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Factores asociados a la lactancia al mes de alta en prematuros de muy bajo peso hospitalizados al nacer
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Concha, Joselyn

; Osorio-Spuler, Ximena

; Barría, R. Mauricio

Andes pediatrica

Journal Metrics
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- SciELO Analytics

oct 2024, Volume 95 N. 5 Pages 515 - 524

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract: There is evidence of the benefits that breastfeeding (BF) provides to full-term and premature newborns who are hospitalized. In the latter, maintaining BF during and after hospitalization is difficult. Objective: To determine the factors associated with BF cessation in preterm infants one month after discharge from a neonatology unit. Patients and Method: Historical cohort of 218 newborns from the Very Low Birth Weight Newborn Follow-up Program of the Hospital Base Valdivia, hospitalized between January 2016 and June 2022 and who maintained BF at discharge. Biodemographic and clinical data were collected from available records and their relationship with BF cessation was evaluated one month after discharge. Results: One month after discharge, 35.8% of the infants abandoned BF (N = 78). The bivariate analysis highlighted a significantly lower median gestational age and lower mean birth weight in those who abandoned BF. Neonates born to married mothers, with a shorter median hospital stay and without requiring invasive mechanical ventilation had a lower proportion of BF abandonment. In the adjusted analysis, the educational level of maternal higher education was significantly associated with a lower probability of abandoning BF (adjusted OR: 0.3; 95% CI 0.11 - 0.85). Conclusions: One month after discharge, over a third of the children stopped BF which was significantly associated with the mother’s educational level. Support and educational interventions during hospitalization must consider the mother’s educational background.

Resumen: Existe evidencia de los beneficios que la lactancia materna (LM) provee tanto a recién nacidos de término como prematuros que están hospitalizados. En estos últimos, mantener la lactancia durante y luego de la hospitalización es difícil. Objetivo: Determinar los factores asociados al abandono de la LM en prematuros un mes post alta de un servicio de neonatología. Pacientes y Método: Cohorte histórica de 218 recién nacidos pertenecientes al Programa de Seguimiento del Recién Nacido de Muy Bajo Peso de Nacimiento del Hospital Base Valdivia, hospitalizados en el periodo enero 2016 - junio 2022 y que mantenían LM al alta. Desde registros disponibles se extrajeron datos biodemográficos y clínicos y se evaluó su relación con el abandono de la lactancia un mes post alta. Resultados: Un mes post alta 35,8% de los niños abandonó la LM (N = 78). En el análisis bivariado destacó una edad gestacional mediana y peso de nacimiento medio significativamente menor en quienes abandonaron la LM. Neonatos de madres casadas, con menor estancia hospitalaria mediana y sin requerimiento de ventilación mecánica invasiva presentaron menor proporción de abandono de LM. En el análisis ajustado, el nivel educativo de educación superior materna se asoció significativamente a menor probabilidad de abandono de la LM (OR ajustado: 0,3; IC95% 0,11 - 0,85). Conclusiones: Al mes post alta más de un tercio de los niños abandonó la lactancia y se asoció significativamente al nivel educativo materno. Intervenciones de acompañamiento y educación durante la hospitalización deben considerar el nivel educacional de las madres.

https://doi.org/10.32641/andespediatr.v95i5.4964

Asociación entre cáncer y fitness cardiorrespiratorio en población chilena: Resultados de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2016-2017
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Parra-Soto, Solange Poblete-Valderrama, Felipe Garrido, Alex Concha-Cisternas, Yeny álvarez, Cristian Cigarroa, Igor Díaz-Martínez, Ximena Petermann-Rocha, Fanny Celis-Morales, Carlos Vásquez-Gómez, Jaime

Revista médica de Chile

Journal Metrics
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sep 2023, Volume 151 N. 9 Pages 1115 - 1124

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Introduction: Physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) are protective factors in cancer development. However, the CRF in the Chilean population diagnosed with cancer is unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the association that the CRF had between people with and without a cancer diagnosis and, secondarily, to compare the trend of the CRF according to years of cancer diagnosis in the Chilean population. Methods: Data from 5,483 people from the 2016-2017 National Health Survey between 15 and 98 years old were analyzed. Cancer diagnosis (all available) was determined with standardized questions, and CRF was calculated with an abbreviated method (demographics, anthropometry, lifestyles). Linear regression analysis adjusted for confounding variables was performed with the complex sample analysis module of the STATA v.16 program (95% CI, p < 0.05). Results: People with some cancer diagnosis versus those without cancer had a lower FCR level (ft: -1.23 [95% CI: -1.52; -0.94]). When comparing CRF levels according to cancer type, similar results were observed for colorectal, breast, and uterine cancer (p < 0.001) but not for thyroid cancer (p = 0.253). There was lower CRF from the first year of diagnosis of all types of cancer to over ten years, although not significant (p = 0.109). Conclusions: Those diagnosed with cancer presented lower CRF compared to those not diagnosed. In addition, in people with cancer, the CRF decreased with increasing years since the first diagnosis. It would be essential to evaluate and increase CRF in cancer patients.

