Abstract This study aimed to analyze the wettability characteristics applied to the surface of heat-treated pure titanium grade 2. Titanium is widely used for applications in implants produced by incremental sheet forming (ISF), where the 3D model resulting from tomography was used to produce the part. Since the ISF process creates residual stresses in the sheet, heat treatments were applied to relieve them. Also analyzed were roughness, researching what the literature recommends to enable surface wettability. Tests were conducted to assess geometric discrepancy using 3D scanning. The results obtained prove the efficacy of the experiment in assessing wettability as a characteristic of bioactivity, which is necessary for applications involving the human body. In addition, geometric discrepancy analysis enables the prosthesis to be used with the best esthetic and functional comfort possible.

ABSTRACT Objective : To evaluate the inclusion of different proportions of leaves from Manihot esculenta Crantz in the nutritional quality of Sacharum officinarum L. silages in Argentina. Materials and Methods : A complete randomized design and three replicas per treatment were used: T1) M. esculenta (30 %): S. officinarum (70 %); T2) M. esculenta (50 %): S. officinarum (50 %) and T3) M. esculenta (70 %): S. officinarum (30 %). At 60 days of the silage the percentage content of dry matter, crude protein, acid detergent fiber, phosphorus, calcium, potassium and magnesium, was determined. Digestibility by formula, total digestible nutrients and digestible energy, were estimated. The organoleptic and pH characteristics were determined. A variance analysis and Tukey’s test at 0,05 % were used for the separation of means among treatments. Results :The crude protein had values between 8,4 (T1) and 16,0 % (T3). The aggregation of 70,0 % of M. esculenta leaves in the mixture increased the protein value in 90,0 and 25,5 % with regards to treatments T1 and T2. The acid detergent fiber was lower in T3 and, consequently, digestibility and total digestible nutrients increased in this treatment compared with the others. Conclusions :The inclusion of M. esculenta leaves improved the nutritional quality of the S. officinarum silage, by increasing, proportionally and significantly, the protein values, digestibility and total digestible nutrients. The ensiled material showed an adequate conservation process.

RESUMEN Objetivo :Evaluar la inclusión de diferentes proporciones de hojas de Manihot esculenta Crantz en la calidad nutricional de ensilajes de Sacharum officinarum L. en Argentina. Materiales y Métodos :Se utilizó un diseño completamente aleatorizado y tres réplicas por cada tratamiento: T1) M. esculenta (30 %): S. officinarum (70 %); T2) M. esculenta (50 %): S. officinarum (50 %) y T3) M. esculenta (70 %): S. officinarum (30 %). A los 60 días del ensilaje se determinó el contenido porcentual de materia seca, proteína bruta, fibra detergente ácida, fósforo, calcio, potasio y magnesio. Se estimó la digestibilidad por fórmula, total de nutrientes digestibles y energía digestible. Se determinaron las características organolépticas y de pH. Se utilizó un análisis de varianza y prueba de Tukey al 0,05 % para la separación de medias entre tratamientos. Resultados : La proteína bruta tuvo valores entre 8,4 (T1) y 16,0 % (T3). El agregado de 70,0 % de hojas de M. esculenta en la mezcla incrementó el valor de la proteína en 90,0 y 25,5 % con respecto a los tratamientos T1 y T2. La fibra detergente ácido fue menor en T3 y, consecuentemente, aumentó la digestibilidad y el total de nutrientes digestibles en este tratamiento con respecto al resto. Conclusiones : La inclusión de hojas de M. esculenta mejoró la calidad nutricional del ensilaje de S. officinarum, al incrementarse, proporcional y significativamente, los valores de proteína, la digestibilidad y el total de nutrientes digestibles. El material ensilado mostró un proceso de conservación adecuado.

