Abstract In this work, we analyzed cytogenetically eight Chactidae and Buthidae, including the localization of repetitive DNA sequences. The chactids possess monocentric chromosomes and the highest diploid numbers (2n=50 in Brotheas amazonicus, 2n=36 in Chactopsis amazonica, 2n=30 in Neochactas sp.) when compared with buthids (2n=10 in Tityus bahiensis, 2n=14 in Tityus apiacas and Tityus metuendus, 2n=18 in Tityus aba, 2n=26 in Ischnotelson peruassu). The localization of rDNA genes and (TTAGG)n sequences exhibited a conserved pattern of two terminal/subterminal ribosomal cistrons and terminal telomere signals. However, the comparison between the data of C-banding, DAPI after FISH and Cot-DNA fraction indicated a variable quantity and distribution of these regions, as follow: (i) positive heterochromatin and Cot-DNA signals (B. amazonicus and I. peruassu), (ii) small blocks of heterochromatin with large Cot-DNA signals (T. metuendus), (iii) positive heterochromatic regions and absence of Cot-DNA signals (T. aba and T. apiacas), and (iv) negative heterochromatin and Cot-DNA signals (T. bahiensis). Therefore, our results revealed that there still is not a clear relation between quantity of heterochromatin and presence of monocentric or holocentric chromosomes and occurrence of chromosomal rearrangements, indicating that repetitive regions in scorpions must be analyzed using different cytogenetic approaches.

ABSTRACT Objective: Review the studies that investigated coping in soccer. Methods: A systemic search was carried out in the following databases: Pubmed, Web of Science, Scielo, Scopus, PsychINFO and SPORTDiscus. The descriptors related to the terms (Coping skills, Sport and Football) were verified in the MeSH (Medical Subject Headings) database. The inclusion criteria used were: Empirical studies published in journals peer-reviewed scientific papers; b) Studies published from December 2014 to December 2019; c) with at least one quantitative measure; d) Studies with samples of soccer athletes; and e) Articles with specific reference to the topic 'Coping skills'. Results: The results showed that coping skills interact with important variables for good performance in elite soccer, such as competitive level, sports talent, psychopathologies, age group and sex. More specifically, it was noted that the development of some coping strategies, such as facing adversity, trust/motivation and performance under pressure, are potentially common to these variables. Conclusion: It is concluded that the development of some coping strategies is fundamental to the elite athlete, since it is positively associated with the optimal development of most of the variables analyzed in the synthesized studies.

RESUMO Objetivo: Revisar sistematicamente os estudos que investigaram o coping no futebol. Métodos: Foi realizada busca sistêmica nas seguintes bases de dados: Pubmed, Web of Science, Scielo, Scopus, PsychINFO e SPORTDiscus. Os descritores relacionados aos termos (Habilidades de enfrentamento, Esporte e Futebol) foram verificados na base de dados MeSH (Medical Subject Headings). Os critérios de inclusão utilizados foram: Estudos empíricos publicados em periódicos artigos científicos revisados por pares; b) Estudos publicados de dezembro de 2014 a dezembro de 2019; c) com pelo menos uma medida quantitativa; d) Estudos com amostras de atletas de futebol; e e) Artigos com referência específica ao tema 'Habilidades de enfrentamento'. Resultados: Os resultados mostraram que as habilidades de enfrentamento interagem com variáveis importantes para o bom desempenho no futebol de elite, como nível competitivo, talento esportivo, psicopatologias, faixa etária e sexo. Mais especificamente, notou-se que o desenvolvimento de algumas estratégias de enfrentamento, como enfrentar adversidades, confiança/motivação e desempenho sob pressão, são potencialmente comuns a essas variáveis. Conclusão: Conclui-se que o desenvolvimento de algumas estratégias de enfrentamento é fundamental para o atleta de elite, pois está positivamente associado ao desenvolvimento ótimo da maioria das variáveis analisadas nos estudos sintetizados.

