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Resumo A atividade antioxidante do mel de Tetragonisca angustula (TAH) e seu extrato etanólico (TAEE) foram investigados. Os níveis totais de fenólicos (TPC) e flavonóides (TFC) também foram avaliados. Os resultados para TPC foram 19,91 ± 0,38 e 29,37 ± 1,82 mg GAE g-1 e para TFC 0,20 ± 0,02 e 0,14 ± 0,01 mg QE g-1 de TAH e TAEE, respectivamente. As atividades antioxidantes foram 73,29 ± 0,49% e 93,36 ± 0,27% no ensaio DPPH● e 71,73 ± 4,07% e 97,86 ± 0,35% no ABTS●+ para TAH e TAEE, respectivamente. A atividade redutora total foi determinada pelo método de poder redutor (PR) e íon ferrico (Fe III) e os resultados variaram em PR de 151,7 ± 25,7 e 230,7 ± 25,2 mg GAE L-1, para TAH e TAEE respectivamente e para (Fe III) em EC50 0,284 em TAEE e 0,687 em TAH. A análise química por HPLC-DAD do extrato etanólico (TAEE) revelou a presença de ácido ferúlico como componente majoritário no extrato. A análise de RMN 1H confirmou esta estrutura e mostrou a presença de glicose, ácido cítrico, ácido succínico, prolina e derivados de hidrocarbonetos no TAEE. Além disso, a origem botânica também foi investigada e apresentou característica multifloral, tendo encontrado 19 tipos polínicos com predomínio botânico da família Anacardiaceae, sendo o pólen Tapirira predominante (42,6%) e o Schinus secundário (25,7%). Os resultados mostraram que o mel de T. angustula é uma interessante fonte de compostos fenólicos antioxidantes devido à sua origem floral e pode atuar como protetor da saúde humana quando consumido.

Abstract The antioxidant activity of Tetragonisca angustula honey (TAH) and its ethanolic extract (TAEE) were investigated. The total levels of phenolic (TPC) and flavonoids (TFC) were also evaluated. The results for TPC were 19.91 ± 0.38 and 29.37 ± 1.82 mg GAE g-1 and for TFC 0.20 ± 0.02 and 0.14 ± 0.01 mg QE g-1 of TAH and TAEE, respectively. Antioxidant activities were 73.29 ± 0.49% and 93.36 ± 0.27% in the DPPH● assay and 71.73 ± 4.07% and 97.86 ± 0.35% in ABTS●+ for TAH and TAEE, respectively. The total reducing activity was determined by the method of reducing power (PR) and iron ion (Fe III) and the results varied in PR from 151.7 ± 25.7 and 230.7 ± 25.2 mg GAE L-1, for TAH and TAEE respectively and for (Fe III) in EC50 0.284 in TAEE and 0.687 in TAH. Chemical analysis by HPLC-DAD of the ethanolic extract (TAEE) revealed the presence of ferulic acid as majority phenolic component in the extract. The 1H NMR analysis confirmed this structure and showed the also presence of glucose, citric acid, succinic acid, proline and hydrocarbon derivatives. In addition, the botanical origin was also investigated and showed a multifloral characteristic, having found 19 pollen types with a botanical predominance of the Anacardiaceae family, with Tapirira pollen occurring as predominant (42.6%) and Schinus as secondary (25.7%). The results showed that T. angustula honey is an interesting source of antioxidant phenolic compounds due to its floral origin and can act as a protector of human health when consumed.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.253599

Quality of life of women from a quilombola community in northeastern Brazil
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Santos, E. N. A.

; Magalhães, P. K. A.

; Santos, A. M.

; Correia, M. S.

; Santos, J. C. S.

; Carvalho Neto, A. P. M.

; Souza, M. A.

; Lima, R. F.

; Fonseca, S. A.

; Ferreira-Júnior, G. C.

; Cavalcanti, M. G. S.

; Costa, J. G.

; Matos-Rocha, T. J.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2024, Volume 84 elocation e246463

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo As comunidades quilombolas, estão presentes em diversos estados brasileiros, vivendo em condições de saúde mais precárias. Isto ocorre por conta do isolamento geográfico, das limitações de acesso e da falta de qualidade no serviço quando este é prestado. Nesse sentido, o objetivo do estudo foi analisar a qualidade de vida de mulheres de uma comunidade quilombola do nordeste brasileiro. Estudo observacional, transversal e descritivo. Foram entrevistadas 160 mulheres adultas, através de um formulário para a coleta de perfil e do questionário de Qualidade de Vida WHOQOL – bref. Foi observado que as mulheres tinham em média 40,7 anos (±17,25), casadas, autodeclaradas negras, com fundamental incompleto, do lar, sem renda, com moradia de alvenaria, própria, com até 6 cômodos, abastecidas por caixa de água comunitária, tratada. A Qualidade de Vida, apresentou escores medianos nos domínios: físico (3,18), psicológico (3,4), relações sociais (3,45) e meio ambiente (2,59). Com a realização desta pesquisa foi possível caracterizar a comunidade quilombola de Santa Luzia do Norte-AL quanto as dificuldades de acesso a saúde e geração de renda, fatos que repercutem na sua condição de saúde. Os problemas descritos neste estudo podem contribuir para que ações de saúde sejam planejadas e efetivadas com o intuito de melhorar as condições socioeconômicas e de saúde nessa comunidade, considerando-se o contexto social, político e ambiental, valorizando seus saberes e práticas tradicionais.

