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ABSTRACT Background: Leprosy is a neglected chronic infection caused by Mycobacterium leprae, that is curable. The magnitude of the disease and severity of the debilitation it causes renders leprosy a public health problem. This study aimed to analyze the endemic profile of leprosy in the Murrupula district and evaluate the socioeconomic, clinical, and serological profiles of leprosy contacts. Methods: A cross-sectional study of patients with leprosy diagnosed between 2013 and 2017 and their household and community contacts was conducted in Murrupula District, Nampula Province, Mozambique. Interviews, simplified dermatoneurological examinations, Mycobacterium leprae flow (ML Flow) tests, and Mitsuda tests were performed. Results: Most of the leprosy cases were multibacillary. The patients had some degree of physical disability. ML Flow positivity was more common in household contacts of the patients diagnosed with leprosy and in community individuals who spontaneously presented for testing. In total, 17 patients were diagnosed with leprosy. Conclusions: This study revealed an active chain of transmission, hidden prevalence, and operational deficiencies in leprosy surveillance and care. The results suggest that the implementation of a public health policy for leprosy prevention and control in Nampula Province is necessary. In future, the possibility of expanding the policy to the entire country should be considered.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0037-8682-0321-2022

O POTENCIAL DA XANTONA NATURAL α-MANGOSTINA NO DESENVOLVIMENTO DE NOVOS AGENTES ANTI-INFECCIOSOS: UMA REVISÃO
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Pinto, Douglas Chaves de Alcântara

; Souza, Gabriela Alves de

; Pitasse-Santos, Paulo

; Velez, Afonso Santine M. M.

; Decote-Ricardo, Debora

; Santos, Debora Regina Lopes dos

; Freire-de-Lima, Leonardo

; Freire-de-Lima, Célio G.

; Lima, Marco Edilson Freire de

Química Nova

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2023, Volume 46 N. 1 Pages 77 - 94

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

The mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana, Linn.) is a tropical fruit cultivated in the tropical forests of Southeast Asian countries. It is recognized as the queen of fruits due to its unique color, aroma, and flavor. It has been used for centuries in Southeastern Asian traditional medicine for the treatment of various diseases. Many functional molecules with high medicinal value are obtained from the pericarp of mangosteen fruit, whose major constituent is xanthone α-mangostin. Several studies have been carried out over the last decades to further investigate and understand the pharmacological properties associated with the plant and its main chemical constituents, belonging to the class of xanthones. In addition, numerous in vitro and in vivo studies related to mangosteen have been published, indicating its importance and its potential application in medicinal chemistry. Prenylated xanthones, which include α-mangostin, are secondary metabolites particularly common in plants belonging to the Clusiaceae family. These substances have been intensively investigated for their potential as biologically active agents. This article describes a critical analysis of published data related to the properties of α-mangostin, aiming to provide a more detailed view of its potential as a chemotherapeutic agent for the prevention and treatment of infectious diseases.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0100-4042.20170954

Rumo à equidade em saúde: por uma agenda de pesquisa e desenvolvimento e produção local orientada pelas múltiplas necessidades do Sistema Único de Saúde
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Barbeitas, Mady Malheiros

; Antonielli, Alila Brossard

; Chaves, Gabriela Costa

; Kameda, Koichi

Cadernos de Saúde Pública

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2023, Volume 39 N. 9 elocation e00073623

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-311xpt073623

Toxicity and synergism of the essential oil of Piper aduncum L. in populations of Sitophilus zeamais (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)1
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Oliveira, Roger Ventura

; Sousa, Adalberto Hipólito de

; Tamwing, Gabriela da Silva

; Mota, Bárbara Barbosa

; Silva, Márcio Chaves da

Pesquisa Agropecuária Tropical

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2023, Volume 53 elocation e76287

