Abstract The objective of this study was to observe patients’ satisfaction with their in-service direct anterior dental restorations and to compare it with clinical evaluation using FDI (Federation Dental International) criteria. Patients scored their own anterior dental restorations regarding satisfaction (satisfactory /dissatisfactory). If dissatisfaction was mentioned, then, they would be interviewed about the complaint. In the same session, the dental restorations were clinically evaluated by two dentists using FDI criteria (1-5 score) concerning esthetic, functional, and biological domains. Descriptive statistics were used for frequencies of scores attributed by patients and clinicians. In order to compare patients’ to clinicians’ frequencies, the Chi-square test was applied (p ≤ 0.05). A total of 106 restorations were evaluated by patients and clinicians. Patients reported 52.8% of restorations satisfactory and 47.8% dissatisfactory. Overall, clinicians reported the same restorations as 82,3% satisfactory and 17,6% dissatisfactory. Patients’ most frequent complaints referred to color, followed by anatomical form, fracture of material and retention, and approximal anatomical form. Comparing patients’ satisfaction and dissatisfaction rates to clinicians’ evaluation per criteria, there was no difference regarding esthetics. The frequency of dissatisfactory restorations by clinicians was significantly lower when functional and biological properties were compared with patients’ opinions. Direct anterior dental restorations were more frequently reported as satisfactory by patients and clinicians, being the main complaints related to esthetic issues. When clinicians and patients’ evaluations were compared, it was observed that the frequencies of satisfactory restoration by patients and clinicians were similar regarding esthetic properties, and significantly different regarding functional and biological properties.

Resumo O objetivo deste estudo foi observar a satisfação dos pacientes com suas restaurações dentárias anteriores diretas e compará-las com a avaliação clínica do dentista usando os critérios FDI (Federation Dental International). Os pacientes pontuaram suas restaurações dentárias (n=106) anteriores em relação à satisfação (satisfatória / insatisfatória). Quando insatisfatória, ele foi entrevistado sobre a queixa. Na mesma sessão, as restaurações dentárias foram avaliadas clinicamente por dois dentistas utilizando os critérios FDI (escore 1-5) quanto aos aspectos estéticos, funcionais e biológicos. Estatística descritiva foi usada para frequências de escores atribuídos por pacientes e clínicos. Para comparar as frequências dos pacientes e dos clínicos, foi aplicado o teste Qui-quadrado (p ≤ 0,05). Os pacientes relataram suas restaurações como 52,8% satisfatórias e 47,8% insatisfatórias. Os clínicos reportaram as mesmas restaurações, 82,3% satisfatória e 17,6% insatisfatória. As queixas mais frequentes dos pacientes referiam-se à cor, seguida da forma anatômica, fratura e retenção do material e forma anatômica proximal. Comparando os índices de satisfação e insatisfação dos pacientes com os clínicos, não houve diferença em relação à estética. A frequência de restaurações insatisfatórias por dentistas foi significativamente menor quando as propriedades funcionais e biológicas foram comparadas com as opiniões dos pacientes. As restaurações foram mais frequentemente relatadas como satisfatórias pelos pacientes, sendo as principais queixas relacionadas a questões estéticas. Quando as avaliações dos clínicos e dos pacientes foram comparadas, observou-se que as frequências de restaurações satisfatórias por pacientes e clínicos foram semelhantes em relação às propriedades estéticas e significativamente diferentes em relação às propriedades funcionais e biológicas.

Aim To evaluate the influence of the biomodification of erosive lesions with a chitosan nanoformulation containing green tea (NanoCsQ) on the clinical performance of a composite resin. Methods The study was performed in a split-mouth, randomized and double-blinded model with 20 patients with 40 erosive lesions. The patient’s teeth were randomized into two groups (n=20) according to the surface treatment: 1) Without biomodification (control), and 2) Biomodification with NanoCsQ solution (experimental). The lesions were restored with adhesive (Tetric N-bond, Ivoclar) and composite resin (IPS Empress Direct, Ivoclar). The restorations were polished and 7 days (baseline), 6 months, and 12 months later were evaluated according to the United States Public Health Service (USPHS) modified criteria, using clinical exam and photographics. Data were analyzed by Friedman’s and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests. Results No significant differences were found between the control and experimental groups (p=0.423), and also among the follow-up periods (baseline, six months, and 12 months) (p=0.50). Regarding the retention criteria, 90% of the restoration had an alpha score in the control group. Only 10% of the restorations without biomodification (control) had a score charlie at the 12-month follow-up. None of the patients reported post-operatory sensitivity. Conclusion The NanoCsQ solution did not negatively affect the performance of the composite resin restorations after 12 months.

