ABSTRACT: Rhododendron fortune belongs to a scented Rhododendron species native to China, which produces fragrant flowers of great ornamental and environmental values for landscaping or indoor beautification. However, the scents in Rhododendron fortuneihave not yet been investigated, let alone the mechanism of the formation of these fragrance in the flowers. In this study, we measured the scents in terms of its volatile components and contents (VOC) in Rhododendron fortuneiat four different flowering stages and in different tissues of the plant by headspace solid-phase micro-extraction combined (HS-SPME) with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Then the characteristic aromatic values, which reflects the degree of scent perception by human, of each VOC in the plant was calculated according to its respective aromatic thresholds. Results showed that three main VOCs measured from highest to lowest are methyl benzoates, terpenes and fatty acid derivatives. Their content increased after the flower bud opening and reached the highest at half to full blossom. In a flower most VOC contents were measured in petals and only trace amount in other tissues such as stamen, pistil. A small amount of VOCs was determined in leaves as well.All aromatic values were almost corresponded to the contents of three main VOCs, indicating that the flower fragrance arises truly from these VOC components. S-adenosyl-L-methionine: benzoic acid carboxyl methyl transferase (BAMT) catalyzes the final step to form methyl benzoates. To understand the mechanism of the formation of this main type fragrance and its regulation, we firstly isolate a gene of RfBAMT from petal of Rhododendron fortuneiby using homologous cloning and RACE technology. The full length of its cDNA was 1383 bp，with an open reading frame of 1104 bp, encoding a total of 368 amino acids. The phylogenetic tree analysis showed that RfBAMT was the closest to the BSMT of Camellia japonica, belonging to methyltransferases family. Then we measured the expression level of RfBAMT again at four flower developmental stages and in different flower tissues and leaves. The results showed that the expression level of this gene was highly positively correlated with the emitted content of methyl benzoates in the flowering, implying that RfBAMT plays a pivotal role in the formation and regulation of methyl benzoates in Rhododendron fortune.Thisresearchshowed that the RfBAMT was cloned and identified in our study and its expression level was highly positively correlated with the emitted content of methyl benzoates in the flowers and leaves, which indicated this gene may play an important role on regulation of methyl benzoate synthesis in Rhododendron fortunei.

RESUMO: Rhododendron fortunei pertence a uma espécie de rododendro perfumada nativa da China, que produz flores perfumadas de grande valor ornamental e ambiental para paisagismo ou embelezamento de interiores. No entanto, os aromas em Rhododendron fortunei ainda não foram investigados, muito menos o mecanismo de formação dessas fragrâncias nas flores. Neste estudo, medimos os aromas em termos de seus componentes e conteúdos voláteis (VOC) em Rhododendron fortunei em quatro diferentes estágios de floração e em diferentes tecidos da planta por microextração em fase sólida headspace combinada com cromatografia gasosa-espectrometria de massa. Em seguida, foram calculados os valores aromáticos característicos, que refletem o grau de percepção olfativa pelo ser humano, de cada VOC na planta de acordo com seus respectivos limiares aromáticos. Os resultados mostraram que três COVs principais medidos do mais alto ao mais baixo são benzoatos de metila, terpenos e derivados de ácidos graxos. Seu conteúdo aumentou após a abertura do botão floral e atingiu o máximo na metade da floração total. Em uma flor, a maioria dos teores de COV foram medidos em pétalas e apenas traços em outros tecidos, como estame, pistilo. Uma pequena quantidade de COVs foi determinada nas folhas também. Todos os valores aromáticos foram quase correspondentes aos teores de três COVs principais, indicando que a fragrância da flor surge verdadeiramente desses componentes de COV. Para entender o mecanismo de formação deste tipo principal de fragrância e sua regulação, primeiramente isolamos um gene de RfBAMT da pétala de Rhododendron fortunei usando clonagem homóloga e tecnologia RACE. O comprimento total de seu cDNA era de 1383 bp, com um quadro de leitura aberto de 1104 bp, codificando um total de 368 aminoácidos. A análise da árvore filogenética mostrou que RfBAMT foi o mais próximo do BSMT de Camellia japonica, pertencente à família das metiltransferases. Em seguida, medimos o nível de expressão de RfBAMT novamente em quatro estágios de desenvolvimento da flor e em diferentes tecidos e folhas de flores. Os resultados mostraram que o nível de expressão deste gene foi altamente correlacionado positivamente com o conteúdo emitido de benzoatos de metila na floração, implicando que RfBAMT desempenha um papel fundamental na formação e regulação de benzoatos de metila em Rhododendron fortune foi clonado e identificado em nosso estudo e seu nível de expressão foi altamente correlacionado positivamente com o conteúdo emitido de benzoatos de metila nas flores e folhas, o que indicou que este gene pode desempenhar um papel importante na regulação da síntese de benzoato de metila em Rhododendron fortunei.