RESUMEN Introducción: La actividad física y el fitness cardiorrespiratorio (FCR) son factores protectores en el desarrollo de cáncer. Sin embargo, se desconoce el FCR en población chilena diagnosticada con cáncer. Objetivo: Evaluar la asociación que tuvo el FCR entre las personas con y sin diagnóstico de cáncer, y secundariamente comparar la tendencia del FCR según años de diagnóstico de cáncer en población chilena. Método: Se analizaron datos de 5.483 personas de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2016-2017 entre 15 y 98 años. El diagnóstico de cáncer (todos los disponibles) se determinó con preguntas estandarizadas, y el FCR se calculó con método abreviado (demografía, antropometría, estilos de vida). Se realizó análisis de regresión lineal ajustado por variables de confusión con el módulo de análisis de muestras complejas del programa STATA v.16 (95% IC, p < 0,05). Resultados: Las personas con algún tipo de diagnóstico de cáncer, versus aquellas sin cáncer, presentaron un menor nivel de FCR (fi: -1,23 [95% IC: -1,52; -0,94]). Al comparar los niveles de FCR según tipo de cáncer, se observaron resultados similares para cáncer colorrectal, de mama y útero (p < 0,001), pero no para cáncer de tiroides (p = 0,253). Hubo menor FCR desde el primer año de diagnóstico de todo tipo de cáncer hasta sobre diez años, aunque no significativo (p = 0,109). Conclusión: Los diagnosticados con cáncer presentaron menor FCR comparado a los no diagnosticados. Además, en las personas con cáncer el FCR disminuye al incrementar los años desde el primer diagnóstico. Sería importante evaluar e incrementar el FCR en pacientes oncológicos.

https://doi.org/10.4067/s0034-98872023000901115

Efecto del sedentarismo sobre la interacción entre el gen FTO y niveles de adiposidad en adultos chilenos - Resultados del Estudio GENADIO
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Celis-Morales, Carlos Villagrán, Marcelo Mardones, Lorena Martínez-Sanguinetti, María Adela Leiva-Ordoñez, Ana María Carrasco-Marín, Fernanda Ulloa, Natalia Martorell, Miquel Lasserre-Laso, Nicole Díaz-Martinez, Ximena Cigarroa, Igor Concha-Cisternas, Yeny Troncoso-Pantoja, Claudia Lanuza, Fabian Vásquez-Gómez, Jaime Parra-Soto, Solange Petermann-Rocha, Fanny

Revista médica de Chile

Journal Metrics
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aug 2023, Volume 151 N. 8 Pages 980 - 991

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Background: The Fat-mass and obesity-associated-gene (FTO gene) and sedentary behavior time are associated with obesity. However, whether sedentary behavior time can modify the genetic predisposition to obesity in the Chilean population is unknown. Therefore, this study investigated the association between sedentary behavior, adiposity markers, and the FTO gene. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 409 participants from the Genes, Environment, Diabetes, and Obesity (GENADIO) study. Adiposity markers studied included body weight, body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and fat mass. Sedentary behaviors were measured using accelerometers. Using multiple regression, we evaluated the interaction between sedentary behaviors and the FTO gene (rs9939609) on adiposity markers. Results: Sedentary behaviors and the FTO genotype were positively associated with higher body weight, BMI, WC, and fat mass. However, the association between time of sedentary behavior and adiposity markers was higher in carriers of the risk variant for the FTO gene. For each hour of increment in sedentary behaviors, body weight increases by 1.36 kg ([95% CI: 0.27; 2.46], p = 0.015) and 2.95 kg ([95%CI: 1.24; 4.65], p = 0.001) in non-risk carriers (TT) versus risk carriers (AA), respectively. We observed similar results for WC, BMI, and body fat, but the interaction was significant only for WC. Conclusion: The association between sedentary behaviors and adiposity markers, especially body weight and WC, is higher in individuals who carry the risk variant of the FTO gene.

RESUMEN Antecedentes: Tanto el gen FTO (Fat-mass and obesity-associated-gene) y el tiempo sedente se asocian a obesidad, sin embargo, se desconoce si el tiempo sedente puede modificar la predisposición genética a la obesidad. Por ende, el objetivo de este estudio fue investigar si la asociación entre el polimorfismo rs9939609 del gen FTO y marcadores de adiposidad podrían ser modificados por el tiempo sedente. Métodos: Este estudio de corte transversal incluye a 409 participantes del estudio GENADIO. Los marcadores de adiposidad estudiados fueron peso corporal, índice de masa corporal (IMC), perímetro de cintura (PC) y porcentaje masa grasa. El tiempo sedente se determinó mediante acelerometría de movimiento. La interacción entre el gen FTO (rs9939609) y el tiempo sedente sobre los marcadores de adiposidad se determinó mediante análisis de regresión múltiple. Resultados: Tanto la variante de riesgo del gen FTO como el tiempo sedente se asociaron a mayor peso corporal, IMC, PC y masa grasa. Sin embargo, la asociación entre tiempo sedente y marcadores de adiposidad fue mayor en personas portadoras del alelo de riesgo del gen FTO. Por cada 1 hora de incremento en tiempo sedente, el peso corporal incrementa en 1,36 kg ([95% IC: 0,27; 2,46], p = 0,015) y 2,95 kg ([95% IC: 1,24; 4,65], p = 0,001) en personas con la variante protectora (TT) versus aquellos con la variante de riesgo (AA), respectivamente. Resultados similares se encontraron para (PC). Conclusión: La asociación entre la variante de riesgo de FTO y mayor nivel de adiposidad es más acentuada en individuos que presentan mayores niveles de sedentarismo.

