RESUMO Objetivo. Estratificar as áreas com risco de transmissão de sarampo no estado do Rio de Janeiro, utilizando a ferramenta de avaliação de risco desenvolvida pela Organização Mundial da Saúde e pelos Centros de Controle e Prevenção de Doenças dos Estados Unidos, com adaptações para o contexto regional. Métodos. Estudo ecológico cujas unidades de análise foram municípios do estado do Rio de Janeiro. Avaliou-se o risco global de transmissão do sarampo com base nas pontuações de indicadores agrupados em quatro categorias: vacinação, avaliação de ameaças, qualidade dos serviços de saúde e condições de vida. Depois de somar e normalizar as pontuações em cada categoria, os dados foram ponderados para gerar o índice de risco. Os percentis de 20%, 60% e 90% foram usados como pontos de corte para classificar os municípios como de baixo, médio, alto e muito alto risco. Para avaliar o desempenho do índice do risco de transmissão do sarampo, foi feita uma análise de sobreposição espacial dos casos registrados no período epidêmico de 2018 a 2020. Resultados. Foi observado um aumento progressivo nas taxas de incidência do sarampo nos municípios, que correspondia ao risco crescente de transmissão em diferentes estratos. Cerca de 97% dos casos ocorreram em municípios classificados como de alto ou muito alto risco, situados principalmente na região metropolitana do estado. Conclusão. Dado o potencial risco de transmissão do sarampo durante o período pós-eliminação, nossos resultados reforçam a importância de desenvolver e implementar ferramentas para identificar áreas prioritárias para a vigilância. A análise de sobreposição espacial dos casos indicou a eficácia do método na identificação de vulnerabilidades associadas à transmissão que não uma baixa cobertura vacinal, como condições de vida precárias e má qualidade dos serviços de saúde.

RESUMEN Objetivo. Estratificar las zonas que presentan riesgo de transmisión del sarampión en el estado de Río de Janeiro mediante la herramienta de evaluación del riesgo elaborada por la Organización Mundial de la Salud y los Centros para el Control y la Prevención de Enfermedades, con las debidas adaptaciones al contexto regional. Métodos. Para este estudio ecológico se tomaron como unidades de análisis los municipios del estado de Río de Janeiro. El riesgo general de transmisión del sarampión se evaluó mediante las puntuaciones de los indicadores agrupados en cuatro categorías: vacunación, evaluación de amenazas, calidad de los servicios de atención de salud y condiciones de vida. Después de sumar y estandarizar las puntuaciones de cada categoría, se aplicó una ponderación para obtener el índice de riesgo. Se usaron los percentiles 20, 60 y 90 como puntos de corte para clasificar los municipios como de riesgo bajo, mediano, alto y muy alto. Para evaluar el desempeño del índice de riesgo de transmisión del sarampión, se realizó una superposición espacial con los casos notificados en el periodo epidémico 2018-2020. Resultados. Se observó un aumento progresivo de las tasas de incidencia de casos de sarampión en todos los municipios, que correspondía a un incremento del riesgo de transmisión en los diferentes estratos. Alrededor del 97% de los casos de sarampión se produjeron en municipios clasificados como de riesgo alto o muy alto, ubicados en su mayor parte en la región metropolitana del estado. Conclusión. Dado el posible riesgo de transmisión del sarampión durante el periodo posterior a la eliminación, nuestros resultados destacan la importancia de diseñar y aplicar herramientas para determinar las zonas en las que la vigilancia debe ser prioritaria. La superposición espacial indicó la efectividad del método para detectar vulnerabilidades asociadas a la transmisión que se deben a factores distintos de la baja cobertura vacunal, como la precariedad de las condiciones de vida y la mala calidad de los servicios de atención de salud.

