SUMMARY: Intracranial artery stenosis (ICAS) was one of the main causes of ischemic stroke onset and recurrence. About 30 % of strokes were caused by intracranial artery stenosis. Intracranial artery stenosis had a high incidence in China and faced a high risk of recurrence for a long time. It affected patient safety and quality of life seriously. At the same time, it caused a heavy financial burden for the patient´s family. Therefore, early detection and accuracy of intracranial artery stenosis evaluation were extremely important. High-resolution magnetic resonance imaging (HR-MRI) had been widely used in clinical examinations, making up for the shortcomings of traditional vascular imaging methods that could only show the degree of luminal stenosis, making it possible to perform lumens, tube wall and plaque features of atherosclerotic intracranial arteries at the same time. There were still some controversies about the credibility of this technique in assessing the intracranial artery lumen stenosis. This article reviewed the application efficacy of HR-MRI technology in evaluating the degree of intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis.

RESUMEN: La estenosis de arterias intracraneales (ICAS) es una de las principales causas del ictus isquémico, como así también de su recurrencia. Alrededor del 30 % de los ataques cerebrovasculares son causados por estenosis de la arteria intracraneal. La estenosis de arterias intracraneales tiene una alta incidencia en China y enfrenta un alto riesgo de recurrencia, afectando gravemente la seguridad y la calidad de vida de los pacientes. Al mismo tiempo, supone una importante carga financiera para la familia de los pacientes. Por lo tanto, la detección temprana y la precisión de la evaluación de la estenosis de arterias intracraneales es extremadamente importante. La resonancia magnética de alta resolución (HR-MRI, por sus siglas en inglés) es utilizada ampliamente en los exámenes clínicos, compensando las deficiencias de los métodos tradicionales de imágenes vasculares que solo pueden mostrar el grado de estenosis luminal, haciendo posible el estudio de las características del lumen, pared vascular y la placa ateroesclerótica, de las arterias intracraneales afectadas, al mismo tiempo. Aún existen algunas controversias sobre la credibilidad de esta técnica en la evaluación de la estenosis del lumen de arterias intracraneales. En este artículo se revisó la eficacia de la aplicación de la tecnología HR-MRI para evaluar el grado de estenosis aterosclerótica intracraneal.

Abstract The destruction of the pulmonary epithelial barrier in acute respiratory distress syndrome is caused by the damage of the alveolar epithelial cells. Oroxin A is an effective flavonoid component derived from the medicinal plant Oroxylum indicum (L.) Kurz. In this study, the oleic acid (OA)-induced A549 cell injury model was established in vitro to explore the protective mechanism of Oroxin A. The experiment was divided into the following groups: control, OA and OA + Oroxin A group. The OA-induced A549 cell injury was dose (time)-dependent and was detected by the CCK-8 assay. The protein and mRNA expression levels associated with pyroptosis are detected by Western blotting and RT-qPCR. After Oroxin A treatment, the levels of IL-1β, IL-18 and LDH released were significantly lower than the OA group. In terms of pyroptosis, Oroxin A can inhibit the expression of pyroptosis-related protein and mRNA. Significantly, the surfactant protein C (SPC) level in the OA + Oroxin A group was significantly higher than that in the OA group. The treatment with Oroxin A alleviates the OA-induced injury in the A549 cells, and its mechanism may be related to the inhibition of A549 cells pyroptosis and prevention of the degradation of the SPC.

Abstract In this work, Ag doped NaSbO3 (ANS) was successfully synthesized and applied an efficient visible light photocatalyst. The properties of catalyst were fully characterized, and DFT (the density functional theory) computation was utilized to investigate the photocatalytic mechanism. The various characterization findings proved that Ag atoms were perfectly doped into NaSbO3 crystals, which greatly reduced the band gap, and made ANS catalyst exhibit excellent visible light absorption performance. In addition, ANS appeared great photocatalytic activities and remarkable stability. Also, electrochemical characterizations illustrated that ANS possessed stronger ability of generating and transferring electrons and holes under visible light, and the doping of Ag atoms reduced the resistance of charge transfer, thus effectively accelerated the photocatalysis reaction. Moreover, through ESR characterization and scavengers coexistent experiments, •OH and •O2- were considered to be active radicals that played a crucial role in the photodegradation process. Furthermore, DFT calculation demonstrated that ANS displayed obvious visible light excitation performance via reducing the band gap. The improvement of work function enhanced the oxidation ability of photogenerated holes, forming more hydroxyl radicals, thus boosted the photodegradation of pollutants.

