Abstract Introduction Periodontitis is a major public health problem. Although the principle of periodontitis therapy is mainly focused on removing dental biofilm and associated factors, its physiopathology enrolls different molecular and inflammatory events related to the host immune system, as the participation of the endocannabinoid system. Objective This review aimed to explore and elucidate the mechanisms and roles of the endocannabinoid system on periodontitis physiopathology and its possibilities for future related therapies. Material and method An electronic search was carried out on the PubMed platform for studies involving the action of the endocannabinoid system on periodontitis. Result Nineteen clinical and preclinical studies were included in this narrative review. Conclusion Cannabinoid receptors type 1 and 2 are integral components of the endocannabinoid system, manifesting in various forms in the periodontal tissues. The actions and mechanisms through which cannabinoid receptors are activated in healthy or inflamed sites remain the focus of ongoing investigations. Moreover, phytocannabinoids and synthetic cannabinoids show therapeutic potential, with pre-clinical studies indicating benefits in reducing inflammation and facilitating tissue repair.

Resumo Introdução A periodontite é um importante problema de saúde pública. Embora o princípio da terapia da periodontite esteja focado principalmente na remoção do biofilme dental e dos fatores associados, sua fisiopatologia registra diferentes eventos moleculares e inflamatórios relacionados ao sistema imunológico do hospedeiro, como a participação do sistema endocanabinoide. Objetivo Esta revisão teve como objetivo explorar e elucidar os mecanismos e papéis do sistema endocanabinoide na fisiopatologia da periodontite e suas possibilidades para futuras terapias relacionadas. Material e método Realizou-se uma busca eletrônica na plataforma PubMed por estudos envolvendo a ação do sistema endocanabinoide sobre a periodontite. Resultado Dezenove estudos clínicos e pré-clínicos foram incluídos nesta revisão narrativa. Conclusão Os receptores canabinoides tipo 1 e 2 são componentes integrais do sistema endocanabinoide e manifestam-se de várias formas nos tecidos periodontais. As ações e mecanismos através dos quais os receptores canabinoides são ativados em locais saudáveis ou inflamados continuam a ser o foco de investigações em curso. Além disso, os fitocanabinoides e canabinoides sintéticos apresentam potencial como tratamentos, com estudos pré-clínicos indicando benefícios na redução da inflamação e na facilitação da reparação dos tecidos.

Abstract In the last decades, Periodontal Regeneration has been one of the most discussed topics in Periodontics, attracting the attention of researchers and clinicians. This can be justified by the evident and continuous progress observed in the field, characterized by a better understanding of the biological mechanisms involved, significant improvement of operative and technical principles, and the emergence of a wide range of biomaterials available for this purpose. Together, these aspects put the theme much in evidence in the search for functional and esthetic therapeutic solutions for periodontal tissue destruction. Despite the evident evolution, periodontal regeneration may be challenging and require the clinician to carefully evaluate each case before making a therapeutic decision. With a critical reassessment of the clinical and preclinical literature, the present study aimed to discuss the topic to answer whether Periodontal Regeneration is still a goal in clinical periodontology. The main aspects involved in the probability of success or failure of regenerative approaches were considered. A greater focus was given to intrabony and furcation defects, clinical conditions with greater therapeutic predictability. Aspects such as more appropriate materials/approaches, long-term benefits and their justification for a higher initial cost were discussed for each condition. In general, deep intrabony defects associated with residual pockets and buccal/lingual class II furcation lesions have predictable and clinically relevant results. Careful selection of the case (based on patient and defect characteristics) and excellent maintenance are essential conditions to ensure initial and long-term success.