SUMMARY OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate the quality of life of patients with endometriosis before and after surgical treatment. METHODS: An observational, longitudinal, and prospective study was conducted with 102 women with pelvic pain and endometriosis that was unimproved by clinical treatment and indicated for surgical treatment. The patients’ quality of life was assessed using the 30-item Endometriosis Health Profile (EHP-30) questionnaire before and 3 and 6 months after surgery. The statistical tests were analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 17.0, and the Friedman test was used. RESULTS: There was a reduction in EHP-30 scores 3 and 6 months after surgery compared to before surgery, as well as 6 months after surgery compared to 3 months after surgery, in the central questionnaire (PART 1) and in Sections A, B, C, E, and F (p<0.0001). For Section D, there was a reduction in scores 6 months after surgery compared to before surgery (p<0.0001). CONCLUSION: Surgical treatment of endometriosis improves quality of life in several areas assessed by the EHP-30 questionnaire.

ABSTRACT We report a new occurrence of Micracarpus frigidus (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult. K.Schum. in the Brazilian State of Ceará, collected at the Serra das Matas residual massif. We present data on its morphological relationship to a similar species, ecological preferences, photographs, illustration, map and updated information on its distribution. This finding increases our knowledge on the distribution of this species and about the flora of Ceará State, as well as aiding in future biogeographic research.

RESUMO Relatamos a nova ocorrência de Micracarpus frigidus (Willd. ex Roem. & Schult.) K.Schum. para o Estado do Ceará, coletada no Maciço Residual Serra das Matas. Apresentamos dados sobre relações morfológicas com espécie afim, preferências ecológicas, fotografias, ilustração, mapa e informações atualizados sobre sua distribuição. Esse achado amplia o conhecimento sobre a distribuição dessa espécie e da flora do Estado do Ceará, além de auxiliar futuros estudos biogeográficos.

ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: New medical schools and new medical residencies in Brazil, mainly in its interior, were opened under the justification of collaborating towards distribution of these healthcare professionals and specialist doctors across the national territory. However, this proposal did not guarantee that medical practitioners would become established in the place where they graduated and specialized. OBJECTIVE: To calculate, through interviews, how many specialists who graduated in the state of Tocantins stayed there after finishing their medical residency; and to analyze the factors that made them stay or leave the place. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional exploratory study conducted at a Brazilian federal public higher education institution. METHODS: All graduates from medical residencies in Tocantins, who graduated between 2013 and 2019, were contacted by telephone and, after obtaining consent, an interview was conducted. The interviews took place between June 2020 and January 2021. RESULTS: The permanence of medical residency graduates in the state increased from 50% in an earlier study to 55.8% in the current study, thus showing a situation of stability. In addition, we detected some reasons for staying or not. In a multivariate analysis, only working in the state capital was related to staying in the state of Tocantins, showing a 5.6 times greater chance. CONCLUSIONS: The percentage of those who remained was just over 50%, even some years after implementation of the first programs. Most specialists remained working for the state health department, with a smaller proportion in municipal health departments, and were concentrated in the state capital.

RESUMO Desde a publicação das últimas recomendações para o diagnóstico e tratamento da Demência Vascular pela Academia Brasileira de Neurologia em 2011, avanços significativos ocorreram na terminologia e critérios diagnósticos. O presente manuscrito é resultado do consenso entre especialistas indicados pelo Departamento Científico de Neurologia Cognitiva e do Envelhecimento da Academia Brasileira de Neurologia (2020-2022). O objetivo foi atualizar as recomendações práticas para a identificação, classificação e diagnóstico do Comprometimento Cognitivo Vascular (CCV). As buscas foram realizadas nas plataformas MEDLINE, Scopus, Scielo e LILACS. As recomendações buscam fornecer uma ampla revisão sobre o tema, então sintetizar as evidências para o diagnóstico do CCV não apenas para neurologistas, mas também para outros profissionais de saúde envolvidos na avaliação e nos cuidados ao paciente com CCV, considerando as diferentes realidades dos níveis de atenção à saúde (primário, secundário e terciário) no Brasil.

