Ensino de Física II e III. Os registros orais e escritos produzidos durante as atividades com TDC associados às estratégias de leitura, foram analisados à luz dos referenciais teóricos da Análise do Discurso de linha francesa e da área de Educação em Ciências. Constatou-se que, nos estágios de regência, foram valorizadas as leituras polissêmicas, sendo o texto-pretexto o modo de leitura exercitado nas aulas e o discurso apropriado pelas licenciandas tendeu ao polêmico. Além disso, nas pré-regências, a função atribuída aos TDC se restringiu ao uso do texto para ensinar Física. Nas regências, as atividades com TDC tiveram as funções de promover o desenvolvimento de habilidades relacionadas às expressões oral e escrita dos alunos, à articulação entre o conteúdo de Física e o cotidiano do aluno e despertar atitudes nos alunos. Por fim, infere-se que a proposta do uso de TDC, associado a estratégias de leitura em aulas de Física, é um caminho possível para a valorização das leituras polissêmicas, além de favorecer a formação dos sujeitos-leitores no contexto da formação inicial de professores e na escola.

This article analyzes the readings of Popular Science Texts (TDC) done by undergraduates in the disciplines of supervised internship in Physics Teaching II and III. Oral and written records produced during activities with TDC associated with reading strategies were analyzed according to the theoretical frameworks of the analysis of the French Discourse and Education area science. It was observed that polysemic readings were valued in the teaching stages, in which the text-pretext reading strategy was predominant in classes and the discourse used by the students tended to be controversial. Moreover, in the pre-teaching, the TDC function was restricted to the use of texts in order to teach physics. There was an improvement in classes since TDC included the development of oral expression and written skills on the part of students; the articulation between physics contents and learners' daily life; the awakening of interest and motivation due to curiosity on the part of students. Finally, it is inferred that employing TDCs associated to reading strategies in physics classes point to a possible way for the advancement of polysemic readings, besides encouraging the formation of subject-readers within the context of teachers' training and school.