Abstract Degradation of the dentin-resin interface can occur due to hydrolysis of exposed collagen, resulting in reduced bond strength. This study assessed the effect of dentin treatment with chitosan combined with an etch-and-rinse or self-etch adhesive system on improvement of bond strength and preservation of the interface durability. Methodology Enamel was removed from 80 molars and the teeth were divided into two groups: without chitosan (control) or with 2.5% chitosan gel (1 min). They were further subdivided into two subgroups according to the adhesive system: etch-and-rinse or self-etch. Dentin was restored using a composite resin. Half of the specimens from each restored group were subjected to interface aging and the remaining specimens were used for immediate analysis. The specimens were sectioned and subjected to microtensile bond strength (µTBS) test (n=10), chemical composition testing using Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy (n=4) and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) (n=5), and morphological analysis of the adhesive interface using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) (n=5). Data were analyzed using three-way ANOVA. Results Chitosan improved the µTBS of the adhesive interface when compared with the control group (p=0.004). No significant differences were observed in dentin adhesion between the adhesive systems (p=0.652). Immediate µTBS was not significantly different from that after 6 months (p=0.274). EDS and SEM did not show significant differences in the chemical and structural composition of the specimens. FTIR showed a decrease in the intensity of phosphate and carbonate bands after using chitosan. Conclusions Dentin treatment with chitosan combined with an etch-and-rinse or self-etch adhesive system improved the immediate and preserved the 6-month bond strength of the adhesive interface.

Abstract Literature has reported positive results regarding the use of lasers in the control of erosive lesions; however, evaluating whether they are effective in the control of the progression of erosive/abrasive lesions is important. Objectives This study aimed to evaluate the effect of the Er:YAG laser irradiation in controlling the progression of erosion associated with abrasive lesions in enamel. Material and methods Bovine incisors were sectioned, flattened and polished. Forty-eight enamel slabs were subjected to treatment in an intraoral phase. Twelve volunteers used an intraoral appliance containing one slab that was irradiated with an Er:YAG laser (5.2 J/cm2, 85 mJ, 2 Hz) and another non-irradiated slab on each side of the appliance, during one phase of 5 d, under a split-mouth design. Devices were subjected to erosive challenges (1% citric acid, 5 min, 3 times a day) and abrasive challenges one h after (brushing force of 1.5 N for 15 s) randomly and independently on each side of the device. Measurements of enamel loss were performed via 3D optical profilometry (μm). We analyzed data using the Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney tests and morphological characteristics via scanning electron microscopy. Results Following erosive and abrasive challenges, the group that was irradiated with the Er:YAG laser presented less loss of structure than the non-irradiated group. The group that underwent erosion and irradiation did not exhibit a significant difference from the non-irradiated group. Conclusion Irradiation with the Er:YAG laser did not control the loss of structure of enamel subjected to erosion but did control abrasion after erosion.