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Estudos sobre o uso de óleo essencial de Piper aduncum L. (OEPA) como sinérgico em pragas de grãos armazenados ainda são incipientes. Objetivou-se determinar a toxicidade de deltametrina e OEPA, bem como estudar o efeito da mistura binária de OEPA + deltametrina, em cinco populações brasileiras de Sitophilus zeamais. A toxicidade foi investigada com base em dados de concentração-mortalidade de deltametrina e OEPA em treze populações de S. zeamais. A população padrão de suscetibilidade de ¼ CL20 foi utilizada com as combinações de deltametrina para gerar concentrações letais capazes de causar mortalidade de 50 e 95 % (CL50 e CL95). Uma mistura binária de OEPA x deltametrina também foi testada em cinco populações de S. zeamais para detectar o efeito sinérgico com a deltametrina. As curvas concentração-mortalidade foram geradas e os valores de toxicidade residual após 24 h de exposição variaram 0,003-0,08 µL cm-2 para deltametrina, 0,04-2,038 µL cm-2 para OEPA e 0,0016-0,014 µL cm-2 para a mistura binária. As populações de S. zeamais apresentaram toxicidade desigual em resposta à deltametrina. A população de Jacarezinho (PR) apresentou resistência, com os índices de toxicidade para CL50 aumentando 3,06 e 4,13 vezes, em comparação às populações suscetíveis para OEPA e deltametrina, respectivamente. A população de Barbacena (MG) foi considerada padrão de suscetibilidade nos bioensaios de toxicidade de OEPA. A mistura binária suprimiu o mecanismo de resistência das populações de S. zeamais testadas devido à ação sinérgica do bioinseticida com a deltametrina.

ABSTRACT Researches on the use of essential oil of Piper aduncum L. (EOPA) as a synergist in stored grain pests are still incipient. This study aimed to determine the toxicity of deltamethrin and EOPA, as well as to study the effect of the binary mixture of EOPA + deltamethrin, on five Sitophilus zeamais Brazilian populations. The toxicity was investigated based on concentration-mortality data from deltamethrin and EOPA in thirteen S. zeamais populations. The standard susceptibility population of ¼ LC20 was used with the deltamethrin combinations to generate lethal concentrations capable of causing 50 and 95 % of mortality (LC50 and LC95). A binary mixture of EOPA x deltamethrin was also tested in five S. zeamais populations to detect the synergistic effect with the deltamethrin. The concentration-mortality curves were generated, and the residual toxicity values after 24 h of exposure ranged 0.003-0.08 µL cm-2 for deltamethrin, 0.04-2.038 µL cm-2 for EOPA and 0.0016-0.014 µL cm-2 for the binary mixture. The S. zeamais populations showed an uneven toxicity in response to the deltamethrin. The Jacarezinho (Paraná state) population showed resistance, with toxicity ratios for LC50 increasing by 3.06 and 4.13 times, when compared to susceptible populations, for EOPA and deltamethrin, respectively. The Barbacena (Minas Gerais state) population was considered as the susceptibility standard in the EOPA toxicity bioassays. The binary mixture suppressed the resistance mechanism of the tested S. zeamais populations due to the synergistic action of the bioinsecticide with the deltamethrin.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-40632023v5376287

Momordica charantia extract modulates inﬂammatory response in human lymphocytes via suppression of TNF-α
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Fischer, Paula

; Mendes-Gomes, Gabriela Cristiane

; Frasson-Etcheverry, Bibiana

; Vieira-Rios, Nathália

; Espindola-Chaves, Pamella Eduardha

; Clori-Sotelo, Emily

; Nascimento-Campos, Dyene

; Zuravski, Luísa

; Acunha-Escobar, Taiane

; Mansur-Machado, Michel

Ars Pharmaceutica (Internet)

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dec 2022, Volume 63 N. 4 Pages 320 - 334

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen Introducción: Momordica charantia L. es ampliamente utilizada para consumo y medicina tradicional debido a sus actividades biológicas. Sin embargo, se sabe poco sobre los efectos del melón amargo en las células sanas. Por lo tanto, nuestro objetivo fue evaluar los efectos del extracto de Momordica charantia en linfocitos humanos aislados, especialmente en aspectos inflamatorios, citotóxicos, genotóxicos y mutagénicos. Método: Para ello se preparó un extracto hidroetanólico con frutos y semillas y se procedió a la identificación y cuantificación fitoquímica. Los linfocitos humanos purificados se expusieron a 12,5; 25; 50 µg/mL de extracto de Momordica charantia durante 24 horas y después de este período. Resultados: Los datos mostraron que el extracto de Momordica charantia no indujo citotoxicidad, alteraciones en la frecuencia de micronúcleos, ni actividad de interleucina-6, interleucina-10 ciclooxigenasa-2 y producción de óxido nítrico; sin embargo, causó daño en el ADN y una disminución de TNF-α en las condiciones experimentales y células aplicadas. Conclusiones: Nuestros datos proponen un proceso antiinflamatorio generado por Momordica charantia mediado por la reducción de TNF-α.