Abstract Quilombola communities are present in many Brazilian states living in precarious health conditions. This is due to geographic isolation, limitations to the access of the area in which they live in, and the lack of quality in the service when it is needed to be provided. Therefore, the aim of this study was to analyze the quality of life of women from a quilombola community in northeastern Brazil. It is an observational, cross-sectional and descriptive study. 160 adult women were first interviewed through a form to collect a profile and then it was applied the WHOQOL Quality of Life questionnaire – bref. It was observed that the women were on average 40.7 years old (±17.25), married, self-declared black, who did not finish elementary school, housewife, had no income, with their own masonry house, with up to 6 rooms, supplied by a box of community treated water. Quality of Life had median scores in the domains: physical (3.18), psychological (3.4), social relationships (3.45) and environment (2.59). With this research, it was possible to characterize the quilombola community of Santa Luzia do Norte-AL regarding the difficulties of access to health and income generation, issues that affect their health condition. The problems described in this study can contribute to health actions being planned and carried out in order to improve socioeconomic and health conditions in this community, considering the social, political and environmental context, valuing their traditional knowledge and practices.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.246463

Diet of crab-eating fox (Cerdocyon thous) in two conservation units of the Amazon rainforest, Brazil
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Dutra-Vieira, F. M.

; Silva, M. S.

; Vieira, G. S.

; Carvalho, A. S.

; Schimming, B. C.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2024, Volume 84 elocation e252093

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Este estudo objetivou analisar a dieta do cachorro-do-mato, de vida livre, por meio da identificação do conteúdo estomacal de 17 Cerdocyon thous atropelados em duas unidades de conservação da Floresta Amazônica. O conteúdo estomacal foi analisado e os itens alimentares foram quantificados pela frequência de ocorrência (FO) e percentagem de ocorrência (PO). Também foram avaliados os teores de matéria seca (MS), proteína bruta (PB), fibra bruta (FB), extrato etéreo (EE) e, matéria mineral (MM). Foram estimados o extrativo não-nitrogenado (ENN), a energia metabolizável (EM) e a necessidade energética de manutenção. A composição da dieta do cachorro-do-mato apresentou 29 itens alimentares dos diferentes grupos taxonômicos, tendo uma maior diversidade de itens de origem animal (n=22), ainda que a maior FO tenha sido de gramíneas (Poaceae) (41.18%). Dentre os itens de origem animal, 21% eram mamíferos, 18% répteis, 10% anfíbios, 9% invertebrados e 3% aves. Determinou-se um alto teor de FB (62.76%). A média do ENN e da MS foi 5.91% e 141.82 kcal/100g, respectivamente. A média da energia de manutenção foi 447.01 kcal/dia. Estes achados sugerem que o cachorro-do-mato encontrado na Bacia Amazônica é um animal generalista com uma dieta onívora, se alimentando de gramíneas, frutos, insetos, serpentes, anfíbios, aves e pequenos mamíferos, portanto com o mesmo hábito alimentar relatado a esta espécie quando encontrada em outros biomas brasileiros.

Abstract The present study aimed to evaluate the diet of the free-living crab-eating fox by identifying the stomach contents of the 17 crab-eating foxes (Cerdocyon thous) roadkilled in two conservation units, both located in the Amazon rainforest. The food items were quantified by frequency of occurrence (FO) and percentage of occurrence (PO). The stomach contents were analysed for dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), crude fibre (CF), ether extract (EE), and mineral matter (MM). Nitrogen-free extractives (NFE), metabolisable energy (ME) values, as well as the energy need for maintenance were estimated. The composition of the diet for the crab-eating fox presented 29 food items from the different taxonomic groups, with a greater diversity of items of animal origin (n=22), although the highest frequency of occurrence was gramineae (Poaceae) (41.18%). Among the items of animal origin, 21% were mammals, 18% reptiles, 10% amphibians, 9% invertebrates and 3% birds. A high content of CF (62.76%) were determined. Nitrogen-free extractive and dry matter averages were 5.91% and 141.82 kcal/100g, respectively. The average maintenance energy was 447.01 kcal/day. These findings suggesting that the crab-eating foxes have a generalist diet with an omnivorous diet in the Amazon basin, feeding on gramineae, fruits, insects, snakes, amphibians, birds and small mammals and have the same feeding habit that present in other Brazilian biomes.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.252093 1 downloads

Microbiological characteristics of bloodstream infections in a reference hospital in northeastern Brazil
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Melo, M. C.