Resumo Este estudo avaliou o efeito de uma vitrocerâmica bioativa para o controle de lesões de erosão e cárie. Fragmentos (n=10) de esmalte bovino e dentina radicular receberam aplicação diária de diferentes tratamentos (Biosilicato; Fluoreto de Fosfato Acidulado - APF; não tratado - controle) durante a realização de ciclos erosivos. As superfícies foram analisadas com profilometria óptica 3D para quantificar a perda superficial em quatro períodos (1, 7, 14 e 21 dias), bem como a profundidade da lesão com microscopia confocal de varredura a laser. Para a avaliação da progressão de cárie, foi obtida a microdureza Knoop inicial de fragmentos de esmalte bovino. As lesões cariosas iniciais foram desenvolvidas e os espécimes foram divididos em três grupos (n =10), de acordo com a aplicação tópica diária (Biosilicato; APF; sem aplicação - controle) durante os ciclos de desmineralização por 14 dias. A microdureza final foi obtida para calcular a perda da microdureza superficial. A desmineralização sub-superficial foi analisada utilizando microdureza transversal (profundidades 10, 30, 50, 70, 90, 110 e 220 μm). Os dados foram testados utilizando ANOVA e teste de Tukey (α=5%). Os resultados da avaliação erosiva mostraram que o Biosilicato promoveu os menores valores (p <0,05) de perda superficial, independente do tempo, tanto para o esmalte como para a dentina; APF promoveu menor (p <0,05) perda de superfície do que controle; analisando os períodos de tempo, APF não mostrou diferença (p>0,05) entre 14 e 21 dias de desmineralização. Os resultados da avaliação da cárie no esmalte mostraram que o Biosilicato resultou em maiores (p<0,05) valores de microdureza superficial e subsuperficial do que as aplicações APF e controle. Pode-se concluir que a aplicação de Biosilicato apresentou maior potencial de redução da perda superficial e desenvolvimento de lesões de erosão e cárie.

Abstract This study evaluated the effect of a bioactive glass ceramic for the control of erosion and caries lesions. Fragments (n=10) of bovine enamel and root dentin received daily application of different treatments (Biosilicate; Acidulated Phosphate Fluoride- APF; Untreated - control) during the performance of erosive cycles. Surfaces were analyzed with 3D optical profilometry to quantify the superficial loss in four periods (1, 7, 14 and 21 days), as well as the lesion depth with confocal laser scanning microscopy. For caries progression assessment, initial Knoop microhardness was measured on enamel bovine fragments. Initial carious lesions were developed and specimens were divided into three groups (n=10), according to the daily topical application (Biosilicate; APF; no application - control), during the de-remineralization cycles for 14 days. Final microhardness was obtained to calculate the change of surface microhardness. Subsurface demineralization was analyzed using cross-sectional microhardness (depths 10, 30, 50, 70, 90, 110 and 220 µm). Data were tested using ANOVA and Tukey’s test (a=5%). Results of erosive evaluation showed that Biosilicate promoted the lowest (p<0.05) values of surface loss, regardless of time, for both enamel and dentin; APF promoted lower (p<0.05) surface loss than control; analyzing different periods of time, APF did not show difference (p>0.05) between 14 and 21 days of demineralization. Results of enamel caries assessment showed that Biosilicate resulted in higher (p<0.05) surface and subsurface microhardness than both APF and control-applications. It may be concluded that Biosilicate application showed a higher potential to reduce surface loss and development of erosion and caries lesions.

Resumo Este estudo avaliou o efeito dos inibidores de metaloproteinase, clorexidina 2% e fluoreto de sódio (5000 ppm), na resistência de união entre a dentina irradiada por laser Er:YAG e a resina composta após a degradação química da interface de união. A superfície oclusal de quarenta molares humanos hígidos (n=10) foi removida expondo uma superfície de dentina, que foi polida, irradiada com laser Er:YAG, condicionada com ácido e seca. Vinte espécimes foram re-umedecidos com clorexidina 2% (Grupo controle) e 20 com fluoreto de sódio (5000 ppm). O sistema adesivo foi aplicado e um platô de resina composta fotopolimerizável de 4 mm de altura foi construído. Palitos de resina-dentina foram obtidos com secção transversal retangular (0,8-1 mm2). Eles foram armazenados em água (24 h a 37 ?#61616;C) ou submetidos a degradação química. Para a degradação química, foram imersos em solução aquosa de hipoclorito de sódio a 10% durante 5 horas e lavados em água durante 1 h. Os palitos foram submetidos ao teste de microtração em uma máquina de ensaios mecânicos a 0,5 mm/min até a fratura. O padrão de fratura foi analisado em MEV. Os valores de resistência de união foram calculados em MPa e submetidos à análise de variância ANOVA (α=0,05). A análise de variância mostrou que os fatores inibidor de metaloproteinases e degradação (p=0,214 e p=0,093, respectivamente), e a interação entre os fatores não foram estatisticamente significantes (p=0,143). A predominância de falha mista foi detectada para todos os grupos. Em conclusão, a clorexidina a 2% e fluoreto de sódio (ppm 5000) apresentaram resistência de união entre dentina irradiada e resina composta semelhante antes e após a degradação química.