This study aimed to carry out a floristic survey in areas under influence of the rupture of the Fundão ore tailings dam, in the municipality of Mariana, Minas Gerais State, with the objective of pointing out potentially important species for meliponiculture production chain and contributing to the reintroduction of native plant species in the areas impacted by the mud. The survey was conducted in six sites, being three affected and three not affected by dam rupture. The collection of botanical material was carried out during ten months, between 2017 and 2018. The species were identified by a specialist and additional information regarding their life-form, phenology, popular name, floral resource availability, origin and endemism were obtained. The data obtained were systematized in a table, including the accession number of the Department of Botany Herbarium (Herbarium BHCB) from the Federal University of Minas Gerais, where the vourchers were deposited. The survey was supplemented with a Phototeca containing photographs of acetolyzed pollen grains that were organized in three Brazilian Palynothecas. As a result, 153 plant species were collected, divided into 32 botanical families. The most representative families in both sites studied were Asteraceae and Fabaceae. It is recommended to replant the affected areas with several species of various families, considering that they are of great importance for native bees and for economic use and income generation through meliponiculture.

Este trabalho se propôs a realizar um levantamento florístico em áreas sob influência do rompimento da barragem de rejeitos de minério de Fundão em Mariana, Estado de Minas Gerais, com o objetivo de apontar espécies potencialmente importantes na cadeia produtiva da Meliponicultura e contribuir com a reintrodução de espécies vegetais nativas nas áreas impactadas pela lama. O levantamento foi realizado em seis locais, sendo três deles atingidos pelo rompimento da barragem e três deles não atingidos. As coletas dos materiais botânicos foram realizadas no período de 10 meses entre 2017 e 2018. As espécies foram identificadas por especialista e pesquisadas na literatura quanto a sua forma de vida, fenologia, nome popular, disponibilidade de recurso floral, origem e endemismo. As informações obtidas foram sistematizadas em uma tabela, constando o número do Herbário do Departamento de Botânica da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (Herbário BHCB) onde as exsicatas das espécies estão tombadas. Complementou-se com uma fototeca dos grãos de pólen acetolisados que foram organizados em três Palinotecas nacionais. Foram amostradas 153 espécies vegetais, pertencentes a 32 famílias, sendo as mais representativas Asteraceae e Fabaceae, em ambos os locais estudados. Recomenda-se o replantio nas áreas afetadas de diversas espécies das várias famílias, pois são de suma importância para as abelhas nativas e para o uso econômico e geração de renda através da Meliponicultura.

RESUMO Este trabalho se propôs a realizar um levantamento florístico em áreas sob influência do rompimento da barragem de rejeitos de minério de Fundão em Mariana, Estado de Minas Gerais, com o objetivo de apontar espécies potencialmente importantes na cadeia produtiva da Meliponicultura e contribuir com a reintrodução de espécies vegetais nativas nas áreas impactadas pela lama. O levantamento foi realizado em seis locais, sendo três deles atingidos pelo rompimento da barragem e três deles não atingidos. As coletas dos materiais botânicos foram realizadas no período de 10 meses entre 2017 e 2018. As espécies foram identificadas por especialista e pesquisadas na literatura quanto a sua forma de vida, fenologia, nome popular, disponibilidade de recurso floral, origem e endemismo. As informações obtidas foram sistematizadas em uma tabela, constando o número do Herbário do Departamento de Botânica da Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (Herbário BHCB) onde as exsicatas das espécies estão tombadas. Complementou-se com uma fototeca dos grãos de pólen acetolisados que foram organizados em três Palinotecas nacionais. Foram amostradas 153 espécies vegetais, pertencentes a 32 famílias, sendo as mais representativas Asteraceae e Fabaceae, em ambos os locais estudados. Recomenda-se o replantio nas áreas afetadas de diversas espécies das várias famílias, pois são de suma importância para as abelhas nativas e para o uso econômico e geração de renda através da Meliponicultura.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to carry out a floristic survey in areas under influence of the rupture of the Fundão ore tailings dam, in the municipality of Mariana, Minas Gerais State, with the objective of pointing out potentially important species for meliponiculture production chain and contributing to the reintroduction of native plant species in the areas impacted by the mud. The survey was conducted in six sites, being three affected and three not affected by dam rupture. The collection of botanical material was carried out during ten months, between 2017 and 2018. The species were identified by a specialist and additional information regarding their life-form, phenology, popular name, floral resource availability, origin and endemism were obtained. The data obtained were systematized in a table, including the accession number of the Department of Botany Herbarium (Herbarium BHCB) from the Federal University of Minas Gerais, where the vourchers were deposited. The survey was supplemented with a Phototeca containing photographs of acetolyzed pollen grains that were organized in three Brazilian Palynothecas. As a result, 153 plant species were collected, divided into 32 botanical families. The most representative families in both sites studied were Asteraceae and Fabaceae. It is recommended to replant the affected areas with several species of various families, considering that they are of great importance for native bees and for economic use and income generation through meliponiculture.