Resumo Este estudo avaliou por microtomografia computadorizada (μCT) a capacidade de preenchimento de canais radiculares curvos, além do escoamento dos cimentos AH Plus (AHP) e Neo MTA Plus (NMTAP) utilizando diferentes metodologias. Foram selecionadas raízes mesiais de molares inferiores com dois canais radiculares e grau de curvatura entre 20° e 40°. As amostras foram preparadas com o sistema ProDesign R até o tamanho 35.05 e foram obturadas com os cimentos por uma técnica de onda contínua de condensação, Thermo Pack II (n=12). Os dentes foram escaneados usando μCT após o preparo e obturação do canal radicular. A porcentagem volumétrica de material de preenchimento e vazios foram calculados. O escoamento foi avaliado com base na norma ISO 6876/2012 (n=10). O escoamento e o preenchimento também foram avaliados em μCT usando uma placa de vidro com uma cavidade central e quatro canaletas a partir da cavidade central (n=6). O escoamento foi calculado linearmente nas canaletas. O preenchimento da cavidade central (PCC) e o preenchimento da cavidade lateral (PCL) foram calculados em mm³. Os dados foram submetidos ao teste t não pareado com nível de significância de 5%. A porcentagem de preenchimento e vazios entre os canais radiculares preenchidos com AHP ou NMTAP foi semelhante (p>0,05). NMTAP apresentou o menor escoamento no teste convencional (p<0,05). Utilizando μCT, os cimentos apresentaram PCC, PCL e escoamento linear semelhantes (p>0,05). Em conclusão, NMTAP e AHP apresentaram capacidade de preenchimento semelhante em canais mesiais curvos de molares inferiores sem presença de istmo. Embora o AHP tenha apresentado melhor escoamento que o NMTAP usando a metodologia ISO, não houve diferença entre esses materiais em relação ao preenchimento volumétrico quando avaliados por μCT.

Abstract This study evaluated by micro-computed tomography (μCT) the filling ability in curved root canals, besides the flow of AH Plus (AHP) and Neo MTA Plus (NMTAP) sealers using different methodologies. Mandibular molars mesial roots with two root canals and degree of curvature between 20° and 40° were selected. The specimens were prepared with the ProDesign R system up to size 35.05 and were filled with the sealers by a continuous wave of condensation technique, Thermo Pack II (n=12). The teeth were scanned using μCT after root canal preparation and obturation. The volumetric percentage of filling material and voids were calculated. Flow was evaluated based on ISO 6876/2012 (n=10). Flow and filling were also evaluated in μCT using a glass plate with a central cavity and four grooves from the central cavity (n=6). Flow was linearly calculated into the grooves. The central cavity filling (CCF) and lateral cavity filling (LCF) were calculated in mm³. Data were submitted to non-paired t test with a significance threshold at 5%. The percentage of filling and voids between the root canals filled with AHP or NMTAP was similar (p>0.05). NMTAP presented the lowest flow in conventional test (p<0.05). Using μCT, sealers had similar CCF, LCF and linear flow (p>0.05). In conclusion, NMTAP and AHP had similar filling ability in curved mesial root canals of mandibular molars without presence of isthmus. Although AHP presented better flow than NMTAP using ISO methodology, there was no difference between these materials regarding volumetric filling when evaluated by μCT.

Abstract Objective To compare two corticotomy surgical protocols in rats to verify whether they alter conventional orthodontic movement. Methodology Sixty Wistar rats were divided into three groups – orthodontic movement (CG), orthodontic movement and corticotomy (G1) and orthodontic movement with corticotomy and decortication (G2) – and euthanized after 7 and 14 days. Tooth movement (mm), bone volume fraction and bone volume ratio to total volume (BV/TV), and bone mineral density (BMD) were evaluated by micro-CT. The total amount of bone was measured in square millimeters and expressed as the percentage of bone area in the histomorphometry. The number of positive TRAP cells and RANK/RANKL/OPG interaction were also investigated. Results Day 14 showed a statistically significant difference in orthodontic tooth movement in CG compared with G1 (7.52 mm; p=0.009) and G2 (7.36 mm; p=0.016). A micro-CT analysis revealed a difference between CG, G1 and G2 regarding BV/TV, with G1 and G2 presenting a lower BV/TV ratio at 14 days (0.77 and 0.73 respectively); we found no statistically significant differences regarding BMD. There was a difference in the total amount of bone in the CG group between 7 and 14 days. At 14 days, CG presented a significantly higher bone percentage than G1 and G2. Regarding TRAP, G2 had more positive cells at 7 and 14 days compared with CG and G1. Conclusion Corticotomy accelerates orthodontic movement. Decortication does not improve corticotomy efficiency.