Abstract This study evaluated the effect of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) inhibitors - 2% (CHX) and sodium fluoride (NaF) (5000 ppm) - on microtensile bond strength (μTBS) of composite resin to Er:YAG laser-irradiated dentin after chemical degradation of the bond interface. The occlusal surface of forty sound human molars was removed exposing the dentin surface (n=10), which was polished, irradiated with Er:YAG laser, acid etched and dried. Twenty specimens were rewetted with 2% CHX (control group) and 20 were rewetted with NaF (5000 ppm). The adhesive system was applied and a 4-mm-high plateau of light-cured composite resin was built up. Resin-dentin sticks were obtained with a rectangular cross-sectional area (0.8-1 mm2) and were either stored in water at 37 ?#61616;C for 24 h or submitted to chemical degradation. For chemical degradation, they were immersed in 10% NaOCl aqueous solution for 5 h and rinsed in water for 1 h. The sticks were submitted to microtensile test in a mechanical testing machine at 0.5 mm/min until failure. Fracture pattern was analyzed using SEM. μTBS values were calculated in MPa and submitted to analysis of variance ANOVA (α=0.05). The variance analysis showed that the 'MMP inhibitor' and 'degradation' factors (p=0.214 and p=0.093, respectively) and interaction between the factors were not statistically significant (p=0.143). Mixed failure predominated in all groups. In conclusion, the 2% CHX and NaF 5000 ppm presented similar μTBS of composite resin to laser-irradiated dentin before and after chemical degradation

Resumo Esse estudo avaliou o feito combinado do verniz fluoretado ao laser de Er:YAG na permeabilidade da dentina radicular erodida. Fragmentos de dentina radicular bovina, foram submetidos a um desafio erosivo inicial com ácido cítrico, que foi seguido por um período de remineralização. Posteriormente, os espécimes foram divididos em relação aos tratamentos: verniz (fluoretado e não fluoretado) e subdivididos de acordo com a irradiação: laser de Er:YAG (100 mJ, 3 Hz, 12.8 J/cm2 por pulso, sem contato e modo não focado) e não irradiado. Após um período de lead in, 7 voluntários utilizaram um dispositivo palatino contendo 4 espécimes que foram submetidos a desafios erosivos. Na primeira fase do experimento, 4 voluntários utilizaram dispositivos com fragmentos tratados com verniz fluoretado e verniz fluoretado+laser de Er:YAG e 3 voluntários utilizaram espécimes tratados com verniz não fluoretado e verniz não fluoretado+laser de Er:YAG. Depois de um período de wash-out, os voluntários foram cruzados em relação aos tratamentos, caracterizando um experimento cross-over 2x2. Ao final de cada fase experimental, a variável resposta quantitativa foi obtida através da análise de permeabilidade e a qualitativa por microscopia eletrônica de varredura (MEV). A ANOVA dois critérios e teste de Tukey-Kramer revelou que as amostras tratadas com verniz fluoretado+laser de Er:YAG mostraram menor permeabilidade e uma diferença significativa foi encontrada entre este grupo, quando comparado aos demais grupos. Quando o verniz (fluoretado/não fluoretado) foram aplicados na ausência do laser de Er:YAG maiores valores de permeabilidade foram encontrados quando comparados com os grupos irradiados com o laser. A MEV demostrou túbulos dentinários parcialmente ou completamente ocluídos quando as amostras foram tratadas com verniz fluoretado+laser de Er: YAG. Pode-se concluir que o laser de Er:YAG foi capaz de controlar a permeabilidade da dentina radicular erodida e essa ação é aumentada quando o laser está associado ao verniz fluoretado.

