ABSTRACT: This study reports on the presence of a diverse set of gymnosperm and angiosperm macrofossils from the Codó Formation, Parnaíba Basin, whose assemblage was previously known only by the occurrence of pollen grains, spores, wood fragments, leaves and roots associated with Nympheaceae. In the Brejo municipality, northeastern Maranhão State, marl levels attest a transitional to marginal lacustrine environment, with occasional marine ingressions, demonstrated by the presence of crustaceans, gastropods and fishes. The plant fossils are preserved exclusively by molds and impressions, and its diversity is represented by few specimens, suggesting taphonomic processes of selection and transportation. The taphoflora is composed of Gnetales (?Drewria), conifers (Cupressinocladus and Brachyphyllum), and basal angiosperms (Nympheales, Magnollids, and/or basal Eudicots), which support an upper Aptian - ?Albian age. It displays affinities with both the well-known flora of the Araripe Basin (Santana Formation) as well as those ones identified in deposits from the south of North America (Potomac Group), suggesting that terrestrial links persisted in the equatorial areas of the Pangea at the end of the Early Cretaceous.

No Gondwana, o registro fóssil de aves está praticamente restrito ao Cretáceo Superior. Neste estudo é descrito um novo fóssil da Bacia do Araripe, Cratoavis cearensis nov. gen. et sp., composto por um esqueleto articulado com penas conectadas às asas e circundando o corpo. A presente descoberta amplia consideravelmente o intervalo temporal de registro das aves Enantiornithes na América do Sul ao Cretáceo Inferior. Pela primeira vez, um esqueleto articulado e quase completo de uma ave do Cretáceo Inferior da América do Sul é documentado.

The fossil record of birds in Gondwana is almost restricted to the Late Cretaceous. Herein we describe a new fossil from the Araripe Basin, Cratoavis cearensis nov. gen et sp., composed of an articulated skeleton with feathers attached to the wings and surrounding the body. The present discovery considerably extends the temporal record of the Enantiornithes birds at South America to the Early Cretaceous. For the first time, an almost complete and articulated skeleton of an Early Cretaceous bird from South America is documented.

The terpenoid composition of seven amber samples from Araripe Basin (Santana Formation, Crato Member) has been analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine their botanical origin. The diterpenoids, which have been identified in the fossil resin extracts are derived primarily from the abietane class, e.g., dehydroabietane, 4-epidehydroabietol, 16,17,18-trisnorabieta-8,11,13-triene, 7-oxo-16,17,19-trisnorabieta-8,11,13-trieno, dehydroabietic acid, ferruginol, hinokiol and hinokione. Their composition is certainly typical for conifers, and angiosperms can be excluded as the botanical source, as no triterpene was identified. The terpenoid characteristics strongly support a relationship to the Araucariaceae or Podocarpaceae families. In addition, the fossil record of the embedding sediments (pollen and fossil leaves) also supports the proposal of these paleobotanical origins for the ambers.

Pegadas de dinossauros do Jurássico e Cretáceo são comuns no Brasil, mas há poucos registros para o Triássico. No Rio Grande do Sul foram encontradas pegadas tridáctilas de médio porte em rochas de idade carniana. O material procede do afloramento Predebon, Município de São João do Polêsine, RS, que corresponde à porção superior do Membro Alemoa da Formação Santa Maria. As pegadas ocorrem em camadas lenticulares de arenito. Os icnofósseis foram identificados como pegadas de dinossauros indeterminadas e Grallator? isp. Os icnitos podem corresponder a subpegadas (undertracks), visto que muitas características superficiais estão ausentes, de modo que as diferenças entre as pegadas poderiam corresponder a variações preservacionais. Com base em critérios morfológicos e estratigráficos, as pegadas podem ser atribuídas a dinossauros basais. Alguns dinossauros conhecidos no Triássico brasileiro tais como Staurikosaurus, Saturnalia e Sacisaurus poderiam produzir pegadas similares ao material estudado. As ocorrências de pegadas de dinossauros do afloramento Predebon correspondem às mais antigas do Brasil, sendo compatíveis com a paleofauna conhecida para a seqüência Alemoa-Caturrita.

Dinosaur footprints in Jurassic and Cretaceous rocks are common in Brazil, but there are only a few records from Triassic. In Rio Grande do Sul State, tridactyl medium size footprints were found in Carnian rocks. The material proceeds from Predebon outcrop, São João do Polêsine County, Rio Grande do Sul State, that corresponds to the higher portion of the Alemoa Member, Santa Maria Formation. The footprints occur in sandstone lenses. The ichnofossils were identified as dinosaur footprints indet. and as Grallator? sp. The footprints should correspond to undertracks, since many superficial characteristics are absent, so that the differences between the footprints could correspond to preservational factors. On the basis of morphologic and stratigraphic criteria, the footprints can be attributed to basal dinosaurs. Some dinosaurs known for the Brazilian Triassic, such as Staurikosaurus, Saturnalia and Sacisaurus, could be the producers of these footprints. The occurrences of dinosaur footprints of the Predebon outcrop correspond to the oldest ones of Brazil, and moreover, they are compatible with the known paleofauna of Alemoa-Caturrita sequence.

A icnoespécie Brasilichnium elusivum foi descrita pela primeira vez no Brasil por Leonardi, em depósitos continentais eólicos eocretácicos (Neocomiano) da Formação Botucatu, Bacia do Paraná, e corresponde às pistas de um mamífero de proporções diminutas. Os icnofósseis de tetrápodes estudados no presente trabalho foram identificados e coletados na pedreira São Bento, localizada no município de Araraquara no Estado de São Paulo. Este estudo tem por objetivo esclarecer e atualizar algumas informações diagnósticas para B. elusivum, em virtude da ocorrência de exemplares mais bem preservados que puderam servir como base de comparação com o holótipo e 1o parátipo e possibilitaram a determinação do caráter ectaxônico e a tetradactilia (dígitos II-III-IV-V) em condição semiplantígrada para as pegadas posteriores. A tetradactilia também foi observada para os autopódios anteriores. A heteropodia ou a homopodia, nas ocorrências de icnofósseis de mamíferos, foram interpretadas como resultado das condições preservacionais e associadas às respostas locomotoras distintas de um mesmo animal durante seu deslocamento através das dunas do paleodeserto Botucatu.

The Brasilichnium elusivum ichnospecies was described for the first time in Brazil by Leonardi, in eocretaceous (Neocomian) continental aeolian deposits from Botucatu Formation, Paraná Basin, and it corresponds to trackways of a small sized mammal. The tetrapod ichnofossils studied at the present work were identified and collected at the São Bento quarry, located in the city of Araraquara, São Paulo State. The purpose of this study is to report some new data diagnosis to B. elusivum, due the occurrence of well preserved samples that could serve as base of comparison with the holotype and first paratype, and allowed to determine the ectaxonic character and the tetradactyly (digits II-III-IV-V) in semi-plantigrade condition of the hind footprints. The tetradactyly was also observed in the fore autopodia. The heteropody or the homopody, in the occurrence of mammal ichnofossils, was interpreted as the result of preservational conditions associated to distinctive locomotor responses of the same animal during its dislocation across the sand dunes of the Botucatu paleodesert.