ABSTRACT Objective. To stratify areas at risk of measles transmission in the state of Rio de Janeiro, using the risk assessment tool developed by the World Health Organization and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, with adaptations to the regional context. Methods. This ecological study used municipalities of Rio de Janeiro state as the units of analysis. The overall risk of measles transmission was evaluated based on the scores of indicators grouped into four categories: vaccination, threat assessment, quality of health care services, and living conditions. After summing and normalizing the scores for each category, weights were assigned to obtain the risk index. The 20%, 60%, and 90% centiles were used to establish cut-off points, classifying municipalities as low risk, medium risk, high risk, and very high risk. To evaluate the performance of the measles transmission risk index, a spatial overlay was performed with the cases reported in the epidemic period 2018–2020. Results. A progressive increase in incidence rates of measles cases was observed across municipalities, corresponding to escalating transmission risk in different strata. About 97% of measles cases occurred in municipalities classified as high or very high risk, primarily located in the state’s metropolitan region. Conclusion. Given the potential risk of measles transmission during the post-elimination period, our findings reinforce the importance of developing and implementing tools to identify priority areas for surveillance. The spatial overlay indicated the method’s effectiveness in identifying vulnerabilities associated with transmission other than low vaccine coverage, such as precarious living conditions and poor quality of health care services.

Objectives: To study the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 on the routine of patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and changes in symptoms and suicidal-related behavior, mainly in those with cleaning symptoms. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 58 patients completed an online self-report questionnaire that included the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised, Coronavirus Stress and Traumatic Events Scale, Coronavirus Health Impact Survey, Beck Anxiety and Beck Depression inventories, and Suicide-Related Behaviors Questionnaire. Comparisons were made with another pre-pandemic sample (n=524) regarding the last three measures. Results: During the pandemic, the patients spent more days inside their homes (χ2 = 33.39, p = 0.007), changed their alcohol consumption patterns (χ2 = 87.6, p < 0.001), and increased social media usage (χ2 = 68.83, p < 0.001). Participants with cleaning symptoms did not significantly differ from the others in relation to stress, anxiety/depressive symptoms, or suicidal-related behaviors. Finally, our sample did not differ from an equivalent OCD sample assessed before the pandemic in terms of anxiety and depressive symptom severity or suicidal-related behaviors. Conclusion: Overall, patients with OCD showed no lifestyle changes associated with higher stress levels during the pandemic. Patients with and without cleaning symptoms and patients before and during the pandemic presented similar results. Objectives 201 obsessivecompulsive obsessive compulsive (OCD suicidalrelated suicidal related behavior Methods crosssectional cross sectional 5 selfreport self report ObsessiveCompulsive Obsessive Compulsive InventoryRevised, InventoryRevised Inventory Revised, Revised Inventory-Revised Scale Survey inventories SuicideRelated Suicide Related Questionnaire prepandemic pre n=524 n524 n 524 (n=524 measures Results χ2 χ (χ 3339 33 39 33.39 0.007, 0007 0.007 , 0 007 0.007) 876 87 6 87.6 0.001, 0001 0.001 001 0.001) 6883 68 83 68.83 0.001. . anxietydepressive behaviors Finally Conclusion Overall results 20 n=52 n52 52 (n=52 333 3 33.3 000 0.00 00 8 87. 688 68.8 2 n=5 n5 (n=5 33. 0.0 68. n= (n= 0. (n