This study evaluated the combined effect of fluoride varnish and Er:YAG laser on the permeability of eroded bovine root dentin. After initial erosive challenge followed by a remineralization period, the specimens were divided in two groups according to the treatment - fluoride varnish and non-fluoride varnish - and were subdivided according to the irradiation protocol: Er:YAG laser (100 mJ, 3 Hz, 12.8 J/cm2per pulse, non-contact and defocus mode) and non-irradiated. After a lead-in period, 7 volunteers wore a palatal device containing 4 specimens that were subjected to erosive challenges. At the first experimental phase, 4 volunteers used specimens treated with fluoride varnish and fluoride varnish+Er:YAG laser and 3 volunteers used specimens treated with non-fluoride varnish and non-fluoride varnish+Er:YAG laser. After a washout period, volunteers were crossed to treatments, characterizing a 2x2 crossover experiment. At the end of the experimental phase, the quantitative response variable was obtained by permeability analysis and the qualitative response by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Two-way ANOVA and Tukey-Kramer's test revealed that specimens treated with fluoride varnish+Er:YAG laser showed the lowest permeability and a significant difference was found between this group and the others. When varnish (fluoride/non-fluoride) was applied in the absence of Er:YAG laser, higher permeability was found when compared to the laser-treated groups. SEM evaluations showed partially or completely obliterated dentinal tubules when specimens were treated with fluoride varnish+Er:YAG laser. It may be concluded that Er:YAG laser was able to control the permeability of eroded root dentin and the combination with fluoride varnish increased laser action.

Este estudo avaliou a influencia do ácido clorídrico na rugosidade superficial de resinas compostas submetidas a escovação. Sessenta corpos de prova medindo 2 mm de espessura x 6 mm de diâmetro foram confeccionados e utilizados como unidades experimentais. O presente estudo envolve uma análise fatorial 3x2, onde os fatores foram resina composta (n=20), com 3 níveis: resina composta microhíbrida (Z100), nanoparticulada (Filtek TM Supreme) e nanohíbrida (Ice); e desafio ácido (n=10), com 2 níveis: ausência e presença. O desafio ácido foi realizado por meio da imersão em ácido clorídrico (pH 1,2) por 4 h diárias, 1 min cada imersão, durante 7 dias. Os espécimes que não foram submetidos ao desafio ácido foram armazenados em 15 mL de saliva artificial a 37 °C. Todos os espécimes foram submetidos ao desafio abrasivo. O processo de escovação foi realizado com 200 g de peso, com velocidade de 356 rpm, totalizando 17,8 ciclos. As medidas de rugosidade superficial (Ra) foram realizadas e analisadas por meio da ANOVA e teste de Tukey (p<0,05). Os valores de rugosidade superficial foram maiores na presença (1,07±0,24)quando comparado com a ausencia do ácido hidroclorídrico (0,72±0,04). A resina microhíbrida (1,01±0,27) apresentou maior rugosidade superficial que as resinas nanoparticulada (0,68±0,09) e nanohíbrida (0,48±0,15) quando os espécimes não foram submetidos ao desafio ácido. Na presença do ácido hidroclorídrico, a resina microhíbrida (1,26±0,28) e a resina nanoparticulada (1,18±0,30) apresentou maior valor de rugosidade superficia comparado com a resina nanohíbrida (0.77±0.15). O ácido hidroclorídrico influenciou a rugosidade superficial da resina composta submetida a escovação.

The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of hydrochloric acid on surface roughness of composite resins subjected to brushing. Sixty samples measuring 2 mm thick x 6 mm diameter were prepared and used as experimental units. The study presented a 3x2 factorial design, in which the factors were composite resin (n=20), at 3 levels: microhybrid composite (Z100), nanofilled composite (FiltekTM Supreme), nanohybrid composite (Ice), and acid challenge (n=10) at 2 levels: absence and presence. Acid challenge was performed by immersion of specimens in hydrochloric acid (pH 1.2) for 1 min, 4 times per day for 7 days. The specimens not subjected to acid challenge were stored in 15 mL of artificial saliva at 37 oC. Afterwards, all specimens were submitted to abrasive challenge by a brushing cycle performed with a 200 g weight at a speed of 356 rpm, totaling 17.8 cycles. Surface roughness measurements (Ra) were performed and analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey test (p≤0.05). Surface roughness values were higher in the presence (1.07±0.24) as compared with the absence of hydrochloric acid (0.72±0.04). Surface roughness values were higher for microhybrid (1.01±0.27) compared with nanofilled (0.68 ±0.09) and nanohybrid (0.48±0.15) composites when the specimens were not subjects to acid challenge. In the presence of hydrochloric acid, microhybrid (1.26±0.28) and nanofilled (1.18±0,30) composites presents higher surface roughness values compared with nanohybrid (0.77±0.15). The hydrochloric acid affected the surface roughness of composite resin subjected to brushing.