Abstract The objective of this research was to evaluate the forage productivity of different cassava cultivars and their nutritional contribution to sugarcane microsilages. For this, an essay was carried out in Corrientes, Argentina, on seven cultivars (Amarilla, Palomita, Tapó Joá, Rocha, Clon 60, Clon 30, EC-9). The characterization of the materials was carried out through the measurement of different foliar variables: foliar retention, dry leaf biomass, dry matter (DM), nitrogen (N), gross protein (PB), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) foliar percentage. The cultivar Amarilla was highlighted for its forage production that reached 23.160 kg/DM but presented only 4.62% PB. Another five cultivars showed lower leaf productivity but protein concentration higher than 11%. About nutritional characteristics of microsilages, the treatment consisted of combining two proportions of cassava foliage and sugarcane TI (30% cassava + 70% sugarcane) and T2 (15% cassava + 85% sugarcane). For each treatment six sampling units were made, from which three were evaluated at 30 days of silage and the remaining at 60 days. In microsilages samples were evaluated pH, %MS, N, PB, neutral (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) in each instance. In T1 pH stabilized at 60 days and in T2 at 30 days. The PB (%) was significantly higher in Tl at both times. The ADF and NDF (%) were established over time. Cassava leaves proved to be a valuable protein resource, which can be successfully ensiled to supplement nutritional deficiencies of cattle from Northeastern Argentina.

Resumen El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar la aptitud forrajera de hojas de diferentes cultivares de mandioca y el aporte nutricional a microsilos de caña de azúcar. Los ensayos se efectuaron en Corrientes, Argentina y consistieron en dos experimentos. El primero indagó la productividad y calidad forrajera de hojas de mandioca, para lo cual se caracterizaron siete cultivares (Amarilla, Palomita, Tapó Joá, Rocha, Clon 60, Clon 30 y EC-9) a través de la medición de las variables: retención foliar, biomasa seca, porcentaje de materia seca (MS), de nitrógeno (N), proteína bruta (PB), fósforo (P) y potasio foliar (K). El cultivar Amarilla se destacó por su producción forrajera, la cual alcanzó 23.160 kg de MS/ha, pero presentó sólo 4,62% de PB. Otros cinco cultivares, presentaron menor productividad foliar pero mayor concentración proteica, superior al 11%. El segundo experimento investigó las características nutricionales de microsilos al evaluar dos tratamientos que consistieron en combinar dos proporciones de follaje de mandioca y caña de azúcar: T1 (30% mandioca 70% caña) y T2 (15% mandioca + 85% caña). En cada tratamiento se hicieron seis unidades de mues- treo, de las cuales tres fueron evaluadas a los 30 días y las restantes a los 60 días de ensilado (dde), determinándose en cada instancia: pH, % MS, N, PB, fibra detergente neutra (FDN) y fibra detergente ácida (FDA). En T1 el pH se estabilizó a los 60 dde y en T2 a los 30 dde. La PB (%) fue significativamente superior en T1 en ambos momentos. Los % de FDA y FDN fueron estables en el tiempo. Las hojas de mandioca demostraron ser un valioso recurso proteico, que puede ensilarse exitosamente para suplementar deficiencias nutricionales de la ganadería del nordeste argentino.