https://doi.org/10.4067/s0034-98872023000800980

Valores de referencia y factores de riesgo de la condición física en personas mayores chilenas físicamente activas
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Díaz Martínez, Ximena Bello-Escamilla, Natalia Morales Ojeda, Ismael Cigarroa, Igor Concha Cisternas, Yeny Vásquez-Gómez, Jaime

Revista médica de Chile

Journal Metrics
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feb 2023, Volume 151 N. 2 Pages 177 - 184

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Background: Physical fitness assessment of older adults is essential because it is a key component of functional independence and healthy aging. Aim: To establish physical fitness reference values for physically active older Chilean adults of both sexes and identify the variables associated with the deterioration of their physical condition. Material and Methods: Cross-sectional study that included 342 older adults aged 60 and over. Their physical fitness was assessed with the Senior Fitness Test (SFT). The timed up and go (TUG), chair stand (CS), arm curl (AC), and aerobic resistance (2 min) tests were evaluated. Results: Performance in the physical fitness tests by age group decreased in all tests as older adults advanced in age. Scores for men were more evenly distributed across the different age groups. The main risk factors for the deterioration of physical fitness were age, sex, and body mass index (BMI) (p-value < 0.05). The primary risk factor for men was age and for women age and BMI. Conclusions: Performance of both men and women in the different SFT tests decreased as older adults aged. Age, sex, and BMI were the main risk factors for the deterioration of the physical fitness of physically active older adults.

https://doi.org/10.4067/s0034-98872023000200177

Asociación entre velocidad de marcha y deterioro cognitivo en personas mayores: resultados de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2016-2017
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CONCHA-CISTERNAS, YENY

; CASTRO-PINERO, JOSE

; VASQUEZ, JAIME

; MARTORELL, MIQUEL

; CIGARROA, IGOR

; PETERMANN-ROCHA, FANNY

; PARRA-SOTO, SOLANGE

; POBLETE, FELIPE

; MATUS-CASTILLO, CARLOS

; GARRRIDO-MENDEZ, ALEX

; MARTINEZ-SANGUINETTI, MARIA ADELA

; NAZAR, GABRIELA

; LEIVA-ORDONEZ, ANA MARIA

; TRONCOSO-PANTOJA, CLAUDIA

; DIAZ-MARTINEZ, XIMENA

; CELIS-MORALES, CARLOS

Revista Salud Uninorte

Journal Metrics
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dec 2022, Volume 38 N. 3 Pages 819 - 836

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

RESUMEN Antecedentes: La velocidad de la marcha podría considerarse un marcador temprano de riesgo de deterioro cognitivo en personas mayores. Objetivo: Determinar la asociación entre velocidad de la marcha y sospecha de deterioro cognitivo en población mayor chilena. Métodos: Se incluyeron 1788 personas mayores de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud (ENS) 2016-2017 que tenían información sobre velocidad de marcha y sospecha de deterioro cognitivo. La velocidad de la marcha fue autorreportada y categorizada como marca lenta, normal y rápida. Sospecha de deterioro cognitivo fue evaluado a través del cuestionario Mini Mental abreviado. La asociación entre marcha y deterioro cognitivo fue investigada mediante análisis de regresión logística. Resultados: En comparación a las personas mayores que reportaron una velocidad de marcha rápida, aquellas que reportaron una marcha lenta presentaron 2,67 veces mayor probabilidad de tener deterioro cognitivo (OR: 2,67 [95% IC:1,62; 4,42], p<0,001). Al ajustar los modelos por variables de confusión sociodemográficas, estilos de vida y salud, la asociación disminuyó, pero, permaneció significativa (OR: 1,78 [95% IC:1,15; 3,17], p=0,047). Mientras que las personas mayores que reportaron tener una velocidad de marcha normal no presentaron asociación con deterioro cognitivo. Conclusión: Personas mayores que reportan una velocidad de marcha lenta presentaron una mayor probabilidad de sospecha de deterioro cognitivo. Considerando que el deterioro cognitivo es un síndrome geriátrico con alta prevalencia en población mayor, existe la necesidad de enfatizar en estrategias para un diagnóstico temprano, por lo cual la velocidad de marcha podría ser un instrumento útil.

