O objetivo deste artigo é descrever a realização de exames preventivos de câncer entre pessoas com deficiências (PD) e a relação entre algumas variáveis sociais e as desigualdades na realização dos exames. Estudo transversal sobre exames preventivos de câncer entre PD. Foram entrevistadas em domicílio 333 pessoas em quatro cidades de São Paulo, em 2007. Estudou-se variáveis relacionadas aos exames preventivos, deficiências, gênero, idade, renda do chefe da família, etnia, uso de serviços de saúde, assistência necessária, plano privado de saúde e cobertura pela Estratégia de Saúde da Família. Para a análise usou-se frequências, porcentagens, teste de χ², χ² de tendência e Odds Ratio (OR). Dos entrevistados, 44% realizou pelo menos um exame preventivo na época correta. Pessoas com deficiência visual e com deficiência auditiva fizeram mais exames do que aqueles com deficiência física. Mulheres fizeram mais exames que os homens e pessoas com idade entre 21 e 60 anos relataram maior frequência de exames que aquelas entre 80 e 97 anos. Os achados indicam que as PD tiveram diferentes padrões de realização de exames preventivos segundo o tipo de deficiência, gênero e idade, sendo estas as variáveis de influência direta na realização de exames preventivos de câncer.

The scope of this article is to describe persons with disabilities (PwD) being subjected to cancer screening and the relationship between some social variables and inequalities in performing these tests. A cross-sectional study of cancer screening among PwD was conducted in 2007 with 333 participants interviewed in residence in 4 cities of São Paulo. Variables in the practice of cancer screening, disabilities, gender, age, income of main family breadwinner, ethnicity, use of health services, assistance required, private health insurance, and coverage by the family health program were studied. Frequencies, χ²-test, trend χ² percentages and the Odds Ratios (OR) were used for data analysis. 44% of PwD attended at least one cancer screening at the appropriate time. Persons with visual disabilities and with hearing disabilities were subjected to more screening examinations than those with mobility disabilities and women were attended in screening exams more than men. Persons between the ages of 21 and 60 reported cancer screening more frequently than those between 80 and 97 years of age. The outcomes indicate that PwD have different attitudes toward cancer screening according to the type of disability, gender, and age, which were the variables that directly influenced cancer screening exams.

O objetivo deste artigo é descrever a realização de exames preventivos de câncer entre pessoas com deficiências (PD) e a relação entre algumas variáveis sociais e as desigualdades na realização dos exames. Estudo transversal sobre exames preventivos de câncer entre PD. Foram entrevistadas em domicílio 333 pessoas em quatro cidades de São Paulo, em 2007. Estudou-se variáveis relacionadas aos exames preventivos, deficiências, gênero, idade, renda do chefe da família, etnia, uso de serviços de saúde, assistência necessária, plano privado de saúde e cobertura pela Estratégia de Saúde da Família. Para a análise usou-se frequências, porcentagens, teste de χ², χ² de tendência e Odds Ratio (OR). Dos entrevistados, 44% realizou pelo menos um exame preventivo na época correta. Pessoas com deficiência visual e com deficiência auditiva fizeram mais exames do que aqueles com deficiência física. Mulheres fizeram mais exames que os homens e pessoas com idade entre 21 e 60 anos relataram maior frequência de exames que aquelas entre 80 e 97 anos. Os achados indicam que as PD tiveram diferentes padrões de realização de exames preventivos segundo o tipo de deficiência, gênero e idade, sendo estas as variáveis de influência direta na realização de exames preventivos de câncer.

The scope of this article is to describe persons with disabilities (PwD) being subjected to cancer screening and the relationship between some social variables and inequalities in performing these tests. A cross-sectional study of cancer screening among PwD was conducted in 2007 with 333 participants interviewed in residence in 4 cities of São Paulo. Variables in the practice of cancer screening, disabilities, gender, age, income of main family breadwinner, ethnicity, use of health services, assistance required, private health insurance, and coverage by the family health program were studied. Frequencies, χ²-test, trend χ² percentages and the Odds Ratios (OR) were used for data analysis. 44% of PwD attended at least one cancer screening at the appropriate time. Persons with visual disabilities and with hearing disabilities were subjected to more screening examinations than those with mobility disabilities and women were attended in screening exams more than men. Persons between the ages of 21 and 60 reported cancer screening more frequently than those between 80 and 97 years of age. The outcomes indicate that PwD have different attitudes toward cancer screening according to the type of disability, gender, and age, which were the variables that directly influenced cancer screening exams.