; Carvalho Neto, A. P. M.

; Maranhão, T. L. G. Q.

; Costa, E. S.

; Nascimento, C. M. A.

; Cavalcanti, M. G. S.

; Ferreira-Júnior, G. C.

; Rocha, M. A. N.

; Silva, K. M.

; Santos Júnior, C. J.

; Rocha, T. J. M.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2024, Volume 84 elocation e253065

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo A cultura sanguínea de rotina é usada para a detecção de infecções na corrente sanguínea por bactérias aeróbias e anaeróbias e por leveduras patogênicas comuns. Estudo retrospectivo realizado em hospital público de Maceió-AL, por meio da coleta de dados de todos os prontuários com culturas sanguíneas positivas. Das 2.107 culturas sanguíneas realizadas, 17% foram positivas com Staphylococcus coagulase negativo (51,14%), seguido por Staphylococcus aureus (11,21%) e Klebsiella pneumoniae (6,32%). As bactérias Gram-positiva predominaram entre as culturas de sangue positivas, destacando-se o grupo das Staphylococcus coagulase-negativo. Enquanto as bactérias Gram-negativas apresentaram um número maior de espécies entre as culturas de sangue positivas.

Abstract Routine blood culture is used for the detection of bloodstream infections by aerobic and anaerobic bacteria and by common pathogenic yeasts. A retrospective study was conducted in a public hospital in Maceió-AL, by collecting data of all medical records with positive blood cultures. Out of the 2,107 blood cultures performed, 17% were positive with Staphylococcus coagulase negative (51.14%), followed by Staphylococcus aureus (11.21%) and Klebsiella pneumoniae (6.32%). Gram-positive bacteria predominated among positive blood cultures, highlighting the group of Staphylococcus coagulase-negative. While Gram-negative bacteria had a higher number of species among positive blood cultures.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.253065 1 downloads

Dopamine depletion in wistar rats with epilepsy
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Trindade-Filho, E. M.

; Pai, J. Dal

; Castro, D. N. de

; Silva, A. T. M. da

; Costa, A. F.

; Vieira, J. S. S.

; Santos, S. D. B. dos

; Félix, V. B.

; Leão, S. A. B. F.

; Zambrano, L. I.

; Saldanha-Filho, A. J. M.

; Carvalho, E. G. A.

; Cavalcante, J. B. N.

; Quintella, G. B.

; Lino, A. T. S.

; Costa, M. V.

; Lima, J. A.

; Tavares, M. M. A.

; de Melo, M. R.

; Mousinho, K. C.

; Biase, C. L. C. L. De

; Leite, M. L.

; Costa, P. J. M. S.

; Becker, E. L.

; Moura, I. M. F. B.

; Silva, J. C. da

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2024, Volume 84 elocation e248411

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo O conteúdo de dopamina nas estruturas cerebrais tem sido relacionado à excitabilidade neuronal e várias abordagens têm sido utilizadas para estudar este fenômeno durante o período de vulnerabilidade às crises. No presente trabalho, descrevemos os efeitos da depleção de dopamina após a administração de 6-hidroxidopamina (6-OHDA) na região pars compacta da substância negra de ratos submetidos ao modelo de epilepsia com pilocarpina. A susceptibilidade ao estado de mal epiléptico induzido pela pilocarpina, bem como a frequência de crises espontâneas e recorrentes durante o período crônico do modelo foi determinada. Sendo o hipocampo uma das principais estruturas afetadas no desenvolvimento desse modelo experimental de epilepsia, os níveis de dopamina nessa região foram determinados após a administração da droga. No primeiro experimento, 62% (15/24) dos ratos pré-tratados com 6-OHDA e 45% (11/24) daqueles que receberam ácido ascórbico como solução controle evoluíram para crises límbicas motoras e para o estado de mal epiléptico, após a administração de pilocarpina. A gravidade das crises durante o período agudo do modelo foi significativamente maior nos ratos epilépticos experimentais (56,52%) do que nos ratos controle (4,16%). No segundo experimento, não houve diferença significante entre os grupos quanto à frequência de crises na fase crônica do modelo. Nossos dados mostraram que a dopamina pode desempenhar um papel importante na gravidade das crises na fase aguda da pilo, o que parece ser exercido por sua ação inibitória da dopamina sobre a expressão motora das crises.