The aim of this study was to determine the influence of mouthrinses on the surface roughness of a nanofilled composite resin after toothbrushing. One hundred nanofilled composite resin specimens were prepared and randomly distributed into two groups-brushed and non-brushed-and then assigned to five subgroups, according to the mouthrinse solutions (n = 10): Colgate Plax Fresh Mint, Oral B, Cepacol, Colgate Plax, and artificial saliva. Each sample was immersed in 20 mL of the mouthrinses for 1 minute, 5 days per week, twice a day, for a 3-week period. The control group used in the study was one in which the specimens were not subjected to brushing and remained only in artificial saliva. Toothbrushing was performed once a week for 1 minute, for 3 weeks. Surface roughness measurements (Ra) were performed after the immersion period and toothbrushing, by means of a profilometer. Data were analyzed by two-way ANOVA and Tukey's test. Analysis revealed that the association between toothbrushing and Colgate Plax Fresh Mint produced the lowest surface roughness (p < 0.05). All other groups tested (Oral B, Cepacol, Colgate Plax, artificial saliva) exhibited no statistically significant differences between surfaces, whether subjected to toothbrushing or not (p < 0.05). It was concluded that the surface roughness of the nanofilled composite resin tested can be influenced by the mouthrinse associated with toothbrushing.

Este estudo avaliou através de um modelo in vitro o efeito de bebidas no esmalte dental previamente submetido a desafio erosivo com ácido clorídrico. O fator em estudo foi o tipo de bebida, em cinco níveis: Sprite Zero (Coca-Cola® Brasil) controle positivo, leite integral Ultra High Temperature (Parmalat®), extrato de soja integral (Ades® Original), chá preto com baixo teor calórico sabor pêssego (Leão Ice Tea Zero Coca-Cola® Brasil) e água mineral Prata® (controle negativo). Setenta e cinco espécimes de esmalte bovino foram distribuídos entre os cinco tipos de bebidas (n = 15), de acordo com delineamento em blocos completos e casualizados. Para a formação das lesões de desgaste erosivo, os espécimes foram imersos durante 2 min em 10 mL de solução aquosa de ácido clorídrico 0,01 M. Subsequentemente foram imersos em 20 mL das bebidas por 1 min, duas vezes ao dia durante 2 dias, em temperatura ambiente. Nos intervalos entre as imersões os espécimes permaneceram em saliva artificial a 37ºC. A variável de resposta quantitativa foi microdureza superficial do esmalte. ANOVA e teste de Tukey demonstraram diferenças altamente significativas (p <0,00001) no esmalte exposto ao ácido clorídrico e às bebidas. O refrigerante provocou diminuição da microdureza superficial significativamente maior do que as demais bebidas. O chá preto provocou diminuição da microdureza significativamente maior que a água mineral, o leite UHT e o extrato de soja, porém menor que o refrigerante.Entre as bebidas analisadas, refrigerante e chá preto demonstraram efeitos mais deletérios sobre a microdureza do esmalte dental

This study evaluated by an in vitro model the effect of beverages on dental enamel previously subjected to erosive challenge with hydrochloric acid. The factor under study was the type of beverage, in five levels: Sprite® Zero Low-calorie Soda Lime (positive control), Parmalat® ultra high temperature (UHT) milk, Ades® Original soymilk, Leão® Ice Tea Zero ready-to-drink low-calorie peach-flavored black teaand Prata® natural mineral water (negative control). Seventy-five bovine enamel specimens were distributed among the five types of beverages (n=15), according to a randomized complete block design. For the formation of erosive wear lesions, the specimens were immersed in 10 mL aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid 0.01 M for 2 min. Subsequently, the specimens were immersed in 20 mL of the beverages for 1 min, twice daily for 2 days at room temperature. In between, the specimens were kept in 20 mL of artificial saliva at 37ºC. The response variable was the quantitative enamel microhardness. ANOVA and Tukey's test showed highly significant differences (p<0.00001) in the enamel exposed to hydrochloric acid and beverages. The soft drink caused a significantly higher decrease in microhardness compared with the other beverages. The black tea caused a significantly higher reduction in microhardness than the mineral water, UHT milk and soymilk, but lower than the soft drink. Among the analyzed beverages, the soft drink and the black tea caused the most deleterious effects on dental enamel microhardness.