The World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) has provided a new foundation for our understanding of health, functioning, and disability. As a content-valid, comprehensive and universally applicable health classification, it serves as a platform to clarify and specify health-related concepts that are frequently used in the medical literature as well-being, health state, health status, quality of life (QoL) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The ICF entities health and health-related domains and functioning will be used as starting point to reach the objective of the paper. Health domains refer to domains intrinsic to the person as a physiological and psychological entity. Health-related domains are not part of a person's health but are so closely related that a description of a person's lived experience of health would be incomplete without them. Functioning refers to all health and health-related domains within the ICF. Well-being is made up of health, health-related, and non-health-related domains, such as autonomy and integrity. QoL is the individual's perceptions of how the life is going in health, health-related, and non-health domains. HRQoL is the individual's perceptions of how the life is going in health and health-related domains. "HRQoL is to QoL as functioning is to well-being". The ICF represents a standardized and international basis for the operationalization of health based on its health domains, and is also the basis for the operationalization of functioning based on all health and health-related domains contained therein. The authors argue that functioning is an operationalization of health from a broader perspective that consider the individual person not only as a biological but also as a social entity.

La Clasificación Internacional del Funcionamiento, de la Discapacidad y de la Salud (CIF), constituye el marco conceptual de la OMS para una nueva comprensión del funcionamiento, la discapacidad y la salud. Sus componentes esenciales están integrados en la ecuación dinámica funcionamiento/discapacidad. Por su validez de contenido la CIF supone la base para la clarificación de conceptos de amplia utilización sanitaria como bienestar, estado de salud, status de salud, calidad de vida o calidad de vida relacionada con la salud. De ahí que el análisis de los dominios de la salud, de los relacionados con ella y el funcionamiento sean el punto de partida de este trabajo. Los dominios de la salud son los intrínsecos a la persona como entidad fisio-psicológica. Los dominios relacionados con la salud son los extrínsecos al individuo pero que no se pueden desligar de su salud. Funcionamiento se refiere al conjunto de aspectos de ambos dominios. Bienestar es un concepto globalizador que abarca, los relacionados con la salud y los no relacionados con ella, como autonomía e integridad. El concepto de Bienestar es intercambiable con el de Calidad de Vida (CV) con sólo invertir el punto de vista: objetivo vs subjetivo. Lo mismo vale para Funcionamiento y Calidad de Vida Relacionada con la Salud (CVRS). CVRS es a CV como Funcionamiento es a Bienestar. Por ello la CIF representa una base estandarizada e internacional para una operación de la salud y el funcionamiento basada en los dominios de la salud y en los relacionados con ella. Pero al considerar también los dominios no relacionados con la salud (relativos al medio ambiente) operacionaliza la salud desde una perspectiva más amplia que entiende al individuo como una entidad biológica y social.

The World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) has provided a new foundation for our understanding of health, functioning, and disability. As a content-valid, comprehensive and universally applicable health classification, it serves as a platform to clarify and specify health-related concepts that are frequently used in the medical literature as well-being, health state, health status, quality of life (QoL) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). The ICF entities health and health-related domains and functioning will be used as starting point to reach the objective of the paper. Health domains refer to domains intrinsic to the person as a physiological and psychological entity. Health-related domains are not part of a person's health but are so closely related that a description of a person's lived experience of health would be incomplete without them. Functioning refers to all health and health-related domains within the ICF. Well-being is made up of health, health-related, and non-health-related domains, such as autonomy and integrity. QoL is the individual's perceptions of how the life is going in health, health-related, and non-health domains. HRQoL is the individual's perceptions of how the life is going in health and health-related domains. "HRQoL is to QoL as functioning is to well-being". The ICF represents a standardized and international basis for the operationalization of health based on its health domains, and is also the basis for the operationalization of functioning based on all health and health-related domains contained therein. The authors argue that functioning is an operationalization of health from a broader perspective that consider the individual person not only as a biological but also as a social entity.

