ABSTRACT. Chickpea is a legume with nutrient-rich grains important for human feeding. Tobacco budworm, Chloridea virescens (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), is one of the most major pests of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) in Brazil. This pest damages leaves, flowers, pods, and grains. Plant resistance to insects is an important tactic of pest management, which usually facilitates and reduce costs of implementing an Integrated Pest Management for farmers. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the resistance in chickpea cultivars to C. virescens. Six chickpea cultivars were evaluated for antixenosis, initial antibiotic parameters, and behavior under field conditions. The cultivars BRS Kalifa and BRS Cícero were less attractive in a free-choice test, while Jamu 96 and BRS Kalifa were less attractive in a no-choice test. BRS Kalifa and BRS Toro leaves had a higher trichome density. Jamu 96 and BRS Toro had higher contents of oxalic and malic acids. C. virescens larvae in BRS Cícero, BRS Toro, and BRS Kalifa showed the lowest weights. Jamu 96 pods were the least damaged, and BRS Aleppo and Jamu 96 had the highest yields. The chickpea cultivars Jamu 96 and BRS Aleppo, which had resistance levels and mechanisms, can be used in integrated pest management programs to control C. virescens.

BACKGROUND Non-human primates contribute to the spread of the yellow fever virus (YFV) and the establishment of transmission cycles in endemic areas. OBJECTIVE To describe the severe histopathological aspects of YFV infection, 10 squirrel monkeys were infected with YFV and blood, brain, liver, kidney, spleen, heart, lung, lymph node and stomach were collected at 1-7, 10, 20 and 30 days post-infection (dpi). METHODS Histopathological analysis and detection of the genome and viral antigens and neutralising antibodies were performed by RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and neutralisation test, respectively. FINDINGS Only one animal died from the experimental infection. The genome and viral antigens were detected in all investigated organs (1-30 dpi) and the neutralising antibodies from seven to 30 dpi. The brain contained perivascular haemorrhage (6 dpi); in the liver, midzonal haemorrhage and lytic necrosis (6 dpi) were observed. The kidney had bleeding in the Bowman’s capsule and tubular necrosis (6 dpi). Pyknotic lymphocytes were observed in the spleen (1-20 dpi), the lung had haemorrhage (2-6 dpi), in the endocardium it contained nuclear pyknosis and necrosis (2-3 dpi) and the stomach contained blood in the lumen (6 dpi). MAIN FINDINGS Squirrel monkeys reliably reproduced the responses observed in human cases of yellow fever and, therefore, constitute an excellent experimental model for studies on the pathophysiology of the disease.

Resumo Introdução: Na última década, a inclusão de indicadores de funcionalidade na atenção à saúde tem sido discutida na agenda internacional. As estratégias relacionadas à implementação de indicadores de funcionalidade são uma questão que envolve educação, gestão e assistência à saúde. Objetivo: Este ensaio teórico tem como objetivo discutir o potencial da Classificação Internacional de Funcionalidade, Incapacidade e Saúde (CIF) como ferramenta útil na produção de informação para os serviços de saúde. Método: Utilizamos como pressupostos teóricos o modelo universal, a CIF. Nosso pressuposto baseia-se no modelo biopsicossocial do binômio saúde-doença. Resultados: Indicadores de funcionalidade podem medir o real impacto das condições de saúde em diferentes domínios da vida. A partir das reflexões realizadas e alicerces teóricos acessados, percebe-se que a implementação de indicadores de funcionalidade nos inquéritos populacionais periódicos em saúde e protocolos de registro para informação clínica, independentemente do nível de serviço de saúde, seria de grande interesse. Vale ressaltar que o grupo de indicadores de funcionalidade deve ser proposto em uma linguagem universal e, portanto, a CIF representa o modelo mais abrangente. Conclusão: O indicador de funcionalidade pode ser útil para o gerenciamento da saúde. As informações sobre funcionalidade são essenciais para melhorar o planejamento e a qualidade dos serviços de saúde e podem ser usadas no planejamento e monitoramento dos cuidados de saúde; podem ser coletadas em pesquisas de saúde da população por ferramentas específicas; e poderiam ser produzidas usando a CIF como uma estrutura na coleta diária de informações sobre saúde.

Abstract Introduction: In the last decade, the inclusion of a functioning indicator in health care has been discussed on the international agenda. The strategies related to the implementation of these indicators are issues that involve health education, governance, and medical records. Objective: study aims to discuss the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) potential as a useful tool to produce information on health care services. Method: As theoretical assumptions, the universal model of the ICF based on the biopsychosocial model was used. Results: When used as a health indicator, functioning data can measure the real effect of some health conditions in different life domains. Based on the reflections carried out and theoretical foundations accessed, the study shows that the implementation of functioning indicators in periodical population health surveys and protocols of clinical documentation regardless the level of health service would be relevant for Patient Care Planning. Note that the group of functioning indicators should be proposed in a universal language and, therefore, ICF represents the most comprehensive model. Conclusion: Information regarding health status can be useful to enable health care management. Furthermore, ICF are essential to improve the documentation service of the health system and also can be used in planning and monitoring health care. It can also be used to collect disability data in surveys ensuring comparison among different surveys.