ABSTRACT Background: Walking pace could be considered an early risk marker of cognitive impairment in older people. Objective: To determine the association between walking pace and cognitive impairment in older Chilean adults. Methods: 1,788 adults older than 60 years from the 2016-2017 Chilean National Health Survey with data available in the exposure and outcome were included in this cross-sectional study. Walking pace was self-reported and categorised as slow, average and brisk. Cognitive impairment was assessed using the Abbreviated Mini-Mental questionnaire. Logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate the association between walking pace and cognitive impairment, logistic regression analyses - adjusted for sociodemographic, lifestyle and health-related covariates. Results: In the minimally adjusted model and compared to older adults who self-reported a brisk walking pace, those in the slow walking pace category were 2.67 times more likely to have cognitive impairment (OR: 2.67 [95% CI: 1.62, 4.42]). When the analyses were adjusted, the association was attenuated but remained significant (OR: 1.78 [95% CI: 1.15 3.17]). No associations were found between average pace walkers and cognitive impairment. Conclusion: Older adults who self-reported a slow walking pace having a higher likelihood of cognitive impairment than their counterparts who had a brisk walking pace. Considering that cognitive impairment is a geriatric syndrome with a high prevalence in the elderly, there is a need to emphasise strategies for an early diagnosis. Therefore, walking pace may be a useful marker to identify individuals at high risk of cognitive impairment.

https://doi.org/10.14482/sun.38.3.155.67

Asociación entre nivel educacional y sospecha de deterioro cognitivo en personas mayores chilenas: resultados de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2016-2017
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Concha-Cisternas, Yeny Castro-Piñero, José Petermann-Rocha, Fanny Troncoso-Pantoja, Claudia Díaz, Ximena Cigarroa, Igor Martorell, Miquel Martínez-Sanguinetti, María Adela Nazar, Gabriela Leiva-Ordoñez, Ana María Celis-Morales, Carlos

Revista médica de Chile

Journal Metrics
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dec 2022, Volume 150 N. 12 Pages 1575 - 1584

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Background: A low education level has been associated with cognitive impairment in older adults. Aim: To determine the association between educational attainment and suspicion of cognitive imparirment in older Chilean population. Material and Methods: Data from 2,005 adults aged ≥ 60 years assessed during 2016-2017 Chilean National Health Survey were included. Education was self-reported and categorized as primary: ≤ 8 years; secondary: 9 to 12 years and beyond secondary: > 12 years. suspicion of cognitive imparirment was assessed with the Mini-Mental questionnaire. Results: Men and women with low education attainment had a higher prevalence of cognitive impairment (33% [95% confidence intervals (CI): 24; 41] and 27% [95% CI: 21; 33], respectively). Men who reported less schooling (≤ 8 years) were more likely to be at risk of suspicion of cognitive imparirment (Odds ratio (OR): 4.53 [95% CI: 1.10, 18.62]) compared to their peers. Women showed a substantially higher magnitude of association than men. The probability of suspicion of cognitive imparirment increased 9-times (OR: 9.96 [95% CI: 1.24; 79.6]) for 9-12 years and 18-times for ≤ 8 years of education (OR: 18.8 [95% CI: 2.42; 146.1]) compared to women with higher education. Conclusions: Older adults with low education attainment had an increased likelihood of developing suspicion of cognitive imparirment. However, the risk differs by sex, being higher in women than men.

https://doi.org/10.4067/s0034-98872022001201575

Asociación del fitness cardiorrespiratorio con marcadores de adiposidad corporal: estudio de corte transversal de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud Chile 2016-2017
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Vásquez-Gómez, Jaime Álvarez, Cristian Concha-Cisternas, Yeny Beltrán, Ana Rosa Díaz-Martínez, Ximena Cigarroa, Igor Parra-Soto, Solange Petermann-Rocha, Fanny Celis-Morales, Carlos

Revista médica de Chile

Journal Metrics
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sep 2022, Volume 150 N. 9 Pages 1152 - 1161

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Background: Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is inversely associated with metabolic diseases and adiposity markers. Aim: To assess the association of CRF with body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC) and obesity in a representative sample of the Chilean population. Material and Methods: Data from 5,958 participants in the Chilean National Health Survey 2016-1027 aged 15 years or above were analyzed. CRF was estimated by an equation that included sociodemographic, anthropometric and health-related data and expressed in metabolic equivalent units (METs). The association between CRF and adiposity was assessed using linear and Poisson regression models and the results were presented as Prevalence Ratio (PR). Results: One MET increment in CRF was associated with a 3.27 kg/m2 (95% confidence intervals (CI): -3.35; -3.2) and 4.56 kg/m2 (95% CI: -4.67; -4.46) lower BMI in men and women, respectively. Waist circumference was 6.7 cm [95% CI: -6.98; -6.42] and 9 cm [95% CI: -9.33; -8.67] lower per 1-MET increment in CRF. With one MET increment, the probability of being obese was 34% (PR = 0.66 [95%CI: 0.63; 0.69]) and 36% (PR = 0.64 [95%CI: 0.61; 0.67]) lower in men and women, respectively. The probability of having a central obesity was 26% (PR = 0.74 [95%CI: 0.71; 0.77]) and 30% (PR = 0.70 [95%CI: 0.68; 0.73]) lower in men and women, respectively. Conclusions: A higher estimated CRF was associated with lower adiposity levels and a lower risk of being obese in both men and women. Public health policies aiming to increase physical activity are needed to increase the CRF of the Chilean population.