Abstract The dopamine content in cerebral structures has been related to neuronal excitability and several approaches have been used to study this phenomenon during seizure vulnerability period. In the present work, we describe the effects of dopamine depletion after the administration of 6-hidroxidopamine (6-OHDA) into the substantia nigra pars compacta of male rats submitted to the pilocarpine model of epilepsy. Susceptibility to pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus (SE), as well as spontaneous and recurrent seizures (SRSs) frequency during the chronic period of the model were determined. Since the hippocampus is one of main structures in the development of this experimental model of epilepsy, the dopamine levels in this region were also determined after drug administration. In the first experiment, 62% (15/24) of 6-OHDA pre-treated rats and 45% (11/24) of those receiving ascorbic acid as control solution progressed to motor limbic seizures evolving to SE, after the administration of pilocarpine. Severeness of seizures during the model´s the acute period, was significantly higher in epileptic experimental rats (56.52%), than in controls (4.16%). In the second experiment, the frequency of seizures in the model’s chronic phase did not significantly change between groups. Our data show that dopamine may play an important role on seizure severity in the pilo’s model acute period, which seems to be due to dopamine inhibitory action on motor expression of seizure.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.248411

Liquid fertilizers on photochemical efficiency and gas exchange in yellow passion fruit under saline stress
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Guedes, Luciano R.

; Cavalcante, Lourival F.

; Souto, Antônio G. de L.

; Carvalho, Lucas H. M.

; Cavalcante, Ítalo H. L.

; Diniz Neto, Manoel A.

; Lima, Geovani S. de

; Melo, Thiago de S.

; Henrique, Jamiles C. G. de S.

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental

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nov 2023, Volume 27 N. 11 Pages 839 - 847

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

ABSTRACT The Northeast region of Brazil is the primary producer of yellow passion fruit. In recent years, water scarcity has led passion fruit growers to use highly saline water for cultivation. Therefore, implementing technologies that alleviate the negative effects of salt stress on plants is a promising approach, particularly in semi-arid conditions. This study aimed to assess the efficacy of organomineral fertilizers in mitigating salt stress effects on chlorophyll-a fluorescence and gas exchange in ‘Guinezinho’ yellow passion fruit seedlings. The treatments were arranged in randomized blocks with four replicates and four seedlings per plot, following a 2 × 3 factorial design. The factors considered were irrigation using water with low (0.18 dS m-1) and high (4.0 dS m-1) electrical conductivity and three liquid organomineral attenuators (Codasal™, Aminoagro Raiz™, and a mixture of Codasal™ + Aminoagro Raiz™ at a 1:1 v/v ratio), applied through fertigation. Irrigation with water containing 4.0 dS m-1 electrical conductivity, combined with liquid fertilizers, resulted in increased substrate salinity, and reduced stomatal conductance in yellow passion fruit seedlings, particularly when Codasal™ was applied. Application of Codasal™ alone or in combination with Aminoagro Raiz™ significantly enhanced variable fluorescence, quantum efficiency of PSII, CO2 assimilation rate, and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency in ‘Guinezinho’ yellow passion fruit seedlings.

RESUMO O Nordeste é a principal região produtora de frutos de maracujazeiro-amarelo no Brasil, que devido à escassez hídrica ocorrida nos últimos anos, os passifloricultores utilizam água de elevada concentração de sais para exploração da cultura. Dessa forma, o emprego de tecnologias que possibilite a atenuação do estresse salino às plantas é uma estratégia promissora nas condições de semiárido. Objetivou-se com o trabalho avaliar a ação de fertilizantes organominerais como atenuador do estresse salino sobre a fluorescência da clorofila a e trocas gasosas de mudas maracujazeiro-amarelo acesso ‘Guinezinho’. Os tratamentos foram distribuídos em blocos casualizados com quatro repetições e quatro mudas por parcela, empregando o esquema fatorial 2 × 3, referente às irrigação com água de baixa (0,18 dS m-1) e alta (4,00 dS m-1) condutividade elétrica e três atenuadores organomineral líquidos (Codasal®, Aminoagro Raiz® e mistura de Codasal® + Aminoagro Raiz® - proporção de 1/1 v/v), via fertirrigação. A irrigação com água de 4,0 dS m-1 associado com fertilizantes líquidos aumentam a salinidade do substrato e reduz a condutância estomática das mudas de maracujazeiro-amarelo, principalmente, com aplicação de Codasal®. A aplicação individual ou associado de Codasal® com Aminoagro Raiz® promove aumentos na fluorescência variável, eficiência quântica do PSII, taxa de assimilação de CO2 e eficiência instantânea de carboxilação em mudas de maracujazeiro-amarelo, acesso “Guinezinho”.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v27n11p839-847

Study of Manganese Laurate as Adsorbing Matrix for Undecan-2-one: Factors Affecting Adsorption for Application in Controlled-Release of Pheromones
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Carvalho, Anderson N. de

; Fonseca, Mirelly A. V.