Abstract Introduction: Momordica charantia L. is widely used for consumption and traditional medicine due to its biological activities. Nevertheless, little is known about the effects of bitter melon on healthy cells. Hence, we aimed to evaluate the effects of Momordica charantia extract in human isolated lymphocytes, especially on inflammatory, cytotoxicity, genotoxicity, and mutagenicity aspects. Method: For this, we prepared a hydroethanolic extract with fruits and seeds and proceeded with phytochemical identification and quantification. The human purified lymphocytes were exposed to 12.5, 25, and 50 µg/mL of Momordica charantia extract for 24h and, after this period. Results: The data showed that the Momordica charantia extract did not induce cytotoxicity, micronucleus frequency alterations, or interleukin-6, interleukin-10 cyclooxygenase-2 activity and the production of nitric oxide; however, it caused DNA damage and a decrease of TNF-α under the experimental conditions and cells applied. Conclusions: Our data propose an anti-inflammatory process generated by Momordica charantia mediated by TNF-α reduction.

https://doi.org/10.30827/ars.v63i4.24256

Recomendaciones en el abordaje del hematoma intracerebral espontáneo durante la internación
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Pigretti, Santiago G.

; Mirofsky, Matías

; García, Darío E.

; Issac, Cristian

; Valdez, Pascual

; Persi, Gabriel G.

; Mamani, Carlos E.

; Guyon, Jorgelina

; Álvarez, Héctor

; Montes, Mariana

; Daza Aramayo, José M.

; Iturrieta, Pablo

; Chaves, Hernán

; Sarmiento, Verónica

; Tumino, Leandro

; Domeniconi, Gustavo

; Castagna, Rosa

; Sabio, Rodrigo

; Videtta, Walter

; Ciarrocchi, Nicolás

; Lerman, Damián

; Dossi, Daiana E.

; Balian, Natalia R.

; Velasquez, Mariela A.

; Rufino Saravia, Gonzalo

; Alet, Matías J.

; Rodríguez Lucci, Federico

; Ciardi, Celina

; Pujol Lereis, Virginia

; Claverie, Santiago

; Casanova, Matías

; González, Leonardo

; Mónaco, Juan Manuel

; Cárdenas, Rolando E.

; Cirio, Juan José

; Arturi, Jessica

; Requejo, Flavio

; Plou, Pedro L.

; Orzuza, Gabriela

; Bonardo, Pablo

; Díaz, María Fernanda

; Payaslian, Silvio

; Andrade, María Gabriela

; Gomez Schneider, Maia M.

; Romano, Marina

; Colla Machado, Pedro

; Arroyo, José

; Arcondo, María Florencia

; Svampa, Silvana

; Armenteros, Cristhian

; Tejada Jacob, Virginia

; Zurrú, María Cristina

Medicina (Buenos Aires)

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nov 2022, Volume 82 Suppl. 4 Pages 1 - 56

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen El accidente cerebrovascular (ACV) constituye la principal causa de discapacidad de origen neuro- lógico en los adultos mayores a 40 años y la cuarta causa de muerte en Argentina. En los últimos diez años las publicaciones indexadas relacionadas al tratamiento del ACV isquémico fueron más numerosas que las de ACV hemorrágico. El objetivo de este material es proporcionar recomendaciones locales y actualiza- das del abordaje de pacientes con hematoma intraparenquimatoso espontáneo durante la internación. Para la redacción de este manuscrito se convocó a especialistas en esta enfermedad que conformaron grupos de trabajo. Se plantearon 10 tópicos centrales expresados como epidemiologia, atención inicial, imágenes, tratamiento de la presión arterial, reversión de antitrombóticos, indicación de cirugía, profilaxis anticonvulsivante, pronóstico, prevención de complicaciones y reinicio de antitrombóticos. De cada tópico se plantearon mediante preguntas PICO los interrogantes más frecuentes de la práctica diaria. Luego de una revisión sistemática de la literatura, se generaron recomendaciones evaluadas mediante sistema GRADE y consensuadas entre autores y pacientes.

Abstract Stroke is the leading cause of neurological disability in people over 40 years of age and the fourth leading cause of death in Argentina. In the last ten years, the indexed publications related to the treatment of ischemic stroke were more numerous than those of hemorrhagic stroke. The objective of this material is to provide local and updated recommendations for the management of patients with spontaneous intracere- bral hemorrhage during hospitalization. For the writing of this manuscript, diferent specialists were convened to form working groups. Ten central topics expressed as epidemiology, initial care, imaging, blood pressure treatment, reversal of antithrombotics, indication for surgery, seizure prophylaxis, prognosis, prevention of complications and resumption of antithrombotics were raised. For each topic, the most frequent questions of daily practice were raised through PICO questions. After a systematic review of the literature, recommendations were generated, evaluated using the GRADE system and agreed between authors and patients.