ABSTRACT Objective: Transbronchial lung cryobiopsy (TBCB) has developed rapidly and has become one of the research hotspots of lung biopsy technology. The present study sought to evaluate the efficacy of TBCB guided by radial-probe EBUS (RP-EBUS) and a guide sheath (GS) without fluoroscopy for peripheral pulmonary lesions. Methods: In this retrospective study, McNemar’s test was used in order to compare TBCB and transbronchial forceps biopsy (TBFB) in terms of diagnostic performance. A multivariate logistic regression model was designed to explore the association between predictive variables and the diagnostic yield of TBCB. Results: A total of 168 patients underwent GS-guided RP-EBUS. Of those, 157 had lesions that were visible and 11 had lesions that were not. Of those 157 patients, 24 were excluded because of missing data or an unclear final diagnosis. Therefore, 133 patients underwent RP-EBUS-GS-guided TBFB and TBCB. The pooled diagnostic yield of RP-EBUS-GS-guided TBCB without fluoroscopy was 71.5% (103/144). In 133 patients, the diagnostic yield of TBCB was significantly higher than that of TBFB (77.4% vs. 59.4%; p < 0.05). Multivariate analysis indicated that lesion size and site were independently associated with the diagnostic yield of TBCB (OR = 2.8, p = 0.03 and OR = 4.1, p = 0.01, respectively), although cryoprobe size was not. There was no significant difference between the 1.1-mm cryoprobe and the 1.9-mm cryoprobe in terms of diagnostic performance (78.4% vs. 76.8%; p > 0.05). Conclusions: GS-guided RP-EBUS is regarded as a practical option for guiding cryobiopsy, although it may not be able to replace fluoroscopy. Peripheral pulmonary lesions not located in the upper lobes or larger than 30 mm are significantly associated with a higher diagnostic yield of cryobiopsy.

RESUMO Objetivo: A criobiópsia transbrônquica (CBTB) desenvolveu-se rapidamente e tornou-se um dos focos de pesquisa de tecnologia de biópsia pulmonar. O presente estudo buscou avaliar a eficácia da CBTB guiada por EBUS radial com bainha guia sem fluoroscopia no diagnóstico de lesões pulmonares periféricas. Métodos: Neste estudo retrospectivo, o teste de McNemar foi usado para comparar a CBTB e a biópsia transbrônquica com pinça (BTB) quanto ao desempenho diagnóstico. Um modelo de regressão logística multivariada foi criado para explorar a relação entre variáveis preditivas e o rendimento diagnóstico da CBTB. Resultados: Um total de 168 pacientes foram submetidos a EBUS radial com bainha guia. Destes, 157 apresentavam lesões que puderam ser visualizadas e 11 apresentavam lesões que não puderam ser visualizadas. Dos 157 pacientes, 24 foram excluídos em virtude de dados incompletos ou diagnóstico final incerto. Portanto, 133 pacientes foram submetidos a BTB e CBTB guiadas por EBUS radial com bainha guia. O rendimento diagnóstico combinado da CBTB guiada por EBUS radial com bainha guia foi de 71,5%. O rendimento diagnóstico da CBTB foi significativamente maior que o da BTB (77,4% vs. 59,4%; p < 0,05). A análise multivariada indicou que o tamanho e o local da lesão apresentaram relação independente com o rendimento diagnóstico da CBTB (OR = 2,8, p = 0,03 e OR = 4,1, p = 0,01, respectivamente); o tamanho da criossonda, por sua vez, não apresentou relação com o rendimento diagnóstico da CBTB. Não houve diferença significativa entre a criossonda de 1,1 mm e a de 1,9 mm no que tange ao desempenho diagnóstico (78,4% vs. 76,8%; p > 0,05). Conclusões: EBUS radial com bainha guia é uma opção prática para guiar a criobiópsia, embora talvez não possa substituir a fluoroscopia. Lesões pulmonares periféricas que não estejam nos lobos superiores ou que tenham mais de 30 mm apresentam relação significativa com maior rendimento diagnóstico da criobiópsia.