Abstract Objectives The aim of the present study was to evaluate the associations of parental bonding and adolescents’ Internet addiction symptoms with depression and anxiety in parents of adolescents with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods Parental depression and anxiety symptoms, parental bonding, and adolescents’ Internet addiction symptoms were assessed in 46 parent-child dyads using the Center for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, State-Trait Anxiety Inventory, Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI), and Chen Internet Addiction Scale, respectively. Forward stepwise multiple regression analysis was used to examine the associations of parental bonding and adolescents’ Internet addiction symptoms with parental depression and anxiety. Results Low care/affection on the PBI was significantly associated with parental depression, and overprotection on the PBI and adolescents’ Internet addiction were significantly associated with parental anxiety. Discussion Parental bonding and adolescents’ Internet addiction are related to depression and anxiety in parents of adolescents with ADHD.

Abstract Purpose: To investigate the prognostic value of 17 platelet-based prognostic scores in patients with malignant hepatic tumors after TACE therapy. Methods: In total, 92 patients were divided into death group and survival group according to long-term follow-up results. The AUC was calculated to determine the optimal cut-off values for predicting prognosis. To determine better prognostic models, platelet-based models were analyzed separately after being showed as binary according to cut-off values. Cumulative survival rates of malignant hepatic tumors were calculated using Kaplan-Meier curves and differences were analyzed by the log-rank test. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify platelet-based prognostic scores associated with overall survival. Results: Univariate analysis showed that APGA, APRI, FIB-4, FibroQ, GUCI, King's score, Lok index, PAPAS, cirrhosis, number of tumors, vascular cancer embolus, AFP, ALP and APTT were significantly related to prognosis. A multivariate analysis showed that the APGA, number of tumors, ALP and APTT were independently associated with overall survival. Conclusion: This study showed that the APGA, a platelet-based prognostic score, was an independent marker of prognosis in patients with malignant hepatic tumors after TACE and was superior to the other platelet-based prognostic scores in terms of prognostic ability.

Abstract: The torsion of vessels after liver transplantation rarely occurs. Likewise, calcification of a liver graft has seldom been reported. This report details a case which had torsion of the left hepatic vein on the seventh day after living-related donor liver transplantation. The torsion was reduced soon after re-exploration; however, congestion with partial necrosis of the graft occurred. On the follow-up imaging studies, some resolution of necrosis and graft regeneration were found, yet geographic calcification of the liver graft appeared. The patient died of pneumonia after 13 weeks, post-operation. The avoidance such torsion of vessels is necessary and important.