ABSTRACT Objective: The risk of malignancy and diagnostic accuracy of fine-needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) of thyroid nodules (TN) with diameters ≥ 3-4 cm remains controversial. However, some groups have indicated surgical treatment in these patients regardless of the FNAB results. We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of the FNAB in systematically resected ≥4 cm TN and if the risk of malignancy is higher in these patients. Subjects and methods: We retrospectively evaluated 138 patients (142 nodules) with TN with diameters ≥4 cm who underwent thyroidectomy. Results: The FNAB results were nondiagnostic/unsatisfactory (ND/UNS) in 2.1% of the cases and benign in 51.4%. They indicated atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance (AUS/FLUS) in 23.9% of cases, follicular neoplasia/suspicious for a follicular neoplasm (FN/SFN) in 9.2%, suspicion of malignancy (SUS) in 8.5%, and malignant in 4.9%. The histopathological analysis after thyroidectomy revealed a thyroid cancer rate of 100% in the FNABs classified as malignant, 33.3% in SUS cases, 7.7% in FN/SFN, 17.6% in AUS/FLUS, and 4.1% in benign FNABs. None of the ND/UNS FNABs were malignant. The global malignancy diagnosis was 14.8% (n = 21). However, the rate of false negatives for FNAB was low (4.1%). Conclusion: We showed that the risk of malignancy in nodules with diameters ≥4 cm was higher compared to the risk of thyroid cancer in TN in general. However, we found a low rate of false-negative cytological results; therefore, our data do not justify the orientation of routine resection for these larger nodules. Objective fineneedle fine needle (FNAB (TN 34 3 4 3- controversial However methods 13 142 (14 Results nondiagnosticunsatisfactory nondiagnostic unsatisfactory NDUNS ND UNS (ND/UNS 21 2 1 2.1 514 51 51.4% significancefollicular AUS/FLUS AUSFLUS AUS FLUS (AUS/FLUS 239 23 9 23.9 neoplasiasuspicious neoplasia suspicious FN/SFN FNSFN FN SFN (FN/SFN 92 9.2% (SUS 85 8 5 8.5% 49 4.9% 100 333 33 33.3 77 7 7.7 176 17 6 17.6 41 4.1 148 14 14.8 n 21. . 21) 4.1%. (4.1%) Conclusion general falsenegative negative therefore (1 2. 51.4 23. 9.2 8.5 4.9 10 33. 7. 17. 4. 14. (4.1% ( 51. 9. 8. (4.1 (4. (4

ABSTRACT Objectives The presence of thyroglobulin (Tg) in needle washouts of fine needle aspiration biopsy (Tg-FNAB) in neck lymph nodes (LNs) suspected of metastasis has become a cornerstone in the follow-up of patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC). However, there are limited data regarding the measurement of anti-Tg antibodies in these washouts (TgAb-FNAB), and it is not clear whether these antibodies interfere with the assessment of Tg-FNAB or whether there are other factors that would more consistently justify the finding of low Tg-FNAB in metastatic LNs. Materials and methods We investigated 232 FNAB samples obtained from suspicious neck LNs of 144 PTC patients. These samples were divided according to the patient’s serum TgAb status: sTgAb- (n = 203 samples) and sTgAb+ (n = 29). The TgAb-FNAB levels were measured using two different assays. Tg-FNAB was also measured using two assays when low levels (< 10 ng/mL) were identified in the first assay of the metastatic LNs from the sTgAb+ samples. Results The TgAb-FNAB results were negative in both assays in all samples. Low levels of Tg-FNAB were identified in 11/16 of the metastatic LNs of the sTgAb+ patients and 16/63 of the sTgAb- patients (p < 0.05) using assay 1. The measurement of the Tg-FNAB levels using assay 2 indicated additional metastases in 5 LNs of the sTgAb+ patients. Conclusions Factors other than the presence of TgAb-FNAB may contribute to the higher number of metastatic LNs with undetectable Tg-FNAB in the sTgAb+ group. In addition, the measurement of Tg-FNAB using different assays was useful to enhance the diagnosis of metastatic LNs, particularly when cytological and Tg-FNAB results are discordant.

The actinomycete strain BRA 177 was recovered from sediment samples collected at the St. Peter and St. Paul Archipelago, Brazil. This work accessed the ability of this strain, identified as Actinomadura sp., to produce bioactive metabolites by exploring the genome and characterizing chemistry and cytotoxicity of isolated compounds. From the crude ethyl acetate extract, the pigments nonylprodigiosin, cyclononylprodigiosin and methylcyclooctilprodigiosin were isolated and displayed cytotoxicity against human tumor and non-tumor cell lines. Sequencing, assembling and prospection of BRA 177 draft genome led to identification of two contigs encoding enzymes with high homology to those from prodiginine biosynthetic gene clusters (BGC) in actinomycetes. Further, Actinomadura sp. BGC presented unique putatives RedJ thioesterase and RedL-like type I PKS, involved on selection of prodiginine biosynthetic fatty acyl precursor, and RedG-like Rieske oxygenase, key for cyclization of the prodiginines, suggesting that cyclononilprodigiosin and methylcyclooctylprodigiosin could actually be considered chemical signatures of Actinomadura spp.