Resumen Las alternativas a los forrajes de buena calidad para la alimentación animal incluyen cereales de grano pequeño como el triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack), que presenta tolerancia ambiental y valor nutricional aceptable. Los objetivos del presente estudio fueron evaluar el rendimiento de forraje, la composición química y la producción de gas in vitro de tres variedades de triticale (UAEMex, Bicentenario y Siglo XXI), por dos métodos de conservación (ensilado o heno). Se utilizó un diseño completamente aleatorizado con tres repeticiones por tratamiento. La variedad Siglo XXI obtuvo más forraje (P <0.0001) en materia fresca y en materia seca con respecto al resto. Hubo diferencias (P <0.05) entre variedades, UAEMex presentó mayor contenido de materia orgánica (MO 906 g / kg MS) y proteína cruda (PC, 156 g / kg MS) (P <0.05), y Bicentenario y Siglo XXI presentaron mayor contenido de lignina ácido detergente (LAD, 72.3 ±0.3 g / kg MS). Se observaron cantidades superiores de materia seca (MS), fibra detergente neutro (FND) y LAD en el heno (P <0.05) en comparación con el ensilaje. El método de preservación del heno produjo valores superiores para la digestión de la MO (MOD, 838 g / kg de MS), la energía metabolizable (EM Mj/kg MS) y los ácidos grasos de cadena corta (SCFA) en comparación con el ensilado. La variedad UAEMex fue superior para la MOD, EM, GY24h y SCFA con respecto al resto. Las variedases Siglo XXI y el método de ensilaje mostraron mayor producción de leche (kg de leche / ha) (P <0.005). Se concluyó que la variedad de triticale Siglo XXI fue superior a las otras variedades por su producción potencial de forraje y producción de leche, el método de conservación de ensilaje presentó mayor fermentación con respecto al heno.

Abstract Alternatives to good quality forages for animal feeding include small grain cereals such as triticale (X Triticosecale Wittmack), which presents environmental tolerance and acceptable nutritional value. The objectives of the present study were to evaluate the forage yield, the chemical composition and in vitro gas production of three varieties of triticale (UAEMex, Bicentennial and Siglo XXI), by two conservation method (ensiled or hay). A completely randomized design with three replicates per treatment was used. The Siglo XXI variety got more forage (P < 0.0001) in both fresh and dry matter than the other treatments. There were differences (P < 0.05) between varieties, UAEMex presenting higher content of organic matter (OM 906 g/kg DM) and crude protein (CP, 156 g/kg DM) (P < 0.05), and Bicentennial and Siglo XXI presenting higher content acid detergent lignin (ADL, 72.3 ± 0.3 g/ kg DM). Higher quantities of dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and ADL in the hay method (P < 0.05) were observed compared to the silage method. The hay preservation method produced higher values for digestible OM (OMD, 838 g/kg DM), metabolizable energy (ME,MJ/kg DM) and short chain fatty acids (SCFA) in comparison with silage. The variety UAEMex had higher OMD, ME, GY24h and SCFA than the other treatments. Siglo XXI and the silage method showed higher milk yield (kg milk/ ha) (P < 0.005). It was concluded that the triticale variety Siglo XXI was superior to the other varieties by their forage and milk yield potential production, the silage conservation method presented greater fermentation than hay treatment.