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Résumé Objectif Étudier le rapport coût-efficacité d'un programme global de lutte contre la tuberculose pharmacorésistante lancé en 2011 dans quatre régions chinoises. Méthodes En 2011-2012, nous avons analysé les dossiers de 172 patients atteints de tuberculose pharmacorésistante qui s'étaient inscrits à ce programme global et nous avons collecté des données administratives pertinentes auprès de différents hôpitaux et de l'agence de santé publique chinoise. À titre de comparaison, nous avons examiné une cohorte de 81 patients soignés pour une tuberculose pharmacorésistante entre 2006 et 2009. Nous avons réalisé une analyse coût-efficacité, sur le plan sociétal, qui incluait une incertitude probabiliste. Nous avons mesuré les résultats du traitement précoce en fonction de résultats de culture sur trois mois et modélisé les résultats à long terme pour faciliter l'estimation du coût du programme global par année de vie corrigée du facteur incapacité (AVCI) évitée. Résultats Le programme global coûte 8837 dollars des États-Unis (US$) par patient soigné. Le faible taux d'inscription signifiait que certains coûts fixes par patient étaient plus importants que prévu. Bien que ce programme global se soit révélé 30 fois plus cher que le précédent, il a débouché sur des avantages accrus en matière de santé. Le programme global, qui coûte 639 US$ (intervalle de crédibilité à 95 %: 112 à 1322) par AVCI évitée, satisfait au critère de l'Organisation mondiale de la Santé définissant une intervention très rentable. Conclusion Le programme global, qui incluait un dépistage rapide, des soins standardisés et une protection financière, a amélioré les résultats des patients atteints de tuberculose multirésistante en limitant les dépenses. Afin de soutenir les objectifs mondiaux pour l'après-2015 en matière de santé, le programme global devrait être élargi aux non-résidents et à d'autres régions de Chine.

Abstract Objective To investigate the cost-effectiveness of a comprehensive programme for drug-resistant tuberculosis launched in four sites in China in 2011. Methods In 2011-2012, we reviewed the records of 172 patients with drug-resistant tuberculosis who enrolled in the comprehensive programme and we collected relevant administrative data from hospitals and China's public health agency. For comparison, we examined a cohort of 81 patients who were treated for drug-resistant tuberculosis in 2006−2009. We performed a cost-effectiveness analysis, from a societal perspective, that included probabilistic uncertainty. We measured early treatment outcomes based on three-month culture results and modelled longer-term outcomes to facilitate estimation of the comprehensive programme's cost per disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) averted. Findings The comprehensive programme cost 8837 United States dollars (US$) per patient treated. Low enrolment rates meant that some fixed costs were higher, per patient, than expected. Although the comprehensive programme appeared 30 times more costly than the previous one, it resulted in greater health benefits. The comprehensive programme, which cost US$ 639 (95% credible interval: 112 to 1322) per DALY averted, satisfied the World Health Organization's criterion for a very cost-effective intervention. Conclusion The comprehensive programme, which included rapid screening, standardized care and financial protection, improved individual outcomes for MDR tuberculosis in a cost-effective manner. To support post-2015 global heath targets, the comprehensive programme should be expanded to non-residents and other areas of China.

Resumen Objetivo Investigar la costoeficacia de un programa integral para la tuberculosis farmacorresistente lanzado en cuatro localizaciones de China en 2011. Métodos En 2011-2012, se revisaron los informes de 172 pacientes con tuberculosis farmacorresistente que se habían inscrito en el programa integral y se recogieron datos administrativos relevantes de hospitales y la agencia de salud pública de China. Como término de comparación, se examinó un cohorte de 81 pacientes que habían sido tratados para la tuberculosis farmacorresistente en 2006−2009. Se llevó a cabo un análisis de costoeficacia desde una perspectiva societaria que incluía la incertidumbre probabilística. Se midieron los resultados de los tratamientos tempranos basados en los resultados de un cultivo de tres meses y se modelaron resultados a largo plazo para facilitar la estimación del coste del programa integral de años de vida en función de la discapacidad (AVAD) evitada. Resultados El programa integral costó 8.837 dólares estadounidenses (USD) por paciente tratado. Las bajas tasas de inscripción significaban que algunos de los costes fijos eran mayores por paciente que lo esperado. A pesar de que el programa integral parecía 30 veces más costoso que el anterior, tuvo como resultado unos mejores beneficios para la salud. El programa integral, que costó 639 USD (intervalo de credibilidad del 95%: de 112 a 1.322) por AVAD evitado, satisfizo el criterio de la Organización Mundial de la Salud en cuanto a intervenciones muy costoefectivas. Conclusión El programa integral, que incluía un examen rápido, cuidados estándar y protección financiera, mejoró los resultados individuales de la tuberculosis multirresistente (MR) de una manera costoefectiva. Para apoyar los objetivos de salud globales posteriores a 2015, el programa integral debería expandirse a no residentes y otras áreas de China.