Abstract: Recently, it has been suggested that the anti-inflammatory hormone ghrelin (GHRL) and its receptor GHS-R may play a pivotal role in periodontal health and diseases. However, their exact regulation and effects in periodontitis are not known. The aim of this in-vitro study was to investigate the effect of microbial and inflammatory insults on the GHS-R1a expression in human osteoblast-like cells. MG-63 cells were exposed to interleukin (IL)-1β and Fusobacterium nucleatum in the presence and absence of GHRL for up to 2 d. Subsequently, gene expressions of GHS-R1a, inflammatory mediators and matrix metalloproteinase were analyzed by real-time PCR. GHS-R protein synthesis and NF-κB p65 nuclear translocation were assessed by immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence microscopy, respectively. IL-1β and F. nucleatum caused a significant upregulation of GHS-R1a expression and an increase in GHS-R1a protein. Pre-incubation with a MEK1/2 inhibitor diminished the IL-1β-induced GHS-R1a upregulation. IL-1β and F. nucleatum also enhanced the expressions of cyclooxygenase 2, CC-chemokine ligand 2, IL-6, IL-8, and matrix metalloproteinase 1, but these stimulatory effects were counteracted by GHRL. By contrast, the stimulatory actions of IL-1β and F. nucleatum on the GHS-R1a expression were further enhanced by GHRL. Our study provides original evidence that IL-1β and F. nucleatum regulate the GHS-R/GHRL system in osteoblast-like cells. Furthermore, we demonstrate for the first time that the proinflammatory and proteolytic actions of IL-1β and F. nucleatum on osteoblast-like cells are inhibited by GHRL. Our study suggests that microbial and inflammatory insults upregulate GHS-R1a, which may represent a protective negative feedback mechanism in human bone.

Abstract Objective To evaluate solubility, dimensional stability, filling ability and volumetric change of root-end filling materials using conventional tests and new Micro-CT-based methods. Material and Methods Solubility (loss of mass) after 7 and 30 days, and dimensional stability (in mm) were evaluated in accordance with Carvalho-Junior, et al. 7 (2007). The filling ability and volumetric change (in mm3) were evaluated by Micro-CT (Bruker-MicroCT, Kontich, Belgium) using resin models with cavities 3 mm deep and 1 mm in diameter. The cavities were filled with materials to evaluate filling ability, and then scanned by Micro-CT. After 7 and 30 days immersed in distilled water, the filled cavities were scanned again to evaluate the volumetric change. MTA Angelus (MTA), Biodentine (BIO) and zinc oxide-eugenol cement (ZOE) were evaluated. Data were submitted to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's test with 5% significance level. Results The results suggested correlated or complementary data between the proposed tests. At 7 days, BIO showed higher solubility and at 30 days, showed higher volumetric change in comparison with MTA (p<0.05). With regard to volumetric change, the tested materials were similar (p>0.05) at 7 days. At 30 days, they presented similar solubility. BIO and MTA showed higher dimensional stability than ZOE (p<0.05). ZOE and BIO showed higher filling ability (p<0.05). Conclusions ZOE presented a higher dimensional change, and BIO had greater solubility after 7 days. BIO presented filling ability and dimensional stability, but greater volumetric change than MTA after 30 days. Micro-CT can provide important data on the physicochemical properties of materials complementing conventional tests.

Abstract This study aimed to characterize the dynamics of suppressor of cytokine signaling (SOCS1) expression in a rat model of lipopolysaccharide-induced periodontitis. Wistar rats in the experimental groups were injected three times/week with LPS from Escherichia coli on the palatal aspect of the first molars, and control animals were injected with vehicle (phosphate-buffered saline). Animals were sacrificed 7, 15, and 30 days after the first injection to analyze inflammation (stereometric analysis), bone loss (macroscopic analysis), gene expression (qRT-PCR), and protein expression/activation (Western blotting). The severity of inflammation and bone loss associated with LPS-induced periodontitis increased from day 7 to day 15, and it was sustained through day 30. Significant (p < 0.05) increases in SOCS1, RANKL, OPG, and IFN-γ gene expression were observed in the experimental group versus the control group at day 15. SOCS1 protein expression and STAT1 and NF-κB activation were increased throughout the 30-day experimental period. Gingival tissues affected by experimental periodontitis express SOCS1, indicating that this protein may potentially downregulate signaling events involved in inflammatory reactions and bone loss and thus may play a relevant role in the development and progression of periodontal disease.

