Objetivo: Avaliar a segurança da execução das técnicas tradicional e protegida de colheita de aspirado traqueal e identificar a concordância qualitativa e quantitativa dos resultados de culturas microbiológicas entre as técnicas. Método: Pesquisa clínica, prospectiva, comparativa, simples-cega. A amostra foi constituída de 54 pacientes com idade ≥18 anos, submetidos à ventilação mecânica invasiva por período ≥48 horas e com suspeita de Pneumonia Associada à Ventilação Mecânica. As duas técnicas foram implementadas no mesmo paciente, uma imediatamente seguida da outra, sendo a ordem de execução aleatória, segundo randomização por software especializado. Resultados: Não ocorreram eventos significativos de queda da saturação de oxigênio, instabilidade hemodinâmica e hemorragias traqueobrônquicas (p<0,05) e, embora tenham ocorrido divergências em algumas cepas, houve concordância qualitativa e quantitativa entre as técnicas (p<0,001). Conclusão: A utilização da técnica protegida não proporciona vantagem em detrimento da tradicional e a execução de ambas as técnicas foi segura para o paciente.


Objective: To evaluate the safety of the performance of the traditional and protected collection techniques of tracheal aspirate and to identify qualitative and quantitative agreement of the results of microbiological cultures between the techniques. Method: Clinical, prospective, comparative, single-blind research. The sample was composed of 54 patients of >18 years of age, undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation for a period of ≥48 hours and with suspected Ventilator Associated Pneumonia. The two techniques were implemented in the same patient, one immediately after the other, with an order of random execution, according to randomization by specialized software. Results: No significant events occurred oxygen desaturation, hemodynamic instability or tracheobronchial hemorrhage (p<0.05) and, although there were differences in some strains, there was qualitative and quantitative agreement between the techniques (p<0.001). Conclusion: Utilization of the protected technique provided no advantage over the traditional and execution of both techniques was safe for the patient.


Objetivo: Evaluar la seguridad de la ejecución de las técnicas tradicional y protegida de la recolección de aspirado traqueal e identificar la concordancia cualitativa y cuantitativa de los resultados de los cultivos microbiológicos entre estas técnicas. Método: Investigación clínica, prospectiva, comparativa, ciega simple. La muestra fue constituida por 54 pacientes mayores de 18 años que fueron sometidos a ventilación mecánica invasiva durante 48 horas o más y con sospecha de Neumonía Asociada a la Ventilación Mecánica. Las dos técnicas fueron implementadas en el mismo paciente, una inmediatamente posterior a la otra. El orden de ejecución de las técnicas fue aleatorio, hecho por un software especializado. Resultados: No hubo eventos significativos en la disminución de la saturación de oxígeno, inestabilidad hemodinámica y hemorragias traqueo bronquiales (p<0,05) y aunque ocurrieron diferencias en algunas cepas, hubo concordancia cualitativa y cuantitativa entre las técnicas (p<0,001). Conclusión: El uso de la técnica protegida no ofrece ninguna ventaja sobre la técnica tradicional y la aplicación de ambas técnicas es segura para el paciente.


Objective: To evaluate the safety of the performance of the traditional and protected collection techniques of tracheal aspirate and to identify qualitative and quantitative agreement of the results of microbiological cultures between the techniques. Method: Clinical, prospective, comparative, single-blind research. The sample was composed of 54 patients of >18 years of age, undergoing invasive mechanical ventilation for a period of ≥48 hours and with suspected Ventilator Associated Pneumonia. The two techniques were implemented in the same patient, one immediately after the other, with an order of random execution, according to randomization by specialized software. Results: No significant events occurred oxygen desaturation, hemodynamic instability or tracheobronchial hemorrhage (p<0.05) and, although there were differences in some strains, there was qualitative and quantitative agreement between the techniques (p<0.001). Conclusion: Utilization of the protected technique provided no advantage over the traditional and execution of both techniques was safe for the patient.