Abstract Objectives To evaluate the effects of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) and cathepsin K (catK) inhibitors on resistance to dentin erosion. Methodology A total of 96 dentin specimens (3×3×2 mm) were prepared and randomly assigned into four groups (n=24): deionized water (DW); 1 µM odanacatib (ODN, catK inhibitor); 1 mM 1,10-phenanthroline (PHEN, MMP inhibitor); and 1 µM odanacatib + 1 mM 1,10-phenanthroline (COM). Each group was further divided into two subgroups for the application of treatment solutions before (PRE) and after erosive challenges (POST). All specimens were subjected to four daily erosive challenges for 5 d. For each erosive challenge, the specimens in subgroup PRE were immersed in the respective solutions before cola drinks, while the specimens in subgroup POST were immersed in the respective solutions after cola drinks (the immersion duration was 5 min in both cases). All specimens were stored in artificial saliva at 37°C between erosive challenges. The erosive dentin loss (EDL) was measured by profilometry. The residual demineralized organic matrix (DOM) of specimens was removed using type VII collagenase and evaluated by profilometry. Both the EDL and thickness of the residual DOM were statistically analyzed by two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Bonferroni’s test (α=0.05). The surface topography and transverse sections of the specimens were observed using SEM. MMPs and catK were immunolabeled in the eroded dentin and in situ zymography was performed to evaluate the enzyme activity. Results Significantly lower EDL was found in the groups ODN, PHEN, and COM than in the control group (all p<0.05), while no significant difference in EDL was found among the groups ODN, PHEN, and COM (all p>0.05). The application sequence showed no significant effect on the EDL of the tested groups (p=0.310). A significantly thicker DOM was observed in the group ODN than in the control group regardless of the application sequence (both p<0.05). The treatment with ODN, PHEN, and COM inhibited the gelatinolytic activity by approximately 46.32%, 58.6%, and 74.56%, respectively. Conclusions The inhibition of endogenous dentinal MMPs and catK increases the acid resistance of human dentin but without an apparent synergistic effect. The inhibition of MMPs and catK is equally effective either before or after the acid challenge.

Abstract Background As a progressive cerebrovascular disease, Moyamoya Disease (MMD) is a common cause of stroke in children and adults. However, the early biomarkers and pathogenesis of MMD remain poorly understood. Methods and material This study was conducted using plasma exosome samples from MMD patients. Next-generation high-throughput sequencing, real-time quantitative PCR, gene ontology analysis, and Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analysis of ideal exosomal miRNAs that could be used as potential biomarkers of MMD were performed. The area under the Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve was used to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of biomarkers for predicting events. Results Exosomes were successfully isolated and miRNA-sequence analysis yielded 1,002 differentially expressed miRNAs. Functional analysis revealed that they were mainly enriched in axon guidance, regulation of the actin cytoskeleton and the MAPK signaling pathway. Furthermore, 10 miRNAs (miR-1306-5p, miR-196b-5p, miR-19a-3p, miR-22-3p, miR-320b, miR-34a-5p, miR-485-3p, miR-489-3p, miR-501-3p, and miR-487-3p) were found to be associated with the most sensitive and specific pathways for MMD prediction. Conclusions Several plasma secretory miRNAs closely related to the development of MMD have been identified, which can be used as biomarkers of MMD and contribute to differentiating MMD from non-MMD patients before digital subtraction angiography.