The effects of production system on welfare traits, growth performance and meat quality of ducks were explored. A total of 120 newly hatched ducklings were randomly assigned to three groups: i) floor-reared system (FRS); ii) welfare-reared system (WRS) and iii) net-reared system (NRS) (n = 8 ducklings/pen, 5 pens/group). In the FRS, ducks were reared on sawdust bedding that was changed every 2 - 3 days. The WRS was similar to the FRS, the difference being the addition of environmental enrichment devices such as perches, coloured balloons and ribbons. In the NRS, ducks were reared on plastic nets on a bamboo bed, and their droppings were cleaned daily with water. After 35 d, welfare traits, growth performance and meat quality of the ducks were measured. Moving and playing durations of WRS ducks were longer than FRS and NRS ducks. Bathing and feather pecking durations of NRS ducks were longer than FRS and WRS ducks. Duck feather quality was greater and gait defects were reduced in NRS system compared with FRS and WRS systems. Fluctuating asymmetry (FA) was not affected by the production system. Growth performance was not significantly different between FRS and WRS systems. Average daily weight gain of FRS ducks was higher than in NRS ducks. Feed conversion ratio of FRS ducks was lower than in NRS ducks. There was no difference in acidity, conductivity of pectoralis and leg muscle, and drip loss among the production systems. The conclusion was that NRS proved to be the best production system on welfare traits, while WRS and FRS were the best production systems on growth performance.

Hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) is an important transcription factor, which plays a critical role in the formation of solid tumor and its microenviroment. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the expression and function of HIF-1α in human leukemia bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) and to identify the downstream targets of HIF-1α. HIF-1α expression was detected at both the RNA and protein levels using real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry, respectively. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and stromal cell-derived factor-1α (SDF-1α) were detected in stromal cells by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. HIF-1α was blocked by constructing the lentiviral RNAi vector system and infecting the BMSCs. The Jurkat cell/BMSC co-cultured system was constructed by putting the two cells into the same suitable cultured media and conditions. Cell adhesion and secretion functions of stromal cells were evaluated after transfection with the lentiviral RNAi vector of HIF-1α. Increased HIF-1α mRNA and protein was detected in the nucleus of the acute myeloblastic and acute lymphoblastic leukemia compared with normal BMSCs. The lentiviral RANi vector for HIF-1α was successfully constructed and was applied to block the expression of HIF-1α. When HIF-1α of BMSCs was blocked, the expression of VEGF and SDF-1 secreted by stromal cells were decreased. When HIF-1α was blocked, the co-cultured Jurkat cell’s adhesion and migration functions were also decreased. Taken together, these results suggest that HIF-1α acts as an important transcription factor and can significantly affect the secretion and adhesion functions of leukemia BMSCs.

Arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AA-NAT) is critical enzyme in Melatonin (MLT) biosynthesis for MLT regulating the animal seasonal breeding. In this study, DNA sequencing methods were applied to detect the polymorphisms of the AA-NAT gene in 179 Chinese sheep belonging to two non-seasonal reproduction breeds and two seasonal reproduction breeds. One mutation at exon 3 (NM_001009461:c.486A > G) was firstly described at the sheep AA-NAT locus. Hence, we described the SmaI PCR-RFLP method for detecting EX3 486A > G mutation, frequencies of the AA-NAT-G allele varied from 0.871 to 0.908 in two non-seasonal reproduction breeds and 0.517 to 0.578 in two seasonal reproduction breeds. The associations of SmaI polymorphism with estrus traits was analyzed in non-seasonal reproduction breeds sheep and seasonal reproduction breeds sheep, the significant statistical results were found between them, the GG genotype frequencies was higher in non-seasonal reproduction breeds (p < 0.001), while, the GA genotype frequencies was higher in seasonal reproduction breeds (p < 0.05). Hence, the EX3 486A > G mutation could facilitate association analysis and serve as a genetic marker for Chinese sheep breeding and genetics.