; Vidal, Diogo M.

; Cursino, Ana C. T.

; Firak, Daniele S.

; Lisboa, Fábio S.

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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jul 2023, Volume 34 N. 7 Pages 967 - 975

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

One of the greatest challenges faced by agriculture is the use of agrochemicals and the balance between food production and environmental problems associated with the excessive use of these substances. To overcome this issue, pheromones have been used to trap pests that harm crops. This work reports the use of a layered monocarboxylate, manganese laurate (MnL2), as adsorbing matrix for undecan-2-one (methyl nonyl ketone (MNK)), one of the components of the pheromone of the insect Lobiopa insularis, which is a pest in the strawberry cultivar. The manganese laurate was synthesized by a coprecipitation method and was later characterized using X-ray diffractometry, vibrational spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and differential scanning calorimetry. The characterization techniques showed that MNK was adsorbed in the manganese laurate structure in a range of 0.08 to 1.13 mg g-1, and this interaction was investigated in a factorial design experiment, in which the variables temperature, time of contact, and matrix:MNK ratio were investigated. A negative effect of increasing temperatures was observed and attributed to substrate volatilization. The adsorption was favored in increasing molar ratios and times of contact, and ideal conditions for the adsorption could be found, indicating that manganese laurate could be applied in controlled-release tests.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20230009

Fitting Structure-Data Files (.SDF) Libraries to Progenesis QI Identification Searches
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Sanches, Pedro H. G.

; Oliveira, Danilo C. de

; Reis, Ivan G. M. dos

; Fernandes, Anna M. A. P.

; Silva, Alex A. R.

; Eberlin, Marcos N.

; Carvalho, Patrícia O.

; Duarte, Gustavo H. B.

; Porcari, Andreia M.

Journal of the Brazilian Chemical Society

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jul 2023, Volume 34 N. 7 Pages 1013 - 1019

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Progenesis QI (PQI) is a multiplatform bioinformatics tool that facilitates the identification workflow for metabolomics experiments. PQI uses fragmentation data provided by MassBank of North America (MoNA) libraries, among others, for metabolite annotation. However, PQI does not officially support MoNA libraries and other libraries based on structure-data files (.sdf). This paper describes the development and application of a software named MoNA to Progenesis QI Library Converter, allowing PQI and MoNA by correcting the fragmentation data of the library for Progenesis readability. We evaluated several public experimental datasets, including human plasma, plant extracts, cultured cells, bacteria, rat serum, and rat hippocampus. The results showed that it is mandatory to proceed with file conversion of each library to allow PQI to access fragmentation information from .msp (main spectra profile) files. This step is highly recommended to improve the identification level of the metabolites.

https://doi.org/10.21577/0103-5053.20230016

Physical properties of grains of cowpea genotypes
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Silva, Liliane S. da

; Carvalho, Abner J. de

; Siqueira, Wagner da C.

; Rocha, Maurisrael de M.

; Borges, Janaina B.

; Barbosa, Edmilson da S.

; Barbosa, José A. E.

Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental

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mar 2023, Volume 27 N. 3 Pages 216 - 222

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

RESUMO Objetivou-se avaliar propriedades físicas de grãos de genótipos de feijão-caupi. O estudo foi conduzido no Laboratório de Armazenamento e Beneficiamento de Grãos e Sementes no Instituto Federal do Norte de Minas Gerais, em Januária, MG. Os tratamentos utilizados foram 17 linhagens-elite e 11 cultivares de grãos de feijão-caupi. O delineamento experimental foi em blocos casualizados, com quatro repetições. As características avaliadas foram a densidade aparente, ângulo de repouso, massa de 1.000 grãos, forma (esfericidade e circularidade), tamanho (área projetada) dos grãos, teor de água e porosidade da massa de grãos. Os genótipos conferem diferentes tamanhos aos grãos de feijão-caupi, o que influencia na variação da densidade aparente, ângulo de repouso e massa de mil grãos. Não houve diferença estatística entre as médias para as variáveis teor de água e porosidade da massa, entre os genótipos avaliados.

ABSTRACT The present study aimed to evaluate the physical properties of cowpea genotypes grains. The study was conducted at the Laboratory for Storage and Processing of Grains and Seeds at the North Federal Institute of Minas Gerais (IFNMG) in Januária, MG, Brazil. The treatments were composed of 17 elite lines and 11 cultivars of cowpea. The experimental design was in randomized blocks with four replicates. The properties evaluated were bulk density, angle of repose, 1000-grain weight, shape (sphericity and circularity), size (projected area) of the grains, water content, and porosity of the grain mass. The genotypes give different sizes to cowpea beans, which influences the variation of bulk density, angle of repose, and 1000-grain weight. There was no statistical difference among the cowpea genotypes evaluated for water content and mass porosity.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v27n3p216-222

10.