ABSTRACT Since the publication of the latest recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of Vascular Dementia by the Brazilian Academy of Neurology in 2011, significant advances on the terminology and diagnostic criteria have been made. This manuscript is the result of a consensus among experts appointed by the Scientific Department of Cognitive Neurology and Aging of the Brazilian Academy of Neurology (2020-2022). We aimed to update practical recommendations for the identification, classification, and diagnosis of Vascular Cognitive Impairment (VCI). Searches were performed in the MEDLINE, Scopus, Scielo, and LILACS databases. This guideline provides a comprehensive review and then synthesizes the main practical guidelines for the diagnosis of VCI not only for neurologists but also for other professionals involved in the assessment and care of patients with VCI, considering the different levels of health care (primary, secondary and tertiary) in Brazil.

Abstract Aims: The present study investigated the quality of coach-athlete relationship (CAR) and coping as associated factors stress, anxiety, burnout, and depression symptoms of soccer players in the transition to professional. Methods: Twenty-three athletes from four teams of the 2019 under-20 Bahia State Championship participated in the study. The instruments used were the Coach-Athlete Relationship Questionnaire, the Coping Strategic Athletic Inventory, the Daily Analysis of Life Demands in Athletes, the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2R, the Burnout Questionnaire for Athletes, and the Major Depression Inventory. Data analysis was conducted using Generalized Estimation Equations, Pearson’s Correlation, and Linear Multiple Regression (p < 0.05). Results: Our findings show that from the beginning to the end of the season, CAR and coping strategies were predictors of psychic occurrences. For CAR, the symptoms of anxiety associated with self-confidence and stress symptoms were predicted by Proximity and Complementarity, respectively. As for coping strategies, only the symptoms of stress were predicted by the dimension of facing adversity. Conclusion: From the beginning to the end of the season, the magnitude of the predicting factors over some psychopathologies is enhanced in youth soccer players going through a career transition stage.

Resumo Foram realizados testes coproparasitológicos de micos-leões-dourados de vida livre, Leontopithecus chrysomelas, usando-se o método de Hoffmann-Pons-Janner. No total, foram coletadas 118 amostras de dez grupos: quatro grupos residentes em Área de Conservação Federal e seis grupos em Área não protegida de fazendas de cacau. Ovos de parasitas do filo Acantocephala e das famílias Spiruridae, Ancylostomatidae, Ascarididae, Oxyuridae foram identificados, bem como o gênero Strongyloides (Nematoda: Strongyloididae) e o filo Apicomplexa. Esta é a primeira descrição de infecção de coccídeos, família Trichuridae e Strongyloides spp. em L. chrysomelas. Um total de 48% (n = 57) dos animais estavam parasitados e a maior prevalência (37,2 ±DP 8,72, n = 44) foi para Acanthocephalan, seguido por Spiruridae (8,5±DP 5,03, n = 10). Não houve diferença na prevalência do táxon de parasita por idade ou sexo. No entanto, foi encontrada maior diversidade e prevalência de parasitas em animais que vivem na Unidade de Conservação Federal. Esses resultados sugerem que os parasitas intestinais podem ser influenciados por fatores ambientais, como o manejo das áreas, além do comportamento alimentar de L. chrysomelas e distintas estratégias de transmissão dos parasitas. A combinação de dados ecológicos e demográficos com estudos parasitológicos podem contribuir para programas de conservação dessa espécie.

Abstract We performed coproparasitological testing of free-living golden-headed lion tamarins, Leontopithecus chrysomelas, using the Hoffmann-Pons-Janner method. In total, we collected 118 samples from ten groups: four living in Federal Protected Area and six living in Non-Protected Areas of cocoa farms. Eggs from parasites of the Acanthocephala phylum and Spiruridae, Ancylostomatidae, Ascarididae and Oxyuridae families were identified, as well as the genus Strongyloides (Nematode: Strongyloididae) and phylum Apicomplexa. This is the first description of infection with coccidian, Trichuridae family and Strongyloides spp. in L. chrysomelas. A total of 48% (n= 57) of the animals were infected and the highest prevalence (37.2±SD 8.72, n = 44) was for Acanthocephalidae, followed by Spiruridae (8.5±SD 5.03, n = 10). There was no difference in parasite prevalence by age classes or sex. However, we found higher diversity and prevalence of parasites in animals living in the Federal Protected Area. These results suggest that intestinal parasites may be influenced by environmental factors, such as the management of the areas where the animals live, in addition to the feeding behavior of L. chrysomelas and distinct transmission strategies of parasites. The combination of ecological and demographic data combined with parasitological studies may contribute to conservation programs for this species.