Abstract Introduction The relationship between humidity and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) has yielded inconsistent results in prior research, while the effects of humidity on lupus in animal experiments and its underlying mechanism remain inadequately explored. Methods The present study aimed to investigate the impact of high humidity (80 ± 5%) on lupus using female and male MRL/lpr mice, with a particular focus on elucidating the role of gut microbiota in this process. To this end, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) was employed to transfer the gut microbiota of MRL/lpr mice under high humidity to blank MRL/lpr mice under normal humidity (50 ± 5%), allowing for an assessment of the effect of FMT on lupus. Results The study revealed that high humidity exacerbated lupus indices (serum anti-dsDNA, ANA, IL-6, and IFN- g, and renal pathology) in female MRL/lpr mice but had no significant effect on male MRL/lpr mice. The aggravation of lupus caused by high humidity may be attributed to the increased abundances of the Rikenella, Romboutsia, Turicibacter, and Escherichia-Shigella genera in female MRL/lpr mice. Furthermore, FMT also exacerbated lupus in female MRL/lpr mice but not in male MRL/lpr mice. Conclusion In summary, this study has demonstrated that high humidity exacerbated lupus by modulating gut microbiota in female MRL/lpr mice. The findings underscore the importance of considering environmental factors and gut microbiota in the development and progression of lupus, particularly among female patients.

Abstract Background The etiology of systemic lupus erythematosus is complex and incurable. A large number of systematic reviews have studied the risk factors of it. Mendelian randomization is an analytical method that uses genetic data as tool variables to evaluate the causal relationship between exposure and outcome. Objective To review the systematic reviews and Mendelian randomization studies that focused on the risk factors of systemic lupus erythematosus and shed light on the development of treatments for its prevention and intervention. Methods From inception to January 2022, we systematically searched MEDLINE (via PubMed) and Embase for related systematic reviews and Mendelian randomization studies. Extract relevant main data for studies that meet inclusion criteria. The quality of systematic reviews was assessed by using Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews 2 (AMSTAR-2). Finally, the risk factors are scored comprehensively according to the results' quantity, quality, and consistency. Results Our study involved 64 systematic reviews and 12 Mendelian randomization studies. The results of systematic reviews showed that diseases (endometriosis, atopic dermatitis, allergic rhinitis), lifestyle (smoking, drinking, vaccination), and gene polymorphism influenced the incidence of systemic lupus erythematosus. The results of Mendelian randomization studies identified the role of disease (periodontitis, celiac disease), trace elements (selenium, iron), cytokines (growth differentiation factor 15), and gut microbiome in the pathogenesis of systemic lupus erythematosus. Conclusion We should pay attention to preventing and treating systemic lupus erythematosus in patients with endometriosis, celiac disease, and periodontitis. Take appropriate dietary supplements to increase serum iron and selenium levels to reduce the risk of systemic lupus erythematosus. There should be no excessive intervention in lifestyles such as smoking and drinking.

Abstract Background Dexmedetomidine (DEX), a specific α2-adrenergic receptor agonist, is protective against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury (MIRI). However, the association between DEX preconditioning-induced cardioprotection and mitophagy suppression remains unclear. Objective Hence, we aimed to investigate whether DEX preconditioning alleviates MIRI by suppressing mitophagy via α2-adrenergic receptor activation. Method Sixty isolated rat hearts were treated with or without DEX before inducing ischemia and reperfusion; an α2-adrenergic receptor antagonist, yohimbine (YOH), was also administered before ischemia, alone or with DEX. The heart rate (HR), left ventricular diastolic pressure (LVDP), left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), maximal and minimal rate of left ventricular pressure development (±dp/dtmax), and myocardial infarction size were measured. The mitochondrial ultrastructure and autophagosomes were assessed using transmission electron microscopy. Mitochondrial membrane potential and reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels were measured using JC-1 and dichloride hydrofluorescein diacetate assays, respectively. The expression levels of the mitophagy-associated proteins Beclin1, LC3II/I ratio, p62, PINK1, and Parkin were detected by western blotting. Results Compared with the control group, in the ischemia/reperfusion group, the HR, LVDP, and ±dp/dtmax were remarkably decreased (p< 0.05), whereas LVEDP and infarct sizes were significantly increased (p< 0.05). DEX preconditioning significantly improved cardiac dysfunction reduced myocardial infarction size, maintained mitochondrial structural integrity, increased mitochondrial membrane potential, inhibited autophagosomes formation, and decreased ROS production and Beclin1, LC3II/I ratio, PINK1, Parkin, and p62 expression(p< 0.05). When DEX and YOH were combined, YOH canceled the effect of DEX, whereas the use of YOH alone had no effect. Conclusion Therefore, DEX preconditioning was cardioprotective against MIRI in rats by suppressing mitophagy via α2-adrenergic receptor activation.