Biostimulants increase the yield of greenhouse-grown tomato plants in summer under a tropical climate
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Soares, Mateus de A.

; Charlo, Hamilton C. de O.

; Carvalho, Mychelle

; Paiva, Paulo E. B.

; Coelho, Victor P. de M.

Revista Caatinga

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mar 2023, Volume 36 N. 1 Pages 96 - 105

Abstract: En Pt | Text: En Pt | PDF: En | PDF: Pt

ABSTRACT While tomatoes can be grown year-round in a greenhouse, the high temperatures of tropical climates are a limitation. As such, cooling the growing environment is key to cultivating tomatoes in controlled environments during summer, but effective cooling systems are expensive and involve high production costs. The use of biostimulants has been reported to increase yield and can mitigate the effects of high temperature on greenhouse-grown tomatoes. Our hypothesis is that biostimulants can improve tomato yield, particularly in the event of stress during cultivation. Our aim was to assess the effects of three biostimulants on greenhouse-grown tomato plants in the summer under a tropical climate. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse on the Uberaba Campus of the Federal Institute of the Mineiro Triangle (IFTM). We used a completely randomized design consisting of a plot containing five plants, with 1.0 x 0.5 m spacing, an estimated density of 20,000 plants ha-1, and six repetitions. The three biostimulants applied were Alquifishmel®, Booster® and Stimulate®, compared to a control (plants with no biostimulant). Production, fruit quality, yield and plant growth were assessed. All three biostimulants improved yield by more than three metric tons per hectare in relation to the control, primarily due to the larger number of ripe fruits. It is suggested that the biostimulants mitigated heat stress, promoting a larger number of fruits per truss and resulting in higher yield.

RESUMO Embora o tomate possa ser cultivado durante todo o ano em casa de vegetação, as altas temperaturas dos climas tropicais são uma limitação. Assim, resfriar o ambiente de cultivo é fundamental para cultivar tomates em ambientes controlados durante o verão, mas sistemas de resfriamento eficazes são caros e envolvem altos custos de produção. O uso de bioestimulantes tem sido relatado para aumentar a produtividade e pode mitigar os efeitos da alta temperatura em tomateiros cultivados em casa de vegetação. Nossa hipótese é que os bioestimulantes podem melhorar a produtividade do tomateiro, principalmente em caso de estresse durante o cultivo. Nosso objetivo foi avaliar os efeitos de três bioestimulantes em plantas de tomate cultivadas em casa de vegetação no verão sob clima tropical. O experimento foi conduzido em casa de vegetação no Campus Uberaba do Instituto Federal do Triângulo Mineiro (IFTM). Utilizou-se o delineamento inteiramente casualizado com seis repetições, parcela contendo cinco plantas, com espaçamento de 1,0 x 0,5 m e densidade estimada de 20,000 plantas ha-1. Os três bioestimulantes aplicados foram Alquifishmel®, Booster® e Stimulate®, comparados a um controle (plantas sem bioestimulante). Foram avaliados a produção, a qualidade dos frutos, a produtividade e o crescimento das plantas. Todos os três bioestimulantes melhoraram a produtividade em mais de três toneladas por hectare em relação ao controle, principalmente devido ao maior número de frutos maduros. Sugere-se que os bioestimulantes atenuaram o estresse térmico, promovendo maior número de frutos por cacho, o que resultou em maior produtividade.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252023v36n111rc

11.

SUSTENTABILIDADE NO USO DE FÓSFORO: UMA REVISÃO BIBLIOGRÁFICA COM FOCO NA SITUAÇÃO ATUAL DO ESTADO DE SÃO PAULO, BRASIL FÓSFORO PAULO
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Sasabuchi, Isabela T. M.

; Krieger, Kamille S.

; Nunes, Renan S.

; Ferreira, Amanda C.

; Xavier, Gabriela T. M.

; Urzedo, Alessandro L.

; Carvalho, Wagner A.

; Fadini, Pedro S.