La hepatitis B es un factor de riesgo importante para los estudiantes en el área de la salud, ya que mantienen un contacto permanente con los pacientes a través de actividades prácticas en los centros de salud. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo verificar el estado de vacunación de los estudiantes y describir el conocimiento que estos tienen sobre la forma de contagio de la hepatitis B. Se trata de una encuesta de vacunación llevado a cabo en la Universidad Federal de São João del Rei (UFSJ). Se aplicaron 392 cuestionarios y se evaluó el estado de vacunación. Los datos se procesaron mediante el EPI-INFO 6.0. El análisis reveló que el 51,2% de los estudiantes tuvieron un curso completo de la hepatitis B. Entre los encuestados, el 53,1% informó haber tenido contacto con materiales cortopunzantes y el 4,1% de ellos sufrió lesiones en sus prácticas, el 91,3% demostró tener conocimiento de la infección a través de materiales cortopunzantes y el 6,6% admitieron no saber las formas de transmisión de la enfermedad. Los estudiantes del área de la salud de la UFSJ no están adecuadamente inmunizados contra esta enfermedad y más de la mitad de ellos tenían contacto con objetos cortopunzantes, lo cual demuestra la vulnerabilidad de los estudiantes durante la práctica de enseñanza-aprendizaje.

A hepatite B é um importante fator de risco para estudantes da área da saúde, pois estes mantêm um contacto permanente com pacientes por meio de atividades práticas em estabelecimentos de saúde. Este estudo objetivou verificar a situação vacinal dos estudantes da saúde e descrever o conhecimento destes sobre a forma de contágio da hepatite B. Trata-se de um inquérito vacinal realizado na Universidade Federal de São João Del Rei (UFSJ). Foram aplicados 392 questionários e avaliada a situação vacinal. Os dados foram processados no EPI-INFO 6.0. A análise apontou que 51,2% dos estudantes tinham o esquema completo da hepatite B. Entre os entrevistados, 53,1% relataram que tiveram contacto com material perfurocortante, sendo que 4,1% deles sofreram acidentes em suas práticas; 91,3% demonstraram ter o conhecimento do contágio através de materiais perfurocortantes; e 6,6% afirmaram desconhecer as formas de transmissão da doença. Os graduandos de saúde da UFSJ não estão adequadamente imunizados contra esse agravo e mais de metade deles tiveram contacto com perfurocortantes, o que expõe a vulnerabilidade dos estudantes na prática de ensino.

Hepatitis B is an important risk factor for healthcare students, because they are in permanent contact with patients through practical activities in healthcare facilities. The aim of this study was to verify the immunization status of healthcare students and describe their knowledge of the spread of hepatitis B. An immunization survey was conducted at the Federal University of São João Del Rei (UFSJ) in 2010. 392 questionnaires were administered to assess vaccination status. The data were processed using EpiData 3.1 and Epi Info 6.0. Analysis of vaccination status showed that 51.2% of students had had a complete course of hepatitis B vaccination. Among the respondents, 53.1% reported having had contact with perforating or cutting equipment, and 4.1% had suffered injuries during clinical practice, 91.3% demonstrated knowledge of contagion through cutting and piercing materials, while 6.6% reported not knowing the modes of transmission of the disease. Healthcare students of UFSJ are not adequately immunized against hepatitis B, and more than half have had contact with cutting or perforating equipment that exposes them to vulnerability during their education.