Resumo Fundamento A dexmedetomidina (DEX), um agonista específico do receptor α2-adrenérgico, é protetora contra lesão de isquemia/reperfusão miocárdica (I/R). No entanto, a associação entre a cardioproteção induzida pelo pré-condicionamento DEX e a supressão da mitofagia permanece pouco clara. Objetivo Portanto, nosso objetivo foi investigar se o pré-condicionamento com DEX alivia a I/R, suprimindo a mitofagia via ativação do receptor α2-adrenérgico. Método Sessenta corações de ratos isolados foram tratados com ou sem DEX antes de induzir isquemia e reperfusão; um antagonista do receptor α2-adrenérgico, a ioimbina (YOH), também foi administrado antes da isquemia, isoladamente ou com DEX. A frequência cardíaca (FC), pressão diastólica do ventrículo esquerdo (PDVE), pressão diastólica final do ventrículo esquerdo (PDFVE), taxa máxima e mínima de desenvolvimento da pressão ventricular esquerda (±dp/dtmax) e tamanho do infarto do miocárdio foram medidos. A ultraestrutura mitocondrial e as autofagossomas foram avaliadas por microscopia eletrônica de transmissão. O potencial de membrana mitocondrial e os níveis de espécies reativas de oxigênio (ROS) foram medidos usando os ensaios JC-1 e diacetato de diclorodi hidrofluoresceína, respectivamente. Os níveis de expressão das proteínas associadas à mitofagia Beclin1, relação LC3II/I, p62, PINK1 e Parkin foram detectados por western blotting. Resultados Em comparação com o grupo controle, no grupo isquemia/reperfusão, a FC, PDVE e ±dp/dtmax foram notavelmente diminuídas (p<0,05), enquanto os tamanhos da PDFVE e do infarto aumentaram significativamente (p<0,05). O pré-condicionamento com DEX melhorou significativamente a disfunção cardíaca, reduziu o tamanho do infarto do miocárdio, manteve a integridade estrutural mitocondrial, aumentou o potencial de membrana mitocondrial, inibiu a formação de autofagossomas e diminuiu a produção de ROS e a relação Beclin1, relação LC3II/I, expressão PINK1, Parkin e p62(p<0,05). Quando DEX e YOH foram combinados, o YOH cancelou o efeito da DEX, enquanto o uso de YOH sozinha não teve efeito. Conclusão Portanto, o pré-condicionamento DEX foi cardioprotetor contra I/R em ratos, suprimindo a mitofagia por meio da ativação do receptor α2-adrenérgico.

Abstract Introduction: type 2 diabetes (T2DM) is a complex disease affected by lifestyle and genetic factors. Although the drugs currently used to treat T2DM have certain curative effects, they still have some adverse side effects. Therefore, it is urgent to find new effective drugs with few side effects to cure T2DM. Objective: to study the role of Inonotus obliquus (IO) in diabetic model mice. Methods: we used high-fat diet (HFD) combined with streptozocin (STZ) to establish a diabetic mouse model. Mice were divided into non-high-fat diet group (ND), diabetes model group (HFD + STZ) and IO-treated diabetes model group (IO). The mice in the IO group were orally treated with IO (150 mg/kg) at 10 ml/kg for five weeks. Body weight, glucose level, food intake and water consumption, glucose tolerance and insulin tolerance were evaluated in all mice. The pathological sections of liver, kidney and pancreas were observed by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Results: after IO administration, the blood glucose level, water consumption, low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and triacylglycerol (TG) levels of mice decreased. Compared with the HFD + STZ group, the number of normal islet iiiiiiii cells increased and focal necrosis of the liver was significantly reduced in the IO administration group. Conclusions: IO reduced the levels of blood glucose, restored body weight, and enhanced insulin sensitivity along with insulin tolerance and glucose tolerance in diabetic mice. Additionally, IO also reversed HFD and STZ-induced organ injury.

