OBJECTIVES: To compare the metabolic, hemodynamic, autonomic, and endothelial responses to short-term red wine consumption in subjects with hypercholesterolemia or arterial hypertension, and healthy controls. METHODS: Subjects with hypercholesterolemia (n=10) or arterial hypertension (n=9), or healthy controls (n=7) were given red wine (250 mL/night) for 15 days. Analyses were performed before and after red wine intake. RESULTS: Red wine significantly increased the plasma levels of HDL-cholesterol in the controls, but not in the other groups. The effects on hemodynamic measurements were mild, non-significantly more prominent in healthy subjects, and exhibited high interindividual variability. Across all participants, mean blood pressure decreased 7 mmHg (p <0.01) and systemic vascular resistance decreased 7% (p = 0.05). Heart rate and cardiac output did not significantly change in any group. Red wine enhanced muscle sympathetic fibular nerve activity in hypercholesterolemic and hypertensive patients, but not in controls. At baseline, brachial artery flow-mediated dilation was impaired in patients with hypercholesterolemia and arterial hypertension; red wine restored the dilation in the hypercholesterolemic group but not in the hypertensive group. CONCLUSIONS: Red wine elicits different metabolic, autonomic, and endothelial responses among individuals with hypercholesterolemia or arterial hypertension and healthy controls. Our findings highlight the need to consider patient characteristics when evaluating the response to red wine.

FUNDAMENTO: A doença renal crônica (DRC) caracteriza-se pela alta prevalência de aterosclerose. Uma vez que o estresse oxidativo e a disfunção endotelial são promotores da aterosclerose, é interessante verificar se as duas condições estão associadas em pacientes com DRC, ainda sem doença cardiovascular (DCV) clínica. OBJETIVO: Avaliar as relações entre o estresse oxidativo e a função endotelial em pacientes com DRC estágio 5, sem DCV. MÉTODOS: Foram estudados 22 pacientes com DRC, não-diabéticos, não-fumantes, sem DCV e tratados por hemodiálise; além de 22 indivíduos normais. Em todos os indivíduos foram avaliados a reatividade vascular, dependente e independente de endotélio (ultra-som de alta resolução da artéria braquial), e o estresse oxidativo (níveis plasmáticos de substâncias reativas ao ácido tiobarbitúrico - TBARS). RESULTADOS: A reatividade vascular dependente de endotélio (6,0 ± 4,25% vs. 11,3 ± 4,46%, p <0,001) e a reatividade independente de endotélio (11,9 ± 7,68% vs. 19,1 ± 6,43%, p <0,001) foram reduzidas na DRC, enquanto o estresse oxidativo (2,63 ± 0,51 vs. 1,49 ± 0,43, p <0,001) foi aumentado. Os níveis de TBARS, quando utilizado na totalidade de indivíduos do estudo (pacientes e controles), correlacionaram-se com a reatividade vascular dependente de endotélio (r = -0,56, p<0,001) e com a pressão arterial sistólica (r = 0,48, p = 0,002). CONCLUSÃO: O estresse oxidativo é associado à disfunção endotelial. Pacientes com DRC apresentam aumento do estresse oxidativo e comprometimento da reatividade vascular. Os resultados sugerem ainda que o estresse oxidativo e a disfunção endotelial podem estar envolvidos na susceptibilidade exagerada da DRC às complicações cardiovasculares.

BACKGROUND: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is characterized by the high prevalence of atherosclerosis. Considering that endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress are promoters of atherosclerosis, it is of interest to verify whether the two conditions are associated in CKD patients still free of clinical cardiovascular disease (CVD). OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the association between oxidative stress and endothelial function in end-stage CKD patients without clinically evident CVD. METHODS: We studied 22 nondiabetic, nonsmoker CKD patients without clinical CVD treated by maintenance hemodialysis and 22 healthy controls. Endothelium- dependent and independent vascular reactivity and oxidative stress, as determined by the plasma levels of thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances - TBARS, were evaluated in all subjects. RESULTS: Endothelium-dependent (6.0 ± 4.25 vs. 11.3 ± 4.46 %, p< 0.001) and endothelium-independent (11.9 ± 7.68 vs. 19.1 % ± 6.43 %, p< 0.001) vascular reactivity were reduced, while TBARS (2.63 ± 0.51 vs. 1.49 ± 0.42 nmols/mL) was increased in CKD patients when compared to controls. TBARS levels were significantly related to endothelium-dependent vascular reactivity (r= - 0.56, p< 0.001) and to systolic blood pressure (r= - 0.48, p= 0.002). CONCLUSION: Oxidative stress is increased in CKD patients free of CVD and is associated with endothelial dysfunction in patients and controls. The results suggest that oxidative stress and endothelial dysfunction may be involved in the increased susceptibility of CKD patients to CVD and cardiovascular complications.

FUNDAMENTO: La enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) se caracteriza por la alta prevalencia de aterosclerosis Siendo el estrés oxidativo y la disfunción endotelial promotores de la aterosclerosis, es interesante verificar si las dos condiciones están asociadas en pacientes con ERC, aun sin enfermedad cardiovascular (ECV) clínica. OBJETIVO: Evaluar las relaciones entre el estrés oxidativo y la función endotelial en pacientes con ERC estado 5, sin ECV. MÉTODOS: Se estudiaron 22 pacientes con ERC, no diabéticos, no fumadores, sin ECV y tratados por hemodiálisis; además de 22 individuos normales. En todos los individuos se evaluaron la reactividad vascular, dependiente e independiente de endotelio (ecografía de alta resolución de la arteria braquial), y el estrés oxidativo (niveles plasmáticos de sustancias reactivas al ácido tiobarbitúrico - TBARS). RESULTADOS: La reactividad vascular dependiente de endotelio (6,0 ± 4,25% vs. 11,3 ± 4,46%, p <0,001) y la reactividad independiente de endotelio (11,9 ± 7,68% vs. 19,1 ± 6,43%, p <0,001) se redujeron en la ERC, mientras el estrés oxidativo (2,63 ± 0,51 vs. 1,49 ± 0,43, p <0,001) se vio aumentado. Los niveles de TBARS, cuando se utiliza en la totalidad de individuos del estudio (pacientes y controles), se correlacionaron con la reactividad vascular dependiente de endotelio (r = -0,56, p<0,001) y con la presión arterial sistólica (r = 0,48, p = 0,002). CONCLUSIÓN: El estrés oxidativo está asociado a la disfunción endotelial. Pacientes con ERC presentan aumento del estrés oxidativo y compromiso de la reactividad vascular. Los resultados sugieren además que el estrés oxidativo y la disfunción endotelial pueden estar involucrados en la susceptibilidad exagerada de la ERC a las complicaciones cardiovasculares.