Neste trabalho foi proposto um método de análise em fluxo por multicomutação para a determinação de amoxicilina em formulações farmacêuticas. O método proposto é baseado na reação de diazotização da o-nitroanilina com amoxicilina em meio alcalino, produzindo um composto amarelo que foi monitorado em 435 nm. As características do método foram: faixa linear de 25 até 400 mg L-1 de amoxicilina, limite de detecção de 5,1 mg L-1, frequência analítica de 50 determinações por hora e desvio padrão relativo inferior a 3,9% (n = 10) para uma amostra típica de 100 mg L-1 amoxicilina. Para verificar a exatidão do método, as amostras foram analisadas empregando um método independente e aplicando-se o teste-t pareado não houve diferença significativa no nível de confiança de 95%.

A multicommuted flow analysis method for the spectrophotometric determination of amoxicillin in pharmaceutical formulations is reported. The proposed method is based on the reaction of diazotised o-nitroaniline with amoxicillin in an alkaline medium, producing a yellow compound that was monitored at 435 nm. The main features of the method were: a linear relationship with amoxicillin concentration ranging from 25 to 400 mg L-1; a detection limit of 5.1 mg L-1; an analytical throughput of 50 determinations per hour; and a relative standard deviation lower than 3.9% for a typical amoxicillin sample with concentration of 100 mg L-1 (n = 10). To verify the accuracy of the method, samples were also analyzed employing an independent method, and applying the paired t-test to the results no significant difference at the 95% confidence level was observed.

O presente trabalho apresenta o estudo sobre 16 HPAs prioritários em material particulado atmosférico de três sítios próximos a Salvador-BA: (i) Estação da Lapa, estação de ônibus da Região Metropolitana de Salvador; (ii) Porto de Aratu, impactado por intenso movimento de matérias-primas e (iii) Bananeira, localizado na Ilha de Maré, vilarejo que tem como principais atividades a pesca e artesanato. Resultados mostraram que o BbF (0,130-6,85 ng m-3) foi o HPA com as concentrações mais elevadas em Aratu e Bananeira e CRY (0,075-6,85 ng m-3) apresentou nível mais elevado na Lapa. As fontes de HPAs nos sítios estudados foram principalmente de origem antrópica, tais como veículos de pequeno e grande portes, carregamentos do porto, ressuspensão de partículas do solo, queima de diesel das embarcações e a queima de carvão e madeira para produção de energia.

The present work has aimed to determine the 16 US EPA priority PAH atmospheric particulate matter levels present in three sites around Salvador, Bahia: (i) Lapa bus station, strongly impacted by heavy-duty diesel vehicles; (ii) Aratu harbor, impacted by an intense movement of goods, and (iii) Bananeira village on Maré Island, a non vehicle-influenced site with activities such as handcraft work and fisheries. Results indicated that BbF (0.130-6.85 ng m-3) is the PAH with highest concentration in samples from Aratu harbor and Bananeira and CRY (0.075-6.85 ng m-3) presented higher concentrations at Lapa station. PAH sources from studied sites were mainly of anthropogenic origin such as gasoline-fueled light-duty vehicles and diesel-fueled heavy-duty vehicles, discharges in the port, diesel burning from ships, dust ressuspension, indoor soot from cooking, and coal and wood combustion for energy production.

O presente artigo mostra a distribuição espacial da esquistossomose, correlacionando focos de caramujos com os casos humanos, por meio de análise espacial. As localidades estudadas foram Merepe III, Pantanal, Salinas e Socó, que representam 70% da área habitada de Porto de Galinhas. No inquérito realizado em 2000, foram identificados 15 focos do vetor Biomphalaria glabrata; os casos humanos foram diagnosticados e registrados por quarteirão de residência. A análise espacial foi realizada no programa TerraView, utilizando-se o estimador de intensidade kernel. Com relação aos focos de moluscos vetores, as taxas de infecção total variaram entre 15% e 32,4%. Os resultados da análise indicam a existência de uma forte tendência espacial para o risco de transmissão nas localidades de Salinas e Socó. Em Merepe, ocorreu o maior número de focos, mas as taxas de infecção dos moluscos foram as mais baixas e a análise espacial evidenciou menor concentração de risco em relação às outras localidades estudadas. Com relação aos casos humanos, observaram-se duas áreas em que os aglomerados de maior intensidade são representados por tons mais escuros.