RESUMO Este estudo investigou as relações das estratégias de coping sobre o estresse, e os sintomas de ansiedade em atletas de futebol da categoria sub-20. Participaram 23 atletas de quatro equipas do Campeonato Baiano sub-20 2019. Como instrumentos foram utilizados o Inventário Atlético de Estratégias de Coping, o Daily Analysis of Life Demands in Athletes e o Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2R. A análise de dados foi conduzida por meio das análises de correlação de Pearson e Regressão Linear Múltipla (plt; 0,05). Os resultados indicaram que no início da época o coping se relacionou com a Ansiedade (Cognitiva, R2= 0,43; Autoconfiança, R2= 0,30; p< 0,05). Enquanto que, no final da época, relacionou-se com o estresse (R2= 0,18; p< 0,05), Ansiedade (AC, R2= 0,66; p< 0,05). Conclui-se que, no final da época, a magnitude das relações do coping sobre o estresse e a ansiedade foram potencializadas nos jovens jogadores de futebol da categoria Sub-20.

ABSTRACT This study investigated the relationship between coping strategies on stress and anxiety symptoms in under-20 soccer players. Twenty-three athletes from four teams from the 2019 Bahia Under-20 Championship participated. The Athletic Coping Strategy Inventory, the Daily Analysis of Life Demands in Athletes and the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2R were used. Data analysis was conducted using Pearson's correlation analysis and Multiple Linear Regression (p< 0.05). The results indicated that coping was related to anxiety at the beginning of the season (Cognitive, R2= 0.43; Self-confidence, R2= 0.30; p< 0.05). While, at the end of the season, with stress (R2= 0.18; p< 0.05), Anxiety (AC, R2= 0.66; p< 0.05). It is concluded that, at the end of the epoch, the magnitude of coping relationships on stress and anxiety were enhanced in young football players in the Under-20 category.

Background: A population study is an important tool that can be used to understand the actual epidemiological scenario of the Covid-19 in different territories, identify its magnitude, understand its transmission dynamics, and its demographic, geographical, and social distribution. Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and dynamics of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the population of two Brazilian cities during the pandemic first wave and subsequent socioeconomic and health effects. Materials &amp; methods: This paper described the methodological procedures adopted and the prevalence of the SARS-CoV-2 infection in the population. A household survey was conducted between October and December 2020, in two historic cities of Brazil's mining region. Anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody was detected using the Wondfo® rapid test. The face-to-face interview consisted of administration of a questionnaire containing registration data, sociodemographic and economic variables, living habits, general health condition, mental health, sleep habits, and eating and nutrition. Results: We evaluated 1,762 residents, of which 764 (43.4%) were in Mariana and 998 (56.6%) in Ouro Preto. For both cities, 51.9% of the interviewees were female, with a predominance of the age range 35 to 59 years old (47.2%). The prevalence of the SARS-CoV-2 infection was 5.5% in all cities, 6.2% in Ouro Preto, and 4.7% in Mariana. The prevalence was similar between cities (P&gt;0.05). Conclusion: The study was effective in verifying the seroprevalence of infection by the virus and its findings will enable further analyses of the health conditions of the population related to social isolation and the risk of infection with SARS-CoV-2.

ABSTRACT Although Brazil has one of the highest scorpion diversities worldwide, the scorpion fauna of the Amazon region remains relatively poorly described. In this study, we updated the list of scorpion species from the state of Acre, in the southwestern Brazilian Amazon, based on a revision of records contained in Brazilian arachnid collections and a survey of the relevant literature. We recorded the occurrence of seven scorpion species belonging to two families (Buthidae and Chactidae) among which we report three new records (Ananteris sp., Tityus (Tityus) gasci, and Chactopsis cf. insignis) for Acre. The results presented herein make an important contribution to the knowledge on scorpion diversity in the Amazonian forests of Acre.