Abstract The objective of this study was to investigate the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the IL10, NOS2A, and ESR2 genes and chronic periodontitis (CP) and aggressive periodontitis (AgP). Three groups of patients underwent periodontal and radiographic evaluations: CP (n = 61), AgP (n = 50), and periodontally healthy (control group=61). Genomic DNA was extracted from oral epithelial cells and used for genotyping by real-time polymerase chain reaction using TaqMan® probes. The investigated SNPs were: -1087G > A, -819C > T and -592C > A in the IL10; +2087G > A in the NOS2A, and +1730G > A in the ESR2 gene. Differences in genotype and allele frequencies of each polymorphism and some individual characteristics were analyzed using the chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression analysis. Analysis of SNPs and haplotypes in the IL10 and SNP in the ESR2 gene did not present any significant association with AgP or CP. The +2087G allele of the NOS2A gene tended to be significantly associated with periodontal disease. Patients carrying the genotype +2087GG in the NOS2A gene were genetically protected against the development of CP (p = 0.05; OR = 0.44; 95%CI = 0.20–0.95). This result showed greater significance when patients with AgP and CP were combined (total PD) (p = 0.03; OR = 0.46; 95%CI = 0.23–0.92). In conclusion, the studied Brazilian population had a significantly higher frequency of the GG genotype for the +2087 SNP in the NOS2A gene in individuals without periodontitis, although statistical significance was not maintained after multiple logistic regression.

INTRODUÇÃO: As estatinas causaram uma revolução na prevenção e no tratamento do colesterol alto, porém é contraindicada no primeiro trimestre da gravidez, pois podem causar má formação no feto, no sistema nervoso central e nos membros. OBJETIVO: Verificar os efeitos da Sinvastatina na formação do palato e no desenvolvimento dos germes dentários dos primeiros molares superiores e inferiores. MATERIAL E MÉTODO: Para o acasalamento, foram utilizados 14 camundongos fêmeas e quatro machos; o dia 'zero' da gestação foi identificado pelo plug vaginal após acasalamento. As fêmeas prenhes foram divididas em Grupos I e III - receberam 10 mg/kg solução salina em três semanas antes do acasalamento e a partir do acasalamento até o 14.º dia de prenhez, respectivamente. Grupos II e IV receberam 10 mg/kg de Sinvastatina, no período de três semanas antes do acasalamento e a partir do acasalamento até o 14.º dia de prenhez, respectivamente. RESULTADO: A análise histológica dos fetos dos Grupos I, II, III e IV mostrou o palato fusionado na linha mediana do processo palatino. Os germes dentários dos primeiros molares dos Grupos II e IV apresentaram um desenvolvimento atrasado quando comparados aos Grupos I e III, porém, todos estavam nas etapas de capuz e campânula. CONCLUSÃO: As análises histológica e estatística mostraram que os fetos apresentaram palato fusionado na linha média de fusão do processo palatino e os germes dentários dos Grupos II e IV mostraram-se com formas indefinidas e contornos irregulares. Este estudo preliminar mostrou que a Sinvastatina pode ocasionar alterações morfológicas nos germes dentários.

INTRODUCTION: The statins have been strongly used for the prevention and treatment of high cholesterol, but are contraindicated in the first trimester of pregnancy because they may cause fetal malformation, affecting the central nervous system and the limbs. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effects of simvastatin in palate formation and development of tooth germs of the first upper and lower molars. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Fourteen female and 4 male mice were used for breeding. The day "zero" of pregnancy was identified by vaginal plug after mating. The pregnant females were divided into four groups. Animals from Groups I and III received daily 10 mg /kg of saline three weeks before mating and from mating through day 14 of pregnancy, respectively. Animals from Groups II and IV received daily 10 mg/kg of simvastatin in the 3 weeks prior to mating and from mating through day 14 of pregnancy, respectively. RESULT: Histological evaluation of fetuses from Groups I to IV showed fused palate. The first molar tooth germs from Groups II and IV showed up with undefined forms and jagged edges suggesting a slower development compared to Groups I and III, although all the samples were at the bell or hood development stages. . CONCLUSION: This preliminary study showed that simvastatin does not affect palate fusion but can cause morphologic alterations in tooth germs of fetuses during gestation.

Recently, new treatment approaches have been developed to target the host component of periodontal disease. This review aims at providing updated information on host-modulating therapies, focusing on treatment strategies for inhibiting signal transduction pathways involved in inflammation. Pharmacological inhibitors of MAPK, NFκB and JAK/STAT pathways are being developed to manage rheumatoid arthritis, periodontal disease and other inflammatory diseases. Through these agents, inflammatory mediators can be inhibited at cell signaling level, interfering on transcription factors activation and inflammatory gene expression. Although these drugs offer great potential to modulate host response, their main limitations are lack of specificity and developments of side effects. After overcoming these limitations, adjunctive host modulating drugs will provide new therapeutic strategies for periodontal treatment.