Resumen Introducción: la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (T2DM) es una enfermedad compleja influenciada por el estilo de vida y los factores genéticos. En la actualidad, aunque los medicamentos para la diabetes tipo 2 tienen cierto efecto curativo, todavía tienen algunos efectos secundarios. Por lo tanto, es urgente encontrar nuevos medicamentos para la diabetes tipo 2 que tengan un buen efecto curativo y menos efectos secundarios. Objetivo: estudiar el papel del Inonotus obliquus (IO) en ratones diabéticos. Métodos: se estableció un modelo de ratón diabético con dieta de alto contenido en grasas (HFD) y estreptozocina (STZ). Los ratones se dividieron en el grupo de dieta no alta en grasas (ND), el grupo modelo de diabetes mellitus (HFD + STZ) y el grupo modelo de diabetes mellitus tratado con IO. Los ratones del grupo IO recibieron 10 ml/kg de IO (150 mg/kg) durante cinco semanas. Se observaron el peso corporal, el nivel de azúcar en sangre, la ingesta de alimentos, la ingesta de agua potable, la tolerancia a la glucosa y la tolerancia a la insulina de los ratones de cada grupo, y se estudiaron muestras de biopsias hepáticas, renales y pancreáticas mediante tinción de hematoxilina eosina. Resultados: los niveles de glucosa en sangre, el consumo de agua, la lipoproteína de baja densidad (LDL) y los triglicéridos (TG) disminuyeron después de la administración de IO. En comparación con el grupo HFD+STZ, el número de células β pancreáticas normales y la necrosis focal hepática disminuyeron significativamente en el grupo IO. Conclusiones: el IO redujo el nivel de glucosa en sangre, ayudó a recuperar el peso corporal y mejorar la sensibilidad a la insulina, la tolerancia a la insulina y la tolerancia a la glucosa en ratones diabéticos. Además, el IO revirtió el daño orgánico inducido por HFD y STZ.

RESUMO Introdução: O futebol é um esporte intensamente competitivo. Com o seu desenvolvimento e elevação no nível das técnicas, são apresentadas exigências mais altas para a aptidão física, estratégia e tática dos atletas. Um bom protocolo de treinamento físico é essencial para atingir essas metas. Objetivo: Estudar como os jogadores de futebol podem melhorar sua função física no treinamento físico. Métodos: Os jogadores de futebol de uma escola foram selecionados como objetos de pesquisa. Intervenções de treinamento físico e testes de acompanhamento foram feitos em jogadores de futebol durante o treinamento. O treinamento físico incluiu um teste de função física e um teste de composição corporal. Finalmente, o software SPSS16.0 foi usado para análise estatística dos dados obtidos. Resultados: Os valores médios de concentração de hemoglobina e células vermelhas sanguíneas no teste final dos atletas aumentaram ligeiramente em comparação com o primeiro, a diferença não foi significativa (P>0,05). Entretanto, o índice do hematócritos melhorou significativamente com efeito significativo (P<0,01). Conclusão: O treinamento físico pode reduzir o conteúdo de gordura corporal na função física dos jogadores de futebol e reduzir o peso dos jogadores de futebol. Esse modo de treinamento físico pode ser usado como um padrão de referência para o treinamento físico de outras equipes de futebol de alto nível. Nível de evidência II; Estudos Terapêuticos - Investigação de Resultados.

ABSTRACT Introduction: Soccer is an intensely competitive sport. With its development and elevation in techniques, athletes’ higher demands for physical fitness, strategy, and tactics are presented. An excellent physical training protocol is essential to achieve these goals. Objective: To study how soccer players can improve their physical function in physical training. Methods: Soccer players from a school were selected as research subjects. Physical training interventions and follow-up tests were performed on soccer players during training. Physical training included a physical function test and a body composition test. Finally, SPSS16.0 software was used for statistical analysis of the obtained data. Results: The mean hemoglobin and red blood cell concentration mean values in the athletes’ final test increased slightly compared to the first test; the difference was insignificant (P>0.05). However, the hematocrit index improved significantly (P<0.01). Conclusion: Physical training can reduce the body fat content in the physical function of soccer players and reduce the weight of soccer players. This physical training mode can be used as a reference standard for the physical training of other high-level soccer teams. Evidence Level II; Therapeutic Studies - Investigating the result.