RESUMEN Aunque Brasil tiene una de las diversidades de escorpiones más altas del mundo, la fauna de escorpiones de la región amazónica sigue siendo relativamente poco descrita. En este estudio, actualizamos la lista de especies de escorpiones para el estado de Acre, en el suroeste de la Amazonía brasileña, en base a una revisión de los registros contenidos en colecciones de arácnidos brasileños y un estudio de la literatura relevante. Registramos la ocurrencia de siete especies de escorpiones pertenecientes a dos familias (Buthidae y Chactidae), entre las cuales informamos tres nuevos registros (Ananteris sp., Tityus (Tityus) gasci y Chactopsis cf. insignis) para Acre. Los resultados presentados aquí hacen una contribución importante al conocimiento acerca de la diversidad de escorpiones en los bosques amazónicos de Acre.

BACKGROUND: Statins are used as cholesterol-lowering drugs and may also have direct antimicrobial effects. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate synergic interactions between simvastatin and both amphotericin B and fluconazole, against environmental strains of Cryptococcus neoformans isolated from captive birds’ droppings. DESIGNAND SETTING: Experimental study conducted at Federal University of Piauí, Parnaíba, in collaboration with Federal University of Triângulo Mineiro, Uberaba, Brazil. METHODS: Statin susceptibility tests of Cryptococcus neoformans samples were performed as prescribed in standards. Interactions of simvastatin with amphotericin and fluconazole were evaluated using the checkerboard microdilution method. Presence of these interactions was quantitatively detected through determining the fractional inhibitory concentration index (FICI). RESULTS: Isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans were obtained from 30 of the 206 samples of dry bird excreta (14.5%) that were collected from pet shops and houses. Ten isolates were selected for susceptibility tests. All of them were susceptible to amphotericin and fluconazole. All presented minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) > 128 µg/ml and, thus, were resistant in vitro to simvastatin. An in vitro synergic effect was shown through combined testing of amphotericin B and simvastatin, such that six isolates (60%) presented FICI < 0.500. Two isolates showed considerable reductions in MIC, from 1 µg/ml to 0.250 µg/ml. No synergic effect was observed through combining fluconazole and simvastatin. CONCLUSION: These results demonstrate that simvastatin should be considered to be a therapeutic alternative, capable of potentiating the action of amphotericin B. However, further studies are necessary to clarify the real effect of simvastatin as an antifungal agent.

ABSTRACT Objective: To demonstrate by means of georeferencing micro-areas with weaknesses in screening of breast cancer in the area of the Caxirimbu Family Strategy, rural zone of Caxias, Maranhão state, Brazil. Methods: Sectional epidemiological research. A total of 211 women aged 40 to 69 years were surveyed between April 1 and September 1, 2015. The georeferencing technique was used with the production of geographical coordinates using GPS equipment and the production of spatial distribution maps. Results: In the spatial distribution, it was found that breast cancer screening in the area covered by Caxirimbu has greater reach in the micro areas on the margins of MA 034 and in micro areas close to the health unit. In this coverage, it was found that of the 211 women interviewed, 133 (63.0%) had already undergone mammography, being close to the parameter indicated by the Ministry of Health, which is at least 70.0%. 42.0% (n= 56) had already undergone one mammogram; 36.0% (n= 48), two to three mammograms and; 22.0% (n= 29) reported having performed more than four mammograms. The map showed that 11 locations that tracking is inaccessible to women. In the spatial distribution, there was a greater distribution for irregular mammography performance, converging with its frequency of 80.0%. Conclusion: The spatial distribution of the intervals practiced by women for mammography exams demonstrated that most of the execution and occurrence of inadequate intervals, identifying the need to implement an organized screening.