La Clasificación Internacional del Funcionamiento, de la Discapacidad y de la Salud (CIF), constituye el marco conceptual de la OMS para una nueva comprensión del funcionamiento, la discapacidad y la salud. Sus componentes esenciales están integrados en la ecuación dinámica funcionamiento/discapacidad. Por su validez de contenido la CIF supone la base para la clarificación de conceptos de amplia utilización sanitaria como bienestar, estado de salud, status de salud, calidad de vida o calidad de vida relacionada con la salud. De ahí que el análisis de los dominios de la salud, de los relacionados con ella y el funcionamiento sean el punto de partida de este trabajo. Los dominios de la salud son los intrínsecos a la persona como entidad fisio-psicológica. Los dominios relacionados con la salud son los extrínsecos al individuo pero que no se pueden desligar de su salud. Funcionamiento se refiere al conjunto de aspectos de ambos dominios. Bienestar es un concepto globalizador que abarca, los relacionados con la salud y los no relacionados con ella, como autonomía e integridad. El concepto de Bienestar es intercambiable con el de Calidad de Vida (CV) con sólo invertir el punto de vista: objetivo vs subjetivo. Lo mismo vale para Funcionamiento y Calidad de Vida Relacionada con la Salud (CVRS). CVRS es a CV como Funcionamiento es a Bienestar. Por ello la CIF representa una base estandarizada e internacional para una operación de la salud y el funcionamiento basada en los dominios de la salud y en los relacionados con ella. Pero al considerar también los dominios no relacionados con la salud (relativos al medio ambiente) operacionaliza la salud desde una perspectiva más amplia que entiende al individuo como una entidad biológica y social.

The World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) has provided a new foundation for our understanding of health, functioning, and disability. It covers most of the health and health-related domains that make up the human experience, and the most environmental factors that influence that experience of functioning and disability. With the exhaustive ICF, patients' functioning -including its components body functions and structures and activities and participation-, becomes a central perspective in medicine. To implement the ICF in medicine and other fields, practical tools (= ICF Core Sets) have been developed. They are selected sets of categories out of the whole classification which serve as minimal standards for the assessment and reporting of functioning and health for clinical studies and clinical encounters (Brief ICF Core Set) or as standards for multiprofessional comprehensive assessment (Comprehensive ICF Core Set). Different from generic and condition-specific health-status measures, the ICF Core Sets include important body functions and structures and contextual factors. The use of the ICF Core Sets provides an important step towards improved communications between healthcare providers and professionals, and will enable patients and their families to understand and communicate with health professionals about their functioning and treatment goals. Specific applications include multi- and interdisciplinary assessment in clinical settings and in legal expert evaluations and use in disease or functioning-management programs. The ICF has also a potential as a conceptual framework to clarify an interrelated universe of health-related concepts which can be elucidated based on the ICF and therefore will be an ideal tool for teaching students in all medical fields and may open doors to multi-professional learning.