Resumen Introducción: En la última década, la inclusión de indicadores de funcionamiento en la atención de salud se ha discutido en la agenda internacional. Las estrategias relacionadas con la implementación de los indicadores de funcionamiento son un tema que involucra educación, gestión y atención médica. Objetivo: Este ensayo teórico tiene como objetivo discutir el potencial de Clasificación Internacional del Funcionamiento, de la Discapacidad y de la Salud (CIF) como una herramienta útil para producir información en los servicios de atención médica. Método: Utilizamos como suposiciones teóricas el modelo universal de la CIF con base en el modelo biopsicosocial del binomio salud-enfermedad. Resultados: Los indicadores de funcionamiento pueden medir el impacto real de las condiciones de salud en diferentes dominios de la vida. Con base en las reflexiones realizadas y los fundamentos teóricos, se observa que sería esencial la implementación de indicadores de funcionamiento en las encuestas periódicas de salud de la población y en los protocolos de registro para la información clínica, independiente del nivel del servicio de salud. Vale la pena mencionar que el grupo de indicadores de funcionamiento debe proponerse en un lenguaje universal y, por lo tanto, CIF representa el modelo más completo. Conclusión: El indicador de funcionamiento puede ser útil para la gestión de la salud. Las informaciones sobre funcionamiento son esenciales para mejorar la planificación y la calidad de los servicios de salud y se puede utilizarlas para planificar y monitorear los cuidados en salud; y se puede recopilarlas en encuestas de salud de la población mediante herramientas específicas; y podría recopilarse utilizando la CIF como herramienta en la recopilación diaria de información sobre salud.

Abstract Introduction Cervical vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (cVEMPs) are biphasic, short latency potentials, which represent the inhibition of the contraction of the sternocleidomastoid muscle (SCM) mediated by the saccule, the inferior vestibular nerve, the vestibular nuclei and the medial vestibular spinal tract. Objective To evaluate the response of cVEMPs in individuals with profound prelingual bilateral cochlear hearing loss. Methods A prospective case-control study. A total of 64 volunteers, divided into a study group (31 patients with profound prelingual sensorineural hearing loss) and a control group (33 subjectsmatched for age and gender with psychoacoustic thresholds of ≤ 25 dB HL between 500 and 8,000 Hz) were submitted to the cVEMP exam. The causes of hearing loss were grouped by etiology and the involved period. Results The subjects of the study group aremore likely to present changes in cVEMPs compared to the control group (35.5% versus 6.1% respectively; p = 0.003), with an odds ratio (OR) of 8.52 (p = 0.009). Itmeans that they had 8.52-fold higher propensity of presenting altered cVEMP results. There were no statistically significant differences between the latencies, the interamplitude and the asymmetry index. Regarding the etiology, there was a statistically significant difference when the cause was infectious, with an OR of 15.50 (p = 0.005), and when the impairment occurred in the prenatal period, with an OR of 9.86 (p = 0.009). Conclusion The present study showed abnormalities in the sacculocolic pathway in a considerable portion of individuals with profound prelingual sensorineural hearing loss due to infectious and congenital causes, as revealed by the cVEMP results.

FUNDAMENTO: A Insuficiência Cardíaca (IC) é uma síndrome complexa, marcada pela intolerância ao esforço e perda da capacidade funcional. OBJETIVO: Avaliar a capacidade funcional dos pacientes com IC suplementados com creatina. MÉTODOS: Estudo prospectivo, randomizado, duplo cego. Foram randomizados em dois grupos 33 pacientes com IC, com idade > 18 anos, sexo masculino, classes funcionais II a IV. O grupo experimental (G CRE, n = 17) foi suplementado com creatina com dose de 5 g por dia durante seis meses. E o grupo placebo (G PLA, n = 16) recebeu 5 g de maltodextrina por dia durante o mesmo período de tempo. Ambos os grupos foram submetidos a avaliação da capacidade funcional por meio da ergoespirometria e teste de caminhada de seis minutos (TC6) pré e pós-intervenção. O modelo estatístico Ancova e a correlação de Pearson foram utilizados na análise dos grupos e nas formas de tratamento. RESULTADOS: Das variáveis avaliadas na ergoespirometria, o volume de oxigênio pico (VO2 pico), limiar anaeróbio (LA) e o pulso de oxigênio (pulso de O2) não apresentaram diferenças significativas entre os grupos (P>0,05). No TC6 não houve diferença significativa na distância percorrida. CONCLUSÃO: A suplementação de creatina em pacientes com IC não promoveu melhora significativa na capacidade funcional.

BACKGROUND: Heart failure (HF) is a complex syndrome characterized by intolerance to exertion and reduced functional capacity. OBJECTIVE: To assess the functional capacity of patients with HF and supplemented with creatine. METHODS: Prospective, randomized, double-blind study. Thirty-three male patients over the age of 18 years with functional class II to IV HF were randomized into two groups as follows: the experimental group (CRE, n = 17), supplemented with 5 g/day of creatine for six months; and the placebo group (PLA, n = 16), receiving 5 g/day of maltodextrin for that same period. Both groups underwent functional capacity assessment by use of cardiopulmonary exercise test and 6-minute walk test (6MWT) before and after the intervention. The Ancova statistical model and Pearson correlation were used to assess the groups and the treatment. RESULTS: Of the variables assessed on the cardiopulmonary exercise test, peak oxygen consumption (peak VO2), anaerobic threshold (AT), and oxygen pulse (O2 pulse) showed no significant differences between the groups (P>0.05). On the 6MWT, no significant difference was observed in the covered distance. CONCLUSION: Creatine supplementation in patients with HF did not significantly improve functional capacity.