Furcation involvement in periodontal disease has been a challenge for the dentist. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to investigate root dimensions in the furcation area of 233 mandibular first molars. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Digital photomicrographs were used to obtain the following measurements on the buccal and lingual surfaces of each tooth: root trunk height (RT), horizontal interadicular distance obtained 1 mm (D1) and 2 mm (D2) below the fornix and interadicular angle (IA). RESULTS: Mean± standard deviation of buccal and lingual furcation measurements were, respectively, 1.37±0.78 mm and 2.04±0.89 mm for RT; 0.86±0.39 mm and 0.71±0.42 mm for D1; 1.50±0.48 mm and 1.38±0.48 mm for D2; 41.68±13.20° and 37.78±13.18° for IA. Statistically significant differences were found between all measured parameters for buccal and lingual sides (p<0.05, paired t test). CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, the lingual furcation of mandibular first molars presented narrower entrance and longer root trunk than the buccal furcation, suggesting more limitation for instrumentation and worse prognosis to lingual furcation involvements in comparison to buccal lesions.

Um dos principais objetivos da terapia mucogengival é atingir a cobertura completa da raiz. Diversas modalidades de tratamento têm sido desenvolvidas, mas poucas técnicas podem obter a cobertura total da raiz em uma recessão gengival classe III de Miller. Assim, o objetivo deste relato é apresentar um caso de sucesso clínico de uma recessão gengival classe III de Miller na qual foi obtida a cobertura completa da raiz por meio de uma abordagem multidisciplinar. Uma jovem de 17 anos sexo feminino, leucoderma, foi encaminhada para tratamento de uma recessão gengival no incisivo central inferior esquerdo. Para a cobertura radicular foi planejado: enxerto gengival livre, movimento ortodôntico por meio de alinhamento e nivelamento e retalho reposicionado coronariamente (CAF). Este caso tem sido acompanhado por 12 anos e o paciente apresenta ausência de recessão, sem profundidade de sondagem anormal e sem sangramento à sondagem com ampla faixa de gengiva inserida. Dentes comprometidos e com mau prognóstico, que seriam extraídos em muitos casos, podem ser tratados por meio de movimento ortodôntico e terapia periodontal. 100% de cobertura da raiz é possível e pode ser conseguida em alguns casos de recessão gengival classe III.

One of the main purposes of mucogingival therapy is to obtain full root coverage. Several treatment modalities have been developed, but few techniques can provide complete root coverage in a class III Miller recession. Thus, the aim of this case report is to present a successful clinical case of a Miller class III gingival recession in which complete root coverage was obtained by means of a multidisciplinary approach. A 17-year-old Caucasian female was referred for treatment of a gingival recession on the mandibular left central incisor. The following procedures were planned for root coverage in this case: free gingival graft, orthodontic movement by means of alignment and leveling and coronally advanced flap (CAF). The case has been followed up for 12 years and the patient presents no recession, no abnormal probing depth and no bleeding on probing, with a wide attached gingiva band. A compromised tooth with poor prognosis, which would be indicated for extraction, can be treated by orthodontic movement and periodontal therapy, with possibility of 100% root coverage in some class III recessions.

In a previous study, we evaluated the findings related to the use of resorbable collagen membranes in humans along with DFDBA (demineralized freeze-dried bone allograft). The aim of this subsequent study was to histometrically evaluate in dogs, the healing response of gingival recessions treated with collagen membrane + DFDBA (Guided Tissue Regeneration, GTR) compared to a coronally positioned flap (CPF). Two types of treatment were randomly carried out in a split-mouth study. Group 1 was considered as test (GTR: collagen membrane + DFDBA), whereas Group 2 stood for the control (only CPF). The dogs were given chemical bacterial plaque control with 0.2% chlorhexidine digluconate during a 90-day repair period. Afterwards, the animals were killed to obtain biopsies and histometric evaluation of the process of cementum and bone formation, epithelial migration and gingival level. A statistically significant difference was found between groups with a larger extension of neoformed cementum (GTR = 32.72%; CPF = 18.82%; p = 0.0004), new bone (GTR = 23.20%; CPF = 09.90%; p = 0.0401) and with a smaller area of residual gingival recession in the test group (GTR = 50.69%; CPF = 59.73%; p = 0.0055) compared to the control group. The only item assessed that showed no statistical difference was epithelial proliferation on the root surface, with means of 15.14% for the GTR group and 20.34% for the CPF group (p = 0.0890). Within the limits of this study we concluded that the treatment of gingival recession defects with GTR, associating collagen membrane with DFDBA, showed better outcomes in terms of a larger extension of neoformed cementum and bone, as well as in terms of a smaller proportion of residual recessions.