Resumen Introducción: El fútbol es un deporte intensamente competitivo. Con su desarrollo y elevación en el nivel de las técnicas, se presentan mayores exigencias para la aptitud física, la estrategia y la táctica de los atletas. Un buen protocolo de entrenamiento físico es esencial para alcanzar estos objetivos. Objetivo: Estudiar cómo los jugadores de fútbol pueden mejorar su función física en el entrenamiento físico. Métodos: Se seleccionaron jugadores de fútbol de una escuela como sujetos de la investigación. Se realizaron intervenciones de entrenamiento físico y pruebas de seguimiento a los jugadores de fútbol durante el entrenamiento. El entrenamiento físico incluyó una prueba de función física y una prueba de composición corporal. Finalmente, se utilizó el software SPSS16.0 para el análisis estadístico de los datos obtenidos. Resultados: Los valores medios de concentración de hemoglobina y glóbulos rojos en la prueba final de los atletas aumentaron ligeramente en comparación con la primera prueba, la diferencia no fue significativa (P>0,05). Sin embargo, el índice de hematocrito mejoró significativamente con un efecto importante (P<0,01). Conclusión: El entrenamiento físico puede reducir el contenido de grasa corporal en la función física de los futbolistas y reducir el peso de los mismos. Este modo de entrenamiento físico puede utilizarse como norma de referencia para el entrenamiento físico de otros equipos de fútbol de alto nivel. Nivel de evidencia II; Estudios terapéuticos - Investigación de resultados.

Abstract Objective: The objective of this meta-analysis is to evaluate the diagnostic value of serum Cystatin C in acute kidney injury (AKI) in neonates Sources: PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and WanFang Database were searched to retrieve the literature related to the diagnostic value of Cystatin C for neonatal AKI from inception to May 10, 2021. Subsequently, the quality of included studies was determined using the QUADAS-2 tool. Stata 15.0 statistical software was used to calculate the combined sensitivity (SEN), specificity (SPE), positive likelihood ratio (PLR), negative likelihood ratio (NLR), and diagnostic odds ratio (DOR). Additionally, meta-regression analysis and subgroup analysis contributed to explore the sources of heterogeneity Summary of the findings: Twelve articles were included. The pooled sensitivity was 0.84 (95%CI: 0.74-0.91), the pooled specificity was 0.81 (95%CI: 0.75-0.86), the pooled PLR was 4.39 (95%CI: 3.23-5.97), the pooled NLR was 0.19 (95%CI: 0.11-0.34), and the DOR was 22.58 (95%CI: 10.44-48.83). The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) was 0.88 (95%CI: 0.85-0.90). No significant publication bias was identified (p > 0.05).

Abstract Background: This study aimed to evaluate the impact of Infiltration between the Popliteal Artery and Capsule of the posterior Knee (IPACK) combined with an adductor canal block under the guidance of ultrasound on early motor function after Total Knee Arthroplasty (TKA). Methods: A sample of 60 cases who were scheduled for elective unilateral TKA were divided into two groups using random number table method: a group with IPACK combined with an adductor canal block (I group, n = 30), and a group with femoral nerve block combined with superior popliteal sciatic nerve block (FS group, n = 30). Before anesthesia induction was completed, the patients in I group received an ultrasound-guided adductor canal block with 15 mL of 0.375% ropivacaine and an IPACK block with 25 mL of ropivacaine, and the patients in FS group received a femoral nerve block and a superior popliteal sciatic nerve block with 20 mL of 0.375% ropivacaine under ultrasound guidance. Post-operation, all the patients received patient-controlled intravenous analgesia combined with an oral celecoxib capsule to relieve pain and maintain a visual analogue scale score of ≤ 3. Results: The quadriceps femoris muscle strength score was significantly higher in I group than in FS group (p = 0.001), while the modified Bromage score were significantly lower and walking distance results were significantly higher in I group than in FS group (both p = 0.000). Conclusion: Compared with femoral nerve block combined with superior popliteal sciatic nerve block, IPACK combined with adductor canal block had a mild impact on early motor functions after TKA.