Oral mucoceles: A Brazillian Multicenter Study of 1,901 Cases
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Miranda, Georgea Gabriela Barreto

; Chaves-Junior, Samuel de Carvalho

; Lopes, Matheus Paschoaletto

; Rocha, Talytha Barbosa da

; Colares, Débora Frota

; Ito, Fábio Augusto

; Cavalcante, Israel Leal

; Cavalcante, Roberta Barroso

; Andrade, Bruno Augusto Benevenuto de

; Nonaka, Cassiano Francisco Weege

; Alves, Pollianna Muniz

; Albuquerque-Júnior, Ricardo Luiz Cavalcanti de

; Cunha, John Lennon Silva

Brazilian Dental Journal

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oct 2022, Volume 33 N. 5 Pages 81 - 90

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo A mucocele oral (MO) é a lesão mais comum das glândulas salivares menores. O presente estudo teve como objetivo relatar as características clínicas e demográficas de uma grande série de MOs e identificar possíveis variáveis preditivas associadas à taxa de recorrência dessas lesões. Foi realizado um estudo transversal descritivo retrospectivo. Foram analisados 43.754 registros de biópsias de quatro serviços de patologia no Brasil. Todos os casos diagnosticados como MOs foram revisados e dados clínicos e demográficos foram coletados. Participaram do estudo 1.002 mulheres (56,2%) e 782 homens (43,8%), com média de idade de 19,8 ± 16,4 anos (variação: 01-87 anos) e proporção de mulheres para homens de 1,3:1. O lábio inferior (n=1.160; 67,4%) e assoalho da boca (n=172; 10,0%), foram os locais mais acometidos, apresentando-se clinicamente como nódulos (n=978; 79,4%) de superfície lisa (n =428; 77,5%) e coloração normal (n=768, 46,7%). A biópsia excisional foi o tratamento na maioria dos casos (n=1.392; 78,0%). As MOs recorrentes representaram 6,2% de todos os casos diagnosticados (n = 117). As recorrências recorreram mais comumente em pacientes mais jovens (idade < 20 anos) (p < 0,0001), em lesões maiores que 2 cm de diâmetro (p < 0,0001) e naquelas localizadas na superfície ventral da língua (p = 0,0351). Além disso, as taxas de recorrência foram significativamente maiores nos casos tratados com cirurgia a laser do que aqueles com cirurgia convencional utilizando bisturi (p = 0,0005). Pacientes com mucoceles devem ser informados sobre uma possível recorrência, principalmente quando encontrados no lábio ou assoalho bucal de pacientes jovens.

Abstract Oral mucocele (OM) is the most common lesion of minor salivary glands. The present study aimed to report the clinical and demographic features of a large series of OMs and identify possible predictive variables associated with the recurrence rate of these lesions. A retrospective descriptive cross-sectional study was performed. A total of 43,754 biopsy records from four pathology services in Brazil were analyzed. All cases of OMs were reviewed, and clinical and demographic data were collected. The study comprised 1,002 females (56.2%) and 782 males (43.8%), with a mean age of 19.8±16.4 years (range: 01-87 years) and a 1.3:1 female-to-male ratio. The lower lip (n=1,160; 67.4%), and floor of the mouth (n=172; 10.0%), were the most common affected sites, presenting clinically as nodules (n=978; 79.4%) of smooth surface (n=428; 77.5%) and normal color (n=768, 46.7%). Excisional biopsy was the treatment in most cases (n=1,392; 78.0%). Recurrent OMs represented 6.2% of all diagnosed cases (n=117). OMs recurred more commonly in younger patients (aged<20 years) (p<0.0001), in lesions larger than 2 cm in diameter (p<0.0001), and in those located in the ventral tongue (p=0.0351). Also, recurrence rates were higher significantly in cases treated with laser surgery than in those with conventional surgery (p=0.0005). Patients with OMs should be carefully informed of its possible recurrence, especially when found on the ventral tongue of young patients.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-6440202204965

Barreiras para o encaminhamento para o cuidado paliativo exclusivo: a percepção do oncologista
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Freitas, Renata de