Este estudo avaliou a transmissão de Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) entre mulheres com periodontite crônica severa e seus filhos. A amostra constituiu-se de 30 mulheres com idade média de 36,1 ± 6,0 anos, mães de filhos com idade entre 7 e 16 anos. Apenas crianças cujas mães haviam sido colonizadas por Aa foram incluídas. Amostras de placa dentária subgengival foram colhidas de três sítios com profundidade de sonagem média de 7,3 ± 1,2 mm e perda de inserção clínica média de 7,9 ±1,5 mm e agrupadas em fluido de transporte reduzido (RTF). Estas amostras foram processadas e semeadas em meio seletivo ágar TSBV e incubados a 37ºC em atmosfera de microaerofilia por 5 dias. Aa foi identificado baseado na morfologia colonial, coloração de Gram e testes da catalase e oxidase. Aa foi detectado em 8 das 30 mulheres . Assim, 8 filhos destas mulheres, com idade média de 12 ± 3,7 anos foram investigados, mas Aa foi detectado em apenas 2 deles. Cepas de Aa dos 2 pares de mães e filhos foram submetidos a análise pela técnica de reação em cadeia de polimerase usando primers arbitrários (AP-PCR), mas os amplitipos de cada par não demonstraram similaridade. Portanto, não foi encontrada transmissão de Aa entre mulheres brasileiras com periodontite crônica severa e seus filhos.

This study evaluated the transmission of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) in women with severe chronic periodontitis and their children. Thirty women (mean age = 36.1±6.0 years) who were mothers of at least one child aged 7 to 16 years were enrolled. In order to investigate mother-child transmission of Aa, the children were also evaluated when their mothers were colonized by the bacterium. Subgingival plaque samples of each woman were collected from 3 sites (mean probing depth of 7.3±1.2 mm and mean clinical attachment level of 7.9±1.5 mm) and pooled in reduced transport fluid (RTF). These samples were processed, inoculated onto TSBV-agar selective medium and incubated at 37°C in microaerophilic atmosphere for 5 days. Aa was identified on the basis of colony morphology, Gram staining, catalase and oxidase reactions. Aa was found in 8 out of 30 women. Therefore, 8 children from these women (mean age= 12 ± 3.7 years) were evaluated, but Aa was found only in 2 of them. Aa strains of the two mother-child pairs were evaluated by arbitrarily-primed polymerase chain reaction (AP-PCR), although it was not found similarity between the amplitypes of each pair. No Aa transmission was found between Brazilian women with severe chronic periodontitis and their children.

Este estudo investigou, histológica e histometricamente, a eficácia da proteína derivada da matriz de esmalte (EMD) associada com vidro bioativo (BG) e membrana absorvível, no tratamento de defeitos de furcas classe III em cães. Após criação cirúrgica e cronificação dos defeitos, as lesões foram divididas aleatoriamente em três grupos de acordo com o tratamento proposto: Grupo Teste 1 - EMD + BG + membrana, Grupo Teste 2 - EMD + membrana e Grupo Controle - BG + membrana. Após 90 dias do período de cicatrização, os cães foram sacrificados. A análise descritiva e os dados histométricos mostraram resultados similares para os grupos experimentais em todos os parâmetros estudados (MANOVA, p > 0,05). As associações de Emdogain com vidro bioativo e RTG, ou somente com RTG, mostraram resultados similares quando comparadas ao vidro bioativo associado à membrana no tratamento de defeito de furca classe III, em cães. As três modalidades de tratamento mostraram preenchimento parcial das furcas com regeneração óssea e cementária limitada à porção apical das mesmas.

This study investigated, both histologically and histometrically, the efficacy of enamel matrix derived proteins (EMD) associated with bioactive glass (BG) and an absorbable membrane in the treatment of class III furcation defects in mongrel dogs. After surgical defect creation and chronification, the lesions were randomly divided into three groups according to the treatment employed: Test Group 1 - EMD + BG + membrane, Test Group 2 - EMD + membrane and Control Group - BG + membrane. After a 90-day healing period, the dogs were sacrificed. The descriptive analysis and the histometric data showed similar results for the experimental groups in all studied parameters (MANOVA, p > 0.05). The association of Emdogain® with bioglass and GTR, or with GTR only, showed similar results when compared with the ones obtained with bioglass associated with membrane in the treatment of class III furcation defects in dogs. The three modalities of treatment showed partial filling of the furcations, with bone and cementum regeneration limited to the apical portion of the defects.