Objetivo: Evaluar la seguridad de la ejecución de las técnicas tradicional y protegida de la recolección de aspirado traqueal e identificar la concordancia cualitativa y cuantitativa de los resultados de los cultivos microbiológicos entre estas técnicas. Método: Investigación clínica, prospectiva, comparativa, ciega simple. La muestra fue constituida por 54 pacientes mayores de 18 años que fueron sometidos a ventilación mecánica invasiva durante 48 horas o más y con sospecha de Neumonía Asociada a la Ventilación Mecánica. Las dos técnicas fueron implementadas en el mismo paciente, una inmediatamente posterior a la otra. El orden de ejecución de las técnicas fue aleatorio, hecho por un software especializado. Resultados: No hubo eventos significativos en la disminución de la saturación de oxígeno, inestabilidad hemodinámica y hemorragias traqueo bronquiales (p<0,05) y aunque ocurrieron diferencias en algunas cepas, hubo concordancia cualitativa y cuantitativa entre las técnicas (p<0,001). Conclusión: El uso de la técnica protegida no ofrece ninguna ventaja sobre la técnica tradicional y la aplicación de ambas técnicas es segura para el paciente.


Objetivo: Avaliar a segurança da execução das técnicas tradicional e protegida de colheita de aspirado traqueal e identificar a concordância qualitativa e quantitativa dos resultados de culturas microbiológicas entre as técnicas. Método: Pesquisa clínica, prospectiva, comparativa, simples-cega. A amostra foi constituída de 54 pacientes com idade ≥18 anos, submetidos à ventilação mecânica invasiva por período ≥48 horas e com suspeita de Pneumonia Associada à Ventilação Mecânica. As duas técnicas foram implementadas no mesmo paciente, uma imediatamente seguida da outra, sendo a ordem de execução aleatória, segundo randomização por software especializado. Resultados: Não ocorreram eventos significativos de queda da saturação de oxigênio, instabilidade hemodinâmica e hemorragias traqueobrônquicas (p<0,05) e, embora tenham ocorrido divergências em algumas cepas, houve concordância qualitativa e quantitativa entre as técnicas (p<0,001). Conclusão: A utilização da técnica protegida não proporciona vantagem em detrimento da tradicional e a execução de ambas as técnicas foi segura para o paciente.


Infection by Pseudomonas aeruginosa has spread worldwide, with limited options for treatment. The purpose of this study was to investigate metallo-β-lactamase-producing P. aeruginosa strains and compare their genetic profile using samples collected from patients in intensive care units. Forty P. aeruginosa strains were isolated from two public hospitals in Campo Grande, Mato Grosso do Sul State, from January 1st, 2007 to June 31st, 2008. Profiles of antimicrobial susceptibility were determined using the agar diffusion method. Metallo-β-lactamase was investigated using the double-disk diffusion test and PCR. Molecular typing was performed by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Respiratory and urinary tracts were the most common isolation sites. Of the 40 samples tested, 72.5% (29/40) were resistant to ceftazidime and 92.5% (37/40) to imipenem, whereas 65% (26/40) were resistant to both antimicrobials. Fifteen pan-resistant samples were found. Five percent (2/40) of samples were positive for metallo-β-lactamase on the phenotype test. No metallo-β-lactamase subtype was detected by PCR. Macrorestriction analysis revealed 14 distinct genetic patterns. Based on the superior accuracy of PCR, it can be inferred that P. aeruginosa isolates from the investigated hospitals have alternative mechanisms of carbapenem resistance. The results also suggest clonal spread of P. aeruginosa between the studied hospitals.

A series of 15 ω-aminoalkoxylxanthones containing methyl, ethyl, propyl, tert-butylamino and piperidinyl moieties were synthesized from a natural xanthone isolated from a lichen species. These compounds were tested for their in vitro antibacterial properties against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and cytotoxicity against a number of human tumor cell lines was too evaluated. The newly synthesized derivatives revealed selective activity against Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive), and the most promising results are for a multidrug resistant strain, for which six of these compounds showed good activity (MICs 4 µg/mL). Many derivatives inhibited tumor cells growth and most compounds were active on multiple lines.