Abstract Introduction: Three-vessel coronary artery disease is an advanced manifestation of atherosclerosis, with high prevalence in Mexico. Objective: The aim of this study was to describe coronary risk factors in a group of patients with three-vessel coronary artery disease in Northwest Mexico. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted on a population with three-vessel coronary artery disease from May 2015 to February 2016. The disease was defined when ≥70% stenosis was present in each major epicardial coronary artery. Anthropometric and biochemical parameters were measured in each patient. Ankle-Brachial Index was measured with vascular ultrasound, and Syntax score calculation with an on-line application. Statistical analysis for qualitative differences was performed using Pearson X2 test, with p < 0.05 being considered as significant. Results: The study included 100 patients, of whom 75 were male (mean age 63 ± 9 years) and 25 female (mean age 69 ± 9 years). The coronary risk factors observed were diabetes (58%), hypertension (86%), smoking (68%), dyslipidaemia (100%), metabolic syndrome (71%), and obesity/overweight (75%). Diabetes and metabolic syndrome prevalence was higher in women (p = 0.03), but smoking was higher in men (76%, p = 0.003). Ankle-Brachial Index was abnormal in 58% of patients, the mean Syntax score was in 36.9 ± 11.5, and the prevalence of left main coronary heart disease was 36%. Conclusions: This group of patients with complex coronary lesions has a high prevalence of coronary risk factors, which could represent a worse prognosis.

Resumen Introducción: La enfermedad coronaria de tres vasos (ECTV) es una manifestación avanzada de aterosclerosis, con alta prevalencia en el noroeste de México. Objetivo: Describir los factores de riesgo coronario (FRC) en un grupo de enfermos con ECTV en el noroeste de México. Métodos: De mayo de 2015 a febrero de 2016 se realizó un estudio transversal en una población del noroeste de México diagnosticada con ECTV. Se definió ECTV cuando existía estenosis ≥70% en cada una de las arterias coronarias epicárdicas mayores. Se midieron parámetros antropométricos y bioquímicos en cada paciente. Los parámetros para el índice tobillo-brazo (ITB) se obtuvieron con ultrasonido vascular (Edan SonoTrax 8 Hz) y un cálculo de puntaje Syntax con una aplicación en línea. Análisis estadístico con 32 de Pearson para diferencias cualitativas Se consideró significativo cuando p ≤ 0.05. Resultados: Se estudiaron 25 mujeres (edad 69 ± 9 años) y 75 varones (edad 63 ± 9 años). Los FRC observados fueron diabetes (58%), hipertensión (86%), antecedente de tabaquismo (68%), dislipidemia (100%), síndrome metabólico (71%) y sobrepeso/obesidad (75%). En las mujeres la prevalencia de diabetes y síndrome metabólico fue mayor que en los varones (p = 0.03), pero el tabaquismo fue más prevalente en los varones (76%, p = 0.003). El ITB se encontró anormal en el 58% de los pacientes, el puntaje Syntax promedio fue de 36.9 ± 11.5 y la prevalencia de la enfermedad del tronco de la arteria coronaria izquierda fue del 36%. Conclusión: En este grupo de estudio con lesiones coronarias complejas existe alta prevalencia de FRC que se refleja en y posiblemente un peor pronóstico.

RESUMO: O objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar a composição química e os padrões in vitro de fermentação cecal em coelhos em crescimento. Foram realizados 7 silagens: feijão (Phaseolus vulgaris), fava (FB, Vicia faba), ervilhaca (CV, Vicia sativa), azevém (Lolium perenne), cevada (B, Hordeum vulgare), cevada com ervilhaca (BCV) e da cevada com fava (BFB). oram usados 3 coelhos New Zealand White (NZW) como doadores de conteúdo cecal em cada série de incubação (n=3). Os dados foram analisados em um delineamento experimental inteiramente casualizado. A silagem de CV apresentaram maiores valores de proteína bruta (PB), seguido de silagens de FB e de feijão (P<0,001). Silagem de cevada apresentou o menor teor de PB (96g kg-1 de MS) (P=0,001). O conteúdo FDN e FDA foram menores (P<0,001) para Feijão e CV em comparação com o resto das silagens de forrageiras. Silagens de azevém apresentaram valores mais elevados de degradação de matéria seca, degradação da matéria orgânica, GP relativa e AGCC (P<0,001). Os maiores valores de energia digestível foram de CV e silagens de feijão (P<0,001). Azevém e CV apresentaram melhores níveis de parâmetros GP, que poderiam ser relacionadas com as suas melhores características de composição química, principalmente proteína e teor de fibra.