OBJECTIVE: To assess microleakage in conservative class V cavities prepared with aluminum-oxide air abrasion or turbine and restored with self-etching or etch-and-rinse adhesive systems. Materials and Methods: Forty premolars were randomly assigned to 4 groups (I and II: air abrasion; III and IV: turbine) and class V cavities were prepared on the buccal surfaces. Conditioning approaches were: groups I/III - 37% phosphoric acid; groups II/IV - self-priming etchant (Tyrian-SPE). Cavities were restored with One Step Plus/Filtek Z250. After finishing, specimens were thermocycled, immersed in 50% silver nitrate, and serially sectioned. Microleakage at the occlusal and cervical interfaces was measured in mm and calculated by a software. Data were subjected to ANOVA and Tukey's test (α=0.05). RESULTS: Marginal seal provided by air abrasion was similar to high-speed handpiece, except for group I. There was SIGNIFICANT difference between enamel and dentin/cementum margins for to group I and II: air abrasion. The etch-and-rinse adhesive system promoted a better marginal seal. At enamel and dentin/cementum margins, the highest microleakage values were found in cavities treated with the self-etching adhesive system. At dentin/cementum margins, high-speed handpiece preparations associated with etch-and-rinse system provided the least dye penetration. CONCLUSION: Marginal seal of cavities prepared with aluminum-oxide air abrasion was different from that of conventionally prepared cavities, and the etch-and-rinse system promoted higher marginal seal at both enamel and dentin margins.

Chemical substances used during biomechanical preparation of root canals can alter the composition of dentin surface and affect the interaction with restorative materials. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the microtensile bond strength (µTBS) of a self-etching adhesive system to dentin irrigated with sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). MATERIAL AND METHODS: Thirty human third molars were sectioned 3 mm below the occlusal surface, polished with 600- to 1200-grit silicon carbide papers, and randomly divided into 3 groups: G1 (control): no irrigating solution; G2: 1% NaOCl; and G3: 1% NaOCl followed by the application of 17% EDTA. The specimens received the self-etching adhesive system (XENO III - Dentsply), restored with microhybrid composite resin (Z250 - 3M ESPE), sectioned and trimmed to create 4 hourglass-shaped slabs of each tooth. The slabs were tested in microtensile strength in a universal testing machine (Emic DL 2000) at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min until fracture. The results were analyzed statistically by ANOVA and Newman-Keuls test. RESULTS: Mean µTBS values and standard deviations in MPa were: G1 = 11.89 ± 4.22; G2 = 19.41 ± 5.32; G3 = 11.34 ± 4.73. 1% NaOCl increased the adhesive resistance significantly (p<0.001/F=22.5763). The application of 1% NaOCl/17% EDTA resulted in statistically similar µTBS to the control group. CONCLUSIONS: None of the irrigants affected negatively the µTBS of XENO III to dentin. The use of 1% NaOCl alone resulted in higher bond strength than the other treatments. The combination of 1% NaOCl and 17% EDTA produced similar bond strength to that of untreated dentin.

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the influence of different photopolymerization (halogen, halogen soft-start and LED) systems on shear bond strength (SBS) and marginal microleakage of composite resin restorations. Forty Class V cavities (enamel and dentin margins) were prepared for microleakage assessment, and 160 enamel and dentin fragments were prepared for the SBS test, and divided into 4 groups. Kruskal-Wallis and Wilcoxon tests showed statistically significant difference in microleakage between the margins (p < 0.01) with incisal margins presenting the lowest values. Among the groups, it was observed that, only at the cervical margin, halogen soft-start photo polymerization presented statistically significant higher microleakage values. For SBS test, ANOVA showed no statistical difference (p > 0.05) neither between substrates nor among groups. It was concluded that Soft-Start technique with high intensity end-light influenced negatively the cervical marginal sealing, but the light-curing systems did not influence adhesion.