Química Nova

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feb 2023, Volume 46 N. 2 Pages 185 - 198

Abstract: Pt | Text: Pt | PDF: Pt

Phosphorus is a non-renewable element essential for the existence of life and also for food security. This resource has the property of limiting plant growth, becoming a fundamental part of agricultural production. On the other hand, when this element is present in high concentrations in aquatic environments, it can start a phenomenon called eutrophication, which causes a series of changes in biological succession processes and strongly negative impacts on species’ biodiversity and wealth. In this context, this work aimed, from an extensive bibliographical review, to gather strategic and essential information related to phosphorus sustainability, provoking a reflection regarding scenarios that involve this indispensable nutrient, focusing on the current situation of the State of São Paulo, Brazil, an important case study, both for the Brazilian and international scenario, by a gathering of data on the current situation of two of the main watersheds in the corresponding region. Relevant technologies used for phosphorus removal in eutrophicated environments are also addressed. Finally, the possibility of reusing the nutrients present in eutrophicated water bodies as an alternative source of phosphate fertilizer for agriculture is demonstrated. nonrenewable non renewable security growth production hand eutrophication species wealth context aimed review sustainability nutrient Paulo Brazil study scenario region addressed Finally demonstrated

https://doi.org/10.21577/0100-4042.20170967

12.

Tailoring the properties of Y2O3 via synthesis parameters varied during the PVA-assisted sol-gel route YO Y O Y2O PVAassisted PVA assisted solgel sol gel
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Carvalho, J. C. C.

; Bispo, G. F. C.

; Lilge, T. S.

; Bezerra, C. S.

; Andrade, A. B.

; Macedo, Z. S.

; Valerio, M. E. G.

Cerâmica

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jan 2023, Volume 69 N. 389 Pages 48 - 53

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract The effect of synthesis parameters on the microstructural behavior and morphology during the yttrium oxide (Y2O3) formation is reported. Y2O3 crystals were produced by a modified sol-gel route assisted by polyvinyl alcohol solution varying the calcination temperature and solution pH. The crystalline phase formation was investigated using X-ray powder diffraction combined with the Rietveld refinement method. The microstructural properties were analyzed by using the Williamson-Hall formalism. The calcination temperature followed the thermal events observed in the differential thermal analysis combined with the thermogravimetric analysis of the precursor xerogel. It was seen that the combination of PVA and pH variation can be used to minimize the calcination time and temperature. The morphological analysis showed samples with different sizes and appearances depending on pH and calcination temperature. Therefore, it was shown that the parameters in the synthesis process can be used to tailor the properties of Y2O3, such as crystallite size, degree of structural ordering, and morphology, and consequently, improve the desired application. YO Y O (Y2O3 reported Y2O solgel sol gel Xray X ray method WilliamsonHall Williamson Hall formalism xerogel Therefore size ordering consequently application (Y2O

https://doi.org/10.1590/0366-69132023693893425

13.

Variations in heterochromatin content reveal important polymorphisms for studies of genetic improvement in garlic (Allium sativum L.)
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Bacelar, P. A. A.

; Feitoza, L. L.

; Valente, S. E. S.

; Gomes, R. L. F.

; Martins, L. V.

; Almeida, P. M.

; Silva, V. B.

; Lopes, A. C. A.

; Carvalho, R.

; Peron, A. P.

Brazilian Journal of Biology

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2023, Volume 83 elocation e243514

Abstract: Pt En | Text: Pt En | PDF: Pt | PDF: En

Resumo Allium sativum L. é uma erva da família Alliaceae com sabor e aroma específicos e propriedades medicinais e nutracêuticas amplamente comercializada em diversos países. O Brasil é um dos maiores importadores de alho do mundo, apesar da sua produção ser restrita e limitada ao consumo interno. Assim, explorar a diversidade genética do alho comercial conservado em bancos de germoplasma é essencial para fornecer informações genéticas adicionais acerca dessa cultura economicamente importante. Uma ferramenta adequada para esse fim é a caracterização citogenética desses acessos. Este estudo teve como objetivo caracterizar a diversidade citogenética entre sete acessos de alho de um Banco de Germoplasma no Brasil. Os cariótipos foram obtidos por coloração convencional e com os fluorocromos de cromomicina A3 (CMA) e 4,6-diamidino-2-fenilindol (DAPI). Todos os acessos analisados apresentaram número cromossômico 2n = 16, fórmula cariotípica 6M + 2SM, cariótipos simétricos, núcleos reticulados em intérfase e cromossomos com condensação uniforme da cromatina da prófase para a metáfase. A coloração com fluorocromos mostrou diferenças na quantidade e distribuição de heterocromatina ao longo dos cromossomos e entre os acessos estudados. Com base no padrão de distribuição desses pequenos polimorfismos, foi possível separar os sete acessos em três grupos. Também foi possível diferenciar individualmente alguns dos acessos. Um dos resultados obtidos mostrou distensão heteromórfica da região organizadora nucleolar observada nos pares dos cromossomos 6 ou 7 com características peculiares. Foi sugerido, por exemplo, que o bloco heteromórfico de heterocromatina (CMA +++ / DAPI-) no cromossomo 6 do acesso “Branco Mineiro Piauí” pode ser usado como um marcador para identificar esse genótipo ou pode estar associado a algum caráter de interesse econômico.