ABSTRACT: The effect of chemical composition of silages on in vitro gas fermentation profiles in rabbits was examined. The study was performed using 7 silages: beans (Phaseolus vulgaris), faba bean (FB, Vicia faba), common vetch (CV, Vicia sativa), ryegrass (Lolium perenne), barley (B, Hordeum vulgare), barley with common vetch (BCV) and barley with faba bean (BFB). We used 3 New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits as donors of caecal content in each incubation run (n=3). Data were analyzed in a completely randomized experimental design. The CV silage showed higher values of crude protein (CP), followed by FB and bean silages (P<0.001). Barley silage had the lowest CP content (96g kg-1 DM) (P=0.001). The NDF and ADF content were lower (P<0.001) for beans and CV compared with the rest of the forage silages. Ryegrass silage had higher values of dry matter degradation, organic matter degradation, relative GP and SCFA (P<0.001). The highest values of digestible energy were for CV and bean silages (P<0.001). Ryegrass and CV silages showed higher levels in GP parameters, which could be associated with their better chemical composition characteristics, mainly protein and fiber content.

Abstract This paper proposes an explanation to the domestic coalitions organised in Brazil around the FTAA negotiations, which stand as a hard case for the existing theories on political cleavages: industrialists and trade unions, albeit having shared common interests in the negotiations, did not adopt a joint strategy to foster their positions. The hypothesis to explain the political alignments in the FTAA is that the opening of the Brazilian market, which had advanced a lot in the years of negotiations, altered the priorities of workers and employers, as well as their preferences in foreign trade policy, hindering the reconciliation of class interests. Both agreed that the U.S. proposal for the FTAA was undesirable, but they completely disagreed on other issues that emerged in the political agenda during the reforms period, such as the role of the State in an open economy, the scope of labour and social rights and the social security system, the structure of taxation, etc. Some of the controversial issues were not new, but the international trade liberalisation intensified the dispute over them.

RESUMO O objetivo deste estudo foi obter evidências de validade transcultural para a língua portuguesa - Brasil do Function of Observational Learning Questionnaire (FOLQ). Participaram do estudo atletas de natação, handebol e voleibol de ambos os sexos (n=362). O alpha de Cronbach e o coeficiente de Kappa foram utilizados para avaliar a consistência interna dos itens. Análise Fatorial Confirmatória foi realizada para verificar a adequabilidade do instrumento ao modelo conceitual. Para avaliar a fidedignidade teste-reteste, utilizou-se o teste t de student, com p < 0,05 para diferenças estatisticamente significativas. Os resultados mostram que foram obtidas evidências de validade para a língua portuguesa com 17 questões, mantendo os três fatores originais: habilidade, desempenho e estratégia.

ABSTRACT The aim of this study was to obtain evidence of cross-cultural validity for Brazilian Portuguese of the Function of Observational Learning Questionnaire (FOLQ). Study participants were swim, handball and volleyball athletes of both sexes (n = 362). Cronbach’s alpha and Kappa coefficient were used to evaluate the internal consistency of the items. Confirmatory Factor Analysis was performed to verify the appropriateness of the instrument to the conceptual model. To evaluate test-retest reliability of the instrument Student’s t- test was used with p < .05 for statistically significant differences. The results show that validity evidence was obtained for Brazilian Portuguese with 17 questions, maintaining the original three factors: skill, performance and strategy.