Abstract Background: The internal NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (NDA) gene family was a member of the NAD(P)H dehydrogenase (ND) gene family, mainly involved in the non-phosphorylated respiratory pathways in mitochondria and played crucial roles in response to abiotic stress. Methods: The whole genome identification, structure analysis and expression pattern of NDA gene family were conducted to analyze the NDA gene family. Results: There were 51, 52, 26, and 24 NDA genes identified in G. hirsutum, G. barbadense, G. arboreum and G. raimondii, respectively. According to the structural characteristics of genes and traits of phylogenetic tree, we divided the NDA gene family into 8 clades. Gene structure analysis showed that the NDA gene family was relatively conservative. The four Gossypium species had good collinearity, and segmental duplication played an important role in the evolution of the NDA gene family. Analysis of cis-elements showed that most GhNDA genes contained cis-elements related to light response and plant hormones (ABA, MeJA and GA). The analysis of the expression patterns of GhNDA genes under different alkaline stress showed that GhNDA genes were actively involved in the response to alkaline stress, possibly through different molecular mechanisms. By analyzing the existing RNA-Seq data after alkaline stress, it was found that an NDA family gene GhNDA32 was expressed, and then theGhNDA32 was silenced by virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS). By observing the phenotype, we found that the wilting degree of silenced plants was much higher than that of the control plant after alkaline treatment, suggesting that GhNDA32 gene was involved in the response to alkaline stress. Conclusions: In this study, GhNDAs participated in response to alkaline stress, especially NaHCO3 stress. It was of great significance for the future research on the molecular mechanism of NDA gene family in responding to abiotic stresses.

ABSTRACT Purpose: This study investigated the effects of oral administration of Clostridium butyricum (C. butyricum) on inflammation, oxidative stress, and gut flora in rats with hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury (HIRI). Methods: The rats from C. butyricum group were given C. butyricum for 5 days. Then, hepatic ischemia for 30 min and reperfusion for 6 h were performed in all the rats. After the animals were sacrificed, alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in serum, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), and gut microbiota composition in feces, and malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6), Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), nuclear factor-kappa Bp65 (NF-κBp65) and histological analysis in the liver were performed. Results: The rats given C. butyricum showed decreased ALT, AST, LPS, and MDA; improved GSH and histological damage; changes in SCFAs; declined TNF-α, IL-6, TLR4, and pNF-κBp65/NF-κBp65; and changes in the gut microbial composition, which decreased the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio and increased the relative abundance (RA) of probiotics. Conclusions: C. butyricum supplementation protected against HIRI by regulating gut microbial composition, which contributed to the decreased LPS and attenuation of inflammation and oxidative stress. These indicate C. butyricum may be a potent clinical preoperative dietary supplement for HIRI.

Abstract Hordeum californicum (H. californicum, 2n=2X=14, HcHc), one of the wild relatives of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), harbors many desirable genes and is a potential genetic resource for wheat improvement. In this study, an elite line ND646 was selected from a BC4F5 population, which was developed using 60Co-γ irradiated wheat-H. californicum disomic addition line WJ28-1 (DA6Hc) as the donor parent and Ningchun 4 as the recurrent parent. ND646 was identified as a novel wheat-H. californicum 6HcS/6BL translocation line using genomic in situ hybridization (GISH), fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH), and H. californicum-specific expressed sequence tag (EST) markers. Further evaluation revealed that ND646 had excellent performance in several traits, such as a higher sedimentation value (SV), higher water absorption rate (WAR), and higher hardness index (HI). More importantly, it had more kernels per spike (KPS), a higher grain yields (GY), and good resistance to powdery mildew, leaf rust, and 2,4-D butylate (2,4-D). Its excellent phenotypic performance laid the foundation for further investigation of its genetic architecture and makes ND646 a useful germplasm resource for wheat breeding.

Abstract To investigate the value of edible horticultural therapy (EHT) for long-term-hospitalized (LTH) female patients who suffered from schizophrenia. 60 female schizophrenic patients hospitalized in our hospital were randomly divided into EHT group and control group, with 30 cases in each group. The EHT group was combined with EHT on the basis of drug treatment, and the control group was only treated with drug treatment. The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale (BPRS), the Chinese version Scale of Social Functioning for Psychotic Inpatients (SSFPI), and the Life Satisfaction Index A (LSIA) were compared and analyzed between two groups. After 6 weeks of treatment, the SSFPI score of EHT group increased and was significantly higher than that of the control group. After treatment, the LSIA index of EHT group was higher than that of the control group, and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The BPRS index of EHT group was significantly lower than that before treatment, but there was little change in the control group. There was significant difference between the two groups (P < 0.05). EHT maybe valuable for improving clinical symptoms of schizophrenia and recovery of social function. Clinical registration number:researchregistry7590