; Oliveira, Livia Costa de

; Mendes, Gélcio Luiz Quintella

; Lima, Fernando Lopes Tavares

; Chaves, Gabriela Villaça

Saúde em Debate

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jun 2022, Volume 46 N. 133 Pages 331 - 345

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Pacientes com câncer avançado demandam cuidados paliativos. Nosso objetivo foi o de avaliar as barreiras ao encaminhamento ao cuidado paliativo na percepção de oncologistas. Desenvolvemos um estudo com oncologistas de uma instituição de referência nacional, questionando-os quanto a aspectos da sua formação acadêmica, à compreensão dos significados de cuidados paliativos, bem como limites e benefícios do encaminhamento de pacientes a uma unidade de cuidados paliativos exclusivos. A análise qualitativa foi realizada por meio da técnica de análise de conteúdo de Bardin. Participaram 19 oncologistas, que, apesar de definirem o cuidado paliativo com características multidisciplinares, voltado para doença avançada, com o objetivo de melhorar a qualidade de vida, relataram dificuldades no encaminhamento relacionadas ao próprio profissional, expectativas dos pacientes ou familiares, obstinação terapêutica e características institucionais. A criação de um ‘time consultor’ nas unidades de cuidados usuais foi a principal estratégia relatada como potencial facilitadora para essa transição de cuidados. Concluímos que a deliberação do cuidado paliativo exclusivo para pacientes com câncer avançado é uma tarefa difícil, que perpassa diferentes barreiras. A dicotomia existente entre ‘tratamento’ e ‘paliação’ na modalidade do cuidado paliativo exclusivo deve ser repensada, contrapondo a ideia do cuidado paliativo ofertado a partir do diagnóstico.

ABSTRACT Patients with advanced cancer demand palliative care. Our objective was to assess the barriers for referral to the palliative care in the perception of oncologists. In a study with the oncologists from a national reference institution who were asked about aspects related to their academic background, the understanding of the meanings of palliative care, as well as limits and benefits the referral of patients to an exclusive palliative care unit. Qualitative analysis was performed using Bardin’s content analysis. Nineteen oncologists participated. Despite defining the palliative care with multidisciplinary characteristics, aimed at advanced disease, with the objective of improving quality of life, they reported difficulties in the referral, related to the professional, expectations of patients/relatives, therapeutic obstinacy and institutional characteristics. The creation of a ‘Consulting Team’ in the usual care units was the main strategy reported as a facilitator potential for this care transition. We concluded that the deliberation of the exclusive palliative care for patients with advanced cancer is a difficult task, which goes through different barriers, which can result in a late referral. The dichotomy that exists between ‘treatment’ and ‘palliative care’ in the exclusive palliative care must be rethought, opposing the idea of palliative care offered from diagnosis.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-1104202213306

Estrategias Regionales de Optimización de Manejo del Infarto Agudo al Miocardio con Elevación del Segmento ST. Necesidad de “Código Infarto Costa Rica”
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Garzona-Navas, Andrés

; Alvarado, Kirsten

; Hernández Matamoros, Harold

; Sauma Webb, Alejandro

; Castillo Chaves, Ana Gabriela

; Chavarría Viquez, Jorge

Revista Costarricense de Cardiología

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jun 2022, Volume 24 N. 1 Pages 11 - 17

Abstract: Es En | Text: Es En | PDF: Es | PDF: En

Resumen La principal causa de muerte en Costa Rica desde 1970 en adelante históricamente ha sido el infarto agudo al miocardio previo a la pandemia por COVID-19. Está demostrado que las estrategias regionales de optimización del manejo del Infarto Agudo al Miocardio con Elevación del Segmento ST, mejoran el cumplimiento de las metas establecidas para la reperfusión coronaria; su implementación se traduce con múltiples beneficios para los diferentes sistemas de salud a nivel mundial. Estas estrategias deben ser comprendidas por equipos multidisciplinarios del sector prehospitalario, centros con y sin capacidad de Intervención Coronaria Percutánea (ICP), como protocolización, capacitación y retroalimentación constante. La inclusión de una estrategia Código Infarto ofrece potenciales beneficios adicionales al sistema de salud costarricense.