A promoção da saúde é uma proposta de política mundial, contemporânea na saúde pública, que traz a saúde em seu conceito amplo. A Política Nacional de Atenção à Saúde do Homem fundamentase na singularidade do gênero masculino. Este trabalho objetivou analisar o discurso dos homens sobre doença, prevenção, saúde e a necessidade de sua promoção. Pesquisa descritivoexploratória com abordagem qualitativa, realizada com 57 homens, moradores adstritos a uma unidade da Estratégia Saúde da Família do município de Marília, estado de São Paulo, integrada ao Programa de Educação pelo Trabalho para a Saúde. Utilizouse a técnica de discurso do sujeito coletivo, baseada nas perguntas 'o que você faz para manter sua saúde?' e 'o que você considera prejudicial para sua saúde?' Nos resultados, os discursos analisados evidenciaram que a maioria dos homens não compreende em sua totalidade o sentido de saúde, doença e prevenção, além de se fundamentarem no dimensionamento biológico. A Política Nacional de Atenção à Saúde do Homem constitui importante estratégia de promoção da saúde, todavia ainda requer que profissionais e instituições de diversas áreas, além da saúde, sejam ágeis, criativos e capacitados para lidarem com tal singularidade e suas vulnerabilidades.

Promoting health is a global policy that has been proposed, is contemporary in public health, and addresses health from a broader viewpoint. The National Policy for Full Attention to Men's Health is based on male uniqueness. This study aimed to analyze men's discourse on disease prevention, on health, and on the need to promote it. Descriptive and exploratory qualitative research conducted with 57 men, residents assigned to a Family Health Strategy unit in the municipality of Marília, state of São Paulo, integrated with Education through Work for Health Program. The researchers used the discourse of the collective subject technique, which is based on the questions 'what do you do to maintain your health?' and 'what do you consider harmful to your health?' In the results, the discourses analyzed showed that most men do not fully understand the sense of health or disease and prevention, besides the fact that they base themselves on biological scaling. The National Policy for Full Attention to Men's Health is an important health promotion strategy; however, it still requires professionals and institutions from different areas, over and beyond health, to be agile, creative, and qualified to deal with such uniqueness and vulnerabilities.

La promoción de la salud es una propuesta de la política mundial, contemporánea en la salud pública, que abarca la salud en su concepto más amplio. La Política Nacional de Atención a la Salud del Hombre se basa en la singularidad del género masculino. Este estudio tuvo como objetivo analizar el discurso de los hombres sobre enfermedades, prevención, salud y la necesidad de su promoción. Una investigación descriptiva y exploratoria con criterio cualitativo, fue realizada con 57 hombres, residentes asignados a una unidad del municipio de la Estrategia Salud de la Familia del municipio de Marilia, estado de São Paulo, integrada al Programa de Educación por el Trabajo para la Salud. Se utilizó la técnica de discurso del sujeto colectivo, basada en las preguntas "¿Qué hace para mantener su salud?", y "¿Qué considera perjudicial para su salud?" En los resultados, los discursos analizados mostraron que la mayoría de los hombres no comprenden en su totalidad el sentido de la salud, la enfermedad y la prevención, además de basarse en la dimensión biológica. La Política Nacional de Atención a la Salud del Hombre constituye una importante estrategia de promoción de la salud, sin embargo todavía requiere que profesionales e instituciones de diferentes campos, además de la salud, sean ágiles, creativos y capacitados para tratar con tal singularidad y sus vulnerabilidades.

INTRODUCTION: This work aims to pre-operatively manufacture custom-made low-cost implants and physical models (‘biomodels’) of fractured skulls. The pre-DOI: operative manufacturing of biomodels and implants allows physicians to study and plan surgery with a greater possibility of achieving the expected result. Customization contributes to both the esthetic and functional outcome of the implant because it considers the anatomy of each patient, while the low cost allows a greater number of people to potentially benefit. METHODS: From CT images of a fractured skull, a CAD model of the skull (biomodel) and a restorative implant were constructed digitally. The biomodel was then physically constructed with 3D Printing, and Incremental Sheet Forming (ISF) was used to manufacture the implant from a sheet of pure grade 2 titanium. Before cutting the implant’s final shape from a pre-formed sheet, heat treatment was performed to avoid deformations caused by residual stresses generated during the ISF process. RESULTS: A comparison of the dimensions of the implant and its respective CAD biomodel revealed geometric discrepancies that can affect both functional and aesthetic efficiency. Nevertheless, the final shape preserved symmetry between the right and left sides of the skull. Electron microscopy analysis did not indicate the presence of elements other than pure titanium. CONCLUSION: Dimensional variability can be decreased with changes in the manufacturing process (i.e., forming and cutting) and the heating ramp. Despite biomedical characteristics, there was no contamination of the implant by harmful chemical elements. 3D Printing was effective in making the biomodel, enabling pre-operative planning and improving physician-patient communication. Current results indicate that ISF is a process that can be used to obtain custom-made implants.