This in vitro study assessed the marginal microleakage on class V cavities prepared with aluminum oxide air abrasion and restored with different glass ionomer cements. The cavities were prepared on the buccal and lingual surfaces of 15 sound third molars with an air- abrasion device (Kreativ Mach 4.1; New Image) using a 27.5-µm aluminum oxide particle stream, and were assigned to 3 groups of 10 cavities each. The restorative materials were: group I, a conventional glass ionomer cement (Ketac-Fil); groups II and III, resin-modified glass ionomer cements (Vitremer R and Fuji II LC, respectively). After placement of the restorations, the teeth were stored in distilled water at 37ºC for 24 h, polished and then submitted to a thermocycling regimen of 500 cycles, isolated, immersed in 0.2% Rhodamine B solution for 24 h, included and serially sectioned. Microleakage was assessed by viewing the specimens under an optical microscope connected to a color video camera and a computer. The images obtained were digitized and analyzed for microleakage using software that allows for a standard quantitative assessment of dye penetration in millimeters. Statistical analysis was done using the Kruskall-Wallis and Wilcoxon tests. Means of dye penetration (%) were: occlusal - I: 25.76 ± 34.35, II: 20.00 ± 42.16, III: 28.25 ± 41.67; cervical - I: 23.72 ± 41.84; II: 44.22 ± 49.69, III: 39.27 ± 50.74. No statistically significant differences (p>0.05) were observed among either the glass ionomer cements or the margins. In conclusion, class V cavities restored with either conventional or resin-modified glass ionomer cements after preparation with aluminum oxide air abrasion did not show complete sealing at the enamel and dentin/cementum margins.

Este estudo in vitro avaliou a microinfiltração marginal em cavidades classe V preparadas com jato de óxido de alumínio e restauradas com diferentes sistemas ionôméricos. As cavidades foram preparadas nas superfícies vestibular e lingual de 15 terceiros molares hígidos e foram divididas em três grupos com 10 cavidades cada um. Os seguintes materiais foram utilizados: no grupo I, cimento de ionômero de vidro convencional (Ketac Fil) e nos grupo II e III, cimentos de ionômero de vidro modificado por monômeros resinosos (Vitremer e Fuji II LC, respectivamente). O preparo cavitário foi realizado por meio da aplicação do jato de óxido de alumínio (Kreativ Mach 4.1; New Image), com partículas de 27,5 µm. Após a restauração das cavidades, os dentes foram armazenados durante 24 h em água destilada a 37ºC, polidos e então submetido a termociclagem (500 ciclos), imersos em Rodamina B a 0,2% por 24 h, incluídos e seccionados. A análise da microinfiltração marginal foi realizada por meio de um microscópio óptico acoplado a uma câmera e a um computador. As imagens obtidas foram digitalizadas e analisadas utilizando um software que permite uma análise quantitativa padronizada da microinfiltração, em milímetros. As médias (%) obtidas foram: oclusal - I: 25,76 ± 34,35; II: 20,00 ± 42,16; III: 28,25 ± 41,67; cervical I: 23,72 ± 41,84; II: 44,22 ± 49,69; III: 39,27 ± 50,74. Os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística, utilizando os testes de Kruskall-Wallis e Wilcoxon. Não houve diferença estatisticamente significante (p>0.05) entre os materiais testados nem entre as margens oclusal e cervical. Conclui-se que em cavidades classe V preparadas com ar abrasão e restauradas com cimentos de ionômero de vidro convencional e modificados por monômeros resinosos não houve completo vedamento marginal.

The aim of this study was to analyze in vitro surface hardness (micro-indentation tester Wolpert) of different types of amalgam alloys varying the technique and polishing time. Tested were the amalgam: Velvalloy, Permite e Dispersalloy. For each material, 2 polishing techniques were accomplished: T1 (bladed finishing burs + abrasive rubber points + pumice-water slurry in Robinson polishing brush) and; T2 (abrasive rubber points + pumice-water slurry in Robinson polishing brush), at 2 periods of time: P1 (immediately - 15 min after condensation) and P2 (after 24 h). For each experimental condition, 5 samples were prepared. For each sample, 2 indentations were taken and the average was determined. Were made analysis using ANOVA and Tukey test. Were concluded that: a) using the Permite alloy with polishing after 24 h the surface hardness of restoration will be higher; b) the technique T2 enhances the hardness of dental amalgams and c) alloy Permite with polished immediately were statisticaly equal than Velvalloy polished after 24 h.