Abstract Regional management optimization strategies for ST-segment elevation acute myocardial infarction. Need for “Costa Rica Heart Attack Code” In recent years Costa Rica's leading cause of death has been myocardial infarction before COVID-19 pandemic. Regionalized strategies focused on the optimization of STEMI treatment improves guideline's recommendations adherence and their application is associated with better coronary reperfusion outcomes that tracks multiple benefits for the healthcare systems involved. These strategies are constituted by multidisciplinary teams from prehospital settings as well as centers with and without PCI capability that include proper protocolization, practical application of evidence based medicine. The incorporation of a STEMI Code strategy may offer potential additional benefits to Costa Rica healthcare.

10.

Barreiras para o encaminhamento para o cuidado paliativo exclusivo: a percepção do oncologista
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Freitas, Renata de

; Oliveira, Livia Costa de

; Mendes, Gélcio Luiz Quintella

; Lima, Fernando Lopes Tavares

; Chaves, Gabriela Villaça

Saúde em Debate

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apr 2022, Volume 46 N. 133 Pages 331 - 345

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-1104202213306

11.

Correlations between Web Searches and COVID-19 Epidemiological Indicators in Brazil
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Locatelli, Marcelo Sartori

; Cunha, Evandro L. T. P

; Guiginski, Janaína

; Franco, Ramon A. S

; Bernardes, Tereza

; Alzamora, Pedro Loures

; Silva, Daniel Victor F. da

; Ganem, Marcelo Augusto S

; Santos, Thiago H. M

; Carvalho, Anne I. R

; Souza, Leandro M. V

; Paixão, Gabriela P. F

; Chaves, Elisa França

; Santos, Guilherme Bezerra dos

; Santos, Rafael Vinícius dos

; Freitas, Amanda Cupertino de

; Flores, Matheus G

; Biezuner, Rachel F

; Cardoso, Rodolfo Lins

; Fonseca, Rodrigo Machado

; Silva, Ana Paula Couto da

; Meira Jr, Wagner

Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology

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2022, Volume 65 elocation e22210648

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract: COVID-19 rapidly spread across the world in an unprecedented outbreak with a massive number of infected and fatalities. The pandemic was heavily discussed and searched on the internet, which generated big amounts of data related to it. This led to the possibility of attempting to forecast coronavirus indicators using the internet data. For this study, Google Trends statistics for 124 selected search terms related to pandemic were used in an attempt to find which keywords had the best Spearman correlations with a lag, as well as a forecasting model. It was found that keywords related to coronavirus testing among some others, such as “I have contracted covid”, had high correlations (≥0.7) with few weeks of lag (≤4 weeks). Besides that, the ARIMAX model using those keywords had promising results in predicting the increase or decrease of epidemiological indicators, although it was not able to predict their exact values. Thus, we found that Google Trends data may be useful for predicting outbreaks of coronavirus a few weeks before they happen, and may be used as an auxiliary tool in monitoring and forecasting the disease in Brazil.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1678-4324-2022210648

12.

Carcass characteristics, meat quality and composition of lambs finished in cultivated pastures
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ARAÚJO, Cynthia Gabriela Fernandes de

; COSTA, Marcone Geraldo

; DIFANTE, Gelson dos Santos

; EMERENCIANO NETO, João Virgínio

; GURGEL, Antonio Leandro Chaves

; COSTA, Carolina Marques

; ARAÚJO, Itânia Maria Medeiros de

; SILVA, Maria Gabriela da Trindade

; MEDEIROS, Mariana Campelo

Food Science and Technology

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2022, Volume 42 elocation e71420

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract Thirty-two Santa Inês male lambs, not castrated, were distributed in a randomized block design to evaluate the effects of different tropical forage cultivars (two Panicum maximum (Syn. Megathyrsus maximus): Aruana and Massai, and two Brachiaria brizantha (Syn. Urochloa brizantha) Marandu and Piatã) on carcass characteristics, quality, physical composition, and meat chemistry. The data were subjected to an analysis of variance, and the means compared using the Tukey test at 5% significance. There was no effect of cultivars on body weight, slaughter weight, and biometric measurements of the carcass. The Aruana and Piatã cultivars provided higher weights of hot and cold carcasses when compared to the Massai and the Marandu had no significant differences compared to the others. The animals kept in the pasture of the Aruana cultivar showed higher shank yields. However, forage cultivars did not affect the ribeye area or subcutaneous fat thickness. There was also no effect of cultivar on pH, temperature, cooking losses, cooling losses, and meat shear strength. The cultivars did not change the quality and composition of the meat. However, the Aruana, Piatã, and Marandu cultivars were the ones that provided higher carcass weights and ham yields.

https://doi.org/10.1590/fst.71420

13.