Uso de Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación y bienestar emocional en adultos mayores
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Navarrete Fernández, Debora

; Needham Torres, Tamara

; Ortega Alegría, María Eugenia

; Concha Sáez, Mireya

; Macaya Sandoval, Ximena

Gaceta Médica Espirituana

Journal Metrics
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aug 2022, Volume 24 N. 2 elocation 2375

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

RESUMEN Fundamento: Los adultos mayores son un grupo vulnerable en el contexto actual de pandemia por COVID-19, debido al confinamiento su salud mental y física se deteriora; de ahí, la importancia del uso de Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación que contribuyen a su bienestar emocional, al favorecer las relaciones sociales. Objetivo: Identificar la relación que tienen las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación en el bienestar emocional de los adultos mayores durante la pandemia por COVID-19. Desarrollo: Se realizaron búsquedas en PubMed, Web of Science, SciELO y LILACS con la utilización de los términos pandemic, COVID-19, mental health, emotional well-being, loneliness, social media, social connections, digital platforms, older people, elderly people, ICT y social networking sites. Se tuvieron en cuenta criterios de inclusión y exclusión. En estudios transversales se encontró una asociación entre el bienestar emocional y el uso de las Tecnologías de la Información y la Comunicación, sin embargo, un número importante de estudios empíricos identificaron la brecha digital como un obstáculo para que los adultos mayores pudieran usar las tecnologías como un medio para la interacción. Conclusiones: Los resultados de la revisión muestran una relación positiva entre el bienestar emocional y el uso de las TIC; se considera relevante continuar con la investigación en adultos mayores sometidos a confinamiento.

ABSTRACT Background: Older adults are a vulnerable group in the current context of the COVID-19 pandemic, due to confinement their mental and physical health deteriorates; hence, the importance of the use of Information and Communication Technologies that contribute to their emotional well-being, by favoring social relationships. Objective: Identify the relationship that Information and Communication Technologies have on the emotional well-being of older adults during the COVID-19 pandemic. Development: Searches were made in PubMed, Web of Science, SciELO and LILACS using the terms pandemic, COVID-19, mental health, emotional well-being, loneliness, social media, social connections, digital platforms, older people, elderly people, ICT and social networking sites. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were taken into account. In cross-sectional studies, an association was found between emotional well-being and the use of Information and Communication Technologies, however, a significant number of empirical studies identified the digital divide as an obstacle for older adults to be able to use technologies as a medium for interaction. Searches were made in PubMed, Web of Science, SciELO and LILACS using the terms pandemic, COVID-19, mental health, emotional well-being, loneliness, social media, social connections, digital platforms, older people, elderly people, ICT and social networking sites. Inclusion and exclusion criteria were taken into account. In cross-sectional studies, an association was found between emotional well-being and the use of Information and Communication Technologies, however, a significant number of empirical studies identified the digital divide as an obstacle for older adults to be able to use technologies as a medium for interaction. Conclusions: The results of the review show a positive relationship between emotional well-being and the use of ICT; it is considered relevant to continue with research in older adults subjected to confinement.

El cultivo del ají (Capsicum spp.) como patrimonio cultural campesino: análisis exploratorio*
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Quiñones Díaz, Ximena E.

; Muñoz Concha, Diego

; Nuñez Carrasco, Lizbeth

RIVAR (Santiago)

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may 2022, Volume 9 N. 26 Pages 89 - 106

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Abstract Peasant communities in Chile produce and process local varieties of chili pepper (Capsicum spp.). This crop is of pre-Hispanic origin, being an essential spice for the local gastronomy. Despite the expansion of industrial agriculture, these communities preserve traditional systems of production and processing. In addition, the communities have intuitively added value to their produce highlighting its ancestral origin, local varieties, traditions and identities associated with its production and consumption. We propose that chili pepper production by peasant communities can be recognized as a cultural heritage and be safeguarded. The objective was to explore cultural heritage elements of the production, processing, and uses of chili pepper in peasant communities, as a contribution to safeguard this heritage. The method was a participatory exploration of the chili pepper production systems in two peasant communities from different conceptual frameworks of cultural heritage. The results show that the heritage linked to chili pepper is a living, dynamic and indivisible intergenerational web of culture, knowledge, technologies and local genetic resources. The empowerment and mobilization of the communities are key aspects for the conservation of cultural heritage, although attention must be paid to economic functions supporting chili pepper production.