This article provides information on the spatial distribution of schistosomiasis, correlating snail foci with human cases using spatial analysis. The locations studied were Merepe III, Pantanal, Salinas, and Socó, comprising 70% of the populated area of Porto de Galinhas. Malacological and parasitological surveys by a CPqAM/ FIOCRUZ team at the location where an epidemic occurred in 2000 identified 15 foci of infected B. glabrata. Human cases were also diagnosed and recorded according to residential block. Spatial analysis was performed using the TerraView computer program and Kernel intensity estimation. Total infection rates, considering all collection stations marked out per location, varied from 15% to 32.4%. The 15 infected B. glabrata foci included 9 in Merepe, 2 in Socó, 3 in Salinas, and 1 in Pantanal. The results suggest a strong spatial trend in the risk of schistosomiais transmission in Salinas and Socó. In Merepe, with the most foci and where foci were closer together, individual focal infection rates were lower. Spatial analysis thus showed less concentration of risk as compared to other locations studied. As for human cases, two high-intensity areas were observed, shown on the map in darker colors.

O presente artigo mostra a distribuição espacial da esquistossomose, correlacionando focos de caramujos com os casos humanos, por meio de análise espacial. As localidades estudadas foram Merepe III, Pantanal, Salinas e Socó, que representam 70% da área habitada de Porto de Galinhas. No inquérito realizado em 2000, foram identificados 15 focos do vetor Biomphalaria glabrata; os casos humanos foram diagnosticados e registrados por quarteirão de residência. A análise espacial foi realizada no programa TerraView, utilizando-se o estimador de intensidade kernel. Com relação aos focos de moluscos vetores, as taxas de infecção total variaram entre 15% e 32,4%. Os resultados da análise indicam a existência de uma forte tendência espacial para o risco de transmissão nas localidades de Salinas e Socó. Em Merepe, ocorreu o maior número de focos, mas as taxas de infecção dos moluscos foram as mais baixas e a análise espacial evidenciou menor concentração de risco em relação às outras localidades estudadas. Com relação aos casos humanos, observaram-se duas áreas em que os aglomerados de maior intensidade são representados por tons mais escuros.

This article provides information on the spatial distribution of schistosomiasis, correlating snail foci with human cases using spatial analysis. The locations studied were Merepe III, Pantanal, Salinas, and Socó, comprising 70% of the populated area of Porto de Galinhas. Malacological and parasitological surveys by a CPqAM/ FIOCRUZ team at the location where an epidemic occurred in 2000 identified 15 foci of infected B. glabrata. Human cases were also diagnosed and recorded according to residential block. Spatial analysis was performed using the TerraView computer program and Kernel intensity estimation. Total infection rates, considering all collection stations marked out per location, varied from 15% to 32.4%. The 15 infected B. glabrata foci included 9 in Merepe, 2 in Socó, 3 in Salinas, and 1 in Pantanal. The results suggest a strong spatial trend in the risk of schistosomiais transmission in Salinas and Socó. In Merepe, with the most foci and where foci were closer together, individual focal infection rates were lower. Spatial analysis thus showed less concentration of risk as compared to other locations studied. As for human cases, two high-intensity areas were observed, shown on the map in darker colors.

The work describes a new procedure for cetylpyridinium chloride determination in oral disinfectants, based on a flow-injection system with potentiometric detection. The determination was based on the measurement of picrate concentration decrease as result of ion-pair reaction with the analyte present in the injected sample. In the optimised set-up the sample injection volume was kept at 400 µL and merged downstream with the reagent solution containing 1,0 x10-5 mol/L of picrate adjusted to pH 5.0 with citrate/citric acid buffer. The flow rate was fixed at 8 mL/min and the reactor length at 40 cm. The proposed procedure enables the determination of cetylpyridinium in the analytical range of 5,0x10-6 - 7,5x10-5 mol/L at a sampling rate of 60/h. The results for real samples had a precision better than 3% and were comparable to the labelled values.