ABSTRACT Introduction To know the natural infestation by triatominae and their infection by Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi) in Acrocomia Aculeata (A. aculeata) or coyol palm in the state of Anzoátegui, Venezuela. Materials and Methods Triatominic infestation and its infection by T. cruzi was studied in non-affected A. aculeata in phytosanitary campaigns. The presence of the parasite was determined by microscopy and PCR-kDNA, and its characterization was made by means of molecular markers. Results Fourteen palm trees with triatominic infestation were found; 48.8% of the individuals corresponded to Rhodnius prolixus and 48.2% to Maculata Triatoma, with ontogenetic development towards adult. The parasitology and molecular tests, their typical morphology and the infection in the murine model revealed the presence of T. cruzi in an average of 54,8%, for both species of triatominae, with circulation of the TcI genotype of T. cruzi. Conclusions The infestation of coyol palm trees with Rhodnius prolixus and Maculata Triatoma was reported for the state of Anzoátegui in Venezuela, as well as the presence of TcI sub-populations of T. cruzi, being this palm tree the peridomicilar habitat of the triatominae-T. cruzi binomial and possible bioindicador of risk of infection for surrounding human populations.

RESUMEN Objetivos Conocer la infestación natural por triatominos y su infección por Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi) en Acrocomia aculeata (A. aculeata) o palma corozo en el estado Anzoátegui, Venezuela. Materiales y métodos Se estudió la infestación triatomínica y su infección por T. cruzi en A. aculeata desafectadas en campañas fitosanitarias. La presencia del parásito se determinó por microscopia y PCR-kDNA, y se realizó su caracterización mediante marcadores moleculares. Resultados Se encontraron 14 palmeras con infestación triatomínica, el 48,8 % de los ejemplares correspondieron a Rhodnius prolixus y el 48,2 % a Triatoma maculata, con desarrollo ontogénico hacia el adulto. Las pruebas parasitológicas y moleculares, su morfología típica y la infección en el modelo murino revelaron la presencia de T. cruzi en 54,8 % en promedio, para ambas especies de triatominos, con circulación del genotipo TcI de T. cruzi. Conclusiónes Se reportó para el estado Anzoátegui en Venezuela, la infestación de palma corozo con Rhodnius prolixus y Triatoma maculata y la presencia de subpoblaciones TcI de T. cruzi, siendo esta palma el hábitat peridomiciliar del binomio triatominos-T. cruzi y posible bioindicador de riesgo de infección para poblaciones humanas circunvecinas.

Introduction. To know the natural infestation by triatominae and their infection by Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi) in Acrocomia Aculeata (A. aculeata) or coyol palm in the state of Anzoátegui, Venezuela. Materials and Methods. Triatominic infestation and its infection by T. cruzi was studied in non-affected A. aculeata in phytosanitary campaigns. The presence of the parasite was determined by microscopy and PCR-kDNA, and its characterization was made by means of molecular markers. Results. Fourteen palm trees with triatominic infestation were found; 48.8% of the individuals corresponded to Rhodnius prolixus and 48.2% to Maculata Triatoma, with ontogenetic development towards adult. The parasitology and molecular tests, their typical morphology and the infection in the murine model revealed the presence of T. cruzi in an average of 54,8%, for both species of triatominae, with circulation of the TcI genotype of T. cruzi. Conclusions. The infestation of coyol palm trees with Rhodnius prolixus and Maculata Triatoma was reported for the state of Anzoátegui in Venezuela, as well as the presence of TcI sub-populations of T. cruzi, being this palm tree the peridomicilar habitat of the triatominae-T. cruzi binomial and possible bioindicador of risk of infection for surrounding human populations.

Objetivos. Conocer la infestación natural por triatominos y su infección por Trypanosoma cruzi (T. cruzi) en Acrocomia aculeata (A. aculeata) o palma corozo en el estado Anzoátegui, Venezuela. Materiales y métodos. Se estudió la infestación triatomínica y su infección por T. cruzi en A. aculeata desafectadas en campañas fitosanitarias. La presencia del parásito se determinó por microscopia y PCR-kDNA, y se realizó su caracterización mediante marcadores moleculares. Resultados. Se encontraron 14 palmeras con infestación triatomínica, el 48,8 % de los ejemplares correspondieron a Rhodnius prolixus y el 48,2 % a Triatoma maculata, con desarrollo ontogénico hacia el adulto. Las pruebas parasitológicas y moleculares, su morfología típica y la infección en el modelo murino revelaron la presencia de T. cruzi en 54,8 % en promedio, para ambas especies de triatominos, con circulación del genotipo TcI de T. cruzi. Conclusiónes. Se reportó para el estado Anzoátegui en Venezuela, la infestación de palma corozo con Rhodnius prolixus y Triatoma maculata y la presencia de subpoblaciones TcI de T. cruzi, siendo esta palma el hábitat peridomiciliar del binomio triatominos-T. cruzi y posible bioindicador de riesgo de infección para poblaciones humanas circunvecinas.

In Venezuela, Chagas' disease is a public health problem with around 2 million people infected and more than 6 million under risk of infection. In this study the presence of the triatomid Psammolestes arthuri is reported in nests of different species of birds from rural communities of Anzoátegui State, some of them found naturally infected with Trypanosoma cruzi, in sympatry with other species of triatomines (Rhodnius prolixus y Triatoma maculata). A total of 3,277 triatomine specimens were collected in 478 nests from 6 species of birds (Phacellodomus rufifrons, Troglodytes aedon, Icterus icterus, I. nigrogularis, Cacicus cela y Psarocolius decumanus). It was found that 99.05% (3246/3277) of specimens were P. arthuri and 0.95% (31/3277) other triatomine species, from which 0.57% (19/3277) were R. prolixus and 0.37% (12/3277) T. maculata. Only 0.12% (4/3246) of P. arthuri were infected with T. cruzi. The parasitological characterization of one T. cruzi isolate in white male NMRI mice showed high affinity for cardiac, skeletal and smooth muscle cells, with a peak parasitemia of 2.4 x 104 parasites/ mL blood stream forms of T. cruzi and 100% mortality of inoculated mice. This isolate was molecularly typed as belonging to TcIII genotype. The results show that in Anzoátegui State, P. arthuri predominantly feed on blood of birds, representing a low risk for vector transmission of Chagas' disease to humans.