Resumen Comunidades campesinas en Chile producen y procesan artesanalmente variedades locales de ají (Capsicum spp.), cultivo de origen prehispánico, cuyo fruto es utilizado como condimento en la gastronomía típica. A pesar de la expansión de la agricultura industrial, estas comunidades conservan sistemas tradicionales de cultivo y procesamiento. Además, han iniciado acciones para la puesta en valor del ají, destacando su origen ancestral, las variedades locales y las tradiciones e identidades asociadas a su producción y consumo. Al respecto proponemos que la producción campesina de ají puede ser reconocida como un patrimonio cultural susceptible de ser resguardado. El objetivo fue explorar los sistemas de producción, procesamiento y usos del ají en comunidades campesinas, para identificar elementos patrimoniales y contribuir al desarrollo de caminos de resguardo, mediante el uso del método de exploración participativa, desde diferentes enfoques conceptuales del patrimonio, de los sistemas de producción de ají en dos comunidades campesinas. Los resultados muestran que el patrimonio relativo al ají es una trama intergeneracional viva, dinámica e indivisible de cultura, conocimientos, tecnologías y recursos genéticos locales; el empoderamiento y la movilización de las comunidades son clave en el resguardo del patrimonio, pero se debe poner atención a las funciones económicas que otorgan soporte al cultivo.

https://doi.org/10.35588/rivar.v9i26.5531

10.

Efectos en la capacidad funcional de un programa de ejercicio físico terapéutico basado en telesalud en personas con diagnóstico de osteoartritis de rodilla y cadera
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Muñoz-Fonseca, Fernando Concha-Cisternas, Yeny Díaz-Martínez, Ximena Celis-Morales, Carlos Zapata-Lamana, Rafael Cigarroa, Igor

Revista médica de Chile

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jan 2022, Volume 150 N. 1 Pages 33 - 45

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Background: Telehealth is a novel therapeutic alternative. Aim: To determine the effects of a remote therapeutic physical exercise program (TPEP), based on telehealth, on functional physical capacity in people with knee or hip osteoarthritis. Patients and Methods: An eight-week TPEP was undertaken by 36 participants with a mean age of 68 years. The control group received printed exercise instructions, while the experimental group received the same instructions plus TPEP using tutorial videos and voice messaging via WhatsApp. Both groups were evaluated at baseline and the end of the intervention with the Lower Extremity Functional Scale (LEFS), Barthel index (BI), Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), senior fitness test and with the Visual Analog Scale for pain (VAS). Results: The experimental group decreased the VAS score and improved tandem balance, three-meter walk, sit and stand 5 times, sit and stand in 30 seconds, push-ups in 30 seconds, two minutes’ walk, join the right hand behind the back and SPPB general score. The control group increased the BI score and improved the three meters walking test, sitting, and standing 5 times, sit and stand 30 seconds chair test, 2 minutes walking test and the SPPB general score. No differences between groups were observed for the LEFS scale, BI, VAS and functional capacity. Conclusions: A TPEP based on telehealth has similar effectiveness than a TPEP based on traditional paper-based intervention to improve functional physical capacity in patients with OA. (Rev Med Chile 2022; 150: 33-45)

11.

Características clínicas de pacientes ingresados por COVID-19 en un Hospital de alta complejidad de la región de la Araucanía-Chile
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Balboa-Castillo, Teresa Ossa, Ximena Muñoz, Sergio Neira, Jaime Padilla, Arturo Oñat, Mario Briones, Javier Concha, Carla

Revista médica de Chile

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nov 2021, Volume 149 N. 11 Pages 1552 - 1560

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Background: The Araucania region in Chile had the greatest COVID-19 incidence and lethality in Chile Aim: To describe the clinical characteristics and evolution of patients admitted for COVID-19 in a high complexity Hospital in the region of La Araucanía-Chile. Material and Methods: Review of medical records of the first 169 patients aged 55 ± 17 years (50% women) admitted for COVID-19 between march and may, 2020 at a regional hospital in Temuco Chile. Results: The most common comorbidities of these patients were hypertension, diabetes, and obesity. The symptom triad of cough, dyspnea and fever was present in 85%. Less frequent symptoms were diarrhea and vomiting. Biomarkers at admission such as ferritin, D-dimer, among others, were significantly higher among patients who required admission to the Intensive Care Unit. The presence of cough, dyspnea and fever were significantly associated with longer hospitalization time and requirement for mechanical ventilation. Hypertension and obesity were significantly associated with longer hospitalization stay. Eight percent of patients died. Conclusions: Symptoms such as cough, dyspnea and fever and specific biomarkers on admission were associated with a worse evolution of adult inpatients with COVID-19.

12.

