Abstract Introduction The relationship between obesity and physical activity is still unknown in specific groups, such as people living with ostomies. Objective To assess the prevalence of obesity and the level of physical activity in ostomized individuals. Methods A cross-sectional study with a population of ostomized patients in two hospitals of a Brazilian city. Obesity was assessed by the Body Mass Index (BMI) and physical activity, by the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Results The study included 148 patients (55.4% of men [82]), with a mean age of 58.5 (±17.8) years, with 56.1% (83) of the sample aged 60 or older. Colostomies were identified as definitive in 67.6% (100), there were 28 cases (18.9%) of obesity, 67 (45.3%) overweight patients, and 31 (20.9%) subjects were underweight. Sedentary lifestyle was identified in 40.5% (60) of the participants. The mean BMI was significantly higher in men (25.9 ± 5.1), and a higher proportion of men were overweight (28; 34.1%); the underweight group had a greater proportion of women (20; 30.3%). An association between physical inactivity and underweight (p = 0.003) was found. Conclusion Most patients with ostomies, especially colostomies, are men over 60 years of age who are overweight or obese. In general, underweight individuals are more sedentary.

Abstract Sex steroid hormones are critical in gonadal differentiation in turtles. The gonads are not the only organs responsible for producing these hormones during this phase. Mesonephros play an important role in steroidogenesis. The present study aimed to investigate the presence of steroidogenic cells in mesonephros of Podocnemis expansa during gonadal differentiation and to evaluate their morphology and ultrastructure. Ten embryos of P. expansa were collected from 5 nests on day 36 of incubation, during spawning period on an artificial beach. Embryos were extracted from eggs by slicing the shell and euthanized. They were dissected under a stereoscopic microscope to collect the gonad-mesonephro complex, in which were fixed and subsequently processed for light microscopy, immunohistochemistry and transmission electron microscopy analysis. During histological analysis was observed mesonephros has typical morphological structure. Immunohistochemistry showed immunoreaction to aromatase in cells of intertubular space. Confirming these findings, it was possible to observe a type of intertubular cell in several regions of mesonephro, being more predominant in region close to blood vessels, distal and proximal tubules. In ultrastructural analysis these cells were characterized by having a clear, large, and rounded nucleus with evident nucleolus and cytoplasm rich in electron-dense droplets. This study demonstrated for the first time the presence of cells with morphological, immunohistochemical and ultrastructural characteristics similar to steroid-producing cells in P. expansa mesonephrons, suggesting that this organ may contribute to gonadal differentiation in this species.

Abstract A factorial categorical design totalling six treatments was applied to investigate the influence of the substitution of corn starch with whole and partially defatted chia flour under the technical characteristics (centesimal composition, instrumental analyses, and sensory evaluation) and nutritional disorders (composition of fatty acids and index of the nutritional quality of the lipid fraction) of ‘dulce de leche’ concentrated to 72 and 78 °B. The treatments with chia flour concentrated to 72 °B showed higher moisture content and lower compression force, and when the concentration range increased to 78 °B, the levels of total lipids amounted up to 1.40 times when compared to treatment with corn starch. The polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly omega-3 and omega-6 levels, were higher in treatments with chia flour on both tracks of concentration, allowing a reduction in the atherogenic index and thrombogenic index effects and the n-6/n-3 ratio. The treatments of ‘dulce de leche’ with a lower concentration of soluble solids obtained greater acceptance and consumer purchase intention. The application of whole chia flour in small proportions and in the concentration of 72 °B was the most appropriate under the studied conditions, showing improvement in the nutritional quality and with good technical aspects of candy made with goat milk.