Current status, attractions, and obstacles for ecotourism in protected areas of Amapá, Brazil
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Almeida, Lanna Maissa Lemos Dantas de

; Fontoura, Ana Gabriela da Cruz

; Vasconcelos, Ivan Machado de

; Brito, Daguinete Maria Chaves

; Hilário, Renato Richard

Ambiente & Sociedade

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2022, Volume 25 elocation e00061

Abstract: Pt En Es | Text: Pt En Es | PDF: Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Es

Resumo Atividades capazes de conciliar geração de renda e conservação ambiental, como o ecoturismo, são cada vez mais importantes. O presente trabalho objetivou diagnosticar a situação do ecoturismo nas unidades de conservação (UC) do Amapá. Entrevistamos os gestores das UC que permitem visitação turística no estado, abordando a situação e possibilidades do ecoturismo na UC, acesso, entraves e controle. Registramos que o ecoturismo ocorre em quase todas as UC do Amapá, mas aparentemente em níveis abaixo do potencial. Grande parte dos entraves está relacionada a uma falta de investimentos por parte do poder público (carência de infraestrutura, de divulgação, de políticas públicas, de plano de manejo e de recursos humanos e financeiros). Os altos custos, principalmente associados ao transporte, também são um entrave importante. Os principais atrativos são atributos naturais ou culturais, atrativos que são comuns na Amazônia, sendo necessário um esforço de divulgação de características exclusivas do Amapá.

Abstract Activities - such as ecotourism - capable of harmonizing income generation and environmental conservation have become increasingly important. The aim of the present study is to investigate ecotourism’s status in protected areas (PA) of Amapá State. Interviews were conducted with managers of PAs that allow tourist visitations in the aforementioned state, addressing the current ecotourism status, possibilities, access, obstacles, and control in the investigated PAs. We recorded that ecotourism takes place in almost all PAs in Amapá State, although it appears to happen at levels below their potential. Most observed obstacles were linked to lack of investments by the government (lack of infrastructure, promotion, public policies, management plan, and human and financial resources). High costs, mainly the ones associated with transport, were also a significant obstacle to this activity. The main attractions comprised natural or cultural attributes, which are common in the Amazon, a fact that leads to the need of promoting exclusive characteristics of Amapá State.

Resumen Las actividades que concilian la generación de ingresos y la conservación del medio ambiente, como el ecoturismo, son cada vez más importantes. Se efectuó un diagnóstico de la situación del ecoturismo en las áreas protegidas (APs) del estado de Amapá, Brasil. Se realizaron encuestas a funcionarios de las APs en las cuales es permitido el ingreso de turistas, abordando la situación y las posibilidades de ecoturismo, acceso, obstáculos y control. Registramos que el ecoturismo ocurre en casi todas las APs, pero aparentemente en niveles por debajo del potencial. La mayoría de los obstáculos está relacionada con la falta de inversión gubernamental (infraestructura, divulgación, políticas públicas, plan de manejo, y recursos humanos y financieros) y los altos costos, asociados principalmente al transporte. Las principales atracciones son los atributos naturales o culturales (comunes en toda la Amazonía), siendo necesario un esfuerzo mayor para divulgar las características que son exclusivas de Amapá.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4422asoc20220006r1oa

14.

Chronic kidney disease prevention campaign: relationship between proteinuria and elderly people
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Nunes Filho, Júlio César Chaves