Niveles de actividad física y tiempo sedente según ingreso económico en Chile: resultados de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2016-2017
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Matus-Castillo, Carlos Garrido-Méndez, Alex Concha-Cisternas, Yeny Poblete-Valderrama, Felipe Vásquez-Gómez, Jaime Cigarroa, Igor Díaz-Martínez, Ximena Martínez-Sanguinetti, María Adela Beltrán, Ana Rosa Martorell, Miquel Ramírez-Alarcón, Karina Salas-Bravo, Carlos Lasserre-Laso, Nicole Parra-Soto, Solange Petermann-Rocha, Fanny Celis-Morales, Carlos

Revista médica de Chile

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oct 2021, Volume 149 N. 10 Pages 1450 - 1458

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Background: The Chilean population reports high levels of physical inactivity. The relationship between income level, physical activity (PA) and sedentary behaviors is not well known. Aim: To describe the levels of PA and sedentary time, according to income levels in the Chilean population. Material and Methods: Analysis of data from the Chilean National Health Survey 2016-2017, which included 5,130 participants (52.9% women). The levels of PA and sedentary time were measured by the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire. Income levels were established according to the self-reported income per capita of the households and presented as quintiles. PA levels according to income levels were estimated by linear regression analyses. Results: Transport-related PA was higher in the lowest income quintiles (p = 0.039). There were no trends for income levels and PA domains including moderate, vigorous, total, occupational and leisure PA. The prevalence of leisure and occupational physical inactivities were higher in the lowest quintiles of income. Sitting time was higher in the higher income levels (p < 0.01). Conclusions: People in the lowest quintile for income spent more time in transport-related PA and less time sitting. However, physical inactivity prevalence during leisure and work time were higher in people with lower income.

https://doi.org/10.4067/s0034-98872021001001450

13.

Fuerza de prensión manual y calidad de vida en personas mayores autovalentes
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Salas-Flores, Mario

; Herrera-Melo, Javiera

; Diaz, Ximena

; Cigarroa, Igor

; Concha-Cisternas, Yeny

Revista Cubana de Medicina Militar

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sep 2021, Volume 50 N. 3 elocation e1328

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

RESUMEN Introducción: Durante el envejecimiento se observa involución de algunos sistemas corporales. Entre estos cambios, los que afectan al sistema osteomuscular como la sarcopenia y la debilidad muscular, pueden alterar el desarrollo de actividades de la vida diaria, y por lo tanto, afectar la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud. Objetivo: Determinar la relación entre la fuerza de prensión manual y la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud en personas mayores. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo, correlacional. Evaluó 79 personas mayores (63 mujeres y 16 hombres) entre 65 y 78 años, de tres organizaciones sociales de la ciudad de Talca, Chile, seleccionados a través de un muestreo no probabilístico por conveniencia. Para medir la fuerza de prensión manual se utilizó un dinamómetro de mano y el cuestionario SF-36 fue usado para valorar la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud. Resultados: Se observaron relaciones significativas entre la fuerza de prensión manual y las dimensiones de la calidad de vida función física (p = 0,03; r = 0,76), dolor corporal (p = 0,01; r = 0,44) y salud general (p = 0,05; r = 0,48). Conclusiones: Existe relación entre la fuerza de prensión manual y tres dimensiones de la calidad de vida relacionada con la salud de personas mayores. Estos hallazgos corroboran la relevancia de evaluar la fuerza muscular en personas mayores como un marcador de salud y calidad de vida en estas.

ABSTRACT Introduction: During aging, involution of some body systems is observed. Among these changes, those that affect the musculoskeletal system such as sarcopenia and muscle weakness can alter the development of activities of daily life, and therefore affect health-related quality of life. Objective: to determine the relationship between hand grip strength and quality of life in elderly. Methods: Cross-sectional study. A total of 79 elderly (63 women and 13 men) between 65 and 78 years of age from three social organizations of Talca, Chile was included. A non-probabilistic convenience sample was used. To measure manual grip strength and the SF-36 questionnaire was used. Results: Significant relationships between hand grip strength and dimensions of quality of life, physical function (p = 0,03; r = 0,76), body pain (p = 0,01; r = 0,44) and general health (p = 0,05; r = 0,48) were observed. Conclusions: There is a relationship between hand grip strength and three measurements of quality of life in elderly. These findings corroborate the relevance of evaluating muscle strength in older people as a marker of health and quality of life in elderly.

14.

Nivel de actividad física en personas mayores chilenas que han sufrido caídas
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Concha-Cisternas, Yeny

; Leiva-Ordoñez, Ana María

; Troncoso-Pantoja, Claudia

; Martínez-Sanguinetti, María Adela

; Cigarroa, Igor

; Lasserre-Laso, Nicole

; Matus-Castillo, Carlos

; Ulloa, Natalia

; Nazar, Gabriela

; Diaz-Martínez, Ximena

; Garrido-Méndez, Alex

; Petermann-Rocha, Fanny

; Celis-Morales, ConchaCarlos

Revista chilena de nutrición

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aug 2021, Volume 48 N. 4 Pages 483 - 489

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

ABSTRACT Background: Falls among older adults are associated with important changes in lifestyle. However, there is no evidence about the physical activity levels of older adults who have experienced falls. The aim of this study, therefore, was to describe physical activity levels in older adults who have experienced falls in the last 12 months. Methods: 1,254 older adults (aged ≥60 years) from the National Health Survey 2009-2010 were included in this study. Number of falls during the last 12 months was self-reported and physical activity was measured using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). The association between falls and physical activity was investigated using regression analyses. Results: 70.5% [95% CI: 68.0; 72.8] of the older adults included in this study did not report any falls during the last 12 months. However, 19.4% [95% CI: 17.4; 21.5] reported 1-2 falls and 10% [95% CI: 8.4; 11.8] reported ≥3 falls in the last 12 months. In comparison to those who reported no falls, those who experienced ≥3 falls in the last 12 months did 79.2 fewer minutes/day of physical activity. Similar results were found for moderate and transport-related physical activity, but no associations were found for vigorous or sedentary behaviours. Conclusion: Older adults who suffered falls in the last 12 months reported doing less physical activity than their counterparts who did not experience any falls. In the middle and long term, these changes in physical activity could contribute to adverse health outcomes in an already frail population.