Abstract The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of oral and maxillofacial lesions among children from representative regions of Brazil. A retrospective descriptive study was conducted. Biopsy records comprising the period from 2000 to 2015 were obtained from the archives of three Brazilian oral pathology referral centers. A total of 32,506 biopsy specimens were analyzed, and specimens from 1,706 children aged 0–12 years were selected. Gender, age, anatomical location and histopathological diagnosis were evaluated. Descriptive statistics was carried out. Likelihood ratio tests were used to evaluate the association between the categorical variables. The level of significance was set at 0.05. The post-hoc test was used to identify the subgroups that significantly differed from one another, and the Bonferroni correction was applied. A total of 1,706 oral and maxillofacial lesions were diagnosed in pediatric patients, including 51.9% girls. Oral mucocele was the most prevalent reactive/inflammatory lesion (64%). The most commonly affected sites were the lips (34.5%) and mandible (19.9%). A significant association was observed between age and the group of lesions of the oral cavity (p < 0.001), and between age and anatomical location (p < 0.001). Pediatric oral and maxillofacial lesions were frequent and showed wide diversity, with the prevalence of mucocele. Knowledge of oral lesions is important for pediatric dentists worldwide, since it provides accurate data for the diagnosis and oral health of children.

RESUMO: Objetivou-se com este trabalho apresentar uma revisão da literatura sobre as características, aplicações e potencialidades do abacate (Persea americana). O abacate é considerado um dos principais frutos tropicais, pois possui as vitaminas lipossolúveis que, em geral, são deficientes nas outras frutas. Além destas, contém proteínas e elevados teores de potássio e ácidos graxos insaturados. Apresenta quantidade variável de óleo na polpa, sendo esta vastamente utilizada nas indústrias farmacêutica e de cosméticos, e na obtenção de óleos comerciais similares ao azeite de oliva. Esse fruto tem sido reconhecido por seus benefícios à saúde, especialmente em função dos compostos presentes na fração lipídica, como ácidos graxos ômega, fitoesterois, tocoferois e esqualeno. Estudos têm demonstrado os benefícios do abacate associado a uma dieta balanceada, principalmente, na redução do colesterol e na prevenção de doenças cardiovasculares. A polpa do abacate na forma processada é uma alternativa para aproveitar os frutos, passível de ser utilizada em diversos produtos alimentícios de maior valor agregado. O extrato fluido das folhas do abacateiro é muito utilizado em produtos farmacêuticos, principalmente, pelo caráter diurético de compostos presentes nas folhas da planta. Com o aumento das pesquisas que comprovam as características nutricionais e os benefícios do abacate, a tendência é aumentar a produção e exploração dessa matéria-prima no Brasil, como já acontece em outros países.

ABSTRACT: This study aimed to present a literature review about the characteristics, applications, and potential of avocado (Persea americana). Avocado is considered one of the main tropical fruits, as it contains fat-soluble vitamins which are less common in other fruits, besides high levels of protein, potassium and unsaturated fatty acids. Avocado pulp contains variable oil content, and is widely used in the pharmaceutical and cosmetics industry, and in the production of commercial oils similar to olive oil. This fruit has been recognized for its health benefits, especially due to the compounds present in the lipidic fraction, such as omega fatty acids, phytosterols, tocopherols and squalene. Studies have shown the benefits of avocado associated to a balanced diet, especially in reducing cholesterol and preventing cardiovascular diseases. The processed avocado pulp is an alternative to utilize fruits, which can be used in various value-added food products. Fluid extract of the avocado leaves is widely used in pharmaceutical products, mainly due to the diuretic characteristic of the present compounds in plant leaves. With the increasing research supporting the nutritional characteristics and benefits of avocado, the tendency is to increase the production and exploitation of this raw material in Brazil, as also observed in other countries.

Nowadays, a large number of men suffer from hyperplasia of the prostate, and the surgery is a frequent choice of treatment. The important role of the nursing is emphasized in the patients' preparation for the self-care after the discharge. The present article has the purpose to present a reflection on the importance of the implementation of specific nursing care in the preparation of prostatectomized patients for the discharge. Providing information in general, on care with the urinary catheter, even aspects regarding to the patients' approach due to the possibility of urinary incontinence and sexual dysfunction are examples of discussed topics. It is highlighted the importance in assuring an effective performance of the nursing team in the patients' preparation for the self-care after the discharge, what can contribute to the reduction of the anxiety, more confidence in performing the self-care, and faster recovery of the patient.