; Camurça, David Silva

; Rocha, Gabriel Alves

; Oliveira, Ana Beatriz Timbó de

; Marinho, Gabriela Correia Pequeno

; Santos, Sérgio Gabriel Monteiro

; Pereira, Dyego Castelo Branco Holanda Gadelha

; Meneses, Gdayllon Cavalcante

; Daher, Elizabeth De Francesco

Brazilian Journal of Nephrology

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2022, N. ahead

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Objetivo: Verificar a relação entre a presença de proteinúria como marcador de lesão renal em idosos sem histórico de hipertensão arterial sistêmica e doenças cardiovasculares. Um estudo transversal foi desenvolvido de Janeiro de 2014 a Dezembro de 2019, por meio de campanhas de prevenção a doenças renais promovidas pela Universidade Federal do Ceará, na cidade de Fortaleza. Métodos: A amostra foi composta por 417 idosos. Um questionário foi usado para caracterizar indivíduos e avaliar doenças prévias, e foram utilizadas tiras reagentes de urinálise para avaliar proteinúria. Resultados: Diferenças estatisticamente significativas (p < 0,05) e tamanhos de efeito moderados foram encontrados para níveis de pressão arterial (IC 0,53-0,93), pressão arterial sistólica e pressão arterial diastólica (IC 0,21-0,61). Também foram encontradas diferenças significativas na glicemia capilar entre grupos (p = 0,033), mas com um tamanho de efeito baixo (0,02–0,42). O grupo com comorbidades apresentou 2,94 vezes mais probabilidade de ter proteinúria do que aqueles sem comorbidades (OR 2,94; IC 1,55-4,01; p < 0,05). No grupo sem doença cardiovascular/hipertensão, foi encontrada uma associação estatisticamente significativa para diabetes anterior e proteinúria (p = 0,037), apresentando risco 2,68 vezes maior de proteinúria naqueles com diabetes mellitus (OR 2,68; IC 1,05-6,85). Também foi encontrada uma associação significativa entre faixas etárias, com o grupo mais velho apresentando risco 2,69 vezes maior de desenvolver proteinúria (75 a 90 em comparação com 60 a 74 anos) (IC 1,01-7,16; p = 0,045). Conclusão: Mesmo sem hipertensão arterial sistêmica ou doença cardiovascular, o diabetes e a idade avançada podem ser considerados fatores de alto risco para proteinúria.

ABSTRACT Objective: To verify the relationship between the presence of proteinuria as a renal injury marker in elderly without history of systemic arterial hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. A cross-sectional study was developed from January 2014 to December 2019, through kidney disease prevention campaigns promoted by the Federal University of Ceará in the city of Fortaleza. Methods: The sample consisted of 417 elderlies. A questionnaire was used to characterize individuals and assess previous diseases, and urinalysis reagent strips were used to assess proteinuria. Results: Statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) and moderate effect sizes were found for blood pressure levels (CI 0.53-0.93), systolic blood pressure, and diastolic blood pressure (CI 0.21-0.61). Significant differences in capillary glycemia were also found between groups (p = 0.033), but with a low effect size (0.02–0.42). The group with comorbidities was 2.94 times more likely to have proteinuria than those without comorbidities (OR 2.94, CI 1.55-4.01; p < 0.05). In the group without cardiovascular disease/high blood pressure, a statistically significant association was found for previous diabetes and proteinuria (p = 0.037), presenting 2.68 times higher risk of proteinuria in those with diabetes mellitus (OR 2.68, CI 1.05-6.85). Significant association was also found between age groups, with the older group having 2.69 times higher risk of developing proteinuria (75 to 90 compared to 60 to 74 years) (CI 1.01-7.16; p = 0.045). Conclusion: Even without systemic arterial hypertension or cardiovascular disease, diabetes and older age can be considered high risk factors for proteinuria.

https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-8239-jbn-2022-0028en

15.

Off-label drug use in an adult intensive care unit of a Brazilian hospital
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Chaves, Elana Figueiredo

; Alcântara Neto, José Martins de

; Moreira, Lívia Maria Porto

; Medeiros, Pedro Henrique Quintela Soares de

; Firmino, Paulo Andrei Milen

; Abreu, Gabriela Araújo de

; Bastos, Angelina Almeida

; Peixoto Junior, Arnaldo Aires

; Guedes, Marjorie Moreira

Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences

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2022, Volume 58 elocation e20238

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence and describe the factors associated with off-label drug use in an adult intensive care unit (ICU) of a Brazilian hospital. An analytical, cross-sectional, prospective study was conducted in the adult ICU population from March 2018 to May 2018. Off-label use of medication was classified by indication, dosage, route of administration, type and volume of diluent, and duration of administration. Most patients were female (57.89%), non-elderly (56.14%), and had a mean age of 54.44 ± 17.15 years. The prevalence of off-label drug use was 70.31%, but was not associated with the clinical severity of the patients. A statistically significant association was observed between label use of drugs and prescribing potentially inappropriate medicines (PIM). The most common reasons for off-label drug use were therapeutic indication (19.58%) and volume of diluent (23.30%). Drug administration by enteral tubes accounted for the largest number of off-label uses due to route of administration (90.85%). There was a higher prevalence of off-label use of systemic antimicrobials (14.44%) and norepinephrine (9.28%). Our study provided a broad characterization of off-label drug use in an adult ICU and showed why it is important for health professionals to evaluate the specific risks and benefits of this practice.

https://doi.org/10.1590/s2175-97902022e20238

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