Neste artigo, considera-se o problema de síntese de compensadores dinâmicos por realimentação de saídas para sistemas lineares, discretos no tempo, com parâmetros variantes. Sob a hipótese que os parâmetros variantes podem ser medidos ou estimados em tempo-real, são consideradas duas estruturas de compensadores dinâmicos, com ordem igual a da planta: uma parcialmente dependente e outra completamente dependente dos parâametros. A estabilidade e o desempenho do sistema em malha-fechada são garantidos via a utilização de uma funçao de Lyapunov dependente de parâmetros e condiçõs LMIs são estabelecidas e utilizadas para a síntese dos controladores. Um aspecto importante considerado, e que objetiva a aplicação prática dos resultados, particularmente no controle de sistemas não lineares, é a validade do modelo LPV utilizado para representar localmente o sistema a controlar. Os resultados propostos são aplicados sobre um sistema não linear representado localmente por um modelo fuzzy de Takagi-Sugeno.

In this article we consider the synthesis of dynamic output feedback compensators for linear discrete-time parameter-varying systems. By assuming that the time-varying parameters can be measured or estimated in real-time, two full-order compensators are considered: one that is partially dependent on the parameters and other that is totally dependent. Closed-loop stability and time performance are verified via a parameter dependent Lyapunov function. LMI conditions are given for the synthesis of the controllers. To cope with practical applications, particularly in the case where the time-varying linear model represents locally the dynamics of a nonlinear plant, additional conditions are also considered to take into account the local validity of the model. The proposed results are applied to a nonlinear system that is locally represented by a Takagi-Sugeno fuzzy model.

Este artigo apresenta a aplicação de uma técnica de controle do tipo backstepping a sistemas de pós-tratamento de gases de escape em veículos diesel operando com catalisadores SCR (selective catalytic reduction). A lei de controle é projetada para um modelo reduzido do sistema SCR, adequado ao controle em malha fechada e também à implementação nas unidades de controle eletrônico. O desempenho dessa lei de controle é avaliado em simulações computacionais por meio de ciclos de testes estático e dinâmico, tanto para situações em que os parâmetros de entrada assumem valores nominais, quanto para aquelas em que esses parâmetros apresentam perturbações.

This paper presents the results concerning the application of a backstepping based control law to urea-SCR (selective calalytic reduction) aftertreatment systems in diesel engines. The devised control law is applied over a reduced order model for the SCR catalyst, which is effective for closed-loop control and, besides that, can be embedded in diesel electronic control units. The performance of the controller is evaluated in computer simulations by means of static and dynamic testing cycles, both for nominal and disturbed system's parameters.

In parasitology, routine laboratory diagnosis involves conventional methods, such as optical microscopy, used for the morphological identification of parasites. Currently, molecular biology techniques are increasingly used to diagnose parasite structures in order to enhance the identification and characterization of parasites. The objective of the present study was to review the main current and new diagnostic techniques for confirmation of parasite infections, namely: polymerase chain reaction (PCR), real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP), Luminex xMAP, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP), in addition to microsatellites. Molecular assays have comprehensively assisted in the diagnosis, treatment and epidemiological studies of parasitic diseases that affect people worldwide, helping to control parasitic disease mortality.