Actualmente un alto número de hombres presenta hiperplasia de la próstata, siendo la cirugía es una opción frecuente de tratamiento. Se resalta el importante papel de la enfermería en la preparación de los pacientes para el auto cuidado después del alta. El presente artículo tiene como propuesta presentar una reflexión sobre la importancia de la aplicación de cuidados específicos de enfermería en la preparación de pacientes prostatectomizados para el alta. La disponibilización de informaciones, orientaciones sobre cuidados con el catéter urinario, además de aspectos relativos al abordaje de los pacientes delante de la posibilidad de incontinencia urinaria y trastorno sexual son ejemplos de temas discutidos. Se resalta la importancia de asegurar una actuación efectiva de la enfermería en la preparación de los pacientes para el auto cuidado después del alta, puesto que eso puede contribuir para la reducción de la ansiedad, más confianza para la realización del auto cuidado, y mejor recuperación de los pacientes.

Atualmente um grande número de homens apresenta hiperplasia da próstata, sendo a cirurgia uma frequente opção de tratamento. Ressalta-se o importante papel da enfermagem no preparo dos pacientes para o autocuidado após a alta. O presente artigo tem como proposta apresentar uma reflexão sobre a importância da implementação de cuidados específicos de enfermagem no preparo de pacientes prostatectomizados para a alta. Informações e orientações sobre cuidados com o cateter vesical de demora, além de aspectos relativos à abordagem dos pacientes diante da possibilidade de incontinência urinária e disfunção sexual, são exemplos de tópicos discutidos. Destaca-se a importância de assegurar uma atuação efetiva da enfermagem no preparo dos pacientes para o autocuidado após a alta, o que pode contribuir para a redução de sua ansiedade, maior segurança no autocuidado e sua melhor recuperação.

The aim of this qualitative study was to: examine child feeding practices of children 0-2 years of age born to HIV+ mothers and, identify factors related to the distribution and receipt of infant formula at government health units. Fifteen in-depth interviews were conducted with women who had children between 0 and 2 years of age and who were receiving health services at the referral Hospital for Infectious Diseases in Brazil by trained interviewers using a semi-structured questionnaire including open-ended questions. Two main themes were identified: 1. issues related to access and receipt of infant formula by HIV+ mothers; 2. child feeding practices. Study results showed that HIV+ mothers face several barriers to access and receive infant formulas for their children and that they also have difficulties with daily child feeding practices. The lack of preparedness of the health units to address the needs of HIV+ mothers with infants was revealed by this study, indicating the complexity of rendering services to this population group by current existing health services. In addition, study results showed that the diet of the children is rich in carbohydrates and dairy, with early introduction of “table food” and processed foods. Findings suggest the need for multidisciplinary teams adequately trained to follow up the growth and development of these children in order to guarantee the food security of this high-risk group.

El estudio tuvo como objetivo conocer las prácticas alimentares de madres, portadoras de VIH positivo, con sus hijos nacidos después del diagnostico de la infección. Estudio seccional exploratorio, fundamentado en la metodología cualitativa. Para la colecta de datos se utilizaron entrevistas individuales con 15 mujeres seropositivas seguidas en el ambulatorio de pediatría de un Hospital de Enfermedades Infecciosas en Fortaleza, Ceará, de marzo a junio de 2005, cuyos análisis indicaron dos categorías temáticas: recibiendo la leche artificial- experiencia de las mujeres seropositivas; alimentos ofrecidos a los niños. Se observó que existen dificultades para recibir la leche donada a sus hijos, así como en la preparación de los alimentos. Hay una falta de rutina en la distribución de la fórmula infantil en las Unidades de Salud, demostrando la complejidad del seguimiento de este tipo de demanda. Las prácticas alimentarias inadecuadas utilizadas por las madres fueron: dilución incorrecta, adición de complementos energéticos e introducción precoz de alimentos no lácteos. Se concluye que hay necesidad de un equipo capacitado para mejorar la organización y la distribución de la fórmula infantil y principalmente para la orientación y preparación de los alimentos, garantizando la seguridad alimentaría de este grupo vulnerable.