Abstract Allium sativum L. is an herb of the Alliaceae family with a specific taste and aroma and medicinal and nutraceutical properties that are widely marketed in several countries. Brazil is one of the largest importers of garlic in the world, despite of its production is restricted and limited to internal consumption. Thus, explore the genetic diversity of commercial garlic conserved at germplasm banks is essential to generate additional genetic information about its economically important crop. A suitable tool for this purpose is the cytogenetic characterisation of these accessions. This study aimed to characterise the cytogenetic diversity among seven accessions of garlic from a Germplasm Bank in Brazil. The karyotypes were obtained by conventional staining and with chromomycin A3 (CMA) and 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) fluorochromes. All accessions analysed showed chromosome number 2n = 16, karyotype formula 6M+2SM, symmetrical karyotypes, reticulate interphase nuclei, and chromosomes with uniform chromatin condensation from prophase to metaphase. The fluorochromes staining showed differences in the amount and distribution of heterochromatin along the chromosomes and between accessions studied. Based on the distribution pattern of these small polymorphisms, it was possible to separate the seven accessions into three groups. It was also possible to differentiate some of the accessions individually. One of the results obtained showed a heteromorphic distension of the nucleolar organiser region observed on the chromosome pairs 6 or 7 with peculiar characteristics. It was suggested for example, that the heteromorphic block of heterochromatin (CMA+++/DAPI-) on chromosome 6 of the “Branco Mineiro Piauí” accession can be used as a marker to identify this genotype or may be associated with some character of economic interest.

https://doi.org/10.1590/1519-6984.243514 2212 downloads

14.

Carcass traits and meat quality of steers fed palm kernel cake as a replacement for grain sorghum
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Lisboa, M. M.

; Silva, F. F.

; Carvalho, G. G. P.

; Silva, J. W. D.

; Silva, A. P. G.

; Carvalho, V. M.

; Santos, L. V.

; Santos, M. C.

; Lima Júnior, D. M.

; Silva, R. R.

South African Journal of Animal Science

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2023, Volume 53 N. 4 Pages 522 - 528

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of replacing grain sorghum (GS) with palm kernel cake (PKC) on the performance, carcass traits and meat quality of feedlot steers fed high-grain diets. Forty male ¹/4 Holstein * ¹/4 Nellore steers with an initial weight of 331.1 ± 36.2 kg, at 24 ± 2 months of age, were housed in group stalls (10 cattle/stall) where they received diets containing 0, 80, 160, or 240 g/kg PKC on a dietary dry matter basis. After 126 days, the animals were slaughtered and their carcass and meat evaluated. The replacement of GS with PKC did not influence empty body weight, carcass weight, carcass length, or carcass yield. However, the thickness of subcutaneous fat in the carcass decreased with the replacement of GS with PKC. The meat pH increased linearly, whereas there were no changes in cooking loss, shear force, lightness (L*), and fat or cholesterol contents in the meat of the steers. Partial replacement (41,57%) of GS with PKC is recommended, with an inclusion of up to 240 g/kg PKC in high-grain diets for steers.

https://doi.org/10.4314/sajas.v53i4.06

15.

Sudden and simultaneous population outbreak of Neoaulacoryssus speciosus in an urban area of 12 municipalities in the Caatinga biome
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MENEZES, CLAUBERT WAGNER G. DE

; SANTOS, CONCEIÇÃO A. DOS

; CARVALHO, DANIELLE M.

; BRITO, ELIANE S.G.

; TAVARES, WAGNER DE S.

; MENEZES JÚNIOR, SADY M. DA C. DE

; ZANUNCIO, JOSÉ C.

Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências

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2023, Volume 95 N. 1 elocation e20191295

Abstract: En | Text: En | PDF: En

Abstract The ground beetle, Neoaulacoryssus speciosus (Coleoptera: Carabidae) is of high relevance to field because it has been recorded as a pest of seeds and young plants of vegetables and other crops and a predator in agricultural crops, forest and weeds in Brazil. However, natural habitat changes are increasing agriculture and forest insect outbreaks in urban areas. A N. speciosus population outbreak occurred in October and November 2018 simultaneously in 12 neighboring municipalities at the beginning of the rainy season in the northern region of Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The objectives of this study were to report a sudden and simultaneous population outbreak of N. speciosus and to describe the factors of habitat change that could have contributed to this invasion in 12 municipalities in the northern region of Minas Gerais State in the Caatinga biome of Brazil. In addition, female and male genitals were described and illustrated, the scientific classification revised and common names of N. speciosus listed. Thousands of males and females of N. speciosus agglomerated in shady, humid places during the day and night for about 15 days. Neoaulacoryssus speciosus has been identified and illustrated, its scientific classification revised and four common names listed for this species.

https://doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765202320191295

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