RESUMO Objetivo: Demonstrar por meio do georreferenciamento microáreas com fragilidades no rastreamento do câncer de mama em na área da estratégia de Família do Caxirimbu, zona rural de Caxias - Maranhão. Métodos: Pesquisa epidemiológica do tipo seccional. Foram pesquisadas 211 mulheres de 40 a 69 anos entre 01 de abril a 01 de setembro de 2015. Utilizou-se a técnica do georreferenciamento com produção de coordenadas geográficas por meio de equipamento GPS e produção de mapas de distribuição espacial. Resultados: Na distribuição espacial verificou-se que o rastreamento do câncer de mama na área de abrangência do Caxirimbu tem maior alcance nas microáreas as margens da MA 034 e em microáreas próxima a unidade de saúde. Nesta cobertura, verificou-se que das 211 mulheres entrevistadas, 133 (63,0%) já haviam realizado a mamografia ficando próximo do parâmetro indicado pelo ministério da saúde que é de no mínimo 70,0%. 42,0% (n=56) já haviam realizado 1 mamografia; 36,0% (n=48), 2 a 3 mamografias e; 22,0% (n=29) informou ter realizado mais de 4 mamografias. A execução da mamografia e sua regularidade teve uma frequência de 26,0% e 20,0%, respectivamente. O mapa mostrou que 11 localidades esse rastreamento está inacessível para as mulheres Verificou-se na distribuição espacial maior distribuição para execução irregular da mamografia convergindo com sua frequência de 80,0%. Conclusão: A distribuição espacial dos intervalos praticados pelas mulheres para a realização dos exames de mamografia demonstrou que a maioria da execução e ocorrência de intervalos inadequados, identificando a necessidade de implementação de um rastreamento organizado.

RESUMEN Objetivo: Demostrar mediante georreferenciación micro áreas con debilidades en el cribado del cáncer de mama en el área de Family Strategy Caxirimbu, área rural de Caxias, Maranhão, Brasil. Métodos: Investigación epidemiológica seccional. Se entrevistó a 211 mujeres, con edades entre 40 y 69 años, entre el 1 de abril y el 1 de septiembre de 2015. La técnica de georreferenciación se utilizó con la producción de coordenadas geográficas utilizando equipos GPS y la producción de mapas de distribución espacial. Resultados: En la distribución espacial, se encontró que el cribado del cáncer de mama en el área de Caxirimbu tiene un mayor alcance en las micro áreas en los márgenes de MA 034 y en las micro áreas cercanas a la unidad de salud. En esta cobertura, se encontró que de las 211 mujeres entrevistadas, 133 (63.0%) ya se habían sometido a una mamografía, estando cerca del parámetro indicado por el Ministerio de Salud, que es al menos el 70.0%. 42.0% (n = 56) ya se había sometido a una mamografía; 36.0% (n = 48), dos o tres mamografías, y el 22.0% (n = 29) informó haber realizado más de cuatro mamografías. El mapa mostró que 11 lugares de este examen son inaccesibles para las mujeres En la distribución espacial, hubo una mayor distribución para la mamografía irregular, convergiendo con su frecuencia del 80.0%. Conclusión: La distribución espacial de los intervalos practicados por las mujeres para los exámenes de mamografía demostró la mayor parte de la ejecución y la ocurrencia de intervalos inadecuados, identificando la necesidad de implementar una detección organizada.

Abstract Aim: Exercise elicits adaptations in several physiological systems, such as the gastrointestinal tract. We evaluated the effects of an acute strength exercise (acute-SE) on gastric satiety and its correlation with creatinine kinase (CK), lactate, and plasma cytokine levels in humans. Methods: Anthropometric parameters, body composition, muscular strength, and satiety (drink test protocol) at rest and exercise were assessed. Results: In the squat, bench press, and T-bar row exercises, we observed a significant decrease (p<0.05) in muscular strength in the second, third, and fourth sets compared with that in the first set. Compared with rest, we observed a significant increase (p<0.05) in CK and lactate levels after acute-SE. In the drink test, acute-SE significantly increased (p <0.05) the total intake, calories ingested, and a total time of ingestion. Concerning cytokines, there was a significant increase (p<0.05) after acute-SE of IL-1β and IL-6 levels at the beginning of the test and a decrease in IL-6, -10, -13, and TNF-α levels after acute-SE at the end of the test (p<0.05). There was a correlation between CK, lactate, and total intake after acute-SE (p<0.05) as well as between IL-6, 13, TNF-α, and volume ingested in the last score of the drink test after acute-SE (p<0.05). Conclusion: Acute-SE decreases satiety associated with changes in lactate, CK, and plasma cytokine levels in healthy humans.

Abstract The species Anastrepha zacharyi Norrbom has recently been recorded in the Amazon, however the species is subsampling in the biome. In this research, we report a new occurrence of A. zacharyi in the state of Pará and, through climate suitability modelling, present new possible distribution areas of the species in the Brazilian eastern Amazon.