O objetivo deste estudo foi conhecer as práticas alimentares de crianças de 0-2 anos, filhas de mães portadores de HIV e foi fundamentado na metodologia qualitativa. Para a coleta de dados utilizaram-se entrevistas com 15 mulheres soropositivas acompanhadas no ambulatório de pediatria de um Hospital de Doenças Infecciosas em Fortaleza, Ceará, de março a junho de 2005, cujas análises apontaram duas categorias temáticas: 1. recebendo o leite artificial - experiência das mulheres soropositivas e 2. os alimentos oferecidos às crianças. Apreendeu-se que existem dificuldades para receber o leite doado a seus filhos, bem como na preparação dos alimentos. Há falta de rotina na distribuição da fórmula infantil nas Unidades de Saúde, demonstrando a complexidade do acompanhamento desse tipo de demanda. As práticas alimentares inadequadas utilizadas pelas mães foram: diluições incorretas, adição de complementos energéticos e introdução precoce de alimentos não lácteos. Conclui-se que há necessidade de equipe capacitada para melhorar a organização e distribuição da fórmula infantil e, principalmente, na orientação e preparo dos alimentos, garantindo a segurança alimentar deste grupo vulnerável.

Neste trabalho foi realizado o primeiro levantamento da macrofauna de fital da ilha da Queimada Pequena, focalizando o registro das espécies de moluscos, crustáceos e equinodermos associados a Sargassum spp. Para a amostragem da macrofauna associada, foram coletadas aleatoriamente 6 frondes de Sargassum localizadas a 6 m de profundidade, usando-se equipamento de mergulho autônomo. As frondes foram envolvidas em sacos de tecido com malha de 200 mm, mraspadas do substrato, colocadas em recipientes com uma solução de formaldeído 10% e levadas ao laboratório para remoção e identificação da fauna. Quarenta e um táxons foram identificados, havendo dominância de crustáceos peracáridos. Em relação aos Mollusca, a composição específica foi diferente em relação àquela observada na costa norte do estado de São Paulo. Das 16 espécies de moluscos encontradas, apenas os gastrópodes dos gêneros Anachis e Odostomia e os bivalves dos gêneros Musculus e Modiolus são representantes da fauna associada à Sargassum comuns às duas regiões do estado de São Paulo, embora representantes do gênero Fissurela já tenham sido relatados na região de Santos em associação à alga Amphiroa fragilissima. A ocorrência do bivalve exótico Isognomon bicolor também foi confirmada. Os dados obtidos sugerem que a fauna de moluscos pode realmente ser distinta na região norte e sul do estado. No entanto, são necessários estudos mais extensos para confirmar esses resultados e para subsidiar futuras estratégias de manejo dessa unidade de conservação.

This work represents the first effort to assess the phytal macrofauna of Queimada Pequena island and was focused in mollusks, crustaceans and echinoderms associated to Sargassum spp. Sampling of the macrofauna was performed by random collections of 6 Sargassum fronds 6 m deep using SCUBA. The fronds were sealed underwater in individual 200 mm mesh bags and detached from the rocky shore. The samples were preserved in recipients in 10% formalin and carried to the laboratory to remove and identify the associated fauna. Forty one taxa were registered, with dominance of peracarid crustaceans. Mollusk composition is different from that of northern São Paulo coast. From the sixteen mollusk species recorded, only the gastropod genera Anachis and Odostomia and the bivalves Musculus and Modiolus were recorded in the Sargassum macrofauna at both coastal regions of São Paulo state, although the genus Fissurela had already been recorded at Santos region associated with the alga Amphiroa fragilissima. The occurrence of the exotic bivalve Isognomon bicolor was also confirmed. Our data suggest differences in the composition of molluskan fauna between southern and northern coasts of the state. Extensive investigations are necessary to confirm these results and to support management strategies in this conservation unit.