RESUMEN Antecedentes: Las caídas limitan las actividades de la vida diaria. Actualmente se desconoce cómo los niveles de actividad física (AF) varían luego de sufrir una caída. Objetivo: investigar los niveles de práctica de actividad física de personas mayores que han reportado caídas en los últimos 12 meses. Métodos: Se incluyeron 1.254 participantes ≥ 60 años de Encuesta Nacional de Salud (ENS) 2009-2010. La prevalencia de caídas en los últimos 12 meses se determinó mediante auto reporte. Los niveles de AF y el tiempo sedente se determinaron a través del cuestionario Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ). La asociación entre caídas y AF fue investigada mediante regresión lineal. Resultados: El 70,5% [95% IC: 68,0; 72,8] de las personas mayores no reportaron caídas, mientras que un 19,4% [95% IC: 17,4; 21,5] reportó haber sufrido entre 1-2 caídas y un 10% [95% IC: 8,4; 11,8] ≥3 caídas en los últimos 12 meses. En comparación al grupo que reportó no sufrir caídas, aquellos que sufrieron ≥3 caídas realizaban 79,2 minutos menos de AF total/día. Resultados similares fueron observados para AF de transporte y AF moderada. No se encontraron diferencias para tiempo sedente o AF vigorosa. Conclusión: Personas mayores que sufrieron caídas en los últimos 12 meses reportaron realizar menos actividad física que sus contrapartes que no experimentaron caídas. A mediano y largo plazo, estos cambios en la actividad física podrían contribuir a resultados de salud adversos en una población.

15.

¿Cuál es la asociación entre actividad física, sedentarismo y riesgo de desarrollar cáncer en población adulta? Una revisión de la literatura
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Parra-Soto, Solange

; Martínez-Sanguinetti, María Adela

; Cigarroa, Igor

; Diaz-Martínez, Ximena

; Matus-Castillo, Carlos

; Garrido-Méndez, Alex

; Concha-Cisternas, Yeny

; Ferrari, Gerson

; Vásquez-Gómez, Jaime

; Castillo-Retamal, Marcelo

; Petermann-Rocha, Fanny

; Celis-Morales, Carlos

Revista chilena de nutrición

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apr 2021, Volume 48 N. 2 Pages 245 - 254

Abstract: En Es | Text: En Es | PDF: En | PDF: Es

ABSTRACT Regular physical activity (PA) has been associated with important metabolic benefits, as well as a decreased risk of developing some types of cancer. The objective of this scoping review is to synthesize the existing scientific evidence on the association of PA levels and the risk of developing cancer. This will allow a better orientation to future public policies aimed at increasing PA levels in the Chilean population. We searched for the latest global and national reports on PA and cancer as well as scientific databases (Pubmed, Web of Sciences, Scopus, Medline, Scielo and Google Scholar) using the following keywords: “exercise”, “neoplasms”, “cancer”, “colorectal”, “breast”, “endometrium”, “physical activity”, “exercise”, “sedentary lifestyle” and “sports”. Our review supports the protective association between PA and a lower risk of several cancers including colorectal, breast and endometrial cancer. However, more research is still needed to elucidate the role of PA on the risk for other common cancers.

RESUMEN La práctica regular de actividad física (AF) ha sido asociada a importantes beneficios metabólicos, como también a la disminución del riesgo de desarrollar algunos tipos de cáncer. El objetivo de esta revisión especial es sintetizar la evidencia científica existente sobre la asociación de los niveles de AF y el riesgo de desarrollar cáncer. Esto permitirá una mejor orientación a futuras políticas públicas destinada a aumentar los niveles de AF en la población chilena. Se buscaron los últimos reportes mundiales y nacionales sobre AF y cáncer en conjunto con una búsqueda de artículos científicos en las bases de datos de Pubmed, Web of Sciences, Scopus, Medline, Scielo y Google Scholar utilizando las siguientes palabras claves: “Exercise», «Neoplasms», “Cancer”, “Colorectal”, “Breast”, “Endometrium”, “Physical activity”, “Exercise”, “Sedentary” and “Sports”. Esta revisión entrega evidencia sobre la asociación de la AF con un menor riesgo de múltiples tipos de cáncer, incluyendo cáncer colorrectal, mama y endometrio, pero aún se necesita más investigación con relación a la asociación entre AF y otros tipos de cáncer.

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