La Clasificación Internacional del Funcionamiento, de la Discapacidad y de la Salud (CIF) constituye el marco conceptual de la OMS para una nueva comprensión del funcionamiento, la discapacidad y la salud. Es una clasificación universal que establece un marco y lenguaje estandarizados para describir la salud y las dimensiones relacionadas con ella. Abarca tres componentes esenciales: funciones corporales/estructuras, actividad y participación, integrados bajo los términos "funcionamiento" y "discapacidad", que dependen de la condición de salud y de su interacción con factores contextuales. Los componentes están clasificados mediante categorías. Hoy por hoy consta de 1.424 categorías organizadas en una estructura jerárquica de 4 niveles de menos preciso a más. En el caso de los factores contextuales la cuantificación de las categorías mediante calificadores establece en qué medida un factor actúa como barrera o facilitador. La instrumentalización de la CIF con fines prácticos ha llevado al desarrollo de grupos de categorías (núcleos básicos) útiles para la clínica práctica, la provisión de servicios o la investigación. Los núcleos básicos son abreviados o extensos según la intención sea estudiar condiciones específicas o realizar aplicaciones integrales multidisciplinares. Existen núcleos básicos para enfermedades muy prevalentes según la fase del proceso: aguda, postaguda, crónica o comunitaria, cubriendo todo el proceso de enfermedad y toda la cadena sanitaria. Su aplicación clínica mejora la comunicación médico-paciente y el establecimiento de objetivos terapéuticos integrales. Asimismo, sirve para la evaluación multidisciplinar en medios clínicos, legales y de programas. La CIF logra la superación de conceptos de amplia utilización sanitaria, como bienestar, estado de salud o calidad de vida relacionada con la salud y abre una nueva línea de enseñanza estudiantil en todas las especialidades y de formación integral multiprofesional.

The World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) has provided a new foundation for our understanding of health, functioning, and disability. It covers most of the health and health-related domains that make up the human experience, and the most environmental factors that influence that experience of functioning and disability. With the exhaustive ICF, patients' functioning -including its components body functions and structures and activities and participation-, becomes a central perspective in medicine. To implement the ICF in medicine and other fields, practical tools (= ICF Core Sets) have been developed. They are selected sets of categories out of the whole classification which serve as minimal standards for the assessment and reporting of functioning and health for clinical studies and clinical encounters (Brief ICF Core Set) or as standards for multiprofessional comprehensive assessment (Comprehensive ICF Core Set). Different from generic and condition-specific health-status measures, the ICF Core Sets include important body functions and structures and contextual factors. The use of the ICF Core Sets provides an important step towards improved communications between healthcare providers and professionals, and will enable patients and their families to understand and communicate with health professionals about their functioning and treatment goals. Specific applications include multi- and interdisciplinary assessment in clinical settings and in legal expert evaluations and use in disease or functioning-management programs. The ICF has also a potential as a conceptual framework to clarify an interrelated universe of health-related concepts which can be elucidated based on the ICF and therefore will be an ideal tool for teaching students in all medical fields and may open doors to multi-professional learning.

La Clasificación Internacional del Funcionamiento, de la Discapacidad y de la Salud (CIF) constituye el marco conceptual de la OMS para una nueva comprensión del funcionamiento, la discapacidad y la salud. Es una clasificación universal que establece un marco y lenguaje estandarizados para describir la salud y las dimensiones relacionadas con ella. Abarca tres componentes esenciales: funciones corporales/estructuras, actividad y participación, integrados bajo los términos "funcionamiento" y "discapacidad", que dependen de la condición de salud y de su interacción con factores contextuales. Los componentes están clasificados mediante categorías. Hoy por hoy consta de 1.424 categorías organizadas en una estructura jerárquica de 4 niveles de menos preciso a más. En el caso de los factores contextuales la cuantificación de las categorías mediante calificadores establece en qué medida un factor actúa como barrera o facilitador. La instrumentalización de la CIF con fines prácticos ha llevado al desarrollo de grupos de categorías (núcleos básicos) útiles para la clínica práctica, la provisión de servicios o la investigación. Los núcleos básicos son abreviados o extensos según la intención sea estudiar condiciones específicas o realizar aplicaciones integrales multidisciplinares. Existen núcleos básicos para enfermedades muy prevalentes según la fase del proceso: aguda, postaguda, crónica o comunitaria, cubriendo todo el proceso de enfermedad y toda la cadena sanitaria. Su aplicación clínica mejora la comunicación médico-paciente y el establecimiento de objetivos terapéuticos integrales. Asimismo, sirve para la evaluación multidisciplinar en medios clínicos, legales y de programas. La CIF logra la superación de conceptos de amplia utilización sanitaria, como bienestar, estado de salud o calidad de vida relacionada con la salud y abre una nueva línea de enseñanza estudiantil en todas las especialidades y de formación integral multiprofesional.